Sports Medicine - Deer Valley Unified School District
Sports MedicineUnit 14 Head/FaceHead and Spinal InjuriesAny injury to the head or spine is very seriousA head trauma Can even send a fragment of the skull into the brain Spinal injuries are very seriousCan be _______________________________Spinal cord Serves as the communication pathway between the brain and the rest of the bodySports that carry a higher risk of neck injury Ice hockeyBasketball Extreme sports Nervous systemThe main components:___________, cranial nerves, ____________, spinal nerves and peripheral nerves System is highly organized and intricateCoordinating and regulating the body’s many responses to internal and/or external environmental changes Basic structural unit of the nervous system is the nerve cell, or neuronThe neuron causes the body to react to its environmentNervous System Divisions________________________ (CNS) _________________________ (PNS)CNSThe central nervous system Consists of the brain and spinal cordThe brainSurrounded by a protective barrier of membranes called meninges Parts of the brain include:Ventricles MidbrainPonsMedulla oblongataSpinal cord Attached to medulla oblongata of the brain and continues down to the first or second lumbar vertebrae of the backProtected by the vertebrae, cerebrospinal fluid, and meninges Spinal cord’s two major functions are: Connect body parts to the brainPNS Responsible for gathering information and carries the response signals to and from the central nervous system Composed of the nerves located outside the brain and spinal cord System is subdivided into the somatic and autonomic nervous systemTwo divisions of the peripheral nervous system: Sympathetic nervous systemParasympathetic nervous systemEvaluating a head/spine injuryIf an athlete is down and unconsciousAlways treat the athlete as if he or she has a possible head or spinal injury Concussions Sudden jerks of the head and neck can also produce concussions Causes immediate symptoms_____________________________________________ resulting from swelling at the point of contact Post concussive symptomsAny loss of consciousnessPersistent low-grade headache _____________ amnesiaNo memory of the time immediately before the injury_________________ amnesiaNo memory of being injured or of the time immediately before the injurySleepiness Slurred or incoherent speechIrritabilityAnxiety, depressionRinging in the earsVacant stare and disorientationNausea and/or vomiting____________ do not react evenly to light or are unresponsiveConcussion testingStandard Assessment of ConcussionSPORTSecond impact syndromeSecond impact syndromeSecond concussion is received ______________ signs and symptoms of 1st concussion is resolved.Second impact may be relatively minimal and not involve contact w/ the craniumLife threateningSigns of InjuryOften athlete does not LOC and may looked stunnedW/in 15 seconds to several minutes of injury athlete’s condition degrades rapidlyDilated pupils, loss of eye movement, LOC leading to coma, and respiratory failureCareLife-threatening injury that must be addressed w/in 5 minutes w/ life saving measures performed at an emergency facilityBest management is prevention from the ATC’s perspectiveReturn to playNATA recommendations, any concussion is referred to a physician*Athlete is cleared when asymptomatic for 1 week*All return to play should be gradualHematoma_____________ hematomaCause of InjuryBlow to head or skull fracture which tear meningeal arteriesBlood pressure, blood accumulation and creation of hematoma occur rapidly (minutes to hours)Signs of InjuryLOC followed by period of lucidity, showing few signs and symptoms of serious head injuryGradual progression of S&SHead pains, dizziness, nausea, dilation of one pupil (same side as injury), deterioration of consciousness, neck rigidity, depression of pulse and respiration, and convulsionCareRequires urgent neurosurgical care; CT is necessary for diagnosisMust relieve pressure to avoid disability or death______________ hematomaCause of InjuryResult of acceleration/deceleration forces that tear vessels that bridge dura mater and brainVenous bleeding (simple hematoma may result in little to no damage to cerebellum while more complicated bleed can damage cortex)Signs of InjuryAthlete may experience LOC, dilation of one pupilSigns of headache, dizziness, nausea or sleepinessCareImmediate medical attentionCT or MRI is necessary to determine extent of injuryInjuries to the ear Swimmer’s earRupture of the tympanic membraneForeign bodies in the earInjuries to the eyes Corneal abrasions or lacerationsRetinal detachmentForeign bodies and embedded objectsFracturesOrbital roof and blowout StyHyphemaRuptured globeContact lens complicationsInjuries to the noseNosebleeds Nasal septal deviationNasal septal hematoma Injuries to the mouth and jawTemporomandibular joint dislocationJaw fracturesDislocations and fractures of the teethExposed nerve ................
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