MFL resources – GCSE + A level ideas and resources



Name: 36862251689000LISTENING, READING + WRITINGright1998800QUESTION WORDS?Cómo? = How??Cuándo? = When??Quién? = Who??Qué? = What? ?Dónde? = Where??Cuál? = Which??Por qué? = Why??Cuánto? = How much? How many?ESSENTIAL PHRASESes = isson = arehay = there is / there areESSENTIAL WORDS – WRITING EXAMir = to govoy = I govamos = we go me gusta ir … = I like to go …suelo ir … = I usually go …fui = I wentfuimos = we wentiré = I will goiremos = we will gohacer = to dohago = I dohacemos = we dome encanta hacer … = I love to do …suelo hacer … = I usually do …hice = I didhicimos = we didharé = I will doharemos = we will do tengo = I have he = I have (for talking about the past) he terminado = I have finished soy = I am (permanent)estoy = I am (temporary) hay = there is / there arehabía = there was / there werehabrá = there will be me gustame gustabame gustaríaquiero = I wantvoy a = I am going to me gustaría = I would likequisiera = I would like quiero = I wantpuedo = I cansuelo = I usually debo = I must acabo de = I have justacabo de ver …. = I have just seen .. doy = I give veo = I can see, I watch di = I gavevi = I saw, I watched ESSENTIAL PHRASES?Qué hiciste? = What did you do?Hice … = I did No hice … = I didn’t do …OPINIONSMe gusta = I likeMe encanta = I lovePrefiero = I preferEstoy de acuerdo = I agreeLo paso genial = I have a great timeLo pasé genial = I had a great timeLo pasamos genial = We have a great timeNo me gusta = I don’t likeOdio = I hate Tampoco = norTampoco me gusta = not do I likeNo estoy de acuerdo = I don’t agreeMe decepciona = disappoints mepor un lado = on the one handpor el otro lado = on the other handright-2060400Creo que… = I think thatDiría que = I would say that En mi opinión = in my opinionNo aguanto = I can’t standLo bueno es = the good thing is Lo malo es = the bad thing is Lo mejor es = the best thing is Lo peor es = the worst thing is CONNECTIVESaunque = althoughright787500o = orpero = buttambién = also además =furthermoreno obstante = neverthelesssin embargo = howeverluego = thenpor ejemplo = for examplesi = ifcomo = like mientras que = while, whilst entre = betweenmás = more menos = lessmás que = more thanmuy = verybastante = quitedemasiado = tooafortunadamente = fortunately desafortunadamente = unfortunatelyright2032000FALSE FRIENDSlibrería = book shop éxito = successlos servicios = toiletsasistir = to attendlisto = intelligent, brightla red = the internet / the networkla dirección = addressemocionante = excitinguna falta = a lack, shortagela jubilación = retirementla diversión = entertainmentESSENTIAL LITTLE WORDS mi = mytu = yournuestro = ourTIMES REFERENCES - PRESENTahora = nowpor la ma?ana = in the morningpor la tarde = in the afternoonpor la noche = in the eveningtodos los días = every daytodas las semanas = every weekuna vez a la semana = once a weekcinco veces al mes = five times a monthtodos los meses = every monthlunes = Monday martes = Tuesday miércoles = Wednesday jueves = Thursday viernes = Friday sábado = Saturday domingo = Sunday siempre = alwaysnormalmente = usually, normallyesta semana = this weekeste a?o = this yeara menudo = oftenmuchas veces = many timesde vez en cuando = from time to timeTIMES REFERENCES - PAST ayer = yesterdayanteayer = the day before yesterdayayer por la ma?ana =yesterday morningayer por la tarde = yesterday afternoonayer por la noche =yesterday eveningla semana pasada = last weekel mes pasado = last monthel a?o pasado = last yearel lunes pasado = last Monday282794946791ESSENTIAL PHRASESla última vez = the last time00ESSENTIAL PHRASESla última vez = the last timehace una semana = a week agohace un mes = a month agohace un a?o = a year agoantes = beforeTIMES REFERENCES - FUTUREma?ana = tomorrowpasado ma?ana = the day after tomorrowma?ana por la ma?ana = tomorrow morningma?ana por la tarde = tomorrow afternoonma?ana por la noche = tomorrow eveningla semana que viene = next weekel mes que viene = next monthel a?o que viene = next yearel lunes próximo = next Mondayen el futuro =in the futuredespués = afterwardsen invierno = in the winteren verano = in the summer en oto?o = in the autumnen primavera =in the springde… a… = from…to…ESSENTIAL LITTLE WORDS tengo = I havetiene = (it/she/he) hasESSENTIAL VERBSaprender = to learnasisitir = to attendayudar = to helpba?ar = to bathebuscar = to look forduchar = to showerbeber = to drinkcambiar = to change celebrar = to celebratechatear = to chat (online)charlar = to chat, to talkcomenzar = to begincomer = to eatcomprender = to understandconducir = to drivedeber = to “must”, have toempezar = to startescuchar = to listen decir = to saydesayunar = to have breakfastdescansar = to relaxdescargar = to downloaddibujar = to drawdise?ar = to designdisfrutar = to enjoydormir = to sleepencontrar = to find OR to meetense?ar = to teachescribir = to writeesperar = to wait estudiar = to studyevitar = to avoidganar = to earn OR to wingastar = to spend (money)gastar mucho dinero = to spend a lot of moneypasar = to spend (time)pasar las vacaciones en Alemania = to spend the holidays in Germanyir = to gofaltar = to miss, lackfracasar = to failhablar = to talkhacer = to dojugar = to playllamar = to callleer = to readllegar = to arrivellevar = to wearmandar = to sendmejorar = to improve mirar = to watch, look atmolestar = to annoymontar = to ridemontar a caballo = to ride a horsenadar = to swimolvidar = to forgetpensar = to thinkperder = to lose OR to missperder el pasaporte = to lose the passportperder el tren = to miss the train preguntar = to ask prohibir = to banprometer = to promisequerer = to wantsaber = to knowsacar buenas / malas notas = to get good / bad gradessalir = to go outtener = to have terminar = to finish, endtocar = to play (an instrument) tocar la guitarra = to play the guitar tomar = to taketomar el sol = to sunbathetrabajar = to worktraer = to bringvenir = to comever = to watchviajar = to travelvivir = to live visitar = to visitvolver = to returnESSENTIAL TENSE FORMATION PRESENTPASTFUTUREVisito = I visitVisité = I visitedVisitaré = I will visitGano = I earnGané = I earnedGanaré = I will earnOlvido = I forgetOlvidé = I forgotOlvidaré = I will forgetESSENTIAL LITTLE WORDS tiempo libre = free timelibre = free, unoccupiedgratuito = free (no money)SCHOOLense?ar= to educateel colegio= schoolel instituto= schoolun colegio mixto= a mixed school (i.e. boys + girls)una escuela= a (primary) schoolla primaria y la secundaria= primary and secondaryel profesor / la profesora= the teacherel director / la directora= the headteacherel (la) alumno(a)= the pupilel (la)estudiante= the studentSUBJECTSlas asignaturas= subjectsel comercio= businesslas ciencias= the sciencesla biología= biologyla física= physicsla química= chemistryel dibujo = artel alemán= Germanel espa?ol= Spanishel francés= Frenchel inglés= Englishel bengalí= Bengalilos idiomas= languageslas lenguas= languagesla cocina= food technologyel comercio= businessla educación física= physical educationla geografía= geographyla gimnasia= PEla historia= historyla informática= ICTla literatura= litteraturelas matemáticas= mathsla religión= REla tecnología= D&Tel teatro= dramalos trabajos manuales= D&Tuna asignatura obligatoria= a compulsory subjectuna asignatura optativa= an optionel bachillerato= equivalent of an A-level courseel curso= course / school yearla ayuda= helpayudar= to helpleer= to readla lectura= reading2762714097000OPINIONSMi asignatura preferida es...= My favourite subject is ….porque es.../son= because it is …… / they areSoy flojo en= I’m weak inSoy fuerte en= I’m good atMe aburre(n)= it/he/she (they) bores(s) meMe molesta(n)= it/he/she (they) irritate(s) meMe chifla(n)= I likeMe da(n) igual= I don’t mindMe interesa(n)= It (They) interest(s) meMe molesta(n)= it (they) annoy meEstoy de acuerdo= I agreeNo estoy de acuerdo con= I do not agree withcreo que = I think thates/son = is / areaburrido= boring, dullagradable= nice, pleasantalegre= happyantiguo= oldbarato= cheapbonito= prettybueno = nice, goodbuenísimo = very goodcaro= expensivecomún= commondesagradable= unpleasantdifícil= difficultdivertido= funduro= hardeconómico= cheapemocionante= excitingencantador= delightfulentretenido= entertainingespléndido= splendidestresado= stressedestresante= stressfulestupendo= great, brilliantestúpido= stupidextraordinario= extraordinaryfácil= easyfamoso= famousfascinante= fascinatingfatal= awfulfenomenal= great, phenomenalfeo= uglyfavorito = favouritefuerte= stronggenial= greatgratis= free (of charge)guay= brillianthermoso= beautiful, handsomeimpresionante= impressiveincreíble= incredibleincómodo= uncomfortableinteresante= interesting inútil= uselessmal= bad / badlymalo= badmaravilloso= marvellous, greatmejor = better / bestnuevo= newobligatorio= compulsoryorgulloso= proudpeor= worsepesado= annoyingprecioso= lovelypronto= soonraro= strangeregular= averageridículo= ridiculousseguro= safe / suresencillo= simple, easysobresaliente= excellent (for school work)típico= typicaltonto= stupidtrabajador= hard-workingtriste= sadtranquilo= quietúnico= uniqueútil= usefulviejo= old-ísimo= on the end of an adjective this means “very”buenísimo= very goodmalísimo= very badmuy= verybastante= quitemás= moremenos= lesspoco= un-, notpoco gracioso= not funnypoco interesante= uninteresting, not interestingun poco= a bitun poco más= a bit moretan ….. como …..= as ….. as ….tanto ….. como …..= as much ……. as ……..NEGATIVESnunca= nevertampoco (they use this one a lot in the exams)= neither, norya no= no longernadie= no one, nobodynada= nothingni …. ni ….= neither ….. nor …..ningún(o)/a/os/as= none, not anyno tengo ningún dinero= I do not have any moneySchool equipmentuna agenda= a diarylos apuntes= notesel bolígrafo= the penla calculadora= the calculatorel cuaderno= the exercise bookel diccionario= the dictionary una palabra= a worduna goma= a rubberel lápiz= the pencil sharpenerun libro= a bookuna mesa= a table, deskuna mochila= a rucksack, bagel ordenador= the computerel papel= the paperel portátil= the laptopla pizarra= the boarduna regla= the ruleruna silla= a chairlos deberes= homeworkExpressions of timemi horario= my timetableel día escolar= the school dayun día festivo = a bank holiday, day offel recreo= breaklas vacaciones de Semana Santa= the Easter holidayslas vacaciones de Navidad= the Christmas holidayslas vacaciones de verano= the summer holidaysel trimestre= the termla ma?ana= THE morningma?ana= tomorrowla tarde= the afternoon / eveningtarde= latela noche= the nightde momento= at the momentoTimela hora= the time / the hourel horario= the timetablemedia hora= half an hourmedianoche= midnightmediodía= middayes la una= it’s one o’clockson las dos= it’s two o’clockson las tres= it’s three o’clockmenos cuarto= quarter tomenos diez / y diez= ten to / ten pastson las dos menos cinco= it is five to twoson las dos y cinco= it is five past twoun minuto= a minuteun segundo= a secondy cuarto= quarter pasty media= half