HUMAN BIOLOGY - MODULE ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

HUMAN BIOLOGY - MODULE ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

Student Manual

HLT42015 HLT52015 HLTAAP002 HLTMSG002

CERTIFICATE IV IN MASSAGE THERAPY DIPLOMA OF REMEDIAL MASSAGE Confirm physical health status Assess client massage needs

Human Biology V16.08 .au 1300 880 885

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? Evolve College Pty Ltd, 2016 This document is copyright. This document may not, in whole or in part, and in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, micro copying, photocopying, recording or otherwise) be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted without prior written permission.

Human Biology-Module Anatomy & Physiology ? Evolve College Pty Ltd 2016

EVOLVE COLLEGE

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CONTENT

Assessment .............................................................................................................................................................................. 8 Practical Assessment...............................................................................................................................................8

1. Introduction to Human Biology...........................................................................................................................................9 1.1 Definitions ........................................................................................................................................................................9 Anatomy & Physiology ...........................................................................................................................................9 Complementarity of Structure and Function................................................................................................9 1.2 Fields of Study of Anatomy and Physiology .................................................................................................... 10 Anatomy:................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Physiology: ............................................................................................................................................................... 11 1.3 Characteristics of Life ............................................................................................................................................... 11 1.4 Introduction to the Levels of Organisation in the Body ............................................................................. 13

2. Body Chemicals ....................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Chemical Level (Level One) ........................................................................................................................................... 15 Chemicals .................................................................................................................................................................. 15 Chemical elements in the Human Body........................................................................................................ 16 Chemical Reactions (Changes = Charge)...................................................................................................... 16 Chemical Compounds .......................................................................................................................................... 18 Inorganic Compounds ......................................................................................................................................... 19 Acid/ Base Balance (the concept of pH)....................................................................................................... 20 Heat Production ..................................................................................................................................................... 20

3. Cellular Level (Level Two).................................................................................................................................................. 22 Cellular Level (Level Two) ............................................................................................................................................. 22 Cells 22 Cell Theory ............................................................................................................................................................... 22 Basic Model of a Cell............................................................................................................................................. 23 Specialisation of Function.................................................................................................................................. 24 Cell Structure........................................................................................................................................................... 25 Cell Activities........................................................................................................................................................... 28 Basic Constituents of a Cell................................................................................................................................ 29

4. Tissue Level (Level Three) ................................................................................................................................................. 31 1. Epithelial Tissue ............................................................................................................................................... 31 2. Connective Tissue............................................................................................................................................ 32

Bone Tissue .......................................................................................................................................................................... 34 Stages of Bone Growth..................................................................................................................................................... 34 Bone Regeneration and Remodelling ........................................................................................................................ 35 Remodelling ......................................................................................................................................................................... 35

Abnormal Bone Growth & Healing ................................................................................................................. 36

Human Biology-Module Anatomy & Physiology ? Evolve College Pty Ltd 2016

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3. Muscular Tissue................................................................................................................................................ 37 Structural Organisation of Skeletal Muscle ............................................................................................................. 38

Levels of Functional Organisation of a Muscle Fibre .............................................................................. 39 Muscle Contraction - The Sliding Filament Theory ................................................................................. 40 youtube videos ? such as Muscle Contraction Process: Molecular Mechanism ................................................ 40 Sliding of the actin filament during muscle contraction ....................................................................... 40 Motor Unit ................................................................................................................................................................ 42 Muscle Proprioceptors ........................................................................................................................................ 43 A classic Reflex Arc ? The Patellar Tendon Reflex (knee jerk reflex) .............................................. 44 4. Nervous Tissue ................................................................................................................................................. 45 5. Organ Level (Level Four) ................................................................................................................................................ 46 6. Organ System Level (Level Five) ................................................................................................................................. 47 Skeletal System....................................................................................................................................................... 47 The Skeletal System.............................................................................................................................................. 47 Muscular System.................................................................................................................................................... 49 Cardiovascular system ........................................................................................................................................ 53 Lymphatic System ................................................................................................................................................. 57 The Lymphatic System ........................................................................................................................................ 59 Nervous System...................................................................................................................................................... 60 Endocrine system .................................................................................................................................................. 63 Integumentary System (Skin) .......................................................................................................................... 68 Respiratory System............................................................................................................................................... 70 Digestive System.................................................................................................................................................... 72 Urinary System (Excretory System) .............................................................................................................. 75 Immune System...................................................................................................................................................... 75 Reproductive System ........................................................................................................................................... 76 Special Senses - smell, taste, vision, equilibrium and hearing ............................................................ 79 7. Organism Level (Level Six) ............................................................................................................................................ 87 Maintaining Life ..................................................................................................................................................... 87 Maintenance of Boundaries............................................................................................................................... 87 Movement................................................................................................................................................................. 87 Responsiveness ...................................................................................................................................................... 87 Digestion ................................................................................................................................................................... 88 Metabolism and Growth ..................................................................................................................................... 88 Excretion ................................................................................................................................................................... 88 Reproduction........................................................................................................................................................... 88 Transport .................................................................................................................................................................. 89 Respiration............................................................................................................................................................... 89 Survival Needs ........................................................................................................................................................ 89 Homeostasis............................................................................................................................................................. 90

Human Biology-Module Anatomy & Physiology ? Evolve College Pty Ltd 2016

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8. Medical Terminology........................................................................................................................................................ 91 Competencies ...................................................................................................................................................................... 91 Objectives .............................................................................................................................................................................. 91 Key Terms ............................................................................................................................................................................. 91 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................... 92 Fundamentals of Medical Terminology .................................................................................................................... 92 Common Prefixes................................................................................................................................................... 94 Common Root Words........................................................................................................................................... 95 Common Suffixes ................................................................................................................................................... 96 Abbreviations.......................................................................................................................................................... 97 Terms Related to Diagnosis and Diseases................................................................................................... 97 General Structural Plan of the Body........................................................................................................................... 99 Anatomical Position ...........................................................................................................................................101 Midline of the Body.............................................................................................................................................101 Fundamental Divisions of the Body .............................................................................................................102 Abdominal Quadrants and Regions .............................................................................................................104 Body Regions.........................................................................................................................................................105

9. Directional Terms.................................................................................................................................................................108 10. Body Planes ..........................................................................................................................................................................112

Body Cavities .........................................................................................................................................................115 Medical Imaging Devices ..............................................................................................................................................116 Summary .............................................................................................................................................................................117 11. Physical Health Status......................................................................................................................................................118

Introduction to primary health care............................................................................................................118 Initial observations .............................................................................................................................................118 Questioning client ...............................................................................................................................................120 Documentation .....................................................................................................................................................122 Factors impacting on health problems.......................................................................................................123 Social and economic status..............................................................................................................................123 Physical environment ........................................................................................................................................124 Individual characteristics.................................................................................................................................124 12. Identify variation from normal physical health status.......................................................................................125 Actual or potential problems regarding health status .........................................................................126 Culture......................................................................................................................................................................127 Checking health status.......................................................................................................................................127 Significance of physical health status..........................................................................................................128 Referring clients with serious health problems .....................................................................................129 Need for emergency response........................................................................................................................129 Referring for hospital treatment...................................................................................................................130 Referring children ...............................................................................................................................................130

Human Biology-Module Anatomy & Physiology ? Evolve College Pty Ltd 2016

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