Testing mediation using bootstrapping in SPSS

Testing mediation using bootstrapping in SPSS

To fully understand the following procedures read these key papers

Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical Mediation Analysis in the New Millennium. Communication Monographs, 76(4), 408-420. doi: 10.1080/03637750903310360 Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 36, 717-731. Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7(4), 422-445. MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002). A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological Methods, 7(1), 83-104.

This is an interactive PDF - if you are viewing this on a computer connected to the internet: the hypertext links (blue underlined) should take you to the relevant site. Access the relevant datafile by clicking on the link - if you are reading this off a hardcopy: Really??? How old school...well I guess you'll need to boot up the old machine to run the analyses anyway so you may as well open this PDF on screen and access the links (see instructions above)

Created by Natalie J. Loxton

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Testing mediation using bootstrapping in SPSS

The macros used in this tipsheet can be found at the following website



Also see Hayes's Facebook page (oh, as if you aren't on Facebook.....)

Created by Natalie J. Loxton

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Testing mediation using bootstrapping in SPSS

For this example we will use the Sobel Macro

Download the SPSS macro to your computer You should also download the documentation (sobel.pdf) for additional information Also note as stated on the website that another Macro "INDIRECT.SPS" will also perform the same analysis unless you need to estimate a model with dichotomous outcome. However, for this exercise we will use this macro. Also note that this version of the macro does not work in SPSS ver 18 (unless you have all the patches). The older version (sobel_SPSS) does work in ver 18 though.

Created by Natalie J. Loxton

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Testing mediation using bootstrapping in SPSS

Let's test this model

The dataset can be accessed HERE Note the variable names that map onto the SPSS file

Also recall the mediation conventions (from Baron and Kenny, 1986)

Path a = IV to MedV Path b = MedV to DV, controlling for the IV (when multiplied together these are the INDIRECT effect) Path c = IV to DV (aka the TOTAL effect) Path c' = IV to DV, controlling for the MedV (aka the DIRECT effect)

Total effects = Indirect effect + Direct effect

Created by Natalie J. Loxton

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Testing mediation using bootstrapping in SPSS

1) Run the Macro (Sobel)

Macros are very similar to syntax files and are run as such: Open the file via the "Open Syntax" option

Make sure to select the file "sobel.SPS"

This is the file you downloaded from the Hayes website

Created by Natalie J. Loxton

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