Abstract - UCL Discovery - UCL Discovery
Epistemic petrification and the restoration of epistemic trust: A new conceptualization of borderline personality disorder and its psychosocial treatmentPeter FonagyUniversity College LondonPatrick LuytenKU LeuvenElizabeth AllisonUniversity College LondonPeter Fonagy, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, UK; Patrick Luyten, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium and Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, UK; Elizabeth Allison, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, UK.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Peter Fonagy, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.E-mail: p.fonagy@ucl.ac.ukAbstractA new developmental model of BPD and its treatment is advanced based on evolutionary considerations concerning the role of attachment, mentalizing, and epistemic trust in the development of psychopathology. We propose that vulnerability to psychopathology in general is related to impairments in epistemic trust, leading to disruptions in the process of salutogenesis, the positive effects associated with the capacity to benefit from the social environment. BPD is perhaps the disorder par excellence that illustrates this view. We argue that this conceptualization makes sense of the presence of both marked rigidity and instability in BPD, and has far-reaching implications for intervention. IntroductionThere is growing consensus among researchers that adequate understanding of personality disorders cannot be achieved without the incorporation of a developmental perspective PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UYWNrZXR0PC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwOTwvWWVhcj48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=
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UYWNrZXR0PC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwOTwvWWVhcj48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=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Cicchetti, 2014; Cicchetti & Crick, 2009; Shiner, 2009; Tackett, Balsis, Oltmanns, & Krueger, 2009; Tackett & Sharp, 2014; Widiger, De Clercq, & De Fruyt, 2009). To this end, recent personality disorder research has focused on developmental issues with relevance for multiple personality disorder constructs, including reward processing ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>White</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>17201</RecNum><DisplayText>(White et al., 2014)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>17201</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">17201</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>White, S. F.</author><author>Clanton, R.</author><author>Brislin, S. J.</author><author>Meffert, H.</author><author>Hwang, S.</author><author>Sinclair, S.</author><author>Blair, R. J.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Reward: Empirical contribution: Temporal discounting and conduct disorder in adolescents</title><secondary-title>Journal of Personality Disorders</secondary-title><alt-title>Journal of personality disorders</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Pers Disord</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of personality disorders</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>J Pers Disord</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of personality disorders</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>5-18</pages><volume>28</volume><number>1</number><edition>2013/12/19</edition><keywords><keyword>Adolescent</keyword><keyword>Adolescent Behavior</keyword><keyword>Case-Control Studies</keyword><keyword>Choice Behavior/*physiology</keyword><keyword>*Conduct Disorder</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Reinforcement Schedule</keyword><keyword>*Reward</keyword><keyword>Severity of Illness Index</keyword><keyword>Task Performance and Analysis</keyword><keyword>Time Factors</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2014</year><pub-dates><date>Feb</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1943-2763 (Electronic)
0885-579X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>24344883</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;(White et al., 2014), stress responses PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UYWNrZXR0PC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxNDwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UYWNrZXR0PC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxNDwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Tackett et al., 2014), emotion regulation PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HcmF0ejwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTQ8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HcmF0ejwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTQ8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Gratz et al., 2014) and social cognition ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Sharp</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>17204</RecNum><DisplayText>(Sharp & Vanwoerden, 2014)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>17204</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">17204</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Sharp, C.</author><author>Vanwoerden, S.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Social cognition: Empirical contribution: The developmental building blocks of psychopathic traits: revisiting the role of theory of mind</title><secondary-title>Journal of Personality Disorders</secondary-title><alt-title>Journal of personality disorders</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Pers Disord</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of personality disorders</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>J Pers Disord</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of personality disorders</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>78-95</pages><volume>28</volume><number>1</number><edition>2013/12/19</edition><keywords><keyword>Adolescent</keyword><keyword>Antisocial Personality Disorder/*psychology</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>*Cognition</keyword><keyword>Empathy</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Personality Assessment</keyword><keyword>*Personality Development</keyword><keyword>Phenotype</keyword><keyword>Psychiatric Status Rating Scales</keyword><keyword>Psychopathology</keyword><keyword>*Social Behavior</keyword><keyword>*Theory of Mind</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2014</year><pub-dates><date>Feb</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1943-2763 (Electronic)
0885-579X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>24344889</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;(Sharp & Vanwoerden, 2014). Over recent years there has been increasing interest in the emergence of borderline personality disorder PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BcmVuczwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTM8L1llYXI+PFJl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=
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BcmVuczwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTM8L1llYXI+PFJl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=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Arens et al., 2013; Bornovalova, Hicks, Iacono, & McGue, 2013; Chanen & McCutcheon, 2013; Stepp, Olino, Klein, Seeley, & Lewinsohn, 2013) and evidence to suggest that the disorder may have roots in early development is accumulating PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Hb29kbWFuPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMzwvWWVhcj48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 EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Hb29kbWFuPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMzwvWWVhcj48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 EN.CITE.DATA (Goodman, Patel, Oakes, Matho, & Triebwasser, 2013; Lopez-Castroman et al., 2013; Perroud et al., 2013; Siever, 2008). In this paper, building on earlier work on the significance of attachment and mentalization for the development of BPD PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BbGxlbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDg8L1llYXI+PFJl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==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BbGxlbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDg8L1llYXI+PFJl
Y051bT4xMDc0NzwvUmVjTnVtPjxQcmVmaXg+c2VlIDwvUHJlZml4PjxEaXNwbGF5VGV4dD4oc2Vl
IEFsbGVuLCBGb25hZ3ksICZhbXA7IEJhdGVtYW4sIDIwMDg7IEZvbmFneSAmYW1wOyBMdXl0ZW4s
IDIwMDk7IEZvbmFneSAmYW1wOyBMdXl0ZW4sIGluIHByZXNzOyBGb25hZ3ksIEx1eXRlbiwgJmFt
cDsgU3RyYXRoZWFybiwgMjAxMSk8L0Rpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MTA3
NDc8L3JlYy1udW1iZXI+PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSJwdHBhMHY5
YTc1emZmNmU5enB0cGRzcnV2dng5cDB0cmR3YTIiPjEwNzQ3PC9rZXk+PC9mb3JlaWduLWtleXM+
PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkJvb2siPjY8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+
PGF1dGhvcj5BbGxlbiwgSi4gRy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkZvbmFneSwgUC48L2F1dGhvcj48
YXV0aG9yPkJhdGVtYW4sIEEuIFcuPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjx0
aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPk1lbnRhbGl6aW5nIGluIGNsaW5pY2FsIHByYWN0aWNlPC90aXRsZT48L3Rp
dGxlcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAwODwveWVhcj48L2RhdGVzPjxwdWItbG9jYXRpb24+V2FzaGlu
Z3RvbiwgREM8L3B1Yi1sb2NhdGlvbj48cHVibGlzaGVyPkFtZXJpY2FuIFBzeWNoaWF0cmljIFB1
Ymxpc2hpbmc8L3B1Ymxpc2hlcj48dXJscz48L3VybHM+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjxDaXRlPjxB
dXRob3I+Rm9uYWd5PC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwOTwvWWVhcj48UmVjTnVtPjExNTAyPC9SZWNO
dW0+PHJlY29yZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj4xMTUwMjwvcmVjLW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxr
ZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9InB0cGEwdjlhNzV6ZmY2ZTl6cHRwZHNydXZ2eDlwMHRyZHdhMiI+
MTE1MDI8L2tleT48L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xl
Ij4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPkZvbmFneSwgUC48
L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkx1eXRlbiwgUC48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRv
cnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5SZXNlYXJjaCBEZXBhcnRtZW50IG9mIENsaW5pY2FsLCBFZHVjYXRp
b25hbCBhbmQgSGVhbHRoIFBzeWNob2xvZ3ksIFVuaXZlcnNpdHkgQ29sbGVnZSBMb25kb24sIEdv
d2VyIFN0cmVldCwgTG9uZG9uIFdDMUUgNkJULCBVSy4gcC5mb25hZ3lAdWNsLmFjLnVrPC9hdXRo
LWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+QSBkZXZlbG9wbWVudGFsLCBtZW50YWxpemF0aW9uLWJh
c2VkIGFwcHJvYWNoIHRvIHRoZSB1bmRlcnN0YW5kaW5nIGFuZCB0cmVhdG1lbnQgb2YgYm9yZGVy
bGluZSBwZXJzb25hbGl0eSBkaXNvcmRlcjwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5EZXZlbG9w
bWVudCBhbmQgUHN5Y2hvcGF0aG9sb2d5PC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5EZXZl
bG9wbWVudCBhbmQgcHN5Y2hvcGF0aG9sb2d5PC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PHBlcmlvZGlj
YWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+RGV2IFBzeWNob3BhdGhvbDwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPkRldmVs
b3BtZW50IGFuZCBwc3ljaG9wYXRob2xvZ3k8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJp
b2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkRldiBQc3ljaG9wYXRob2w8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5E
ZXZlbG9wbWVudCBhbmQgcHN5Y2hvcGF0aG9sb2d5PC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48
cGFnZXM+MTM1NS04MTwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT4yMTwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+NDwvbnVtYmVy
PjxlZGl0aW9uPjIwMDkvMTAvMTU8L2VkaXRpb24+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFmZmVjdDwv
a2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Cb3JkZXJsaW5lIFBlcnNvbmFsaXR5IERpc29yZGVyL2V0aW9sb2d5
Lypwc3ljaG9sb2d5Lyp0aGVyYXB5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNvZ25pdGlvbjwva2V5d29y
ZD48a2V5d29yZD5FbW90aW9uczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+SW50ZXJwZXJzb25hbCBSZWxhdGlvbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U2VsZiBDb25j
ZXB0PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlRoZW9yeSBvZiBNaW5kPC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+
PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMDk8L3llYXI+PHB1Yi1kYXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5GYWxsPC9kYXRlPjwvcHVi
LWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MTQ2OS0yMTk4IChFbGVjdHJvbmljKSYjeEQ7MDk1NC01Nzk0
IChMaW5raW5nKTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT4xOTgyNTI3MjwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48
d29yay10eXBlPlJldmlldzwvd29yay10eXBlPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRw
Oi8vd3d3Lm5jYmkubmxtLm5paC5nb3YvcHVibWVkLzE5ODI1MjcyPC91cmw+PC9yZWxhdGVkLXVy
bHM+PC91cmxzPjxlbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT4xMC4xMDE3L1MwOTU0NTc5NDA5OTkw
MTk4PC9lbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT48bGFuZ3VhZ2U+ZW5nPC9sYW5ndWFnZT48L3Jl
Y29yZD48L0NpdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Gb25hZ3k8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFy
PjxSZWNOdW0+MTY0MDk8L1JlY051bT48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjE2NDA5PC9yZWMtbnVt
YmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0icHRwYTB2OWE3NXpmZjZlOXpw
dHBkc3J1dnZ4OXAwdHJkd2EyIj4xNjQwOTwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBu
YW1lPSJCb29rIFNlY3Rpb24iPjU8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1
dGhvcj5Gb25hZ3ksIFAuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5MdXl0ZW4sIFAuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhv
cj5TdHJhdGhlYXJuLCBMLjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LWF1dGhvcnM+PGF1
dGhvcj5ILiBFLiBGaXR6Z2VyYWxkPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5LLiBQdXVyYTwvYXV0aG9yPjxh
dXRob3I+TS4gVG9tbGluc29uPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5QLiBDYW1wYmVsbDwvYXV0aG9yPjwv
c2Vjb25kYXJ5LWF1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+TWVudGFsaXph
dGlvbiBhbmQgdGhlIHJvb3RzIG9mIGJvcmRlcmxpbmUgcGVyc29uYWxpdHkgZGlzb3JkZXIgaW4g
aW5mYW5jeTwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5JbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsIHBlcnNwZWN0aXZl
cyBvbiBjaGlsZHJlbiBhbmQgbWVudGFsIGhlYWx0aDwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVz
PjxwYWdlcz4xMjktMTUzPC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjE8L3ZvbHVtZT48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAx
MTwveWVhcj48L2RhdGVzPjxwdWItbG9jYXRpb24+U2FudGEgQmFyYmFyYSwgQ0E8L3B1Yi1sb2Nh
dGlvbj48cHVibGlzaGVyPkFCQy1DTElPPC9wdWJsaXNoZXI+PHVybHM+PC91cmxzPjwvcmVjb3Jk
PjwvQ2l0ZT48Q2l0ZT48QXV0aG9yPkZvbmFneTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPmluIHByZXNzPC9ZZWFy
PjxSZWNOdW0+MTY3OTc8L1JlY051bT48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjE2Nzk3PC9yZWMtbnVt
YmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0icHRwYTB2OWE3NXpmZjZlOXpw
dHBkc3J1dnZ4OXAwdHJkd2EyIj4xNjc5Nzwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBu
YW1lPSJCb29rIFNlY3Rpb24iPjU8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1
dGhvcj5Gb25hZ3ksIFA8L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkx1eXRlbiwgUC48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhv
cnM+PHNlY29uZGFyeS1hdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+RGFudGUgQ2ljY2hldHRpPC9hdXRob3I+PC9z
ZWNvbmRhcnktYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5BIG11bHRpbGV2
ZWwgcGVyc3BlY3RpdmUgb24gdGhlIGRldmVsb3BtZW50IG9mIGJvcmRlcmxpbmUgcGVyc29uYWxp
dHkgZGlzb3JkZXI8L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+RGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQgYW5kIHBzeWNo
b3BhdGhvbG9neTwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRp
dGxlPkRldiBQc3ljaG9wYXRob2w8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5EZXZlbG9wbWVudCBhbmQg
cHN5Y2hvcGF0aG9sb2d5PC9hYmJyLTE+PC9wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxlZGl0aW9uPjNyZDwvZWRpdGlv
bj48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+aW4gcHJlc3M8L3llYXI+PC9kYXRlcz48cHViLWxvY2F0aW9uPk5ldyBZ
b3JrLCBOWTwvcHViLWxvY2F0aW9uPjxwdWJsaXNoZXI+Sm9obiBXaWxleSAmYW1wOyBTb25zPC9w
dWJsaXNoZXI+PHVybHM+PC91cmxzPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48L0VuZE5vdGU+AG==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (see Allen, Fonagy, & Bateman, 2008; Fonagy & Luyten, 2009; Fonagy & Luyten, in press; Fonagy, Luyten, & Strathearn, 2011), we propose a developmental framework that conceptualizes BPD in terms of a specific underlying vulnerability to psychopathology ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Fonagy</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>16768</RecNum><DisplayText>(Fonagy, Luyten, & Allison, 2014)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16768</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16768</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Fonagy, P.</author><author>Luyten, P.</author><author>Allison, E.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Teaching to learn from experience: Epistemic mistrust at the heart of BPD and its psychosocial treatment</title><secondary-title>Manuscript in preparation</secondary-title></titles><dates><year>2014</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Fonagy, Luyten, & Allison, 2014). We define this vulnerability as the impairment of epistemic trust. Our framework is proposed as a heuristic rather than an etiological model, but a heuristic with, we hope, significant clinical implications. Our starting point is the remarkable and paradoxical combination of marked rigidity and instability in BPD. Clinicians are often struck by the rigidity in the BPD patient’s behavioral repertoire, which, unsurprisingly, has become a key feature of many extant theories of BPD, as we will discuss below. Yet BPD is also notable for its instability—in symptoms, coping strategies, and relationships, but also in the course of the disorder PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Ta29kb2w8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Ta29kb2w8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Skodol et al., 2006; Zanarini, Laudate, Frankenburg, Wedig, & Fitzmaurice, 2013). Instability, it has been noted, is what is stable in BPD ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Schmideberg</Author><Year>1959</Year><RecNum>17195</RecNum><DisplayText>(Schmideberg, 1959)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>17195</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">17195</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book Section">5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Schmideberg, M. </author></authors><secondary-authors><author>Arieti, S.</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>The borderline patient. </title><secondary-title>American handbook of psychiatry </secondary-title></titles><pages>398–416.</pages><dates><year>1959</year></dates><pub-location>New York, NY</pub-location><publisher>Basic Books</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Schmideberg, 1959). Rigidity and Theories on Borderline Personality DisorderRigidity is at the heart of many theories about BPD, and has been most often related to personality. The rigidity characteristic of BPD is undoubtedly from one perspective a personality trait. It is a common human experience that we encounter individuals without the flexibility to adopt alternative positions from the ones they find themselves occupying at a particular time point. It is most closely related to high and maladaptive levels of conscientiousness and low levels of openness to experience ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Widiger</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>16909</RecNum><DisplayText>(Widiger, Lynam, Miller, & Oltmanns, 2012)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16909</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16909</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Widiger, T. A.</author><author>Lynam, D. R.</author><author>Miller, J. D.</author><author>Oltmanns, T. F.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Measures to assess maladaptive variants of the five-factor model</title><secondary-title>Journal of Personality Assessment</secondary-title></titles><pages>450-455</pages><volume>94</volume><number>5</number><dates><year>2012</year><pub-dates><date>2012/10/10</date></pub-dates></dates><publisher>Routledge</publisher><isbn>0022-3891</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>;(Widiger, Lynam, Miller, & Oltmanns, 2012). Whilst we find the notion of personality traits helpful, we are also mindful of the risk of reification of such constructs ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Luyten</Author><Year>in press</Year><RecNum>16966</RecNum><DisplayText>(Luyten, in press)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16966</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16966</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Luyten, P.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Unholy questions about five central tenets of psychoanalysis that need to be empirically verified</title><secondary-title>Psychoanalytic Inquiry</secondary-title></titles><dates><year>in press</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Luyten, in press). In our view, personality should be seen as a set of interacting capacities underpinned by a neural system. Temperament (the Five Factor Model and its extensions) is undoubtedly part of the process of such interactions, but neither defines it nor necessarily predicts meaningfully individual outcome when many more categories of events enter the fray. We favor a developmental perspective in which personality is seen as a dynamic construct; dynamic in the sense that it is the result of historical, biological and social processes interacting at every moment across the lifespan. Rigidity, in this context, is a developmental meta-construct. It refers to personality functioning. Rigidity is that which must be absent if the individual is to progress fluidly, flexibly, and adaptively across the phases of individual development. Of course this is a very old idea, originally affirmed within the domain of personality theories by Carl Rogers ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Rogers</Author><Year>1954</Year><RecNum>16838</RecNum><DisplayText>(Rogers, 1961; Rogers & Dymond, 1954)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16838</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16838</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Rogers, C. R.