pastausente= absentpresente= presentestá enfermo/a= he / she is illlas clases empiezan a= lessons start atlas clases terminan a= lessons end atel recreo= breakThe seasonsuna estación= a season (also means “station”)la primavera= the springel verano= the summerel oto?o= the autumnel invierno= the winterMonths of the yearlos meses del a?o= the months of the yearTime of dayla ma?ana= THE morningma?ana= tomorrowla tarde= the afternoon / eveningtarde= latela noche= the nightSCHOOL FACILITIES + othersel aula= the classroomla biblioteca= the libraryel campo de deportes= the sports fieldla cafetería= the canteen, cafeteriala cantina= the canteen, cafeteriahay una variedad de platos= there is a varierty of meals / disheshay poca variedad de platos= there is little varierty of meals / dishesuna clase= a class, lessonel edificio= the buildingel edificio es de tres plantas= it is a three-floor buildingel gimnasio= the gymla piscina= the swimming pooluna pizarra interactiva= an interactive whiteboardla pizarra= the boardel polideportivo= the sports halllas instalaciones= the facilitiesinstalaciones nuevas= new facilitiesel laboratorio= the label ordenador= the computerla informática = ICT el patio= the playgroundlas pistas de tenis= the tennis courtsla pista de patinaje= the iceskating rinkla pista de esquí= the ski slope, the ski pistela sala de informática= the ICT roomla sala de profesores= the staffroomel salón de actos= the halllos vestuarios= the changing roomsun ambiente feliz= a happy atmospherela calma= calmla paz= peaceel comportamiento= the behaviour regular= averagesobresaliente= excellentTEACHERS/STUDENTSme llevo bien con= I get on well withme llevo mal con= I ge ton badly withdar malas notas= to give bad gradessacar buenas notas= to get good gradesel castigo= punishmentel consejo= adviceel estrés= stressel éxito= successla libertad= freedomlibre= freeel fracaso= failuredesobediente= naughty, badly behavedestricto= strictinsolente= rude, cheekysevero/a= strictfatal= awful, terribleEXAMSaprobar un exámen= to pass an examsuspender un exámen= to fail an exampasar un exámen= to take an exam (NOT pass an exam)el fracaso= failuresacar buenas notas= to get good gradessacar malas notas= to get bad gradeslas notas= gradeslos resultados= the resultscontestar= to answerayudar= to helpRULESlas reglas del colegio= the school rulesel comportamiento= behaviourno se permite ….= you are not allowed …(no) es obligatorio ….= it is (not) compulsory ….la libertad= freedomlos derechos= rightsel silencio= silenceNo se permite el chicle= Chewing gum is not allowedNo se permite el acoso escolar= Bullying is not allowedEstá prohibido llevar maquillaje.= It is prohibited to wear makeupEstá prohibido llevar joyas= It is prohibited to wear jewellery No se permite usar el móvil = It is not permitted to use your mobileNo se permite comer chicle= It is not permitted to eat gum Se debe llegar a tiempo = You must arrive on timegritar en la biblioteca= to shout in the libraryright1016000ESSENTIAL WORDSapellido = surname nombre = namenúmero = numberedad = agedirección = addresscasado = marriedsoltero = singleJOBSun empleo / un trabajo= a joba tiempo completo= full-timea tiempo parcial= part-timeel paro= unemploymentel desempleo= unemploymentel actor / la actriz= actor/actressel alba?il / la alba?ila= the builderel abogado / la abogada= lawyeramo de casa / amo de casa= househusband/wifeel / la aprendiz= apprenticeun aprendizaje= an apprenticeshipel azafato / la azafata= air steward, flight attendantel bombero / la bombera= fire fighterel / la cajero/a= cashierel camarero / la camarera= waiter/waitressel cajero / la cajera= cashierla caja= the cash deskel carpintero / la carpintera= carpenterel carnicero / la carnicera= butcherel cartero / la cartera= post office workerel cocinero / la cocinera= cookel comerciante / la comerciante= shopkeeperel contable / la contable= accountantel dependiente / la dependienta= shop assistantel director / la directora= managerel dise?ador / la dise?adora= designerel ejecutivo / la ejecutiva= executiveel empleado / la empleada= employeeel enfermero la enfermera= nurseel escritor / la escritora= writerel granjero / la granjera= farmer el ingeniero / la ingeniera= engineerel investigador / la investigadora= researcherel jardinero / la jardinera= gardenerel jefe / la jefa= the bossel juez / la juez= judgeel mecánico / la mecánica= mechanicel militar / la militar= the soldier, army employeeel músico / la música= musicianel obrero la obrera= laborerel panadero / la panadera= bakerel peluquero / la peluquera= hairdresser / barberel pintor / la pintora= painterel profesor / la profesora= teacherel médico / la médica= doctorel hombre de negocios= business manla mujer de negocios= business womanel periodista / la periodista= journalistel pintor / la pintora= painterel recepcionista / la recepcionista= receptionistel soldado / la soldada= soldierel ejército= the armyel torero / la torera= bullfighterel traje de luces= bullfighter’s suit (suit of lights)el traductor / la traductora= translatorel veterinario / la veterinaria= vetbuscar trabajo= to look for workencontrar trabajo= to find workun empleo variado= a varied jobbien pagado= well paiduna entrevista= an interviewuna solicitud de trabajo= a job applicationla formación profesional= trainingganar dinero= to earn moneyel sueldo= wageuna ventaja= an advantageuna desventaja= a disadvantageAFTER THE EXAMSVoy a = I am goingQuiero = I want Quisiera = I would likeMe gustaría = I would likeEspero = I hope tocasarse= to get marrieduna boda= a weddingel matrimonio= marriageuna madre soltera= a single mothercriar a mis hijos= to bring up my childrenbuscar un empleo= to look for a jobcomenzar = to startdescansar= to relaxdormir = to sleepencontrar = to findestudiar = to studyir a la Universidad= to go to universityjubilar(se)= to retiremaquillarse = to put make up on (yourself)no hacer nada= to do nothingtomar(se) un a?o libre= to take a year offver = to seeviajar = to travelvisitar = to visitComparisonmás ….. que ….