Biology Lesson # 1 Worksheet



Biology Lesson # 1 Worksheet – The Microscope

Name:

1. How has the microscope changed over time?

2. Explain the difference between magnification and resolution in microscopy.

3. Explain the importance of contrast in microscopy.

4. What two things can you do to create contrast when you use a compound light microscope to study a specimen?

5. What details of the microscope would you need to know to determine the total magnification of the system?

6. Determine the total magnification of a microscope with an objective lens of 100x and an ocular lens of 10x.

7. Determine the total magnification of a microscope with an objective lens of 4x and an ocular lens of 10x.

8. Determine the total magnification of a microscope with an objective lens of 40x and an ocular lens of 10x.

9. Explain why a cell biologist would choose to use an electron microscope rather than a light microscope. When would a light microscope be preferred?

10. Explain how a microscope may be used to assess human health.

Biology Lesson # 2 Worksheet – Animal & Plant Cells

Name:

1. What is an organelle?

2. What is the difference between the function of the vacuole and the vesicle?

3. Describe the relationship between the functions of the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus.

4. State two similarities and two differences between plant and animal cells.

5. What are the three postulates (statements) of cell theory?

6. Why are cells considered to be the “building block” of life?

7. Explain why you would expect the cells of a desert plant, such as a cactus, to have thickened cell walls.

8. What is the difference in the number of mitochondria between the leg cells in a teenage boy and an elderly man? Explain your rationale.

9. What is the difference between the type of energy stored in animals and plant cells?

10. Why do plants and animal cells have some of the same organelles? Describe a few of these organelles to aid in your explanation.

11. For a cell to be able to perform life processes, it must be able to move materials in and out of the cell. Explain how substances tend to move across the cell membrane.

Biology Lesson # 3 Worksheet – The Life of Cells

Name:

1. What is the purpose of the cell cycle?

2. What is mitosis, and why is it important in the cell?

3. Define and distinguish between the following terms: chromatin, chromosome, centromere, chromatids.

4. What happens during cytokinesis?

5. What is one difference between cell division in plant and animal cells?

6. A certain antibiotic affects cells by preventing the formation of spindle fibres. Explain how this drug would affect mitosis in cells.

7. Use the table to the right to explain the difference between the frequency of mitosis in sperm cells compared to bone cells.

8. The nerve cells in our bodies rarely undergo mitosis. Use this information to explain why complete recovery from injuries to our nervous system may not occur.

9. Outline the events of each part of the cell cycle in a table labelled like the one below.

| |What Happens? |Details |

|G1 phase | | |

|S phase | | |

|G2 phase | | |

|Mitosis | | |

|Cytokinesis | | |

Biology Lesson # 4 Worksheet – The Death of Cells & Cancer

Name:

1. What is the difference between apoptosis and necrosis?

2. What is a cancer cell and how do they differ from normal cells. Give three differences. What is one similarity?

3. A drug used in chemotherapy causes chromosomes to move incorrectly during mitosis. As a result, the daughter cells that are produced have either too much or too little genetic information. Predict why this treatment causes the cancer cells to die.

4. Sunscreens protect your skin by blocking types of ultraviolet radiation. Explain why the Canadian Cancer Society advises Canadians to apply sunscreen.

5. Suggest reasons why cancer researchers may be interested in using their learning about the processes of cell division to develop new forms of cancer prevention and treatment.

6. What is the difference between the cell division in the two cells below?

Biology Lesson # 5 Worksheet – Specialized Cells

Name:

1. Define the term “regeneration” and give examples of regeneration in animals.

2. Predict two social, political, or economic implications that would result if organ regeneration were possible for every organ in your body.

3. What are some advantages and disadvantages of cell specialization?

4. Define the term “stem cell.”

5. Compare and contrast embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells.

6. State one practical use of stem cell research.

7. What are meristematic cells, and how are they different from adult stem cells.

Biology Lesson # 6 Worksheet – Plants – Tissues, Organs & Systems

Name:

1. Explain how cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems are related.

2. What are four types of plant tissues?

a)

b)

c)

d)

3. What is the role of epidermal tissue?

4. What is the difference between the types of vascular tissue?

5. What are three functions of the roots?

6. Explain the process of photosynthesis.

7. How does sexual reproduction occur in flowers?

8. Why is ground tissue in all plant organs?

9. Give a reason why plants have only a few organs while animals have many organs.

10. Describe how water gets from the soil throughout the entire plant.

11. What changes in plants happen when daylight hours increase?

12. What changes in plants happen when it is very hot outside?

13. Match each item with the correct leaf structure below.

cuticle

stomata

xylem

mesophyll

guard cells

vascular tissue

phloem

epidermal tissue

Biology Lesson # 7 Worksheet – Animals – Tissues, Organs & Systems

Name:

1. What are four types of animal tissues?

2. The muscles in the heart are said to be “involuntary.” What does this mean?

3. Why is nervous tissue important?

4. What tissue in the skin provides a layer of protection?

5. What is the main function of the respiratory system?

6. What occurs during gas exchange?

7. What is the main function of the circulatory system?

8. Why do the respiratory system and circulatory system work together?

9. What is the difference between arteries and veins?

10. What are the 4 parts of blood, and what is their function?

11. What is the main function of the digestive system?

12. Where does physical digestion take place, and where does chemical digestion take place?

13. What is absorbed in the small intestine compared to the large intestine?

14. How does the excretory system eliminate wastes?

15. What is the difference between the digestive system and the excretory system?

16. What are the two layers of skin?

17. Look at the organs and job descriptions given in the following table. Match each organ to its proper job.

18. Match each item with the correct skin structure below.

nerve

blood vessels

sweat gland

hair

epidermis

sweat pore

dermis

muscle

Biology Lesson # 8 – Body Systems & Health

Name:

1. Define the term “homeostasis.” Why is it important for your body to maintain this state?

2. Explain, using an example, how organ systems function in an interdependent way.

3. Describe two ways in which doctors can obtain information about the health of your organs during a routine physical examination.

4. What information can be gained from analysis of a blood sample?

5. Name and describe the most common form of medical imaging.

6. Compare and contrast the technologies of X-ray and ultrasound.

7. What are some limitations with the use of X-ray technology?

8. Why is ultrasound not an appropriate choice for imaging the bowel?

9. What type of imaging is used to monitor the position and development of the fetus, and why is this imaging chosen?

10. Why are parts of your body covered when you are exposed to X-rays?

11. Medical imaging is used to detect cancer and other diseases. Explain why everyone does not receive regular medical imaging as a form of preventative medicine. Give two reasons in your answer.

12. Name several vaccines that are routinely administered in Ontario.

13. Define and explain the importance of the HPV vaccine.

14. How are HIV and AIDS related?

15. What is cloning?

16. Explain how plants are cloned.

17. Define the term “xenotransplantation”.

18. Describe the two reproductive technologies.

19. What are some of the social and ethical issues surrounding the use of reproductive technology?

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