</author><author>Dymond, R. F.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Psychotherapy and personality change: Coordinated research studies in the client-centered approach</title></titles><dates><year>1954</year></dates><pub-location>Chicago, IL</pub-location><publisher>University of Chicago Press</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Rogers</Author><Year>1961</Year><RecNum>16839</RecNum><record><rec-number>16839</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16839</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Rogers, C. R.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>On becoming a person: A therapist's view of psychotherapy</title></titles><dates><year>1961</year></dates><pub-location>London, UK</pub-location><publisher>Constable</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Rogers, 1961; Rogers & Dymond, 1954), but anticipated by phenomenological and existential philosophy ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Snygg</Author><Year>1949</Year><RecNum>16840</RecNum><DisplayText>(Sartre, 1946; Snygg & Combs, 1949)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16840</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16840</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Snygg, D.</author><author>Combs, A. W.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Individual behavior: A new frame of reference for psychology</title></titles><dates><year>1949</year></dates><pub-location>New York, NY</pub-location><publisher>Harper & Brothers</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Sartre</Author><Year>1946</Year><RecNum>16841</RecNum><record><rec-number>16841</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16841</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Sartre, J-P</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>L'existentialisme est un Humanisme</title></titles><dates><year>1946</year></dates><pub-location>Paris, France</pub-location><publisher>Editions Nagel</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Sartre, 1946; Snygg & Combs, 1949). Rogers described a fully functioning personality as being characterized by openness to experience, flexibility, adaptability, and spontaneity, and an absence of rigidity. A similar theme emerges in Beck’s landmark cognitive model of personality disorder ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Beck</Author><Year>2004</Year><RecNum>16843</RecNum><DisplayText>(Beck, Freeman, & Davis, 2004)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16843</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16843</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Beck, A. T.</author><author>Freeman, A.</author><author>Davis, D. D.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Cognitive therapy of personality disorders</title></titles><dates><year>2004</year></dates><pub-location>New York, NY</pub-location><publisher>Guilford Press</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Beck, Freeman, & Davis, 2004). Flexibility of cognitive-affective schemas is a key feature of the structural qualities of schemas besides their breadth and density in Beck’s framework. The loss of the capacity for change (i.e., rigidity) is indicative of the malfunctioning of cognitive-affective schemas. Perhaps most specifically relevant to us in the interpersonal context we are focusing on is Beck’s assertion that all personality pathology is characterized by the expectation that “others” are untrustworthy. In object relations models of personality disorder, rigidity re-emerges as a descriptor. In Nancy McWilliams’ theory ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>McWilliams</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>16934</RecNum><DisplayText>(McWilliams, 2011)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16934</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16934</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>McWilliams, N.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Psychoanalytic diagnosis: Understanding personality structure in the clinical process</title></titles><edition>2nd</edition><dates><year>2011</year></dates><pub-location>New York, NY</pub-location><publisher>Guilford Press</publisher><isbn>1609184947</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(McWilliams, 2011), rigidity is a central feature of personality pathology, whereby individuals tend to give the same response irrespective of the situation or interpersonal context in which they find themselves. In Kernberg’s model ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Kernberg</Author><Year>1984</Year><RecNum>1136</RecNum><DisplayText>(Caligor, Kernberg, & Clarkin, 2007; Kernberg, 1984)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1136</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">1136</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kernberg, O. F.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Severe personality disorders: Psychotherapeutic strategies</title></titles><dates><year>1984</year></dates><pub-location>New Haven, CT</pub-location><publisher>Yale University Press</publisher><label>1150</label><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Caligor</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>16844</RecNum><record><rec-number>16844</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16844</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Caligor, E.</author><author>Kernberg, O. F.</author><author>Clarkin, J. F.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Handbook of dynamic psychotherapy for higher level personality pathology</title></titles><dates><year>2007</year></dates><pub-location>Washington, DC</pub-location><publisher>American Psychiatric Press</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Caligor, Kernberg, & Clarkin, 2007; Kernberg, 1984) rigidity is a response style that is activated inflexibly regardless of context. It is operationalizable and measurable in instruments such as the Structured Interview of Personality Organization (STIPO) ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Clarkin</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>16845</RecNum><DisplayText>(Clarkin, Caligor, Stern, & Kernberg, 2007)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16845</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16845</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Unpublished Work">34</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Clarkin, J. F.</author><author>Caligor, E.</author><author>Stern, B.</author><author>Kernberg, O. F.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Structured Interview of Personality Organization (STIPO)</title></titles><dates><year>2007</year></dates><pub-location>White Plains, NY</pub-location><publisher>Cornell University Personality Disorders Institute</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Clarkin, Caligor, Stern, & Kernberg, 2007). Perhaps closest to the current model is Blatt’s two-polarities theory of personality development. This model essentially proposes that adaptive personality development is characterized by the capacity constantly to re-evaluate issues of self-definition and relatedness in the course of development. Shifts inevitably occur along this vector depending on experience ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Luyten</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>12686</RecNum><DisplayText>(Luyten & Blatt, 2011)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>12686</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">12686</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Luyten, P.</author><author>Blatt, S. J.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium. patrick.luyten@psy.kuleuven.be</auth-address><titles><title>Integrating theory-driven and empirically-derived models of personality development and psychopathology: A proposal for DSM V</title><secondary-title>Clinical Psychology Review</secondary-title><alt-title>Clinical psychology review</alt-title></titles><pages>52-68</pages><volume>31</volume><number>1</number><edition>2010/12/07</edition><keywords><keyword>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Mental Disorders/diagnosis/*psychology</keyword><keyword>*Models, Psychological</keyword><keyword>*Personality Development</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Feb</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1873-7811 (Electronic)
0272-7358 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>21130936</accession-num><work-type>Review</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>;(Luyten & Blatt, 2011). Adaptive personality development involves a dialectic synergistic interaction between these polarities. The sense of self emerges at increasingly mature levels of interpersonal relatedness, which in turn facilitates further differentiation and integration in the development of the self, and vice versa. The basic requirement for adaptive personality development thus is the capacity to move flexibly back and forth. By contrast, rigidity in this model consists of an exaggerated insistence on either polarity, conceptualized in terms of personality pathology.Closely allied with Blatt’s frame of reference are ideas from interpersonal psychology and attachment theory ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Mikulincer</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>12078</RecNum><DisplayText>(Mikulincer & Shaver, 2007)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>12078</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">12078</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Mikulincer, M.</author><author>Shaver, P. R. </author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change</title></titles><dates><year>2007</year></dates><pub-location>New York, NY</pub-location><publisher>Guilford Press</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Mikulincer & Shaver, 2007). With attachment theory, attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance are defined as the critical vectors underlying attachment, which in combination yield an overlapping definition of personality PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CYXJ0aG9sb21ldzwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTE8L1ll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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CYXJ0aG9sb21ldzwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTE8L1ll
YXI+PFJlY051bT40MzM2PC9SZWNOdW0+PERpc3BsYXlUZXh0PihCYXJ0aG9sb21ldyAmYW1wOyBI
b3Jvd2l0eiwgMTk5MTsgTWlrdWxpbmNlciwgU2hhdmVyLCAmYW1wOyBQZXJlZywgMjAwMyk8L0Rp
c3BsYXlUZXh0PjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+NDMzNjwvcmVjLW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1r
ZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9InB0cGEwdjlhNzV6ZmY2ZTl6cHRwZHNydXZ2eDlwMHRy
ZHdhMiI+NDMzNjwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFy
dGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+QmFydGhv
bG9tZXcsIEsuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5Ib3Jvd2l0eiwgTC5NLjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9y
cz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5BdHRhY2htZW50IHN0eWxlcyBhbW9uZyB5
b3VuZyBhZHVsdHM6IEEgdGVzdCBvZiBhIGZvdXItY2F0ZWdvcnkgbW9kZWw8L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNv
bmRhcnktdGl0bGU+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiBQZXJzb25hbGl0eSBhbmQgU29jaWFsIFBzeWNob2xvZ3k8
L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGFnZXM+MjI2LTI0NDwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT42
MTwvdm9sdW1lPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4xOTkxPC95ZWFyPjwvZGF0ZXM+PHVybHM+PC91cmxzPjwv
cmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48Q2l0ZT48QXV0aG9yPk1pa3VsaW5jZXI8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDAz
PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNOdW0+MTY5Njc8L1JlY051bT48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjE2OTY3PC9y
ZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0icHRwYTB2OWE3NXpm
ZjZlOXpwdHBkc3J1dnZ4OXAwdHJkd2EyIj4xNjk2Nzwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYt
dHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxh
dXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+TWlrdWxpbmNlciwgTS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlNoYXZlciwgUC4g
Ui48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlBlcmVnLCBELjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1
dG9ycz48YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPk1pa3VsaW5jZXIsIE0mI3hEO0JhciBJbGFuIFVuaXYsIERlcHQg
UHN5Y2hvbCwgSUwtNTI5MDAgUmFtYXQgR2FuLCBJc3JhZWwmI3hEO0JhciBJbGFuIFVuaXYsIERl
cHQgUHN5Y2hvbCwgSUwtNTI5MDAgUmFtYXQgR2FuLCBJc3JhZWwmI3hEO0JhciBJbGFuIFVuaXYs
IERlcHQgUHN5Y2hvbCwgSUwtNTI5MDAgUmFtYXQgR2FuLCBJc3JhZWwmI3hEO1VuaXYgQ2FsaWYg
RGF2aXMsIERlcHQgUHN5Y2hvbCwgRGF2aXMsIENBIDk1NjE2IFVTQTwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0
aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPkF0dGFjaG1lbnQgdGhlb3J5IGFuZCBhZmZlY3QgcmVndWxhdGlvbjogVGhl
IGR5bmFtaWNzLCBkZXZlbG9wbWVudCwgYW5kIGNvZ25pdGl2ZSBjb25zZXF1ZW5jZXMgb2YgYXR0
YWNobWVudC1yZWxhdGVkIHN0cmF0ZWdpZXM8L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+TW90aXZh
dGlvbiBhbmQgRW1vdGlvbjwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+TW90aXYgRW1vdGlv
bjwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwYWdlcz43Ny0xMDI8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+Mjc8L3Zv
bHVtZT48bnVtYmVyPjI8L251bWJlcj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+YXR0YWNobWVudDwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5hZmZlY3QgcmVndWxhdGlvbjwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5wZXJzb25h
bGl0eSBkZXZlbG9wbWVudDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5zZWN1cmUgYmFzZSBzY2hlbWE8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+YWR1bHQgYXR0YWNobWVudDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5wb3NpdGl2
ZSBhZmZlY3Q8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+d29ya2luZyBtb2RlbHM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+eW91bmctYWR1bHRzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPnN0eWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3Jk
PmFjY2Vzc2liaWxpdHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+cmVwcmVzZW50YXRpb25zPC9rZXl3b3Jk
PjxrZXl3b3JkPmNhdGVnb3JpemF0aW9uPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPmNvbXBvbmVudHM8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAwMzwveWVhcj48cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRl
Pkp1bjwvZGF0ZT48L3B1Yi1kYXRlcz48L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjAxNDYtNzIzOTwvaXNibj48YWNj
ZXNzaW9uLW51bT5JU0k6MDAwMTgzOTA3NjAwMDAxPC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxh
dGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD4mbHQ7R28gdG8gSVNJJmd0OzovLzAwMDE4MzkwNzYwMDAwMTwvdXJsPjwv
cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+RG9pIDEwLjEwMjMv
QToxMDI0NTE1NTE5MTYwPC9lbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT48bGFuZ3VhZ2U+RW5nbGlz
aDwvbGFuZ3VhZ2U+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjwvRW5kTm90ZT5=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991; Mikulincer, Shaver, & Pereg, 2003). Secure attachment is defined by low to moderate levels of avoidance of others (relatedness) and attachment anxiety (anxiety about separateness). These individuals can thus move freely and are able to function independently whilst accepting their need for others, because they feel confident on the basis of their unique history that distress would be met by comforting, without having the need for constant reassurance that this will be the case. Thus, within this version of adult attachment security, the absence of personality pathology is defined as a continual process of restoring equilibrium. Personality pathology, once again, is defined as the absence of this capacity to restore equilibrium, reflected in the use of insecure attachment strategies when faced with distress. The lack of fluidity is perhaps greatest in individuals who show both a high level of avoidance and intense attachment anxiety, traditionally seen as the hallmark of disorganized attachment. This is easy to understand given the “catch-22” that this configuration creates. If the need for others cannot be satisfied even in the presence of the attachment figure because the individual feels deeply suspicious of the attachment figure’s motives, while the intense need for separateness is consistently undermined by the intense desire to seek reassurance, the individual faces an insoluble interpersonal dilemma. His/her experiences will inevitably validate his/her preconceptions, and the potential for change in the light of “new data” is minimal. Thus, while security is assured by flexibility, which derives from refusing to consider closeness and autonomy as antagonistic and irreconcilable goals, insecurity and (partial) rigidity arises when individuals are unable to relocate on the closeness–distance dimension without fearing either a permanent loss of autonomy or the loss of affection of their attachment figure. The key here is the invalidation of interpersonal information arising from any encounter, regardless of the nature of such information. Even a positive response from the attachment figure will be discounted by assumptions about his/her motives. But dismissal or closing of the flow of information is unsustainable because of the overriding need for reassurance. It is beyond the scope of this article to try to define personality, but heuristically we think of personality as the hypothetical construct that bridges the interface between the individual and his/her social environment. Thus, across a number of models, we have seen that flexibility and rigidity represent a meta-construct describing the way an individual makes use of the mechanisms assumed to underpin personality, whether these are cognitive schemas, internal object relationships, interpersonal expectations, or intersubjective concerns. This seems to capture something of the essence of how we should conceptualize personality disorder—as a failure of appropriate responsiveness to information within a system at the interface of the person and his/her social environment. In the next section, we propose an evolutionary theory to understand the origins of this epistemic petrification drawing on recently emerging evolutionary views and data..The Intergenerational Transmission of KnowledgeThe high genetic loading of personality disorder PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Cb3Jub3ZhbG92YTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDk8L1ll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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Cb3Jub3ZhbG92YTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDk8L1ll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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Bornovalova, Hicks, Iacono, & McGue, 2009; Distel et al., 2008; Kendler et al., 2008; Torgersen et al., 2000) suggests that its etiology may be embedded in human evolution and species-specific adaptation. The evolution of social cognition in Homo sapiens has been a lively focus of enquiry over the past two decades PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5IZXJybWFubjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDc8L1llYXI+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=
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5IZXJybWFubjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDc8L1llYXI+
PFJlY051bT4xNjkxMjwvUmVjTnVtPjxEaXNwbGF5VGV4dD4oQ2Fwb3JhZWwsIDE5OTc7IERlYW4s
IEtlbmRhbCwgU2NoYXBpcm8sIFRoaWVycnksICZhbXA7IExhbGFuZCwgMjAxMjsgSGVycm1hbm4s
IENhbGwsIEhlcm5hbmRlei1MbG9yZWRhLCBIYXJlLCAmYW1wOyBUb21hc2VsbG8sIDIwMDc7IE1p
bGxlciBldCBhbC4sIDIwMTI7IHZhbiBTY2hhaWsgJmFtcDsgQnVya2FydCwgMjAxMSk8L0Rpc3Bs
YXlUZXh0PjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MTY5MTI8L3JlYy1udW1iZXI+PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5
cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSJwdHBhMHY5YTc1emZmNmU5enB0cGRzcnV2dng5cDB0cmR3
YTIiPjE2OTEyPC9rZXk+PC9mb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0
aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5IZXJybWFu
biwgRS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkNhbGwsIEouPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5IZXJuYW5kZXot
TGxvcmVkYSwgTS4gVi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkhhcmUsIEIuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5U
b21hc2VsbG8sIE0uPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJl
c3M+TWF4IFBsYW5jayBJbnN0aXR1dGUgZm9yIEV2b2x1dGlvbmFyeSBBbnRocm9wb2xvZ3ksIExl
aXB6aWcsIEQtMDQxMDMsIEdlcm1hbnkuIGVoZXJybWFuQGV2YS5tcGcuZGU8L2F1dGgtYWRkcmVz
cz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5IdW1hbnMgaGF2ZSBldm9sdmVkIHNwZWNpYWxpemVkIHNraWxscyBv
ZiBzb2NpYWwgY29nbml0aW9uOiBUaGUgY3VsdHVyYWwgaW50ZWxsaWdlbmNlIGh5cG90aGVzaXM8
L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+U2NpZW5jZTwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVz
PjxwZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPlNjaWVuY2U8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PC9wZXJpb2RpY2Fs
PjxwYWdlcz4xMzYwLTY8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+MzE3PC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj41ODQzPC9u
dW1iZXI+PGVkaXRpb24+MjAwNy8wOS8wODwvZWRpdGlvbj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QW5p
bWFsczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qQmlvbG9naWNhbCBFdm9sdXRpb248L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+Q2hpbGQgRGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQvcGh5c2lvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5DaGls
ZCwgUHJlc2Nob29sPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipDb2duaXRpb248L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+Q3VsdHVyYWwgRXZvbHV0aW9uPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipDdWx0dXJlPC9rZXl3b3Jk
PjxrZXl3b3JkPkZlbWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+SW50ZWxsaWdlbmNlIFRlc3RzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+T3JnYW4gU2l6ZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5QYW4gdHJvZ2xvZHl0ZXMvKnBoeXNp