= more … than ….menos…. que ….= less ….. than ….tan ….. como …..= as …… as …..tanto/a(s) ….. como ….= as much / many …. as ……mejor= betterpeor= worsebastante= quitedemasiado= too / too muchFrequencycada día= each daya menudo = oftena veces = sometimesahora = nowanoche = last nightantes = beforeayer = yesterdayanteayer= the day before yesterdaycada (x) días/ horas = every (x) dayscasi= almostde vez en cuando = from time to timedespués = afterel día siguiente= the following dayla semana siguiente= the following weekel a?o siguiente= the following yeardurante = duringesta noche = tonightel fin de semana = the weekendhace (+ time)= (time) agohoy = todaylento= slowma?ana= tomorrownormalmente = normallynunca = nevercasi nunca= almost neverotra vez = againpocas veces = few times, not oftenraramente = rarely, not oftenel pasado= the pastpasado= lastel a?o pasado = last yearpasado ma?ana= the day after tomorrowpor a?o, etc.= per year, etcpor lo general = generallygeneralmente= generallypronto = soonrápido = fastun rato= a whilereciente(mente) = recent(ly)siempre = alwayssiguiente= next, comingel mes siguiente= next month, the coming monthpróximo= nextel mes próximo= next monthsolamente = onlysólo = onlytiempo= timemucho tiempo= a lot of timetarde= lateLA tarde= THE afternoon / eveningtemprano= earlytodas las (semanas)= every (week)todavía = stilltodos los (días) = every (day)últimamente = recentlyuna vez = once (one time)dos veces … etc= twice (two times, etc)Prepositionsa= to / atcon= withde= of / fromen= in / onhacia= towardshasta= untilpara= for / in order topor= for / bysegún= according tosin= withoutFood, drink beber = to drinkcomer = to eatcenar = to have dinnercocinar = to cookdesayunar = to have breakfastpreparar = to prepare, maketener hambre = to be hungry (to have hunger)tener sed = to be thirsty (to have thirst)tomar = to have / to take (food/drink)el aceite = oilel aceite de oliva = olive oiluna aceituna= an oliveel agua mineral = mineral wateragua mineral con gas= sparkling mineral wáteragua mineral sin gas = still mineral waterel ajo = garlicel arroz = ricearroz con leche =rice puddingasado = roastel pollo asado= roast chickenel atún= tunael azúcar= sugarel bacalao = cod (type of fish)una barra de pan = a loaf of breaduna bebida = a drinkel bistec = steakel bocadillo = sandwichun bombón = a sweetun café= a coffeeuna taza de café= a cup of coffeelos calamares = squidun caramelo = a sweetla carne = meatcarne de cerdo =porkcarne de cordero = lambcarne de ternera = vealcarne de vaca = beefuna cebolla = an onionlos cereales = cerealuna cerveza = a beerlos champi?ones = mushroomsel chocolate = chocolate / hot chocolateel chorizo = spicy sausage, salamiuna chuleta = a choplos churros = fritters (popular Spanish breakfast)la cocina = cooking, cuisinela cocina italiana = Italian cooking / cuisineuna col = cabbageuna coliflor = a cauliflowerla comida = foodla comida basura = junk foodla comida rápida = fast foodla comida italiana= Italian foodla comida china= Chinese foodla comida india= Indian foodel cordero= lambel desayuno = breakfastla ensalada = saladlos espaguetis = spaghettiun filete = a steakun flan = a crème caramella fresa = strawberryfrito = friedpatatas fritas = fries, chipsla fruta = fruituna galleta= a biscuitlas gambas = prawnsel gazpacho = gazpacho (Spanish cold soup)la grasa = greaselos guisantes = peasla hamburguesa = hamburgerel helado = ice creamhelado de fresa = strawberry ice cream un huevo = an eggel jamón = hamlas judías verdes = green beans, runner beansla fruta = fruitla galleta= biscuitla grasa= fatla hamburguesa = hamburgerel helado = ice creamla leche = milkuna lechuga = a lettucelas legumbres = vegetables (root vegetables e.g carrot, potato)un limón = a lemonla limonada = lemonadelos mariscos= seafoodla mermelada = jamla mantequilla = butteruna manzana = an appleun melocotón = a peachuna naranja= orangeuna naranjada = an orangeade la nata = creamla paella = paella (Spanish rice dish)el pan = breadla pasta= pastaun pastel = a cakeuna patata= a potatolas patatas fritas = chipsuna pera = a pearel perrito caliente = hot dogel pescado = fish (dead fish)un pez = fish (alive – e.g. a pet fish)la pimienta = pepper (i.e. like salt and pepper)un pimiento = a pepper (as in green or red peppers)una pi?a = a pineappleun plátano = a bananael pollo = chickenel pollo asado= roast chickenpicante = spicyel plato = dish, mealun plato vegetariano = a vegetarian dishel queso = cheeseun refresco= a soft drinkla sopa = soupla sal= saltsalado = saltyuna salchicha = sausageuna salsa= sauceuna sardina = a sardinelas tapas = “tapas”– small snacks you can ahce in Spanish barsla tarta = cake / tartuna taza de té = a cup of teatomar = to have (breakfast / food / drink)un tomate = a tomatola tortilla = omelette la tostada = toastuna uva = a grapeuna vaca= a cowcarne de vaca= beefla vainilla = vanillael vinagre = vinagrevino blanco = white winevino tinto = red winevegetariano/a = vegetarianlas verduras = green vegetablesel yogur = yoghurtel zumo (de naranja) = orange juiceuna zanahoria = a carrotMeals el desayuno = breakfastel almuerzo = lunchla comida = food / lunchla merienda = snackla cena = dinnercenar = to have dinnercomer = to eat / to have lunchla comida rápida = fast foodla comida basura= junk foodESSENTIAL LITTLE WORDS me llamo = I’m calledse llama = she/he is called Illness / BodyTengo dolor de (pierna).= I have a pain in my (leg).Me duele= It hurtsuna enfermedad= an illnessenfermo/a= illla boca= mouthel brazo= armla cabeza= headel corazón= the heartel cuello= necklos dientes= teeth(front)la espalda= backlas muelas= teeth (back)los músculos= the musclesla espalda= the backel estómago= stomachlos huesos= the bonesla garganta= throatuna lesión= an injuryla mano= handla nariz= noseel ojo= eyela oreja= (outer) earel oído= (inner) earla pierna= legel pie= footla piel= skinlos pulmones= the lungsel riesgo de lesiones= the risk of injuriesla rodilla= kneela sangre= the bloodel tobillo= ankleMe siento mal= I feel bad.No me siento bien.= I don’t feel well.Estoy mejor.= I am better.Estoy bien.= I am well.Estoy muy enfermo/a.= I am very ill.sano = healthymalsano = unhealthyuna vida = a lifeuna vida sana = a healthy life Tengo tos.= I have a cough.Tengo gripe.= I have flu.Tengo una insolación.= I have sunstroke.Tengo calor.= I am hot.Tengo frío.= I am cold.Tengo sue?o.= I am sleepy.Tengo hambre.= I am hungry.Tengo sed.= I am thirsty.Tengo diarrea.= I have diarrhoea.Tengo vómitos.= I feel sick.Tengo catarro.= I have a cold.Tengo fiebre.= I have a temperature.Me he cortado el dedo.= I have cut my finger.Me he torcido el tobillo.= I have twisted my ankle.Me he quemado la boca.= I have burnt my mouth.Me he roto la pierna.= I have broken my leg.alcohol and drugsel alcoholismo = alcoholismalcohólico/a = alcoholicla ayuda = helpborracho/a = drunkla calle = streetcansado/a = tiredla cerveza= beercomprar = to buylos consejos= adviceel crimen = crimeel dinero = moneydistinto/a = differentel dolor = the painla droga = drugdrogarse= to take drugslas drogas blandas = soft drugslas drogas duras = hard drugsel/la drogadicto/a = drug addictemborracharse = to get drunkfuera de control= out of controlla inyección = injectionlos jóvenes = young peoplela manera = waymejorar = to improvemuerto/a = deadobtener = to get / to obtainolvidar = to forgetpeor = worsela pérdida del apetito= loss of appetitela pérdida de la memoria= loss of memorypreocupar = to worryprovocar = to cause / to provokela rehabilitación = rehabilitationseropositivo/a = HIV positiveel SIDA= AIDSsin techo = homelessla sociedad = societytener miedo = to be afraidtomar droga= to take drugsun tratamiento= a treatmentel vino = wineel vino blanco= white wine el vino tinto= red wine (you cannot say “vino rojo”)la violencia = violenceFree time and sportel ambiente = atmosphereel alpinismo = climbing, mountaineering un atleta = an athleteel atletismo = athleticsun baile = a dancebailar = to danceel baloncesto = basketballbarato/a= cheapuna bicicleta / una bici = a bikelos bolos= bowlinguna bolera= a bowling alleyel boxeo = boxingun campeón = a championun campeonato = a championshipun campo de fútbol= a football pitchel campeonato = championshipla carrera = racecaro/a= expensivecazar= to huntel ciclismo = cyclingel concurso = the competitionuna copa = a cup, trophycorrer = to runel críquet = cricketel deporte = sportdeportista = sportyuna persona deportista= a sporty personel descanso = break / half-time / intervaldescansar= to relaxdisfrutar = to enjoyla diversión= fun, enjoyment (noun)divertido= fun, entertaining (adjective)una siesta= a snooze / sleepel ejercicio (físico) = (physical) exerciseencontrar = to find / to meetel entrenamiento = trainingel equipo = teamla equitación = horse ridingla escalada = climbingescuchar música = to listen to musicel esquí= skiingel estadio = stadiumel fin de semana = weekendel footing = joggingel fútbol = footballla gimnasia = gymnasticsel gimnasio = the gymun gol = a goalhacer vela= to do sailingir a los toros= to go to the bullfightir al pueblo= to go to the townel juego = the gamelos Juegos Olímpicos = the Olympic Gamesun jugador = a playerjugar a los bolos = to bowl, go bowlingjugar = to playun juguete= a toyla mayoría = majorityuna medalla = a medalmejorar = to improveel monopatín = skateboardla monta?a rusa = roller coastermontar = to ride / to go on a rideel motociclismo= motorbike racingla natación = swimmingnavegar por Internet = to surf the Internetnavegar la red= to surf the netla red= the netel partido = the matchel patinaje = skatingpatinar= to skateun pasatiempo= a hobby, pastimepasear al perro= to walk the dogel parque temático = theme parkpasar (tiempo) = to spend (time)gastar (dinero)= to spend (money)la pesca = fishingir de pesca = to go fishingpescar = to fishperezoso/a= lazyel partido= game / matchel ping-pong = table tennisel piragüismo = canoeinguna raqueta= a racketsalir = to go outsoy aficionado/a = I am a fan el tiempo libre = free timetocar la bactería= to play the drumstocar la guitarra= to play the guitarun torneo = a tournament, competitionla vela = sailingel voleibol = volley balllas zapatillas de deporte = trainerstechnologyun archivo= a filela banda ancha = broadbanduna cámara digital = digital camerachatear = to chat (online)el ciberespacio= cyberspace conectarse = to go on lineuna contrase?a = passwordel correo basura = junk mailun correo= an emaildescargar música= to download