b2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UG9uZ28gcHlnbWFldXMvKnBoeXNpb2xvZ3k8L2tleXdv
cmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U3BlY2llcyBTcGVjaWZpY2l0eTwva2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdvcmRzPjxkYXRl
cz48eWVhcj4yMDA3PC95ZWFyPjxwdWItZGF0ZXM+PGRhdGU+U2VwIDc8L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0
ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4xMDk1LTkyMDMgKEVsZWN0cm9uaWMpJiN4RDswMDM2LTgwNzUgKExp
bmtpbmcpPC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjE3ODIzMzQ2PC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx3b3Jr
LXR5cGU+UmVzZWFyY2ggU3VwcG9ydCwgTm9uLVUuUy4gR292JmFwb3M7dDwvd29yay10eXBlPjx1
cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRwOi8vd3d3Lm5jYmkubmxtLm5paC5nb3YvcHVibWVk
LzE3ODIzMzQ2PC91cmw+PC9yZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PC91cmxzPjxlbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNl
LW51bT4xMC4xMTI2L3NjaWVuY2UuMTE0NjI4MjwvZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+PGxh
bmd1YWdlPmVuZzwvbGFuZ3VhZ2U+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjxDaXRlPjxBdXRob3I+TWlsbGVy
PC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48UmVjTnVtPjE2OTEzPC9SZWNOdW0+PHJlY29yZD48
cmVjLW51bWJlcj4xNjkxMzwvcmVjLW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIg
ZGItaWQ9InB0cGEwdjlhNzV6ZmY2ZTl6cHRwZHNydXZ2eDlwMHRyZHdhMiI+MTY5MTM8L2tleT48
L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5
cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPk1pbGxlciwgRC4gSi48L2F1dGhvcj48
YXV0aG9yPkR1a2EsIFQuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5TdGltcHNvbiwgQy4gRC48L2F1dGhvcj48
YXV0aG9yPlNjaGFwaXJvLCBTLiBKLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+QmF6ZSwgVy4gQi48L2F1dGhv
cj48YXV0aG9yPk1jQXJ0aHVyLCBNLiBKLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+Rm9iYnMsIEEuIEouPC9h
dXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5Tb3VzYSwgQS4gTS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlNlc3RhbiwgTi48L2F1
dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPldpbGRtYW4sIEQuIEUuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5MaXBvdmljaCwgTC48
L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkt1emF3YSwgQy4gVy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkhvZiwgUC4gUi48
L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlNoZXJ3b29kLCBDLiBDLjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRy
aWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPkRlcGFydG1lbnQgb2YgQW50aHJvcG9sb2d5LCBUaGUgR2Vv
cmdlIFdhc2hpbmd0b24gVW5pdmVyc2l0eSwgV2FzaGluZ3RvbiwgREMgMjAwNTIsIFVTQS48L2F1
dGgtYWRkcmVzcz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5Qcm9sb25nZWQgbXllbGluYXRpb24gaW4gaHVtYW4g
bmVvY29ydGljYWwgZXZvbHV0aW9uPC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPlByb2NlZWRpbmdz
IG9mIHRoZSBOYXRpb25hbCBBY2FkZW1jeSBvZiBTY2llbmNlcyBvZiB0aGUgVW5pdGVkIFN0YXRl
cyBvZiBBbWVyaWNhPC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5Qcm9jZWVkaW5ncyBvZiB0
aGUgTmF0aW9uYWwgQWNhZGVteSBvZiBTY2llbmNlcyBvZiB0aGUgVW5pdGVkIFN0YXRlcyBvZiBB
bWVyaWNhPC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PHBhZ2VzPjE2NDgwLTU8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+
MTA5PC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj40MTwvbnVtYmVyPjxlZGl0aW9uPjIwMTIvMDkvMjc8L2VkaXRp
b24+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFkb2xlc2NlbnQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWR1bHQ8
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QW5pbWFsczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qQmlvbG9naWNhbCBF
dm9sdXRpb248L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QmxvdHRpbmcsIFdlc3Rlcm48L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+Q2hpbGQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SHVtYW5zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPklu
ZmFudDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5JbmZhbnQsIE5ld2Jvcm48L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+
TW90b3IgQ29ydGV4L2dyb3d0aCAmYW1wOyBkZXZlbG9wbWVudC9tZXRhYm9saXNtPC9rZXl3b3Jk
PjxrZXl3b3JkPk15ZWxpbiBQcm90ZWlucy8qbWV0YWJvbGlzbTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5N
eWVsaW4gU2hlYXRoLyptZXRhYm9saXNtPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk15ZWxpbi1Bc3NvY2lh
dGVkIEdseWNvcHJvdGVpbi9tZXRhYm9saXNtPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk5lb2NvcnRleC9n
cm93dGggJmFtcDsgZGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQvKm1ldGFib2xpc208L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UGFu
IHRyb2dsb2R5dGVzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlByZWZyb250YWwgQ29ydGV4L2dyb3d0aCAm
YW1wOyBkZXZlbG9wbWVudC9tZXRhYm9saXNtPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlNvbWF0b3NlbnNv
cnkgQ29ydGV4L2dyb3d0aCAmYW1wOyBkZXZlbG9wbWVudC9tZXRhYm9saXNtPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPlRpbWUgRmFjdG9yczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5WaXN1YWwgQ29ydGV4L2dyb3d0
aCAmYW1wOyBkZXZlbG9wbWVudC9tZXRhYm9saXNtPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPllvdW5nIEFk
dWx0PC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMTI8L3llYXI+PHB1Yi1kYXRl
cz48ZGF0ZT5PY3QgOTwvZGF0ZT48L3B1Yi1kYXRlcz48L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjEwOTEtNjQ5MCAo
RWxlY3Ryb25pYykmI3hEOzAwMjctODQyNCAoTGlua2luZyk8L2lzYm4+PGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+
MjMwMTI0MDI8L2FjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+PHdvcmstdHlwZT5SZXNlYXJjaCBTdXBwb3J0LCBOLkku
SC4sIEV4dHJhbXVyYWwmI3hEO1Jlc2VhcmNoIFN1cHBvcnQsIE5vbi1VLlMuIEdvdiZhcG9zO3Qm
I3hEO1Jlc2VhcmNoIFN1cHBvcnQsIFUuUy4gR292JmFwb3M7dCwgTm9uLVAuSC5TLjwvd29yay10
eXBlPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRwOi8vd3d3Lm5jYmkubmxtLm5paC5nb3Yv
cHVibWVkLzIzMDEyNDAyPC91cmw+PC9yZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PC91cmxzPjxjdXN0b20yPjM0Nzg2
NTA8L2N1c3RvbTI+PGVsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjEwLjEwNzMvcG5hcy4xMTE3OTQz
MTA5PC9lbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT48bGFuZ3VhZ2U+ZW5nPC9sYW5ndWFnZT48L3Jl
Y29yZD48L0NpdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5EZWFuPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48
UmVjTnVtPjE2OTE4PC9SZWNOdW0+PHJlY29yZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj4xNjkxODwvcmVjLW51bWJl
cj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9InB0cGEwdjlhNzV6ZmY2ZTl6cHRw
ZHNydXZ2eDlwMHRyZHdhMiI+MTY5MTg8L2tleT48L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFt
ZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48
YXV0aG9yPkRlYW4sIEwuIEcuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5LZW5kYWwsIFIuIEwuPC9hdXRob3I+
PGF1dGhvcj5TY2hhcGlybywgUy4gSi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlRoaWVycnksIEIuPC9hdXRo
b3I+PGF1dGhvcj5MYWxhbmQsIEsuIE4uPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3Jz
PjxhdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+Q2VudHJlIGZvciBTb2NpYWwgTGVhcm5pbmcgYW5kIENvZ25pdGl2ZSBF
dm9sdXRpb24sIFNjaG9vbCBvZiBCaW9sb2d5LCBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIFN0LiBBbmRyZXdzLCBR
dWVlbiZhcG9zO3MgVGVycmFjZSwgU3QuIEFuZHJld3MsIEZpZmUsIFVLLjwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNz
Pjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPklkZW50aWZpY2F0aW9uIG9mIHRoZSBzb2NpYWwgYW5kIGNvZ25pdGl2
ZSBwcm9jZXNzZXMgdW5kZXJseWluZyBodW1hbiBjdW11bGF0aXZlIGN1bHR1cmU8L3RpdGxlPjxz
ZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+U2NpZW5jZTwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwZXJpb2Rp
Y2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPlNjaWVuY2U8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PC9wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxwYWdlcz4x
MTE0LTg8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+MzM1PC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj42MDcyPC9udW1iZXI+PGVk
aXRpb24+MjAxMi8wMy8wMzwvZWRpdGlvbj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWx0cnVpc208L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QW5pbWFsczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5DZWJ1czwva2V5d29yZD48
a2V5d29yZD5DaGlsZCwgUHJlc2Nob29sPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNvZ25pdGlvbjwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Db21tdW5pY2F0aW9uPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipDdWx0dXJhbCBF
dm9sdXRpb248L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RmVtYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkh1bWFu
czwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5JbWl0YXRpdmUgQmVoYXZpb3I8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+
SW50ZXJwZXJzb25hbCBSZWxhdGlvbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TGVhcm5pbmc8L2tleXdv
cmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Kk1lbnRhbCBQcm9jZXNzZXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UGFuIHRyb2ds
b2R5dGVzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipQcm9ibGVtIFNvbHZpbmc8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+UmV3YXJkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipTb2NpYWwgQmVoYXZpb3I8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+VGVhY2hpbmc8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAxMjwveWVh
cj48cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPk1hciAyPC9kYXRlPjwvcHViLWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+
MTA5NS05MjAzIChFbGVjdHJvbmljKSYjeEQ7MDAzNi04MDc1IChMaW5raW5nKTwvaXNibj48YWNj
ZXNzaW9uLW51bT4yMjM4Mzg1MTwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48d29yay10eXBlPkNvbXBhcmF0aXZl
IFN0dWR5JiN4RDtSZXNlYXJjaCBTdXBwb3J0LCBOLkkuSC4sIEV4dHJhbXVyYWwmI3hEO1Jlc2Vh
cmNoIFN1cHBvcnQsIE5vbi1VLlMuIEdvdiZhcG9zO3Q8L3dvcmstdHlwZT48dXJscz48cmVsYXRl
ZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0cDovL3d3dy5uY2JpLm5sbS5uaWguZ292L3B1Ym1lZC8yMjM4Mzg1MTwv
dXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAuMTEy
Ni9zY2llbmNlLjEyMTM5Njk8L2VsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjxsYW5ndWFnZT5lbmc8
L2xhbmd1YWdlPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48Q2l0ZT48QXV0aG9yPnZhbiBTY2hhaWs8L0F1dGhv
cj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNOdW0+MTY5MTQ8L1JlY051bT48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVt
YmVyPjE2OTE0PC9yZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0i
cHRwYTB2OWE3NXpmZjZlOXpwdHBkc3J1dnZ4OXAwdHJkd2EyIj4xNjkxNDwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWln
bi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29u
dHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+dmFuIFNjaGFpaywgQy4gUC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0
aG9yPkJ1cmthcnQsIEouIE0uPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRo
LWFkZHJlc3M+QW50aHJvcG9sb2dpc2NoZXMgSW5zdGl0dXQgYW5kIE11c2V1bSwgVW5pdmVyc2l0
YXQgWnVyaWNoLCBadXJpY2gsIFN3aXR6ZXJsYW5kLiB2c2NoYWlrQGFpbS51emguY2g8L2F1dGgt
YWRkcmVzcz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5Tb2NpYWwgbGVhcm5pbmcgYW5kIGV2b2x1dGlvbjogVGhl
IGN1bHR1cmFsIGludGVsbGlnZW5jZSBoeXBvdGhlc2lzPC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxl
PlBoaWxvc29waGljYWwgVHJhbnNhY3Rpb25zIG9mIHRoZSBSb3lhbCBTb2NpZXR5IG9mIExvbmRv
bi4gU2VyaWVzIEIsIEJpb2xvZ2ljYWwgU2NpZW5jZXM8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48YWx0LXRp
dGxlPlBoaWxvcyBUcmFucyBSIFNvYyBMb25kIEIgQmlvbCBTY2k8L2FsdC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxl
cz48cGFnZXM+MTAwOC0xNjwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT4zNjY8L3ZvbHVtZT48bnVtYmVyPjE1Njc8
L251bWJlcj48ZWRpdGlvbj4yMDExLzAzLzAyPC9lZGl0aW9uPjxrZXl3b3Jkcz48a2V5d29yZD5B
bmltYWxzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkJyYWluLyphbmF0b215ICZhbXA7IGhpc3RvbG9neS8q
cGh5c2lvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5JbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UvKnBoeXNpb2xvZ3k8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KkxlYXJuaW5nPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipTb2NpYWwgQmVoYXZp
b3I8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAxMTwveWVhcj48cHViLWRhdGVz
PjxkYXRlPkFwciAxMjwvZGF0ZT48L3B1Yi1kYXRlcz48L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjE0NzEtMjk3MCAo
RWxlY3Ryb25pYykmI3hEOzA5NjItODQzNiAoTGlua2luZyk8L2lzYm4+PGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+
MjEzNTcyMjM8L2FjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+PHdvcmstdHlwZT5SZXNlYXJjaCBTdXBwb3J0LCBOb24t
VS5TLiBHb3YmYXBvczt0JiN4RDtSZXZpZXc8L3dvcmstdHlwZT48dXJscz48cmVsYXRlZC11cmxz
Pjx1cmw+aHR0cDovL3d3dy5uY2JpLm5sbS5uaWguZ292L3B1Ym1lZC8yMTM1NzIyMzwvdXJsPjwv
cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48Y3VzdG9tMj4zMDQ5MDg1PC9jdXN0b20yPjxlbGVjdHJvbmlj
LXJlc291cmNlLW51bT4xMC4xMDk4L3JzdGIuMjAxMC4wMzA0PC9lbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNl
LW51bT48bGFuZ3VhZ2U+ZW5nPC9sYW5ndWFnZT48L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhv
cj5DYXBvcmFlbDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTc8L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT4xNjkxNTwvUmVjTnVt
PjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MTY5MTU8L3JlYy1udW1iZXI+PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5
IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSJwdHBhMHY5YTc1emZmNmU5enB0cGRzcnV2dng5cDB0cmR3YTIiPjE2
OTE1PC9rZXk+PC9mb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+
MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5DYXBvcmFlbCwgTC4g
Ui48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5EZXBhcnRt
ZW50IG9mIFNjaWVuY2UgYW5kIFRlY2hub2xvZ3kgU3R1ZGllcywgUmVuc3NlbGFlciBQb2x5dGVj
aG5pYyBJbnN0aXR1dGUsIFRyb3ksIE5ZIDEyMTgwLCBVU0EuIGNhcG9ybEBycGkuZWR1PC9hdXRo
LWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+VGhlIGV2b2x1dGlvbiBvZiB0cnVseSBzb2NpYWwgY29n
bml0aW9uOiBUaGUgY29yZSBjb25maWd1cmF0aW9ucyBtb2RlbDwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10
aXRsZT5QZXJzb25hbGl0eSBhbmQgU29jaWFsIFBzeWNob2xvZ3kgUmV2aWV3PC9zZWNvbmRhcnkt
dGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5QZXJzb25hbGl0eSBhbmQgc29jaWFsIHBzeWNob2xvZ3kgcmV2aWV3
IDogYW4gb2ZmaWNpYWwgam91cm5hbCBvZiB0aGUgU29jaWV0eSBmb3IgUGVyc29uYWxpdHkgYW5k
IFNvY2lhbCBQc3ljaG9sb2d5LCBJbmM8L2FsdC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGFnZXM+Mjc2LTk4
PC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjE8L3ZvbHVtZT48bnVtYmVyPjQ8L251bWJlcj48ZWRpdGlvbj4xOTk3
LzAxLzAxPC9lZGl0aW9uPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4xOTk3PC95ZWFyPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MTA4
OC04NjgzIChQcmludCk8L2lzYm4+PGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+MTU2NjE2NjQ8L2FjY2Vzc2lvbi1u
dW0+PHVybHM+PHJlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48dXJsPmh0dHA6Ly93d3cubmNiaS5ubG0ubmloLmdvdi9w
dWJtZWQvMTU2NjE2NjQ8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM+PGVsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVz
b3VyY2UtbnVtPjEwLjEyMDcvczE1MzI3OTU3cHNwcjAxMDRfMTwvZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJj
ZS1udW0+PGxhbmd1YWdlPmVuZzwvbGFuZ3VhZ2U+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjwvRW5kTm90ZT5=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Caporael, 1997; Dean, Kendal, Schapiro, Thierry, & Laland, 2012; Herrmann, Call, Hernandez-Lloreda, Hare, & Tomasello, 2007; Miller et al., 2012; van Schaik & Burkart, 2011). The emergence of the ability to appreciate others’ subjective dispositional and motivational states, i.e. the capacity for social cognition or mentalizing, is now increasingly believed to underpin the remarkable human capacity to tolerate and benefit from meaningful interactions within very large social groups that are inconceivable in nonhuman species, including nonhuman primates. The size of the social group, for instance, correlates with the size of the neocortex (prefrontal and temporoparietal areas that support the large-scale social interaction characteristic of Homo sapiens) PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5EdW5iYXI8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA3PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5EdW5iYXI8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA3PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Dunbar & Shultz, 2007; Kanai, Bahrami, Roylance, & Rees, 2012; Sallet et al., 2011). Comparisons of the skulls of Neanderthals with those of Homo sapiens carbon dated to roughly the same historical epoch when they coexisted in Europe have shown that the Neanderthals had relatively larger eyes, which implies the possession of much larger visual processing areas—an adaptation to the long dark nights of European winters PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5QZWFyY2U8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEzPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5QZWFyY2U8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEzPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Pearce, Stringer, & Dunbar, 2013). By contrast, Homo sapiens, which evolved originally in Africa, specialized less on vision and body control and more on problem solving and social networking. The capacity to communicate is likely to have evolved more rapidly and effectively when less brain capacity was taken up with vision and body control, and ultimately gave a massive evolutionary advantage to Homo sapiens in Europe and elsewhere. In particular, Neanderthals may have had less social networking over wide geographical terrains, which may have given Homo sapiens an essential advantage as the Ice Age descended on Europe. Concurrently, Smith et al. PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGUgRXhjbHVkZUF1dGg9IjEiPjxZZWFyPjIwMTA8L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT4x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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGUgRXhjbHVkZUF1dGg9IjEiPjxZZWFyPjIwMTA8L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT4x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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (2010) proposed that the period of immaturity (childhood) became more prolonged for Homo sapiens relative to Neanderthals, based at least on the maturation of teeth (later loss of deciduous teeth). These observations indicate the growing importance of the transgenerational transmission of knowledge within human culture PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5XaWxzb248L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA3PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5XaWxzb248L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA3PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Wilson, 2013; Wilson, Hayes, Biglan, & Embry, 2014; Wilson & Wilson, 2007). Whilst Neanderthals and Homo sapiens may have descended from a common ancestor (Homo heidelbergensis), Homo sapiens emerged out of Africa as a superior adaptation—not in terms of physical strength or visual acuity, but in terms of the capacity for symbolic thinking and the transmission of knowledge. These enabled our species to begin to collaborate in larger numbers. The Human Instinct(s) and Psychodynamic Models of Personality DisorderSo how are these findings and assumptions relevant for models of personality disorder? Modern psychodynamic thinking has invoked three human instincts in causal accounts of personality disorder PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HZXJnZWx5PC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HZXJnZWx5PC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Gergely & Jacob, 2012). First, following Freud, psychosexual development and aggression have been placed at center stage in earlier psychoanalytic accounts ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Cohen</Author><Year>1991</Year><RecNum>16920</RecNum><DisplayText>(Cohen, 1991)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16920</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16920</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Cohen, Y.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>B'nai B'rith Women Children's Home, Israel.</auth-address><titles><title>Grandiosity in children with narcissistic and borderline disorders. A comparative analysis</title><secondary-title>Psychoanalytic Study of the Child</secondary-title><alt-title>The Psychoanalytic study of the child</alt-title></titles><pages>307-24</pages><volume>46</volume><edition>1991/01/01</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Borderline Personality Disorder/diagnosis/etiology/*psychology</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>*Narcissism</keyword><keyword>Object Attachment</keyword><keyword>Personality Disorders/diagnosis/etiology/*psychology</keyword><keyword>Psychosexual Development</keyword><keyword>Self Concept</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1991</year></dates><isbn>0079-7308 (Print)
0079-7308 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>1788381</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>;(Cohen, 1991). An alternative account, emerging in the second half of the last century, rooted personality disorder in the distortions of the instinct for attachment. Originating in the work of John Bowlby and the research of Mary Ainsworth, a generation of scholarship was devoted to the identification of early mother (caregiver)–infant relationship patterns likely to be associated with personality disorder PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HdW5kZXJzb248L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk2PC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HdW5kZXJzb248L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk2PC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Gunderson, 1996; Gunderson & Lyons-Ruth, 2008). Yet, the complexity of evidence linking the early childrearing environment to later adaptation, the limited power of long-term prediction that the observation of early attachment quality offers PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj52YW4gSUp6ZW5kb29ybjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDg8
L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT4xMjA4NzwvUmVjTnVtPjxEaXNwbGF5VGV4dD4oRmVhcm9uLCBCYWtlcm1h
bnMtS3JhbmVuYnVyZywgdmFuIElqemVuZG9vcm4sIExhcHNsZXksICZhbXA7IFJvaXNtYW4sIDIw
MTA7IEdyb2gsIFJvaXNtYW4sIHZhbiBJanplbmRvb3JuLCBCYWtlcm1hbnMtS3JhbmVuYnVyZywg
JmFtcDsgRmVhcm9uLCAyMDEyOyB2YW4gSUp6ZW5kb29ybiAmYW1wOyBCYWtlcm1hbnMtS3JhbmVu
YnVyZywgMjAwODsgVmFuIElKemVuZG9vcm4sIFNjaGV1bmdlbCwgJmFtcDsgQmFrZXJtYW5zLUty
YW5lbmJ1cmcsIDE5OTkpPC9EaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjEyMDg3PC9y
ZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0icHRwYTB2OWE3NXpm