musicel juego= gameuna llamada = a callel móvil = mobile navegar en la red = to surf the Internetuna página web= a web page/sitela pantalla= the screenel ratón= the mouseuna sala de chat= a chat roomun sitio web= a websitela videoconsola = games consolemúsicaescuchar= to listentocar un instrumento= to play an instrumenttocar la batería= to play the drumstocar la trompeta= to play the trumpetla música de baile= dance musicun lector de MP3 = a MP3 playerlos auriculares= headphonesmedialos documentales= documentarieslos programas de cocina= cookery programmeslos deportes= sportlos concursos= game showslos programas infantiles= kids programmeslos programas de telerealidad= reality tvlos dibujos animados= cartoonslas tertulias= chat showslas series de policías= police series, crime serieslas películas= filmslas película de acción = action film / thrillerlas películas de guerra= war filmslas película románticas= romantic filmslos anuncios= publicity, advertslas noticias= newslos telediarios= newslos diarios= newspaperslos periódicos= newspaperslas telenovelas= soapslos pronósticos del tiempo= weather forecastslas comedias= comediesdaily routineMe despierto= I wake upMe levanto= I get upMe ducho= I showerMe visto= I get dressedDesayuno= I have breakfastMe lavo los dientes= I clean my teethMe lavo el pelo= I wash my hairMe afeito= I shaveLlego= I arriveSalgo de casa= I leave the houseEmpiezo a trabajar= I start to work Almuerzo= I have lunchVuelvo a casa= I return homeCeno= I have dinnerHago mis deberes= I do my homeworkHago las tareas de la casa= I do the household choresDescanso= I relaxVeo la tele= I watch TVLeo unas revistas= I read some magazinesNavego la red= I surf the netMe acuesto= I go to bedDuermo= I sleepCHORESlas tareas de la casa= household choreshago la cama = I make the bedhago las compras= I do the shoppingplancho la ropa = I iron the clotheslavo la ropa = I wash the clothesvoy de compras = I go shoppinglimpio mi habitación= I clean my roomtrabajo en el jardín = I work in the gardenlavo los platos = I wash the dishespaso la aspiradora = I hooverpreparo la comida= I prepare the foodsaco la basura = I take out the rubbishpongo la mesa = I lay the tablequito la mesa = I clear the tablelavo el coche = I wash the carpaseo al perro = I walk the dogvoy a comprar el pan = I go to buy the breadhago de canguro = I do babysittingdoy de comer al gato / perro= I feed the cat / dogPOCKET MONEYrecibo= I receivegano= I earngasto= I spendla paga= pocket moneyun billete de diez euros= a 10 euro noteMEMBERS OF THE FAMILYla familia= the familylos parientes= relativeslos padres= parentsel padre= the father, dad padre = fatherpapá= dadel matrimonio = marriagela madre= the motherla madre soltera = single motherel hermano= the brother la hermana= the sister hermano menor = younger brotherhermana mayor = older sisterel/la gemelo/a = twinun bebé= a babyla mujer= woman / wifeel marido = husbandabuela = grandmotherabuelo = grandfatherabuelos = grandparentsun hijo= a son una hija= a daughter hijo único = only child (boy)hija única = only child (girl)los hijos = childrenun ni?o = a childnieto= grandson nieta= granddaughter tío= uncle tía= aunt tíos = uncle and auntprima = cousin (female)prima = cousin (male)un sobrino= a nephewuna sobrina= a niecenovia= girlfriendnovio= boyfriendLa situación familiarcasado/a = marrieddivorciado/a = divorcedseparado/a = separatedsolo/a = alonesoltero/a = singlejubilado/a= retiredmuerto/a= deadviudo/a= widow (fem.) / widower (masc.)PETSuna mascota= a petun caballo= a horseuna cobaya= a guinea pigun gato= a catel perro= dogun pez = a fishuna cobaya= a Guinea pigun hámster= a hamster (pronounced as jámster)un caballo= a horseun ratón= a mouse (also for a computer mouse)un conejo= a rabbitun pájaro= a birduna rata = a rat IMPORTANT – un rato= a while i.e. a period of timeuna serpiente= a snakeuna tortuga= a tortoise / turtlebonito= prettycari?oso= affectionatelimpo= cleanruidoso= noisytranquilo= quietphysical descriptionsTiene los ojos azules= He / She has blue eyesTiene los ojos marrones= He / She has brown eyes Tiene los ojos verdes= He / She has green eyesTiene los ojos casta?os= He / She has hazel eyesel pelo rubio= blond hairel pelo casta?o= brown hairel pelo moreno= dark hairel pelo pelirrojo= ginger hairel pelo canoso= grey hairel pelo largo= long hairel pelo liso= smooth hairel pelo rizado= curly hairel pelo corto= short hairTiene el pelo negro= He/ She has black hairTiene el pelo rubio= He/ She has blond hairTiene el pelo marrón= He/ She has brown hairTiene el pelo pelirrojo= He/ She has ginger hairTiene bigote= he has a moustacheTiene barba= he has a beardTiene pecas= He / She has freckleslos ojos azules= blue eyeslos ojos marrones= brown eyeslos ojos verdes= green eyesLleva gafas= He / She wears glassesgrande= biglargo= widepeque?o= smallgente= peoplealto = talldelgado = slimgordo = fatlisto = bright, intelligent bajo = small, shortpeque?o = smallpobre = poorrico = richGreetings and exclamations?Bienvenido!= Welcome!?Buen viaje!= Have a good trip! Bon voyage!?Buena suerte!= Good luck!?Cuidado!= Careful! Look out!?Enhorabuena!= Congratulations!?Feliz A?o Nuevo!= Happy New Year!?Feliz cumplea?os!= Happy birthday!?Feliz Navidad!= Merry Christmas!ow hOWM ow are you?Buenas noches= Good evening / night! (When it is dark)Buenas tardes= Good evening / night! Buenos días= Good day! Good morning!CLOTHESla ropa= clothesllevar= to wearestar de moda= to be in fashionun abrigo= a coatun ba?ador= a swimming costumeuna blusa= a blouselas botas = bootsuna bufanda= scarf (around neck)los calcetines = socksla camisa = shirtla camiseta = t-shirt / football shirtuna chaqueta= a jacketel cinturón = beltcómodo= comfortableuna corbata= a tiela falda = skirtlas gafas de sol= sunglassesla gorra= cap / hatlos guantes = glovesun jersey= a jumperla joyería= jewelleryunas joyas= some jewelsun pantalón= trousersun pantalón corto= shorts, short trouserslos pendientes = earringsun reloj= a watch / a clockunas sandalias= some sandlesun sombrero= a hatuna sudadera= a sweatshirtun traje= a suit/dresslos vaqueros= jeansun vestido= a dressla zapatería= shoe shopunas zapatillas de deporte= some trainerslos zapatos= shoesShopping itemsde lujo= luxurylos electrodomésticos= electrical appliancesun juguete= a toyel maquillaje= make-upun monedero= a purseun paraguas= an umbrellala prensa= the press, the newspapersuna mu?eca = dolluna novela= a novelun ordenador= a conmputerun periódico= a newspaperun regalo= a presentun tebeo = a comicMaterialsde vidrio= made of glassde cuero= made of leatherde lana= made of woolde plata= made of silverde plástico= made of plasticde oro= made of goldel papel= paperBuying clothesQuiero cambiar ... = I want to change …un reembolso= a refundNo funciona= It doesn’t workEs demasiado caro= It’s too expensiveShopsuna tienda = a shop / a tentuna carnicería=a butcher’sun estanco= a tobacconist’s (also sells stamps)la droguería = the drug store (sells cosmetics)la joyería = the jeweller’sla farmacia = the chemist (sells medicine)la floristería= a floristsla frutería = the fruit shopuna heladería= the ice cream parlouruna juguetería= the toy shopla librería = the book shopuna pastelería= a cake shopuna panadería= a bakeryla pescadería = the fishmongersuna perfumería= a perfume shopuna papelería= the stationers, stationery shopuna peluquería= the hairdresser’sla zapatería = the shoe shopuna tienda de comestibles= a grocery storeuna tienda de mascotas= a pet shopun quiosco de periódicos= newspaper standel supermercado = the supermarketIn the department storelos grandes almacenes= department storela caja= the cash deskel cambio= the bureau de changejuguetes= toysimagen y sonido= image and sound (audiovisual department)muebles y decoración= furniture and decorelectrodomésticos= white goods (fridges/ washing machines, etc)moda= fashionagencia de viajes= travel agencypeluquería= hairdresser’srelojería= watch sectionpapelería= stationeryel aparcamiento= the car parkel dependiente= the shop assistantbodas= weddingsflores y regalos = flowers and presents3555005-635000las rebajas= the salesuna oferta= an offerun descuento= a discountel precio= the price un reembolso= a refundprecios locos= mad pricesel recibo= the receiptla publicidad= advertisingFloorsel sótano= basementla planta baja= ground floorla primera planta= the first floorsegunda= secondtercera= thirdcuarta= fourthquinta= fifthsexta = sixthséptima= seventhoctava= eighthnovena= ninthdécima planta= tenth floorPRICE?Cuánto cuesta?= How much does it cost??Cuánto es?= How much is it?barato= cheapcaro= expensivecarísimo= very expensiveHome - TYPESlas afueras= the outskirtsuna ciudad= a cityun pueblo= a townun barrio= an areael centro= the centrela costa= the coastel campo= the countrysideel monte / las monta?as= the mountainsun apartamento= a flat, apartment un bloque moderno= a modern blockun bloque antiguo= an old blockel castillo= the castlela dirección= addressun edificio= a buildingun palacio= a palaceuna granja = a farmun piso= a flat / a flooruna planta= a floor / a plantla planta baja= the ground flooruna habitación= a roomHome - ROOMSmi propio dormitorio= my own roomel aparcamiento= the car park / parkingel ascensor= the liftel ático= the atticuna cancha de tenis= a tennis courtel césped= the lawnuna cocina = kitchenel comedor= dining roomcómodo= comfortableel cuarto de ba?o= the bathroomun cuarto de estar= a living roomel dormitorio= bedroomla ducha= showerla entrada= entrancela escalera= stairsel espacio= spaceuna habitación= a roomel jardín= the gardenla llave= the keyel patio= the patio, yarduna piscina= a swimming poolla puerta= the doorel puerto= the portel salón= the living roomel sótano= the basement, cellarel suelo= the floor, grounduna terraza= terrace (outside area for sitting)una ventana= a windowHome - FURNITUREuna alfombra= a rugel árbol= the treeel armario= the wardrobeel aseo= the toiletla ba?era= the bath tubel ba?o= the bathroom / the bathla butaca= armchairla calefacción= the heatingla cama= the bedel césped= the lawnla cocina eléctrica= the electric cookerla cortina= the curtainel espejo= the mirrorel estéreo= the stereola flor= the flowerel frigorífico= the fridgeel horno= the ovenla lámpara= the lampel lavabo= the washing basinla lavadora= the washing machineel lavaplatos= the dishwasherla librería= bookcase / book shopla llave= the keyla luz= the lightuna manta= a blanketuna máquina= a machineuna mesa= a tableel microondas= microwavelos muebles= furnitureuna nevera= a fridgela papelera= a waste paper binla piscina= the swimming pooluna planta = plantla silla= the chairel sillón= the arm chairel sofá= the sofael teléfono (móvil)= (mobile) phone139207214099800Location and distanceabajo = downstairsal final (de)= at the end ofal lado de= next to, to the side ofaquí= herearriba= upstairsen el centro de = in the centre ofcerca (de)= nearlejos (de)= far (from)contra= againstdebajo (de)= underneath, underdelante (de)= oppositedentro (de)= in, insidea la derecha= to the rightdetrás (de)= behinden las afueras= in the outskirtsencima (de)= above, overenfrente (de)= infront ofentre= betweenel este= the eastel sur= the southel norte= the northel oeste= the westen el fondo= in the backgroundfuera (de)= outsidea la izquierda= to the leftFESTIVALSLa Navidad= ChristmasLa Nochebuena= Christmas Evela Nochevieja = New Year’s Eveuna boda= a weddingla luna de miel= a honeymoonla miel= honeydar= to givedoy= I giveregalos= presentsrezar = to pray rezo en la mezquita= I pray in the mosque peregrinación = pilgrimage cumplea??os = birthdayfiesta = festival, partyuna excursión = a tripEnvironmentel reciclaje= recyclingel reciclaje de botellas= the recycling of bottlesel reciclaje de cartón= the recycling of cardboardel reciclaje de latas= the recycling of cansel reciclaje de papel= the recycling of paperel reciclaje de pilas= the recycling of batteriesel reciclaje de vidrio= the recycling of glassreciclar= to recycleapagar las luces= to turn off the lightsapagar= to turn offencender= to turn oncuidar el planeta= to look after the planetdesaparecer= to disappearla desaparición= the disappearancela lluvia ácida= acid rainuna marea negra= an oil slickel medio ambiente= the enviromentla naturaleza= natureel peligro= the dangerpeligroso= dangerousuna pila= a batteryel planeta= the planetpreocupado= worried, concernedel problema= the problemproteger= to protectHOLIDAY DESTINATIONMe quedo en casa= I stay at homeVoy a un camping= I go to a campsiteVoy a un pueblo= I go to a villageVoy a a la playa= I go the beachVoy a la monta?a= I go to the mountainsVa al campo= She/He goes to the countrysideVamos a la costa= We go to the coastVamos a casa de mis abuelos= We go to my grandparents’ houseel extranjero= abroadvoy al extranjero= I am going abroadfin = endel fin de las vacaciones = the end of the holidays una ciudad= a cityun lago= a lakeel mar= the seala arena= the sandVoy a … = I am going to …Voy al extranjero= I am going abroadAmérica del Sur= South AmericaAmérica Latina= Latin Americalatinoamericano= Latin Americansudamericano= South AmericanAlemania= GermanyChipre= CyprusEscocia= ScotlandEspa?a= SpainFrancia= FranceGales= WalesGran Breta?a= Great BritainGrecia= GreeceInglaterra= EnglandIrlanda= Irelandla isla= the islandLas Islas Británicas= the British IslesLas Islas Canarias= the Canary IslandsItalia= ItalyLos Estados Unidos= USAMarruecos= Morocco el Mediterráneo= the MediterraneanNueva York= New Yorkel país= the countryReino Unido= United KingdomTurquía= TurkeyTRANSPORTel transporte público= public transportVoy a pie= I go on footVoy en coche= I go by carVamos en autobús= we go by busen autobús= by busen tren= by trainen AVE= by high-speed train(AVE is the name of the Spanish high speed train)en tranvía= by tramen metro= by tube, undergrounden taxi= by taxien moto= by motorbikeen autocar= by coachen barco= by boaten camión= by lorryen ferry= by ferryen avión= by plane en globo= by balloona pie = by footandando= by foot, walkingACCOMMODATIONel alojamiento= accommodationme alojé en= I stayed inun hotel de cinco estrellas= a five star hotelun hostal= a cheap hotelen casa de un amigo= in a friend’s houseuna caravana= a caravanun albergue juvenil= a youth hostelun camping= a campsiteel campo= the countrysideuna tienda = tent / a shopuna pensión = a guesthouse, boarding houseun piso= a flatuna habitación = a roomuna habitación individual = a single roomuna habitación sencilla= a single roomuna habitación doble = a twin roomuna habitación de tres camas = a room with with bedsuna cama de matrimonio = a double bedcon ba?o = with a bathcon ducha = with a showercon lavabo = with a sinkcon balcón= with balconycon pensión completa= with full board (ie. all meals)con media pensión = with half boardcon desayuno incluído= with breakfast includedcon gimnasio = with gymcon aire acondicionado= with air conditioningvista al mar= sea viewCOMPLAINTSme quejé= I complaineduna queja= a complainthabía= There was / There werehay= There is / There areno había= There was no / There were nono hay= There is no / There are nopapel higiénico= toilet paperSOUVENIRSun recuerdo= souvenirun abanico= a fan (the sort you use to cool down)una cámara= a cameraunas casta?uelas= castanetsuna crema solar= sun creamla especialidad= the specialityel flamenco= flamenco (dance / music in southern Spain)un folleto= a leafletuna foto(grafía)= a photo(graph)una guía= guidebookla lista (de precios)= the (price) listUN mapa (NOT una)= a mapuna postal= a postcarduna tienda= tentun toro= a bullun vaso= a glassThe WEATHERel clima= the climateel tiempo= the weatherel pronóstico= the forecast?Qué tiempo hace?= What is the weather like?llueve= it is raining, it rainsnieva= it is snowing, it snowsHace calor= The weather is hotHace frío= The weather is coldHace sol= The weather is sunnyHace buen tiempo= The weather is goodHace mal tiempo= The weather is badHace viento= It is windyHace fresco= It is chillyHay tormenta= There is a stormHay nieve= There is snowHay lluvia= There is rainHay niebla= There is fogHay nubes= There are cloudsHay relámpago= There is lighteningHay temperaturas de …= There are temperatures of …Está despejado= It is clear / There are no cloudsEl cielo está despejado= the sky is clearEstá nublado= It is cloudyTengo calor= I am hot (literally it means = I have heat)Tengo frío= I am cold (literally it means = I have cold) ................
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