ZjZlOXpwdHBkc3J1dnZ4OXAwdHJkd2EyIj4xMjA4Nzwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYt
dHlwZSBuYW1lPSJCb29rIFNlY3Rpb24iPjU8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhv
cnM+PGF1dGhvcj52YW4gSUp6ZW5kb29ybiwgTS4gSC4sPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5CYWtlcm1h
bnMtS3JhbmVuYnVyZywgTS4gSi4gPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktYXV0aG9y
cz48YXV0aG9yPkguIFN0ZWVsZSA8L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPk0uIFN0ZWVsZTwvYXV0aG9yPjwv
c2Vjb25kYXJ5LWF1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+VGhlIGRpc3Ry
aWJ1dGlvbiBvZiBhZHVsdCBhdHRhY2htZW50IHJlcHJlc2VudGF0aW9ucyBpbiBjbGluaWNhbCBn
cm91cHM6IEEgbWV0YS1hbmFseXRpYyBzZWFyY2ggZm9yIHBhdHRlcm5zIG9mIGF0dGFjaG1lbnQg
aW4gMTA1IEFBSSBzdHVkaWVzPC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPkNsaW5pY2FsIGFwcGxp
Y2F0aW9ucyBvZiB0aGUgQWR1bHQgQXR0YWNobWVudCBJbnRlcnZpZXc8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRs
ZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGFnZXM+NjktOTY8L3BhZ2VzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDA4PC95ZWFyPjwv
ZGF0ZXM+PHB1Yi1sb2NhdGlvbj5OZXcgWW9yayA8L3B1Yi1sb2NhdGlvbj48cHVibGlzaGVyPkd1
aWxmb3JkPC9wdWJsaXNoZXI+PHVybHM+PC91cmxzPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48Q2l0ZT48QXV0
aG9yPkZlYXJvbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTA8L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT4xNTEyODwvUmVjTnVt
PjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MTUxMjg8L3JlYy1udW1iZXI+PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5
IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSJwdHBhMHY5YTc1emZmNmU5enB0cGRzcnV2dng5cDB0cmR3YTIiPjE1
MTI4PC9rZXk+PC9mb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+
MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5GZWFyb24sIFIuIFAu
PC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5CYWtlcm1hbnMtS3JhbmVuYnVyZywgTS4gSi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0
aG9yPnZhbiBJanplbmRvb3JuLCBNLiBILjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+TGFwc2xleSwgQS4gTS48
L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlJvaXNtYW4sIEcuIEkuPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJp
YnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+U2Nob29sIG9mIFBzeWNob2xvZ3kgYW5kIENsaW5pY2FsIExh
bmd1YWdlIFNjaWVuY2VzLCBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIFJlYWRpbmcsIDMgRWFybGV5IEdhdGUsIFdo
aXRla25pZ2h0cywgUmVhZGluZyBSRDYgNkFMLCBVbml0ZWQgS2luZ2RvbS4gcC5mZWFyb25AcmVh
ZGluZy5hYy51azwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPlRoZSBzaWduaWZpY2FuY2Ug
b2YgaW5zZWN1cmUgYXR0YWNobWVudCBhbmQgZGlzb3JnYW5pemF0aW9uIGluIHRoZSBkZXZlbG9w
bWVudCBvZiBjaGlsZHJlbiZhcG9zO3MgZXh0ZXJuYWxpemluZyBiZWhhdmlvcjogQSBtZXRhLWFu
YWx5dGljIHN0dWR5PC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPkNoaWxkIERldmVsb3BtZW50PC9z
ZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5DaGlsZCBkZXZlbG9wbWVudDwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwv
dGl0bGVzPjxwZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkNoaWxkIERldmVsb3BtZW50PC9mdWxsLXRp
dGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+Q2hpbGQgZGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQ8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1w
ZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkNoaWxkIERldmVsb3BtZW50PC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJy
LTE+Q2hpbGQgZGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQ8L2FiYnItMT48L2FsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxwYWdlcz40MzUt
NTY8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+ODE8L3ZvbHVtZT48bnVtYmVyPjI8L251bWJlcj48ZWRpdGlvbj4y
MDEwLzA1LzA1PC9lZGl0aW9uPjxrZXl3b3Jkcz48a2V5d29yZD5BZGFwdGF0aW9uLCBQc3ljaG9s
b2dpY2FsPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFnZ3Jlc3Npb24vcHN5Y2hvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48
a2V5d29yZD5BbnhpZXR5LCBTZXBhcmF0aW9uL2RpYWdub3Npcy9wc3ljaG9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3Jk
PjxrZXl3b3JkPkNoaWxkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNoaWxkIEJlaGF2aW9yIERpc29yZGVy
cy8qZGlhZ25vc2lzLypwc3ljaG9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNoaWxkLCBQcmVzY2hv
b2w8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RmVtYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkh1bWFuczwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5JbmZhbnQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KkludGVybmFsLUV4dGVybmFs
IENvbnRyb2w8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qTW90aGVy
LUNoaWxkIFJlbGF0aW9uczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qT2JqZWN0IEF0dGFjaG1lbnQ8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UGVyc29uYWxpdHkgQXNzZXNzbWVudDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5S
ZWFjdGl2ZSBBdHRhY2htZW50IERpc29yZGVyLypkaWFnbm9zaXMvKnBzeWNob2xvZ3k8L2tleXdv
cmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UmlzayBGYWN0b3JzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlNleCBGYWN0b3JzPC9r
ZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMTA8L3llYXI+PHB1Yi1kYXRlcz48ZGF0
ZT5NYXItQXByPC9kYXRlPjwvcHViLWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MTQ2Ny04NjI0IChFbGVj
dHJvbmljKSYjeEQ7MDAwOS0zOTIwIChMaW5raW5nKTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT4yMDQz
ODQ1MDwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48d29yay10eXBlPk1ldGEtQW5hbHlzaXMmI3hEO1Jlc2VhcmNo
IFN1cHBvcnQsIE5vbi1VLlMuIEdvdiZhcG9zO3Q8L3dvcmstdHlwZT48dXJscz48cmVsYXRlZC11
cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0cDovL3d3dy5uY2JpLm5sbS5uaWguZ292L3B1Ym1lZC8yMDQzODQ1MDwvdXJs
PjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAuMTExMS9q
LjE0NjctODYyNC4yMDA5LjAxNDA1Lng8L2VsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjxsYW5ndWFn
ZT5lbmc8L2xhbmd1YWdlPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48Q2l0ZT48QXV0aG9yPkdyb2g8L0F1dGhv
cj48WWVhcj4yMDEyPC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNOdW0+MTUxMjk8L1JlY051bT48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVt
YmVyPjE1MTI5PC9yZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0i
cHRwYTB2OWE3NXpmZjZlOXpwdHBkc3J1dnZ4OXAwdHJkd2EyIj4xNTEyOTwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWln
bi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29u
dHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+R3JvaCwgQS4gTS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlJv
aXNtYW4sIEcuIEkuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj52YW4gSWp6ZW5kb29ybiwgTS4gSC48L2F1dGhv
cj48YXV0aG9yPkJha2VybWFucy1LcmFuZW5idXJnLCBNLiBKLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+RmVh
cm9uLCBSLiBQLjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNz
PkRlcGFydG1lbnQsIFVuaXZlcnNpdHkgb2YgSWxsaW5vaXMgYXQgVXJiYW5hLUNoYW1wYWlnbiwg
NjAzIEUuIERhbmllbCBTdHJlZXQsIENoYW1wYWlnbiwgSUwgNjE4MjAsIFVTQS4gYW1ncm9oMkBp
bGxpbm9pcy5lZHU8L2F1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5UaGUgc2lnbmlmaWNhbmNl
IG9mIGluc2VjdXJlIGFuZCBkaXNvcmdhbml6ZWQgYXR0YWNobWVudCBmb3IgY2hpbGRyZW4mYXBv
cztzIGludGVybmFsaXppbmcgc3ltcHRvbXM6IEEgbWV0YS1hbmFseXRpYyBzdHVkeTwvdGl0bGU+
PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5DaGlsZCBEZXZlbG9wbWVudDwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQt
dGl0bGU+Q2hpbGQgZGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQ8L2FsdC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGVyaW9kaWNhbD48
ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5DaGlsZCBEZXZlbG9wbWVudDwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPkNoaWxkIGRl
dmVsb3BtZW50PC9hYmJyLTE+PC9wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxhbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRs
ZT5DaGlsZCBEZXZlbG9wbWVudDwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPkNoaWxkIGRldmVsb3BtZW50
PC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48cGFnZXM+NTkxLTYxMDwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT44
Mzwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+MjwvbnVtYmVyPjxlZGl0aW9uPjIwMTIvMDEvMTM8L2VkaXRpb24+
PGtleXdvcmRzPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFkYXB0YXRpb24sIFBzeWNob2xvZ2ljYWw8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+QWdlIEZhY3RvcnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QW54aWV0eSBEaXNvcmRlcnMvZGlh
Z25vc2lzL3BzeWNob2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2hpbGQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+Q2hpbGQgQmVoYXZpb3IgRGlzb3JkZXJzL2RpYWdub3Npcy8qcHN5Y2hvbG9neTwva2V5d29y
ZD48a2V5d29yZD5DaGlsZCwgUHJlc2Nob29sPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkRlZmVuc2UgTWVj
aGFuaXNtczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5EZXByZXNzaXZlIERpc29yZGVyL2RpYWdub3Npcy9w
c3ljaG9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZlbWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1h
bnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KkludGVybmFsLUV4dGVybmFsIENvbnRyb2w8L2tleXdvcmQ+
PGtleXdvcmQ+TWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5QZXJzb25hbGl0eSBBc3Nlc3NtZW50PC9r
ZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlBlcnNvbmFsaXR5IERpc29yZGVycy9kaWFnbm9zaXMvcHN5Y2hvbG9n
eTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5SZWFjdGl2ZSBBdHRhY2htZW50IERpc29yZGVyL2RpYWdub3Np
cy8qcHN5Y2hvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Tb2NpYWwgQmVoYXZpb3IgRGlzb3JkZXJz
L2RpYWdub3Npcy9wc3ljaG9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlNvbWF0b2Zvcm0gRGlzb3Jk
ZXJzL2RpYWdub3Npcy9wc3ljaG9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlN0YXRpc3RpY3MgYXMg
VG9waWM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAxMjwveWVhcj48cHViLWRh
dGVzPjxkYXRlPk1hci1BcHI8L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4xNDY3LTg2
MjQgKEVsZWN0cm9uaWMpJiN4RDswMDA5LTM5MjAgKExpbmtpbmcpPC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24t
bnVtPjIyMjM1OTI4PC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx3b3JrLXR5cGU+TWV0YS1BbmFseXNpcyYjeEQ7
UmVzZWFyY2ggU3VwcG9ydCwgTm9uLVUuUy4gR292JmFwb3M7dCYjeEQ7UmVzZWFyY2ggU3VwcG9y
dCwgVS5TLiBHb3YmYXBvczt0LCBOb24tUC5ILlMuPC93b3JrLXR5cGU+PHVybHM+PHJlbGF0ZWQt
dXJscz48dXJsPmh0dHA6Ly93d3cubmNiaS5ubG0ubmloLmdvdi9wdWJtZWQvMjIyMzU5Mjg8L3Vy
bD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM+PGVsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjEwLjExMTEv
ai4xNDY3LTg2MjQuMjAxMS4wMTcxMS54PC9lbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT48bGFuZ3Vh
Z2U+ZW5nPC9sYW5ndWFnZT48L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5WYW4gSUp6ZW5k
b29ybjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTk8L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT41ODIyPC9SZWNOdW0+PHJlY29y
ZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj41ODIyPC9yZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVO
IiBkYi1pZD0icHRwYTB2OWE3NXpmZjZlOXpwdHBkc3J1dnZ4OXAwdHJkd2EyIj41ODIyPC9rZXk+
PC9mb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10
eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5WYW4gSUp6ZW5kb29ybiwgTS5ILjwv
YXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+U2NoZXVuZ2VsLCBDLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+QmFrZXJtYW5zLUty
YW5lbmJ1cmcsIE0uSi48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PHRpdGxlcz48
dGl0bGU+RGlzb3JnYW5pemVkIGF0dGFjaG1lbnQgaW4gZWFybHkgY2hpbGRob29kOiBNZXRhLWFu
YWx5c2lzIG9mIHByZWN1cnNvcnMsIGNvbmNvbWl0YW50cyBhbmQgc2VxdWVsYWU8L3RpdGxlPjxz
ZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+RGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQgYW5kIFBzeWNob3BhdGhvbG9neTwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5
LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+RGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQgYW5kIFBzeWNob3BhdGhvbG9neTwvYWx0LXRp
dGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkRldiBQc3ljaG9wYXRob2w8L2Z1
bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5EZXZlbG9wbWVudCBhbmQgcHN5Y2hvcGF0aG9sb2d5PC9hYmJyLTE+
PC9wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxhbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5EZXYgUHN5Y2hvcGF0aG9s
PC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+RGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQgYW5kIHBzeWNob3BhdGhvbG9neTwvYWJi
ci0xPjwvYWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PHBhZ2VzPjIyNS0yNDk8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+MjI8L3Zv
bHVtZT48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MTk5OTwveWVhcj48L2RhdGVzPjx1cmxzPjwvdXJscz48L3JlY29y
ZD48L0NpdGU+PC9FbmROb3RlPgB=
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj52YW4gSUp6ZW5kb29ybjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDg8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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Fearon, Bakermans-Kranenburg, van Ijzendoorn, Lapsley, & Roisman, 2010; Groh, Roisman, van Ijzendoorn, Bakermans-Kranenburg, & Fearon, 2012; van IJzendoorn & Bakermans-Kranenburg, 2008; Van IJzendoorn, Scheungel, & Bakermans-Kranenburg, 1999), and new evidence concerning the potential role of genetics in predictions from attachment classification PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5GZWFyb248L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEwPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5GZWFyb248L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEwPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Fearon, Shmueli-Goetz, Viding, Fonagy, & Plomin, 2013; Fearon et al., 2010; Groh et al., 2012) have all led commentators to voice increasing skepticism concerning models of anomalous personality development and the attachment construct ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Harris</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>16925</RecNum><DisplayText>(Harris, 2013)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16925</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16925</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Harris, B.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mother, Love (Review of </style><style face="italic" font="default" size="100%">The nature and nurture of love: From imprinting to attachment in Cold War America</style><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> by Marga Vicedo)</style></title><secondary-title>Science</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Science</full-title></periodical><pages>926</pages><volume>340</volume><number>6135</number><dates><year>2013</year></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1126/science.1238506 </electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>(Harris, 2013). Even if significant, the weakness of prediction from early attachment suggests that it is unlikely to constitute the final common pathway for personality dysfunction. We and others have sought to address this concern by arguing that the capacity to mentalize, that is, to understand ourselves and others in terms of mental states, which is largely acquired in the context of attachment relationships, may be more important than attachment per se PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Gb25hZ3k8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk4PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Gb25hZ3k8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk4PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Fonagy, 1998; Fonagy & Bateman, 2008; Fonagy, Target, Gergely, Allen, & Bateman, 2003). But an emphasis on mentalizing in and of itself may suffer from the same limitations as an exclusive emphasis on sexuality, aggression, and attachment: that is, insufficient power to account for the complexity to provide a probable final common pathway. This brings us to the importance of a third human instinct: communication.Whether unique to Homo sapiens or shared with Neanderthals, communication is undoubtedly the instinct that drives the transmission of knowledge and culture that made our African ancestors unique in evolutionary history. Culture stands in opposition to that which is inherited and denotes behaviors that are acquired and can characterize a social group ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Adamson Hoebel</Author><Year>1966</Year><RecNum>16926</RecNum><DisplayText>(Adamson Hoebel, 1966)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16926</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16926</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Adamson Hoebel, E.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Anthropology: The study of man</title></titles><dates><year>1966</year></dates><pub-location>New York, NY</pub-location><publisher>McGraw-Hill</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Adamson Hoebel, 1966). However, if culture is defined as any learned behavior, it clearly applies to animals as well as humans. It certainly describes all primate species that have highly evolved capacities for cognitive mapping, object characterization, creative problem solving, and so on. In fact, shared social skills also characterize primates, including the recognition of third-party social relationships and the prediction of future behavior ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Tomasello</Author><Year>1997</Year><RecNum>8728</RecNum><DisplayText>(Tomasello & Call, 1997)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>8728</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">8728</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Tomasello, M.</author><author>Call, J.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Primate cognition</title></titles><dates><year>1997</year></dates><pub-location>Oxford, UK</pub-location><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Tomasello & Call, 1997). However, critically, according to Tomasello ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite ExcludeAuth="1"><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>16905</RecNum><Suffix>`, p. 105</Suffix><DisplayText>(2014, p. 105)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16905</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16905</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Tomasello, M.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>A natural history of human thinking</title></titles><dates><year>2014</year></dates><pub-location>Cambridge, MA</pub-location><publisher>Harvard University Press</publisher><isbn>978-0674724778</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(2014, p. 105), while certain primates have shown an ability to learn some form of human-like communication, some key elements of human communication are missing, namely, “all of those aspects of human grammar that conceptually structure constructions for others and their knowledge, expectations, and perspective.” Tomasello ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite ExcludeAuth="1"><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>16905</RecNum><DisplayText>(2014)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16905</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16905</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Tomasello, M.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>A natural history of human thinking</title></titles><dates><year>2014</year></dates><pub-location>Cambridge, MA</pub-location><publisher>Harvard University Press</publisher><isbn>978-0674724778</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(2014) stresses that all aspects of thinking that are unique to humans are fundamentally socially constituted. Tomasello ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite ExcludeAuth="1"><Year>1997</Year><RecNum>8728</RecNum><DisplayText>(1997)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>8728</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">8728</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Tomasello, M.</author><author>Call, J.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Primate cognition</title></titles><dates><year>1997</year></dates><pub-location>Oxford, UK</pub-location><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(1997) suggests that the evolution of human as distinct from nonhuman culture consisted of three parallel threads: (1) the creation and use of conventional symbols, which includes the use of spoken and written forms, language, and other forms of symbolization, such as music; (2) the creation of complex implements (tools) and their application in increasingly sophisticated technology; and (3) the creation of complex social systems, structures and organizations to facilitate social interaction. The weaving together of these threads yields the intergenerational transfer of knowledge which replaced DNA to became the hallmark of human evolution about 300 millennia ago ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Wilson</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>16953</RecNum><DisplayText>(Wilson, 2013)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16953</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16953</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Wilson, D. S.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Human cultures are primarily adaptive at the group level</title><secondary-title>Cliodynamics: The Journal of Theoretical and Mathematical History</secondary-title></titles><pages>102–138</pages><volume>4</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2013</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Wilson, 2013) constitutes culture upon which we rely as the shared and generalizable store of knowledge defining individual and group adaptation. Tomasello ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite ExcludeAuth="1"><Year>1999</Year><RecNum>8648</RecNum><DisplayText>(1999)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>8648</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">8648</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Tomasello, M</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The cultural origins of human cognition</title></titles><dates><year>1999</year></dates><pub-location>Cambridge, MA</pub-location><publisher>Harvard University Press</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(1999) argues that the emergence of culture is based on the “ratchet effect”, whereby social learning for which evolution has prepared us allows knowledge to be accumulated and retained within a social group until a better solution to the same problem comes along.Emulative and Imitative LearningIn Tomasello’s model, knowledge transmission depends on the combination of an imitative component and a symbolic representation of experience. In nonhuman primates, learning focuses on environmental events that have coalesced to produce a desirable change. This is termed emulative learning. Emulative learning does not include reproducing an instrumental act understood intentionally. This latter feature makes genuine imitative learning distinct. When a human infant learns to look not only at an object but at the adult caregiver’s direction of gaze, the infant prepares to act on an object in the way the adult is observed to be acting on it. Tomasello and others ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Moore</Author><Year>1995</Year><RecNum>16927</RecNum><Prefix>e.g.`, </Prefix><DisplayText>(e.g., Moore & Dunham, 1995)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16927</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16927</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Moore, C.</author><author>Dunham, P. J.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Joint attention: Its origins and role in development</title></titles><dates><year>1995</year></dates><pub-location>Hillsdale, NJ</pub-location><publisher>Lawrence Erlbaum Associates</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(e.g., Moore & Dunham, 1995) suggest that such joint attention is a clear indication of the infant’s growing recognition of others as intentional agents who are not victims of circumstance but rather can be expected to have the capacity to regulate and direct their behavior. Tomasello suggests that the key feature of cultural (imitative) learning is the understanding that others act for internal reasons and, like oneself, have a perspective on the world that may be understood and shared. By taking intention as the primary determinant of knowledge transmission, imitative learning focuses the learner on the objective rather than the physical context. By contrast, primate emulative learning is determined by what is most efficient in a particular environment PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5OYWdlbGw8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTkzPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5OYWdlbGw8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTkzPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Nagell, Olguin, & Tomasello, 1993). Thus, the essence of culture, as embodied in imitative learning, is its capacity to liberate from immediate exigencies and achieve independence from the physical environment. Its selective advantage is inherently bound up with change. In a stable physical environment, we may expect the chimpanzee to outperform the human, but the human imitation model enables adaptation to a far wider range of physical environments via the complex social system that accumulates knowledge and preserves creativity. The Use of ToolsThe key distinguishing feature of human adaptation is the acquisition of knowledge that is transmitted to us by our social group. As Gergely and Jacob PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGUgRXhjbHVkZUF1dGg9IjEiPjxZZWFyPjIwMTI8L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT4x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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGUgRXhjbHVkZUF1dGg9IjEiPjxZZWFyPjIwMTI8L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT4x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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (2012) suggest, this to be necessary because of the learnability problem created by the increasing use of tools. Human beings’ extensive use of epistemically opaque tools (“opaque” in the sense that their proper use and the procedure for their creation are not clear from their structure) presents the infant with a learning challenge. The infant must rapidly develop knowledge of the properties and use of tools that integrates both procedural and semantic information that is freed from (not restricted to) any particular environmental context in which he/she may have observed the tool being used. The capacity for acquiring and retaining this information depends on the ability to generalize knowledge related to the tool across contexts. If the infant is to carry forward (or “ratchet”, to use Tomasello’s term) intelligence in relation to that object, knowledge about how it can be used in other contexts needs to be transmitted. Although in the case of simple tools it is not impossible to learn about their use by observation, in the case of more complex tools (e.g., those that are used to create other desired tools) neither their purpose nor the intentions of the user are transparent, and so the need for communication becomes paramount. The capacity for communication—both emitting and receiving—provides an overwhelming selective advantage in relation to the appropriate and fully functional use of (multipurpose) instruments PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5FbmdlbHM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xODc2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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 EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5FbmdlbHM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xODc2PC9ZZWFyPjxS
ZWNOdW0+MTY5MzA8L1JlY051bT48RGlzcGxheVRleHQ+KEVuZ2VscywgMTg3NjsgR2VyZ2VseSAm
YW1wOyBKYWNvYiwgMjAxMik8L0Rpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MTY5MzA8
L3JlYy1udW1iZXI+PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSJwdHBhMHY5YTc1
emZmNmU5enB0cGRzcnV2dng5cDB0cmR3YTIiPjE2OTMwPC9rZXk+PC9mb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJl
Zi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkJvb2sgU2VjdGlvbiI+NTwvcmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0
aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPkVuZ2VscywgRjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LWF1dGhv
cnM+PGF1dGhvcj5FbmdlbHMsIEY8L2F1dGhvcj48L3NlY29uZGFyeS1hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJp
YnV0b3JzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPlRoZSBwYXJ0IHBsYXllZCBieSBsYWJvdXIgaW4gdGhlIHRy
YW5zaXRpb24gZnJvbSBhcGUgdG8gbWFuPC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPkRpYWxlY3Rp
Y3Mgb2YgbmF0dXJlICgxODgzKTwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVh
cj4xODc2PC95ZWFyPjwvZGF0ZXM+PHB1Yi1sb2NhdGlvbj5Mb25kb24sIFVLPC9wdWItbG9jYXRp
b24+PHB1Ymxpc2hlcj5XZWxscmVkICgyMDEyKTwvcHVibGlzaGVyPjx1cmxzPjwvdXJscz48L3Jl
Y29yZD48L0NpdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HZXJnZWx5PC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVh
cj48UmVjTnVtPjE2ODg3PC9SZWNOdW0+PHJlY29yZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj4xNjg4NzwvcmVjLW51
bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9InB0cGEwdjlhNzV6ZmY2ZTl6
cHRwZHNydXZ2eDlwMHRyZHdhMiI+MTY4ODc8L2tleT48L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUg
bmFtZT0iQm9vayBTZWN0aW9uIj41PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxh
dXRob3I+R2VyZ2VseSwgRy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkphY29iLCBQLjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0
aG9ycz48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LWF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5KLiBCLiBCZW5zb248L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0
aG9yPkYuIFh1PC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5ULiBLdXNobmlyPC9hdXRob3I+PC9zZWNvbmRhcnkt
YXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPkRlcGFydG1lbnQgb2YgQ29nbml0
aXZlIFNjaWVuY2UsIENvZ25pdGl2ZSBEZXZlbG9wbWVudCBDZW50ZXIsIENlbnRyYWwgRXVyb3Bl
YW4gVW5pdmVyc2l0eSwgMTAxNSBCdWRhcGVzdCwgSGF0dHl0dSAxNCwgSHVuZ2FyeS4gZ2VyZ2Vs
eWd5QGNldS5odTwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPlJlYXNvbmluZyBhYm91dCBp
bnN0cnVtZW50YWwgYW5kIGNvbW11bmljYXRpdmUgYWdlbmN5IGluIGh1bWFuIGluZmFuY3k8L3Rp
dGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+QWR2YW5jZXMgaW4gY2hpbGQgZGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQgYW5kIGJl
aGF2aW9yLiBWb2wgNDM6IFJhdGlvbmFsIGNvbnN0cnVjdGl2aXNtIGluIGNvZ25pdGl2ZSBkZXZl
bG9wbWVudDwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+QWR2YW5jZXMgaW4gY2hpbGQgZGV2
ZWxvcG1lbnQgYW5kIGJlaGF2aW9yPC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PHBhZ2VzPjU5LTk0PC9w
YWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjQzPC92b2x1bWU+PGVkaXRpb24+MjAxMi8xMi8wNTwvZWRpdGlvbj48a2V5
d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QXNzb2NpYXRpb24gTGVhcm5pbmc8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QXR0
ZW50aW9uPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkJheWVzIFRoZW9yZW08L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+
Q2hvaWNlIEJlaGF2aW9yPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipDb2duaXRpb248L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+KkNvbW11bmljYXRpb248L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KkNvbmNlcHQgRm9ybWF0aW9u
PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkN1bHR1cmU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RGVjaXNpb24gTWFr
aW5nPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkdlbmVyYWxpemF0aW9uIChQc3ljaG9sb2d5KTwva2V5d29y
ZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SW1pdGF0aXZlIEJlaGF2aW9yPC9r
ZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkluZmFudDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qSW50ZW50aW9uPC9rZXl3
b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1vdGl2YXRpb248L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+T3JpZW50YXRpb248L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UGF0dGVybiBSZWNvZ25pdGlvbiwgVmlzdWFsPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3
b3JkPipQcm9iYWJpbGl0eSBMZWFybmluZzwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qUHJvYmxlbSBTb2x2
aW5nPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlRoZW9yeSBvZiBNaW5kPC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+
PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMTI8L3llYXI+PC9kYXRlcz48cHViLWxvY2F0aW9uPldhbHRoYW0sIE1B
PC9wdWItbG9jYXRpb24+PHB1Ymxpc2hlcj5BY2FkZW1pYyBQcmVzcy9FbHNldmllcjwvcHVibGlz
aGVyPjxpc2JuPjAwNjUtMjQwNyAoUHJpbnQpJiN4RDswMDY1LTI0MDcgKExpbmtpbmcpPC9pc2Ju
PjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjIzMjA1NDA4PC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx3b3JrLXR5cGU+UmV2aWV3
PC93b3JrLXR5cGU+PHVybHM+PHJlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48dXJsPmh0dHA6Ly93d3cubmNiaS5ubG0u
bmloLmdvdi9wdWJtZWQvMjMyMDU0MDg8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM+PGxhbmd1
YWdlPmVuZzwvbGFuZ3VhZ2U+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjwvRW5kTm90ZT4A
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Engels, 1876; Gergely & Jacob, 2012). So how is knowledge transferred between the generations? In order to benefit from communication, individuals must remain vigilant about the truth value of information they receive. Without such epistemic vigilance ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Sperber</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>16671</RecNum><DisplayText>(Sperber et al., 2010)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16671</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16671</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Sperber, D.</author><author>Clement, F.</author><author>Heintz, C.</author><author>Mascaro, O.</author><author>Mercier, H.</author><author>Origgi, G.</author><author>Wilson, D.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Sperber, D
Ecole Normale Super, Inst Jean Nicod, EHESS, CNRS, Pavillon Jardin 29,Rue Ulm, F-75005 Paris, France
Ecole Normale Super, Inst Jean Nicod, EHESS, CNRS, Pavillon Jardin 29,Rue Ulm, F-75005 Paris, France
Ecole Normale Super, Inst Jean Nicod, EHESS, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
Cent European Univ, Dept Philosophy, Cognit Dev Ctr, Budapest, Hungary
Univ Lausanne, Dept Sci Sociales, Lab Sociol, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Univ Penn, PPE Program, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
UCL, Dept Linguist, London WC1E 6BT, England
Univ Oslo, CSMN, N-0316 Oslo, Norway</auth-address><titles><title>Epistemic vigilance</title><secondary-title>Mind & Language</secondary-title><alt-title>Mind Lang</alt-title></titles><pages>359-393</pages><volume>25</volume><number>4</number><keywords><keyword>false-belief</keyword><keyword>learning words</keyword><keyword>information</keyword><keyword>deception</keyword><keyword>knowledge</keyword><keyword>trust</keyword><keyword>preschoolers</keyword><keyword>mind</keyword><keyword>children</keyword><keyword>speakers</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2010</year><pub-dates><date>Sep</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0268-1064</isbn><accession-num>ISI:000281141000001</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><Go to ISI>://000281141000001</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1111/j.1468-0017.2010.01394.x</electronic-resource-num><language>English</language></record></Cite></EndNote>(Sperber et al., 2010), they run the risk of being misinformed, either accidentally or intentionally, because as soon as the direct correspondence with situation and context is abandoned “anything goes”; there can be no directly observable evidence of truth. From an evolutionary perspective this gives a substantial selection advantage to the individual with the skill to misinform competitors but, more importantly, to those with the ability to discern and act on accurate information ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Sperber</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>16671</RecNum><DisplayText>(Sperber et al., 2010)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16671</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16671</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Sperber, D.</author><author>Clement, F.</author><author>Heintz, C.</author><author>Mascaro, O.</author><author>Mercier, H.</author><author>Origgi, G.</author><author>Wilson, D.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Sperber, D
Ecole Normale Super, Inst Jean Nicod, EHESS, CNRS, Pavillon Jardin 29,Rue Ulm, F-75005 Paris, France
Ecole Normale Super, Inst Jean Nicod, EHESS, CNRS, Pavillon Jardin 29,Rue Ulm, F-75005 Paris, France
Ecole Normale Super, Inst Jean Nicod, EHESS, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
Cent European Univ, Dept Philosophy, Cognit Dev Ctr, Budapest, Hungary
Univ Lausanne, Dept Sci Sociales, Lab Sociol, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Univ Penn, PPE Program, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
UCL, Dept Linguist, London WC1E 6BT, England
Univ Oslo, CSMN, N-0316 Oslo, Norway</auth-address><titles><title>Epistemic vigilance</title><secondary-title>Mind & Language</secondary-title><alt-title>Mind Lang</alt-title></titles><pages>359-393</pages><volume>25</volume><number>4</number><keywords><keyword>false-belief</keyword><keyword>learning words</keyword><keyword>information</keyword><keyword>deception</keyword><keyword>knowledge</keyword><keyword>trust</keyword><keyword>preschoolers</keyword><keyword>mind</keyword><keyword>children</keyword><keyword>speakers</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2010</year><pub-dates><date>Sep</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0268-1064</isbn><accession-num>ISI:000281141000001</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><Go to ISI>://000281141000001</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1111/j.1468-0017.2010.01394.x</electronic-resource-num><language>English</language></record></Cite></EndNote>(Sperber et al., 2010). Epistemic Trust and Culturally Transmitted BeliefsThere are two ways that individuals accept culturally transmitted beliefs into their own personal reservoir of knowledge: either because of their content (deductively) or because of the authority of their source PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TcGVyYmVyPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVhcj48
UmVjTnVtPjE2NjcxPC9SZWNOdW0+PERpc3BsYXlUZXh0PihTcGVyYmVyIGV0IGFsLiwgMjAxMDsg
V2lsc29uICZhbXA7IFNwZXJiZXIsIDIwMTIpPC9EaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVt
YmVyPjE2NjcxPC9yZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0i
cHRwYTB2OWE3NXpmZjZlOXpwdHBkc3J1dnZ4OXAwdHJkd2EyIj4xNjY3MTwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWln
bi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29u
dHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+U3BlcmJlciwgRC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkNs
ZW1lbnQsIEYuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5IZWludHosIEMuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5NYXNj
YXJvLCBPLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+TWVyY2llciwgSC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPk9yaWdn
aSwgRy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPldpbHNvbiwgRC48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250
cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5TcGVyYmVyLCBEJiN4RDtFY29sZSBOb3JtYWxlIFN1cGVy
LCBJbnN0IEplYW4gTmljb2QsIEVIRVNTLCBDTlJTLCBQYXZpbGxvbiBKYXJkaW4gMjksUnVlIFVs
bSwgRi03NTAwNSBQYXJpcywgRnJhbmNlJiN4RDtFY29sZSBOb3JtYWxlIFN1cGVyLCBJbnN0IEpl
YW4gTmljb2QsIEVIRVNTLCBDTlJTLCBQYXZpbGxvbiBKYXJkaW4gMjksUnVlIFVsbSwgRi03NTAw
NSBQYXJpcywgRnJhbmNlJiN4RDtFY29sZSBOb3JtYWxlIFN1cGVyLCBJbnN0IEplYW4gTmljb2Qs
IEVIRVNTLCBDTlJTLCBGLTc1MDA1IFBhcmlzLCBGcmFuY2UmI3hEO0NlbnQgRXVyb3BlYW4gVW5p
diwgRGVwdCBQaGlsb3NvcGh5LCBDb2duaXQgRGV2IEN0ciwgQnVkYXBlc3QsIEh1bmdhcnkmI3hE
O1VuaXYgTGF1c2FubmUsIERlcHQgU2NpIFNvY2lhbGVzLCBMYWIgU29jaW9sLCBDSC0xMDE1IExh
dXNhbm5lLCBTd2l0emVybGFuZCYjeEQ7VW5pdiBQZW5uLCBQUEUgUHJvZ3JhbSwgUGhpbGFkZWxw
aGlhLCBQQSAxOTEwNCBVU0EmI3hEO1VDTCwgRGVwdCBMaW5ndWlzdCwgTG9uZG9uIFdDMUUgNkJU
LCBFbmdsYW5kJiN4RDtVbml2IE9zbG8sIENTTU4sIE4tMDMxNiBPc2xvLCBOb3J3YXk8L2F1dGgt
YWRkcmVzcz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5FcGlzdGVtaWMgdmlnaWxhbmNlPC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25k
YXJ5LXRpdGxlPk1pbmQgJmFtcDsgTGFuZ3VhZ2U8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48YWx0LXRpdGxl
Pk1pbmQgTGFuZzwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwYWdlcz4zNTktMzkzPC9wYWdlcz48dm9s
dW1lPjI1PC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj40PC9udW1iZXI+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxrZXl3b3JkPmZhbHNl
LWJlbGllZjwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5sZWFybmluZyB3b3Jkczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29y
ZD5pbmZvcm1hdGlvbjwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5kZWNlcHRpb248L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+a25vd2xlZGdlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPnRydXN0PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPnBy
ZXNjaG9vbGVyczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5taW5kPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPmNoaWxk
cmVuPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPnNwZWFrZXJzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRhdGVz
Pjx5ZWFyPjIwMTA8L3llYXI+PHB1Yi1kYXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5TZXA8L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0ZXM+
PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4wMjY4LTEwNjQ8L2lzYm4+PGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+SVNJOjAwMDI4MTE0
MTAwMDAwMTwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+Jmx0O0dvIHRv
IElTSSZndDs6Ly8wMDAyODExNDEwMDAwMDE8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM+PGVs
ZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjEwLjExMTEvai4xNDY4LTAwMTcuMjAxMC4wMTM5NC54PC9l
bGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT48bGFuZ3VhZ2U+RW5nbGlzaDwvbGFuZ3VhZ2U+PC9yZWNv
cmQ+PC9DaXRlPjxDaXRlPjxBdXRob3I+V2lsc29uPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48
UmVjTnVtPjE2Njk4PC9SZWNOdW0+PHJlY29yZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj4xNjY5ODwvcmVjLW51bWJl
cj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9InB0cGEwdjlhNzV6ZmY2ZTl6cHRw
ZHNydXZ2eDlwMHRyZHdhMiI+MTY2OTg8L2tleT48L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFt
ZT0iQm9vayI+NjwvcmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPldpbHNv
biwgRC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlNwZXJiZXIsIEQuPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29u
dHJpYnV0b3JzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPk1lYW5pbmcgYW5kIHJlbGV2YW5jZTwvdGl0bGU+PC90
aXRsZXM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMTI8L3llYXI+PC9kYXRlcz48cHViLWxvY2F0aW9uPkNhbWJy
aWRnZSwgVUs8L3B1Yi1sb2NhdGlvbj48cHVibGlzaGVyPkNhbWJyaWRnZSBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IFBy
ZXNzPC9wdWJsaXNoZXI+PHVybHM+PC91cmxzPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48L0VuZE5vdGU+AG==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TcGVyYmVyPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVhcj48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==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Sperber et al., 2010; Wilson & Sperber, 2012). For example, believing in witches no longer corresponds to the other beliefs we hold about the material character of the natural world. Grasping these deductive relations is a mostly unconscious process and is linked with the ready acquisition of knowledge that is consistent with expectations. Perhaps more effort may be involved in testing content through examining and exploring inductive relations to the evidence. This has to be in accordance with principles of theoretical rationality of the agent who is the subject of imitation. Both these forms of computation require relatively high-level reasoning capacity and may be less efficient than simply accepting an account on the basis of authority. We are clearly at an advantage if, rather than having to “work it out”, we can simply “assume it to be so” because the source of the information is known to us, and is recalled and assessed as a reliable and trustworthy originator of knowledge in general or in this context specifically. Such “deferentially transmitted” ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Recanati</Author><Year>1997</Year><RecNum>16868</RecNum><DisplayText>(Recanati, 1997)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16868</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16868</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Recanati, F.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Recanati, F
Ecole Polytech,Crea,1 Rue Descartes,F-75005 Paris,France
Ecole Polytech,Crea,1 Rue Descartes,F-75005 Paris,France</auth-address><titles><title>Can we believe what we do not understand?</title><secondary-title>Mind & Language</secondary-title><alt-title>Mind Lang</alt-title></titles><pages>84-100</pages><volume>12</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>1997</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0268-1064</isbn><accession-num>ISI:A1997XD14200005</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><Go to ISI>://A1997XD14200005</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1111/1468-0017.00037</electronic-resource-num><language>English</language></record></Cite></EndNote>(Recanati, 1997) knowledge is taken to be shared common knowledge amongst members of one’s community because of certain characteristic features of the communication, which lift the barrier of epistemic vigilance and encourage the human learner to incorporate that form of knowledge as known and shared by everyone belonging to their group PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HZXJnZWx5PC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HZXJnZWx5PC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Gergely & Jacob, 2012). Natural Pedagogy, Ostensive cues, and the “Epistemic Superhighway”Why is one piece of information acquired in this way embraced as part of one’s social inheritance while another is rejected, or rather treated as situationally pertinent knowledge and not generalized beyond the current physical situation? The theory of natural pedagogy (ToNP) ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Csibra</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>11699</RecNum><DisplayText>(Csibra & Gergely, 2009)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>11699</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">11699</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Csibra, G.</author><author>Gergely, G.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Philosophy, Central European University, Nador u. 9., H-1051 Budapest, Hungary. csibrag@ceu.hu</auth-address><titles><title>Natural pedagogy</title><secondary-title>Trends in Cognitive Sciences</secondary-title><alt-title>Trends in cognitive sciences</alt-title></titles><pages>148-53</pages><volume>13</volume><number>4</number><edition>2009/03/17</edition><keywords><keyword>Child Development</keyword><keyword>*Communication</keyword><keyword>Concept Formation/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Infant</keyword><keyword>Learning/physiology</keyword><keyword>*Social Behavior</keyword><keyword>*Social Perception</keyword><keyword>Teaching</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2009</year><pub-dates><date>Apr</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1364-6613 (Print)
1364-6613 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>19285912</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;(Csibra & Gergely, 2009) posits a human-specific, cue-driven social cognitive adaptation of mutual design dedicated to ensure the most effective and efficient transfer of culturally relevant knowledge. Following Tomasello ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Tomasello</Author><Year>2008</Year><RecNum>16931</RecNum><DisplayText>(Tomasello, 2008)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16931</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16931</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Tomasello, M.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Origins of human communication</title></titles><dates><year>2008</year></dates><pub-location>Cambridge, MA</pub-location><publisher>MIT Press</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Tomasello, 2008), Csibra and Gergely argue that humans have evolved to learn, but, corresponding to this, also to teach. Human communication is the evolutionary product of the requirement to transmit cognitively opaque cultural knowledge—generic knowledge that is robust to interference, is kind generalizable, and becomes experienced as shared in the sense that it immediately generates an expectation that others belonging to the same social group possesses this knowledge. Bertrand Russell ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite ExcludeAuth="1"><Year>1940</Year><RecNum>16695</RecNum><DisplayText>(1940)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16695</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16695</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Russell, B.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>An inquiry into meaning and truth</title></titles><dates><year>1940</year></dates><pub-location>London, UK</pub-location><publisher>Allen & Unwin</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(1940) pointed to the process of ostentiation in communication. Csibra and Gergely use this idea ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite ExcludeAuth="1"><Year>1995</Year><RecNum>8909</RecNum><Prefix>also discussed by Sperber and Wilson </Prefix><DisplayText>(also discussed by Sperber and Wilson 1995)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>8909</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">8909</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Sperber, D.</author><author>Wilson, D.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Relevance: Communication and cognition</title></titles><edition>2nd</edition><dates><year>1995</year></dates><pub-location>Malden, MA</pub-location><publisher>Blackwell</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(also discussed by Sperber and Wilson 1995), suggesting that certain signals are used by an agent to alert the addressee that the agent intends to communicate. These signals are a cue to limit epistemic vigilance. Ostensive cues alert the recipient of the communication that the subsequent pieces of knowledge will be relevant information and should be incorporated with cultural knowledge. The information can be laid down and used as part of procedural and semantic memory, not uniquely or primarily episodic memory. The distinction between these memory systems is well established in neuroscience ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Squire</Author><Year>2004</Year><RecNum>16699</RecNum><DisplayText>(Squire, 2004)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16699</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16699</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Squire, L. R.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA. lsquire@ucsd.edu</auth-address><titles><title>Memory systems of the brain: A brief history and current perspective</title><secondary-title>Neurobiology of Learning and Memory</secondary-title><alt-title>Neurobiology of learning and memory</alt-title></titles><pages>171-7</pages><volume>82</volume><number>3</number><edition>2004/10/07</edition><keywords><keyword>Animals</keyword><keyword>Brain/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Cognition/*physiology</keyword><keyword>History, 19th Century</keyword><keyword>History, 20th Century</keyword><keyword>History, 21st Century</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Memory/classification/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Neurobiology/history</keyword><keyword>Neuropsychology/history</keyword><keyword>Psychological Theory</keyword><keyword>*Systems Theory</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2004</year><pub-dates><date>Nov</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1074-7427 (Print)
1074-7427 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>15464402</accession-num><work-type>Historical Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
Review</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>;(Squire, 2004). Human infants display a species-specific sensitivity in relation to certain nonverbal ostensive behavioral signals PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Dc2licmE8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Dc2licmE8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Csibra & Gergely, 2006; Csibra & Gergely, 2009, 2011). They attend preferentially to such signals and the impact of these signals on their behavior is readily apparent. Ostensive cues include eye contact, turn-taking contingent reactivity, and the use of a special vocal tone, all of which appear to trigger a special mode of learning in the infant. Ostensive communicative cues such as being called by name trigger the pedagogic stance. By using ostensive cues—both in childhood and in adulthood—the communicator explicitly recognizes the listener as a person with intentionality. When the listener is paid special attention to and noticed as an agent, he/she adopts an attitude of epistemic trust and is thus ready to receive personally relevant knowledge about the social world that goes beyond the specific experience. In this way knowledge that is relevant in many settings is acquired. Ostensive cues thus trigger epistemic trust. They set aside the biological protection to “being misled” provided by epistemic vigilance. They open a channel of information exchange designed by evolution to transmit and assist in receiving knowledge about the social and personally relevant world, going beyond the individual’s specific experience. The information is retained and encoded with the authority but not the person of the communicator. Epistemic trust is there to ensure that we can safely change our position and triggers the opening of an evolutionarily protected “epistemic highway” that signals readiness for knowledge acquisition. Csibra and Gergely ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite ExcludeAuth="1"><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>11699</RecNum><DisplayText>(2009)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>11699</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">11699</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Csibra, G.</author><author>Gergely, G.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Philosophy, Central European University, Nador u. 9., H-1051 Budapest, Hungary. csibrag@ceu.hu</auth-address><titles><title>Natural pedagogy</title><secondary-title>Trends in Cognitive Sciences</secondary-title><alt-title>Trends in cognitive sciences</alt-title></titles><pages>148-53</pages><volume>13</volume><number>4</number><edition>2009/03/17</edition><keywords><keyword>Child Development</keyword><keyword>*Communication</keyword><keyword>Concept Formation/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Infant</keyword><keyword>Learning/physiology</keyword><keyword>*Social Behavior</keyword><keyword>*Social Perception</keyword><keyword>Teaching</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2009</year><pub-dates><date>Apr</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1364-6613 (Print)
1364-6613 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>19285912</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;(2009) summarize several intriguing developmental experiments, which give powerful support to the ToNP. They offer compelling evidence from infancy for the power of this dialogic learning process. For example, in one simple demonstration, 6-month-old infants were shown to follow an agent’s gaze shift selectively to an object only if the gaze shift had been preceded by either eye contact with the infant or infant-directed speech ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Senju</Author><Year>2008</Year><RecNum>16664</RecNum><DisplayText>(Senju & Csibra, 2008)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16664</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16664</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Senju, A.</author><author>Csibra, G.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>School of Psychology, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK. a.senju@bbk.ac.uk</auth-address><titles><title>Gaze following in human infants depends on communicative signals</title><secondary-title>Current Biology</secondary-title><alt-title>Current biology : CB</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Current Biology</full-title><abbr-1>Current biology : CB</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Current Biology</full-title><abbr-1>Current biology : CB</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>668-71</pages><volume>18</volume><number>9</number><edition>2008/04/29</edition><keywords><keyword>Attention/*physiology</keyword><keyword>*Communication</keyword><keyword>Eye Movements/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Imitative Behavior/physiology</keyword><keyword>Infant</keyword><keyword>Infant Behavior/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2008</year><pub-dates><date>May 6</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0960-9822 (Print)
0960-9822 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>18439827</accession-num><work-type>Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>;(Senju & Csibra, 2008). Shared attention with an agent is triggered by the infant experiencing the agent’s interest. The interest triggers the infant’s expectation (epistemic trust) that there may be something relevant for the infant to learn. Attachment and Epistemic TrustCrucially, learning about culturally transmitted and relevant knowledge thus first takes places in the context of attachment relationships. This brings us back to the study of personality disorders. Studies of attachment have shown that secure attachment is driven by sensitive responsiveness contingent upon an infant’s reaction ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Belsky</Author><Year>2008</Year><RecNum>15301</RecNum><DisplayText>(Belsky & Fearon, 2008; Marvin & Britner, 2008)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>15301</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">15301</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book Section">5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Belsky, J.</author><author>Fearon, P. R. M.</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>J. Cassidy</author><author>P. R. Shaver</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>Precursors of attachment security</title><secondary-title>Handbook of attachment theory and research</secondary-title></titles><pages>295-316</pages><edition>2nd</edition><dates><year>2008</year></dates><pub-location>New York, NY</pub-location><publisher>Guilford Press</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Marvin</Author><Year>2008</Year><RecNum>16765</RecNum><record><rec-number>16765</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16765</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book Section">5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Marvin, R. S.</author><author>Britner, P. A.</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>J. Cassidy</author><author>P. R. Shaver</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>Normal development: The ontogeny of attachment</title><secondary-title>Handbook of attachment theory and research</secondary-title></titles><pages>269-294</pages><edition>2nd</edition><dates><year>2008</year></dates><pub-location>New York, NY</pub-location><publisher>Guilford Press</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Belsky & Fearon, 2008; Marvin & Britner, 2008). But at least equally—and in our opinion perhaps even more—important is that secure attachment is created by a system that is capable of simultaneously generating a sense of epistemic trust. While secure attachment may not be a necessary condition for generating epistemic trust, it may be a sufficient condition, which is the most pervasive in early childhood because it is a highly evolutionarily effective indicator of trustworthiness. In order to survive, the child needs to overcome the self-preservative barrier created by natural epistemic vigilance and open his/her mind to acquiring the myriad pieces of culturally relevant information they will need. Attachment may be seen as part of a mechanism of deferential knowledge transmission that has evolved to create a kind of epistemic connection between learners and teachers who share genetic material ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Hamilton</Author><Year>1964</Year><RecNum>8054</RecNum><DisplayText>(Hamilton, 1964)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>8054</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">8054</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Hamilton, W. D.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The genetic evolution of social behaviour</title><secondary-title>Journal of Theoretical Biology</secondary-title></titles><pages>1-52</pages><volume>7</volume><dates><year>1964</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Hamilton, 1964). The biological predisposition of the caregiver to respond contingently to the infant’s at first automatic expressive displays creates the foundation for the infant to acquire further knowledge from that individual. During what we have termed “marked mirroring interactions” PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HZXJnZWx5PC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MTk5NjwvWWVhcj48
UmVjTnVtPjExNjM3PC9SZWNOdW0+PERpc3BsYXlUZXh0PihGb25hZ3ksIEdlcmdlbHksIEp1cmlz
dCwgJmFtcDsgVGFyZ2V0LCAyMDAyOyBHZXJnZWx5ICZhbXA7IFdhdHNvbiwgMTk5Nik8L0Rpc3Bs
YXlUZXh0PjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MTE2Mzc8L3JlYy1udW1iZXI+PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5
cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSJwdHBhMHY5YTc1emZmNmU5enB0cGRzcnV2dng5cDB0cmR3
YTIiPjExNjM3PC9rZXk+PC9mb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0
aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5HZXJnZWx5
LCBHLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+V2F0c29uLCBKLiBTLjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2Nv
bnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPlVuaXZlcnNpdHkgQ29sbGVnZSBMb25kb24sIFN1Yi1E
ZXBhcnRtZW50IG9mIENsaW5pY2FsIEhlYWx0aCBQc3ljaG9sb2d5LCBMb25kb24uPC9hdXRoLWFk
ZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+VGhlIHNvY2lhbCBiaW9mZWVkYmFjayB0aGVvcnkgb2YgcGFy
ZW50YWwgYWZmZWN0LW1pcnJvcmluZzogVGhlIGRldmVsb3BtZW50IG9mIGVtb3Rpb25hbCBzZWxm
LWF3YXJlbmVzcyBhbmQgc2VsZi1jb250cm9sIGluIGluZmFuY3k8L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnkt
dGl0bGU+SW50ZXJuYXRpb25hbCBKb3VybmFsIG9mIFBzeWNoby1BbmFseXNpczwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5
LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+VGhlIEludGVybmF0aW9uYWwgam91cm5hbCBvZiBwc3ljaG8tYW5h
bHlzaXM8L2FsdC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48YWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+SW50
IEogUHN5Y2hvYW5hbDwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPlRoZSBJbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsIGpvdXJu
YWwgb2YgcHN5Y2hvLWFuYWx5c2lzPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48cGFnZXM+MTE4
MS0yMTI8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+NzcgKFB0IDYpPC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj43NzwvbnVtYmVy
PjxlZGl0aW9uPjE5OTYvMTIvMDE8L2VkaXRpb24+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFkdWx0PC9r
ZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipBd2FyZW5lc3M8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QmlvZmVlZGJhY2ss
IFBzeWNob2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KkVtb3Rpb25zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3Jk
PkZhY2lhbCBFeHByZXNzaW9uPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZlbWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5
d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SW5mYW50PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1h
bGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KlBhcmVudC1DaGlsZCBSZWxhdGlvbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+UGFyZW50aW5nL3BzeWNob2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UGVyc29uYWxpdHkg
RGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KlBzeWNob2FuYWx5dGljIFRoZW9yeTwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Qc3ljaG9hbmFseXRpYyBUaGVyYXB5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipT
ZWxmIENvbmNlcHQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KlNvY2lhbGl6YXRpb248L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9r
ZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MTk5NjwveWVhcj48cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPkRlYzwvZGF0
ZT48L3B1Yi1kYXRlcz48L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjAwMjAtNzU3OCAoUHJpbnQpJiN4RDswMDIwLTc1
NzggKExpbmtpbmcpPC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjkxMTk1ODI8L2FjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+
PHVybHM+PHJlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48dXJsPmh0dHA6Ly93d3cubmNiaS5ubG0ubmloLmdvdi9wdWJt
ZWQvOTExOTU4MjwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48bGFuZ3VhZ2U+ZW5nPC9sYW5n
dWFnZT48L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Gb25hZ3k8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4y
MDAyPC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNOdW0+ODkwMjwvUmVjTnVtPjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+ODkwMjwv
cmVjLW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9InB0cGEwdjlhNzV6
ZmY2ZTl6cHRwZHNydXZ2eDlwMHRyZHdhMiI+ODkwMjwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYt
dHlwZSBuYW1lPSJCb29rIj42PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRo
b3I+Rm9uYWd5LCBQLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+R2VyZ2VseSwgRzwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+
SnVyaXN0LCBFLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+VGFyZ2V0LCBNLjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48
L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5BZmZlY3QgcmVndWxhdGlvbiwgbWVudGFsaXph
dGlvbiwgYW5kIHRoZSBkZXZlbG9wbWVudCBvZiB0aGUgc2VsZjwvdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PGRh
dGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMDI8L3llYXI+PC9kYXRlcz48cHViLWxvY2F0aW9uPk5ldyBZb3JrLCBOWTwv
cHViLWxvY2F0aW9uPjxwdWJsaXNoZXI+T3RoZXIgUHJlc3M8L3B1Ymxpc2hlcj48dXJscz48L3Vy
bHM+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjwvRW5kTm90ZT5=
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HZXJnZWx5PC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MTk5NjwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Fonagy, Gergely, Jurist, & Target, 2002; Gergely & Watson, 1996), the attachment figure will “mark” her referential emotion displays to signal the generalizability of knowledge and effectively to instruct the infant about the infant’s subjective experience: “look at me” (marked display/ostensive cue), “this is what you are feeling” (culturally transmitted self-knowledge) PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Gb25hZ3k8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA3PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Gb25hZ3k8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA3PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Fonagy, Gergely, & Target, 2007). In other words, “marking” by the caregiver that is part of “good enough” mirroring serves as an ostensive cue to the infant that the concurrent mirroring of affect signals is relevant and generalizable. Mental Openness and Attachment SecurityLooked at from a distance, micro-analytic ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Beebe</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>14143</RecNum><Prefix>e.g.`, </Prefix><DisplayText>(e.g., Beebe et al., 2010)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>14143</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">14143</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Beebe, B.</author><author>Jaffe, J.</author><author>Markese, S.</author><author>Buck, K.</author><author>Chen, H.</author><author>Cohen, P.</author><author>Bahrick, L.</author><author>Andrews, H.</author><author>Feldstein, S.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>NYS Psychiatric Institute #108, New York, NY, USA. beebebe@pi.cpmc.columbia.edu</auth-address><titles><title>The origins of 12-month attachment: A microanalysis of 4-month mother-infant interaction</title><secondary-title>Attachment and Human Development</secondary-title></titles><pages>3-141</pages><volume>12</volume><number>1-2</number><edition>2010/04/15</edition><keywords><keyword>Adolescent</keyword><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Child Development</keyword><keyword>Child Rearing/*psychology</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Infant</keyword><keyword>*Mother-Child Relations</keyword><keyword>*Object Attachment</keyword><keyword>Videotape Recording</keyword><keyword>Young Adult</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2010</year><pub-dates><date>Jan</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1469-2988 (Electronic)
1461-6734 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>20390524</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;(e.g., Beebe et al., 2010) and more global PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Jc2FiZWxsYTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5ODk8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Jc2FiZWxsYTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5ODk8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (e.g., DeWolf & van IJzendoorn, 1997; Isabella, Belsky, & von Eye, 1989; Kiser, Bates, Maslin, & Bayles, 1986; Mills-Koonce et al., 2007) manifestations of sensitive caregiving can be seen as in essence acts of recognition of the child’s agentive self. It is this recognition that we believe offers the cognitive advantage to secure attachment that has been fairly consistently noted, although not, to our knowledge, commonly studied PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5KYWNvYnNlbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTc8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5KYWNvYnNlbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTc8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (e.g., Crandell & Hobson, 1999; Jacobsen & Hofmann, 1997; Moss, Rousseau, Parent, St.-Laurent, & Saintong, 1998). We believe that through the down-regulation of affect triggered by proximity seeking in the distressed infant, attachment establishes not only a lasting bond but also the opening of a channel to transfer knowledge between the generations. Even in adulthood, insecure attachment, remains associated with cognitive disadvantages PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BeW91YjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDk8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BeW91YjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDk8L1llYXI+PFJl
Y051bT4xNjc2MzwvUmVjTnVtPjxEaXNwbGF5VGV4dD4oQXlvdWIgZXQgYWwuLCAyMDA5OyBGZXJu
YWxkLCBXZWJlciwgR2FsYXNzbywgJmFtcDsgUmF0c2lmYW5kcmloYW1hbmFuYSwgMjAxMTsgR29v
ZG1hbiwgUXVhcywgJmFtcDsgT2dsZSwgMjAxMDsgUmllZGVyICZhbXA7IENpY2NoZXR0aSwgMTk4
OSk8L0Rpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MTY3NjM8L3JlYy1udW1iZXI+PGZv
cmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSJwdHBhMHY5YTc1emZmNmU5enB0cGRzcnV2
dng5cDB0cmR3YTIiPjE2NzYzPC9rZXk+PC9mb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9Ikpv
dXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhv
cj5BeW91YiwgQy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPk8mYXBvcztDb25ub3IsIEUuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1
dGhvcj5SYXBwb2x0LVNjaGxpY3RtYW5uLCBHLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+VmFsbG90dG9uLCBD
LjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+UmFpa2VzLCBILjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+Q2hhemFuLUNvaGVu
LCBSLjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPkF5b3Vi
LCBDJiN4RDtCcmF6ZWx0b24gVG91Y2hwb2ludHMgQ3RyLCAxMjk1IEJveWxzdG9uIFN0LFN1aXRl
IDMyMCwgQm9zdG9uLCBNQSAwMjIxNSBVU0EmI3hEO0JyYXplbHRvbiBUb3VjaHBvaW50cyBDdHIs
IDEyOTUgQm95bHN0b24gU3QsU3VpdGUgMzIwLCBCb3N0b24sIE1BIDAyMjE1IFVTQSYjeEQ7SGFy
dmFyZCBVbml2LCBTY2ggTWVkLCBDYW1icmlkZ2UsIE1BIDAyMTM4IFVTQSYjeEQ7TllVLCBOZXcg
WW9yaywgTlkgMTAwMDMgVVNBJiN4RDtNaWNoaWdhbiBTdGF0ZSBVbml2LCBFIExhbnNpbmcsIE1J
IDQ4ODI0IFVTQSYjeEQ7VW5pdiBOZWJyYXNrYSwgTGluY29sbiwgTkUgNjg1ODMgVVNBPC9hdXRo
LWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+Q29nbml0aXZlIHNraWxsIHBlcmZvcm1hbmNlIGFtb25n
IHlvdW5nIGNoaWxkcmVuIGxpdmluZyBpbiBwb3ZlcnR5OiBSaXNrLCBjaGFuZ2UsIGFuZCB0aGUg
cHJvbW90aXZlIGVmZmVjdHMgb2YgRWFybHkgSGVhZCBTdGFydDwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10
aXRsZT5FYXJseSBDaGlsZCBSZXNlYXJjaCBRdWFydGVybHk8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48YWx0
LXRpdGxlPkVhcmx5IENoaWxkIFJlcyBRPC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PHBhZ2VzPjI4OS0z
MDU8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+MjQ8L3ZvbHVtZT48bnVtYmVyPjM8L251bWJlcj48a2V5d29yZHM+
PGtleXdvcmQ+ZWFybHkgaGVhZCBzdGFydDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5lYXJseSBjaGlsZGhv
b2Q8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Y29nbml0aXZlIGRldmVsb3BtZW50PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3
b3JkPnJpc2s8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+cHJvdGVjdGlvbjwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5s
b3ctYmlydGgtd2VpZ2h0PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPmRldmVsb3BtZW50YWwtcHN5Y2hvbG9n
eTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5jb21tdW5pdHkgdmlvbGVuY2U8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+
Y3VtdWxhdGl2ZSByaXNrPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPjJuZCB5ZWFyPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3
b3JkPmZhbWlseTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2U8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+YmVoYXZpb3I8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Z3Jvd3RoPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPmF0
dGFjaG1lbnQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAwOTwveWVhcj48cHVi
LWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPlNlcDwvZGF0ZT48L3B1Yi1kYXRlcz48L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjA4ODUtMjAw
NjwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT5JU0k6MDAwMjcxNjk3NjAwMDA2PC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVt
Pjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD4mbHQ7R28gdG8gSVNJJmd0OzovLzAwMDI3MTY5NzYw
MDAwNjwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+
MTAuMTAxNi9qLmVjcmVzcS4yMDA5LjA0LjAwMTwvZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+PGxh
bmd1YWdlPkVuZ2xpc2g8L2xhbmd1YWdlPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48Q2l0ZT48QXV0aG9yPkZl
cm5hbGQ8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNOdW0+MTY3NjQ8L1JlY051bT48cmVj
b3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjE2NzY0PC9yZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9
IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0icHRwYTB2OWE3NXpmZjZlOXpwdHBkc3J1dnZ4OXAwdHJkd2EyIj4xNjc2NDwv
a2V5PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9y
ZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+RmVybmFsZCwgTC4gQy48L2F1
dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPldlYmVyLCBBLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+R2FsYXNzbywgRS48L2F1dGhv
cj48YXV0aG9yPlJhdHNpZmFuZHJpaGFtYW5hbmEsIEwuPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29u
dHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+U2Nob29sIG9mIFB1YmxpYyBIZWFsdGgsIFVuaXZlcnNp
dHkgb2YgQ2FsaWZvcm5pYSwgQmVya2VsZXksIFVTQS4gZmVybmFsZEBiZXJrZWxleS5lZHU8L2F1
dGgtYWRkcmVzcz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5Tb2Npb2Vjb25vbWljIGdyYWRpZW50cyBhbmQgY2hp
bGQgZGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQgaW4gYSB2ZXJ5IGxvdyBpbmNvbWUgcG9wdWxhdGlvbjogRXZpZGVuY2Ug
ZnJvbSBNYWRhZ2FzY2FyPC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPkRldmVsb3BtZW50YWwgU2Np
ZW5jZTwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+RGV2ZWxvcG1lbnRhbCBzY2llbmNlPC9h
bHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PHBhZ2VzPjgzMi00NzwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT4xNDwvdm9sdW1l
PjxudW1iZXI+NDwvbnVtYmVyPjxlZGl0aW9uPjIwMTEvMDYvMTc8L2VkaXRpb24+PGtleXdvcmRz
PjxrZXl3b3JkPkFkb2xlc2NlbnQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWR1bHQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+Q2hpbGQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KkNoaWxkIERldmVsb3BtZW50PC9rZXl3b3Jk
PjxrZXl3b3JkPkNoaWxkLCBQcmVzY2hvb2w8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q29nbml0aW9uPC9r
ZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkVkdWNhdGlvbmFsIFN0YXR1czwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5FeGVj
dXRpdmUgRnVuY3Rpb248L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RmVtYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3Jk
Pkh1bWFuczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qTGFuZ3VhZ2UgRGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+
PGtleXdvcmQ+TWFkYWdhc2Nhcjwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3
b3JkPk1lbW9yeSwgU2hvcnQtVGVybTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NaWRkbGUgQWdlZDwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qUG92ZXJ0eTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qU29jaW9lY29ub21pYyBG
YWN0b3JzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMTE8L3llYXI+PHB1Yi1k
YXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5KdWw8L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4xNDY3LTc2ODcg
KEVsZWN0cm9uaWMpJiN4RDsxMzYzLTc1NVggKExpbmtpbmcpPC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVt
PjIxNjc2MTAyPC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx3b3JrLXR5cGU+UmVzZWFyY2ggU3VwcG9ydCwgTm9u
LVUuUy4gR292JmFwb3M7dDwvd29yay10eXBlPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRw
Oi8vd3d3Lm5jYmkubmxtLm5paC5nb3YvcHVibWVkLzIxNjc2MTAyPC91cmw+PC9yZWxhdGVkLXVy
bHM+PC91cmxzPjxlbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT4xMC4xMTExL2ouMTQ2Ny03Njg3LjIw
MTAuMDEwMzIueDwvZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+PGxhbmd1YWdlPmVuZzwvbGFuZ3Vh
Z2U+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjxDaXRlPjxBdXRob3I+R29vZG1hbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIw
MTA8L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT4xNjQ5NDwvUmVjTnVtPjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MTY0OTQ8
L3JlYy1udW1iZXI+PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSJwdHBhMHY5YTc1
emZmNmU5enB0cGRzcnV2dng5cDB0cmR3YTIiPjE2NDk0PC9rZXk+PC9mb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJl
Zi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+
PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5Hb29kbWFuLCBHLiBTLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+UXVhcywgSi4g
QS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPk9nbGUsIEMuIE0uPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJp
YnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+RGVwYXJ0bWVudCBvZiBQc3ljaG9sb2d5LCBVbml2ZXJzaXR5
IG9mIENhbGlmb3JuaWEsIERhdmlzLCBDYWxpZm9ybmlhIDk1NjE2LCBVU0EuIGdnb29kbWFuQHVj
ZGF2aXMuZWR1PC9hdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+Q2hpbGQgbWFsdHJlYXRtZW50
IGFuZCBtZW1vcnk8L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+QW5udWFsIFJldmlldyBvZiBQc3lj
aG9sb2d5PC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5Bbm51YWwgcmV2aWV3IG9mIHBzeWNo
b2xvZ3k8L2FsdC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGFnZXM+MzI1LTUxPC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjYx
PC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj4xPC9udW1iZXI+PGVkaXRpb24+MjAwOS8wNy8wNzwvZWRpdGlvbj48
a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWRhcHRhdGlvbiwgUHN5Y2hvbG9naWNhbC9waHlzaW9sb2d5PC9r
ZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkF2b2lkYW5jZSBMZWFybmluZy9waHlzaW9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPkNoaWxkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNoaWxkIEFidXNlLypwc3ljaG9sb2d5PC9r
ZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNoaWxkLCBQcmVzY2hvb2w8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RW1vdGlv
bnMvKnBoeXNpb2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SHVtYW5zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3Jk
PkxpZmUgQ2hhbmdlIEV2ZW50czwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NZW1vcnkvKnBoeXNpb2xvZ3k8
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U3RyZXNzLCBQc3ljaG9sb2dpY2FsL3BoeXNpb3BhdGhvbG9neTwv
a2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdvcmRzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDEwPC95ZWFyPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+
MTU0NS0yMDg1IChFbGVjdHJvbmljKSYjeEQ7MDA2Ni00MzA4IChMaW5raW5nKTwvaXNibj48YWNj
ZXNzaW9uLW51bT4xOTU3NTYyMjwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48d29yay10eXBlPlJlc2VhcmNoIFN1
cHBvcnQsIFUuUy4gR292JmFwb3M7dCwgTm9uLVAuSC5TLiYjeEQ7UmV2aWV3PC93b3JrLXR5cGU+
PHVybHM+PHJlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48dXJsPmh0dHA6Ly93d3cubmNiaS5ubG0ubmloLmdvdi9wdWJt
ZWQvMTk1NzU2MjI8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM+PGVsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3Vy
Y2UtbnVtPjEwLjExNDYvYW5udXJldi5wc3ljaC4wOTMwMDguMTAwNDAzPC9lbGVjdHJvbmljLXJl
c291cmNlLW51bT48bGFuZ3VhZ2U+ZW5nPC9sYW5ndWFnZT48L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PENpdGU+
PEF1dGhvcj5SaWVkZXI8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTg5PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNOdW0+MTczMDwvUmVj
TnVtPjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MTczMDwvcmVjLW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxr
ZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9InB0cGEwdjlhNzV6ZmY2ZTl6cHRwZHNydXZ2eDlwMHRyZHdhMiI+
MTczMDwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUi
PjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+UmllZGVyLCBDLjwv
YXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+Q2ljY2hldHRpLCBELjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1
dG9ycz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5Pcmdhbml6YXRpb25hbCBwZXJzcGVjdGl2ZSBvbiBjb2duaXRp
dmUgY29udHJvbCBmdW5jdGlvbmluZyBhbmQgY29nbml0aXZlLWFmZmVjdGl2ZSBiYWxhbmNlIGlu
IG1hbHRyZWF0ZWQgY2hpbGRyZW48L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+RGV2ZWxvcG1lbnRh
bCBQc3ljaG9sb2d5PC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5EZXZlbG9wbWVudGFsIFBz
eWNob2xvZ3k8L2FsdC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5EZXZl
bG9wbWVudGFsIFBzeWNob2xvZ3k8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5EZXYgUHN5Y2hvbDwvYWJi
ci0xPjwvcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48YWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+RGV2ZWxvcG1lbnRh
bCBQc3ljaG9sb2d5PC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+RGV2IFBzeWNob2w8L2FiYnItMT48L2Fs
dC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxwYWdlcz4zODItMzkzPC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjI1PC92b2x1bWU+PG51
bWJlcj4zPC9udW1iZXI+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjE5ODk8L3llYXI+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4wMDEy
LTE2NDk8L2lzYm4+PGxhYmVsPjE3NDY8L2xhYmVsPjx1cmxzPjwvdXJscz48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1y
ZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAuMTAzNy8wMDEyLTE2NDkuMjUuMy4zODI8L2VsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3Vy
Y2UtbnVtPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48L0VuZE5vdGU+AG==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Ayoub et al., 2009; Fernald, Weber, Galasso, & Ratsifandrihamanana, 2011; Goodman, Quas, & Ogle, 2010; Rieder & Cicchetti, 1989). Particularly, adult attachment insecurity is likely to be associated with a greater likelihood of cognitive closure, a lower tolerance for ambiguity, and a more pronounced tendency to dogmatic thinking ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Mikulincer</Author><Year>1997</Year><RecNum>16702</RecNum><DisplayText>(Mikulincer, 1997)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16702</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16702</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Mikulincer, M.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.</auth-address><titles><title>Adult attachment style and information processing: Individual differences in curiosity and cognitive closure</title><secondary-title>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology</secondary-title><alt-title>Journal of personality and social psychology</alt-title></titles><pages>1217-30</pages><volume>72</volume><number>5</number><edition>1997/05/01</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>*Cognition</keyword><keyword>*Exploratory Behavior</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>*Individuality</keyword><keyword>Interpersonal Relations</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Motivation</keyword><keyword>*Object Attachment</keyword><keyword>Personality</keyword><keyword>*Social Perception</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1997</year><pub-dates><date>May</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0022-3514 (Print)
0022-3514 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>9150591</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;(Mikulincer, 1997). Individuals who are insecure in their attachment are also more likely to save intellectual effort and adopt stereotypes ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Mikulincer</Author><Year>1997</Year><RecNum>16702</RecNum><DisplayText>(Mikulincer, 1997)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16702</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16702</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Mikulincer, M.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.</auth-address><titles><title>Adult attachment style and information processing: Individual differences in curiosity and cognitive closure</title><secondary-title>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology</secondary-title><alt-title>Journal of personality and social psychology</alt-title></titles><pages>1217-30</pages><volume>72</volume><number>5</number><edition>1997/05/01</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>*Cognition</keyword><keyword>*Exploratory Behavior</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>*Individuality</keyword><keyword>Interpersonal Relations</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Motivation</keyword><keyword>*Object Attachment</keyword><keyword>Personality</keyword><keyword>*Social Perception</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1997</year><pub-dates><date>May</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0022-3514 (Print)
0022-3514 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>9150591</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;(Mikulincer, 1997). The same predisposition to knowledge inflexibility is revealed by insecure individuals’ tendency to make judgments on the basis of early information and to pay insufficient heed to subsequent data even if it is incompatible with the configuration first created PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NaWt1bGluY2VyPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MTk5NzwvWWVh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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NaWt1bGluY2VyPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MTk5NzwvWWVh
cj48UmVjTnVtPjE2NzAyPC9SZWNOdW0+PERpc3BsYXlUZXh0PihHcmVlbi1IZW5uZXNzeSAmYW1w
OyBSZWlzLCAxOTk4OyBNaWt1bGluY2VyLCAxOTk3KTwvRGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHJlY29yZD48cmVj
LW51bWJlcj4xNjcwMjwvcmVjLW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGIt
aWQ9InB0cGEwdjlhNzV6ZmY2ZTl6cHRwZHNydXZ2eDlwMHRyZHdhMiI+MTY3MDI8L2tleT48L2Zv
cmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU+
PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPk1pa3VsaW5jZXIsIE0uPC9hdXRob3I+PC9h
dXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+RGVwYXJ0bWVudCBvZiBQc3ljaG9s
b2d5LCBCYXItSWxhbiBVbml2ZXJzaXR5LCBSYW1hdCBHYW4sIElzcmFlbC48L2F1dGgtYWRkcmVz
cz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5BZHVsdCBhdHRhY2htZW50IHN0eWxlIGFuZCBpbmZvcm1hdGlvbiBw
cm9jZXNzaW5nOiBJbmRpdmlkdWFsIGRpZmZlcmVuY2VzIGluIGN1cmlvc2l0eSBhbmQgY29nbml0
aXZlIGNsb3N1cmU8L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiBQZXJzb25hbGl0
eSBhbmQgU29jaWFsIFBzeWNob2xvZ3k8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48YWx0LXRpdGxlPkpvdXJu
YWwgb2YgcGVyc29uYWxpdHkgYW5kIHNvY2lhbCBwc3ljaG9sb2d5PC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRs
ZXM+PHBhZ2VzPjEyMTctMzA8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+NzI8L3ZvbHVtZT48bnVtYmVyPjU8L251
bWJlcj48ZWRpdGlvbj4xOTk3LzA1LzAxPC9lZGl0aW9uPjxrZXl3b3Jkcz48a2V5d29yZD5BZHVs
dDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qQ29nbml0aW9uPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipFeHBsb3Jh
dG9yeSBCZWhhdmlvcjwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5GZW1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+
SHVtYW5zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipJbmRpdmlkdWFsaXR5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3Jk
PkludGVycGVyc29uYWwgUmVsYXRpb25zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+
PGtleXdvcmQ+TW90aXZhdGlvbjwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qT2JqZWN0IEF0dGFjaG1lbnQ8
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UGVyc29uYWxpdHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KlNvY2lhbCBQ
ZXJjZXB0aW9uPC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjE5OTc8L3llYXI+PHB1
Yi1kYXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5NYXk8L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4wMDIyLTM1
MTQgKFByaW50KSYjeEQ7MDAyMi0zNTE0IChMaW5raW5nKTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT45
MTUwNTkxPC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRwOi8vd3d3
Lm5jYmkubmxtLm5paC5nb3YvcHVibWVkLzkxNTA1OTE8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3Vy
bHM+PGxhbmd1YWdlPmVuZzwvbGFuZ3VhZ2U+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjxDaXRlPjxBdXRob3I+
R3JlZW4tSGVubmVzc3k8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk4PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNOdW0+MTY3MDM8L1Jl
Y051bT48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjE2NzAzPC9yZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+
PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0icHRwYTB2OWE3NXpmZjZlOXpwdHBkc3J1dnZ4OXAwdHJkd2Ey
Ij4xNjcwMzwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGlj
bGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+R3JlZW4tSGVu
bmVzc3ksIFMuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5SZWlzLCBILiBULjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48
L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPkdyZWVuLUhlbm5lc3N5LCBTJiN4RDtMb3lvbGEg
Q29sbCwgRGVwdCBQc3ljaG9sLCA0NTAxIE4gQ2hhcmxlcyBTdCwgQmFsdGltb3JlLCBNRCAyMTIx
MCBVU0EmI3hEO0xveW9sYSBDb2xsLCBEZXB0IFBzeWNob2wsIDQ1MDEgTiBDaGFybGVzIFN0LCBC
YWx0aW1vcmUsIE1EIDIxMjEwIFVTQSYjeEQ7TG95b2xhIENvbGwsIERlcHQgUHN5Y2hvbCwgQmFs
dGltb3JlLCBNRCAyMTIxMCBVU0EmI3hEO1VuaXYgUm9jaGVzdGVyLCBSb2NoZXN0ZXIsIE5ZIDE0
NjI3IFVTQTwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPk9wZW5uZXNzIGluIHByb2Nlc3Np
bmcgc29jaWFsIGluZm9ybWF0aW9uIGFtb25nIGF0dGFjaG1lbnQgdHlwZXM8L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNv
bmRhcnktdGl0bGU+UGVyc29uYWwgUmVsYXRpb25zaGlwczwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQt
dGl0bGU+UGVycyBSZWxhdGlvbnNoaXA8L2FsdC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGFnZXM+NDQ5LTQ2
NjwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT41PC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj40PC9udW1iZXI+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPndvcmtpbmcgbW9kZWxzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPmNsb3NlIHJlbGF0aW9uc2hp
cHM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+YWR1bHQgYXR0YWNobWVudDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5z
dHlsZXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+c2VsZjwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5wYXR0ZXJuczwv
a2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5zZWN1cml0eTwva2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdvcmRzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVh
cj4xOTk4PC95ZWFyPjxwdWItZGF0ZXM+PGRhdGU+RGVjPC9kYXRlPjwvcHViLWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0
ZXM+PGlzYm4+MTM1MC00MTI2PC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPklTSTowMDAwNzc0Nzk2MDAw
MDc8L2FjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+PHVybHM+PHJlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48dXJsPiZsdDtHbyB0byBJU0km
Z3Q7Oi8vMDAwMDc3NDc5NjAwMDA3PC91cmw+PC9yZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PC91cmxzPjxlbGVjdHJv
bmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT4xMC4xMTExL2ouMTQ3NS02ODExLjE5OTgudGIwMDE4Mi54PC9lbGVj
dHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT48bGFuZ3VhZ2U+RW5nbGlzaDwvbGFuZ3VhZ2U+PC9yZWNvcmQ+
PC9DaXRlPjwvRW5kTm90ZT4A
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Green-Hennessy & Reis, 1998; Mikulincer, 1997). Insecure individuals, who fear the loss of attachment figures, also anxiously hold on to their initial constructions. They are less likely to revise their knowledge in the face of information that challenges their assumptions PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HcmVlbi1IZW5uZXNzeTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTg8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 EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HcmVlbi1IZW5uZXNzeTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTg8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 EN.CITE.DATA (Green-Hennessy & Reis, 1998; Green & Campbell, 2000; Mikulincer, 1997; Mikulincer & Arad, 1999) as if they not only had less confidence in the robustness of their bond to their attachment figure, but also feared the loss of epistemic trust. In sum, we assume that the epistemic connection provided to us by evolution in order for us to learn from experience appears to be partially closed to those whose attachment to their caregiver is insecure.This is not a new perspective. Kruglanski PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGUgRXhjbHVkZUF1dGg9IjEiPjxZZWFyPjE5ODk8L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT4x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==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGUgRXhjbHVkZUF1dGg9IjEiPjxZZWFyPjE5ODk8L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT4x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==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (1989; Kruglanski & Webster, 1996; Pierro & Kruglanski, 2008) proposed the concept of “epistemic freezing”, characterized by a tendency to defend existing knowledge structures even when they are incorrect or misleading ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Fiske</Author><Year>1991</Year><RecNum>16696</RecNum><Prefix>see also </Prefix><DisplayText>(see also Fiske & Taylor, 1991)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16696</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16696</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Fiske, S. T.</author><author>Taylor, S. E.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Social cognition</title></titles><edition>2nd</edition><dates><year>1991</year></dates><pub-location>New York, NY</pub-location><publisher>McGraw-Hill</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(see also Fiske & Taylor, 1991). A defensive strategy may indeed be adaptive if an individual’s self-esteem is vulnerable. Cognitive closure, dogmatism, and conservatism may simply be strategies to safeguard an inadequately individuated self ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Bowlby</Author><Year>1980</Year><RecNum>214</RecNum><DisplayText>(Bowlby, 1980)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>214</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">214</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Bowlby, J.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Attachment and loss, Vol. 3: Loss: Sadness and depression</title></titles><dates><year>1980</year></dates><pub-location>London, UK</pub-location><publisher>Hogarth Press and Institute of Psycho-Analysis</publisher><label>216</label><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Bowlby, 1980). Mikulincer ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite ExcludeAuth="1"><Year>1997</Year><RecNum>16702</RecNum><DisplayText>(1997)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16702</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16702</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Mikulincer, M.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.</auth-address><titles><title>Adult attachment style and information processing: Individual differences in curiosity and cognitive closure</title><secondary-title>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology</secondary-title><alt-title>Journal of personality and social psychology</alt-title></titles><pages>1217-30</pages><volume>72</volume><number>5</number><edition>1997/05/01</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>*Cognition</keyword><keyword>*Exploratory Behavior</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>*Individuality</keyword><keyword>Interpersonal Relations</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Motivation</keyword><keyword>*Object Attachment</keyword><keyword>Personality</keyword><keyword>*Social Perception</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1997</year><pub-dates><date>May</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0022-3514 (Print)
0022-3514 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>9150591</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;(1997) suggested that insecure individuals were more readily threatened by information that challenged their knowledge structures because their sense of self is vulnerable to being emotionally overwhelmed. If emotional dysregulation is experienced as a real and imminent threat, individuals may opt for knowledge stability as it temporarily serves to down-regulate arousal. Secure individuals’ greater confidence that they will be able to recover from dysregulation also enables them to be less defensive in relation to opening their minds to information that may challenge their assumptions.Ostensive Cues and Maternal MentalizingThe concepts of sensitive caregiving and ostensive cues come together in the construct of mentalizing. Mentalizing is the capacity of one individual to understand the actions of another in terms of the thoughts, feelings, wishes, and desires (mental states) of that person PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Gb25hZ3k8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDAyPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Gb25hZ3k8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDAyPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Bateman & Fonagy, 2012; Fonagy et al., 2002; Fonagy & Target, 2006). We suggest that ostensive cues are based on both affect and cognition-focused nonconscious, automatic indicators to the recipient that the communicator has adopted a mentalizing stance towards them, that is, that their actions will be interpreted in line with their subjective experience of themselves. There is considerable evidence that the caregiver’s capacity to “mentalize” the child predicts secure attachment. A number of ways of operationalizing maternal mentalizing, including prenatal reflective function ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Fonagy</Author><Year>1991</Year><RecNum>12088</RecNum><DisplayText>(Fonagy, Steele, Steele, Moran, & Higgitt, 1991)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>12088</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">12088</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Fonagy, P.</author><author>Steele, M.</author><author>Steele, H.</author><author>Moran, G. S.</author><author>Higgitt, A. C.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Fonagy, P
Anna Freud Ctr,London,England
Anna Freud Ctr,London,England
Univ London Univ Coll,London Wc1e 6bt,England
St Marys Hosp,London,England</auth-address><titles><title>The capacity for understanding mental states: The reflective self in parent and child and its significance for security of attachment</title><secondary-title>Infant Mental Health Journal</secondary-title><alt-title>Inf Mental Hlth J</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Infant Mental Health Journal</full-title><abbr-1>Inf Mental Hlth J</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Infant Mental Health Journal</full-title><abbr-1>Inf Mental Hlth J</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>201-218</pages><volume>12</volume><number>3</number><keywords><keyword>representation</keyword><keyword>beliefs</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1991</year><pub-dates><date>Fal</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0163-9641</isbn><accession-num>ISI:A1991GG22800006</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><Go to ISI>://A1991GG22800006</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>Doi 10.1002/1097-0355(199123)12:3<201::Aid-Imhj2280120307>3.0.Co;2-7</electronic-resource-num><language>English</language></record></Cite></EndNote>(Fonagy, Steele, Steele, Moran, & Higgitt, 1991), child-specific reflective function ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Slade</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>10147</RecNum><DisplayText>(Slade, Grienenberger, Bernbach, Levy, & Locker, 2005)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>10147</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">10147</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Slade, A.</author><author>Grienenberger, J.</author><author>Bernbach, E.</author><author>Levy, D.</author><author>Locker, A.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>The City University of New York, Yale Child Study Center, 8 Hodge Road, Roxbury, CT 06783, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>Maternal reflective functioning, attachment, and the transmission gap: A preliminary study</title><secondary-title>Attachment and Human Development</secondary-title><alt-title>Attachment & human development</alt-title></titles><alt-periodical><full-title>Attach Hum Dev</full-title><abbr-1>Attachment & human development</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>283-98</pages><volume>7</volume><number>3</number><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Analysis of Variance</keyword><keyword>Child of Impaired Parents/psychology</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Infant</keyword><keyword>Interview, Psychological</keyword><keyword>Longitudinal Studies</keyword><keyword>*Mental Processes</keyword><keyword>Models, Psychological</keyword><keyword>*Mother-Child Relations</keyword><keyword>*Object Attachment</keyword><keyword>Parenting/*psychology</keyword><keyword>Pregnancy/psychology</keyword><keyword>United States</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2005</year><pub-dates><date>Sep</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1461-6734 (Print)
1461-6734 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>16210240</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;(Slade, Grienenberger, Bernbach, Levy, & Locker, 2005), mind-related comments PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NZWluczwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDE8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NZWluczwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDE8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Meins, Fernyhough, Fradley, & Tuckey, 2001; Meins et al., 2002), and a diverse range of other measures of the construct PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BYmVyPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MTk4NTwvWWVhcj48UmVj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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BYmVyPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MTk4NTwvWWVhcj48UmVj
TnVtPjExMzQ0PC9SZWNOdW0+PERpc3BsYXlUZXh0PihBYmVyLCBTbGFkZSwgQmVyZ2VyLCBCcmVz
Z2ksICZhbXA7IEthcGxhbiwgMTk4NTsgS29yZW4tS2FyaWUsIE9wcGVuaGVpbSwgRG9sZXYsIFNo
ZXIsICZhbXA7IEV0emlvbi1DYXJhc3NvLCAyMDAyOyBPcHBlbmhlaW0gJmFtcDsgS29yZW4tS2Fy
aWUsIDIwMTM7IFNvbG9tb24gJmFtcDsgR2VvcmdlLCAxOTk5KTwvRGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHJlY29y
ZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj4xMTM0NDwvcmVjLW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJF
TiIgZGItaWQ9InB0cGEwdjlhNzV6ZmY2ZTl6cHRwZHNydXZ2eDlwMHRyZHdhMiI+MTEzNDQ8L2tl
eT48L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iVW5wdWJsaXNoZWQgV29yayI+MzQ8L3Jl
Zi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5BYmVyLCBKPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1
dGhvcj5TbGFkZSwgQTwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+QmVyZ2VyLCBCPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5C
cmVzZ2ksIEk8L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkthcGxhbiwgTTwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2Nv
bnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5UaGUgUGFyZW50IERldmVsb3BtZW50IEludGVydmll
dy4gVW5wdWJsaXNoZWQgbWFudXNjcmlwdDwvdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjE5
ODU8L3llYXI+PC9kYXRlcz48cHViLWxvY2F0aW9uPk5ldyBZb3JrLCBOWTwvcHViLWxvY2F0aW9u
PjxwdWJsaXNoZXI+QmFybmFyZCBDb2xsZWdlLCBDb2x1bWJpYSBVbml2ZXJzaXR5PC9wdWJsaXNo
ZXI+PHVybHM+PC91cmxzPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48Q2l0ZT48QXV0aG9yPlNvbG9tb248L0F1
dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk5PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNOdW0+MTY2NTQ8L1JlY051bT48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMt
bnVtYmVyPjE2NjU0PC9yZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1p
ZD0icHRwYTB2OWE3NXpmZjZlOXpwdHBkc3J1dnZ4OXAwdHJkd2EyIj4xNjY1NDwva2V5PjwvZm9y
ZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48
Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+U29sb21vbiwgSi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9y
Pkdlb3JnZSwgQy48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVz
cz5qdWRzb2xvbW9uQGFvbC5jb208L2F1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5UaGUgY2Fy
ZWdpdmluZyBzeXN0ZW0gaW4gbW90aGVycyBvZiBpbmZhbnRzOiBBIGNvbXBhcmlzb24gb2YgZGl2
b3JjaW5nIGFuZCBtYXJyaWVkIG1vdGhlcnM8L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+QXR0YWNo
bWVudCBhbmQgSHVtYW4gRGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQ8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48YWx0LXRpdGxlPkF0
dGFjaG1lbnQgJmFtcDsgaHVtYW4gZGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQ8L2FsdC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48YWx0
LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+QXR0YWNoIEh1bSBEZXY8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnIt
MT5BdHRhY2htZW50ICZhbXA7IGh1bWFuIGRldmVsb3BtZW50PC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9k
aWNhbD48cGFnZXM+MTcxLTkwPC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjE8L3ZvbHVtZT48bnVtYmVyPjI8L251
bWJlcj48ZWRpdGlvbj4yMDAxLzExLzE2PC9lZGl0aW9uPjxrZXl3b3Jkcz48a2V5d29yZD5DaGls
ZCBDdXN0b2R5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkRpdm9yY2UvKnBzeWNob2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+
PGtleXdvcmQ+RmVtYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkh1bWFuczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29y
ZD5JbmZhbnQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qTWF0ZXJu
YWwgQmVoYXZpb3I8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWF0ZXJuYWwgRGVwcml2YXRpb248L2tleXdv
cmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Kk1vdGhlci1DaGlsZCBSZWxhdGlvbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Kk9i
amVjdCBBdHRhY2htZW50PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlBhcmVudGluZy9wc3ljaG9sb2d5PC9r
ZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlBlcnNvbmFsaXR5IERldmVsb3BtZW50PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3Jk
PlNvY2lhbCBTdXBwb3J0PC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjE5OTk8L3ll
YXI+PHB1Yi1kYXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5TZXA8L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4x
NDYxLTY3MzQgKFByaW50KSYjeEQ7MTQ2MS02NzM0IChMaW5raW5nKTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9u
LW51bT4xMTcwNzg4NzwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48d29yay10eXBlPlJlc2VhcmNoIFN1cHBvcnQs
IE5vbi1VLlMuIEdvdiZhcG9zO3QmI3hEO1Jlc2VhcmNoIFN1cHBvcnQsIFUuUy4gR292JmFwb3M7
dCwgUC5ILlMuPC93b3JrLXR5cGU+PHVybHM+PHJlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48dXJsPmh0dHA6Ly93d3cu
bmNiaS5ubG0ubmloLmdvdi9wdWJtZWQvMTE3MDc4ODc8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3Vy
bHM+PGVsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjEwLjEwODAvMTQ2MTY3Mzk5MDAxMzQyMjE8L2Vs
ZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjxsYW5ndWFnZT5lbmc8L2xhbmd1YWdlPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwv
Q2l0ZT48Q2l0ZT48QXV0aG9yPk9wcGVuaGVpbTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTM8L1llYXI+PFJl
Y051bT4xNzIwODwvUmVjTnVtPjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MTcyMDg8L3JlYy1udW1iZXI+
PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSJwdHBhMHY5YTc1emZmNmU5enB0cGRz
cnV2dng5cDB0cmR3YTIiPjE3MjA4PC9rZXk+PC9mb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9
IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1
dGhvcj5PcHBlbmhlaW0sIEQuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5Lb3Jlbi1LYXJpZSwgTi48L2F1dGhv
cj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5hIFVuaXZlcnNpdHkgb2Yg
SGFpZmEgLCBIYWlmYSAsIElzcmFlbC48L2F1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5UaGUg
aW5zaWdodGZ1bG5lc3MgYXNzZXNzbWVudDogTWVhc3VyaW5nIHRoZSBpbnRlcm5hbCBwcm9jZXNz
ZXMgdW5kZXJseWluZyBtYXRlcm5hbCBzZW5zaXRpdml0eTwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRs
ZT5BdHRhY2htZW50IGFuZCBIdW1hbiBEZXZlbG9wbWVudDwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQt
dGl0bGU+QXR0YWNobWVudCAmYW1wOyBodW1hbiBkZXZlbG9wbWVudDwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0
bGVzPjxhbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5BdHRhY2ggSHVtIERldjwvZnVsbC10aXRs
ZT48YWJici0xPkF0dGFjaG1lbnQgJmFtcDsgaHVtYW4gZGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQ8L2FiYnItMT48L2Fs
dC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxwYWdlcz41NDUtNjE8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+MTU8L3ZvbHVtZT48bnVt
YmVyPjUtNjwvbnVtYmVyPjxlZGl0aW9uPjIwMTMvMTIvMDU8L2VkaXRpb24+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFy
PjIwMTM8L3llYXI+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4xNDY5LTI5ODggKEVsZWN0cm9uaWMpJiN4RDsxNDYx
LTY3MzQgKExpbmtpbmcpPC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjI0Mjk5MTM0PC9hY2Nlc3Npb24t
bnVtPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRwOi8vd3d3Lm5jYmkubmxtLm5paC5nb3Yv
cHVibWVkLzI0Mjk5MTM0PC91cmw+PC9yZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PC91cmxzPjxlbGVjdHJvbmljLXJl
c291cmNlLW51bT4xMC4xMDgwLzE0NjE2NzM0LjIwMTMuODIwOTAxPC9lbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291
cmNlLW51bT48bGFuZ3VhZ2U+ZW5nPC9sYW5ndWFnZT48L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1
dGhvcj5Lb3Jlbi1LYXJpZTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDI8L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT4xNjY1Njwv
UmVjTnVtPjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MTY2NTY8L3JlYy1udW1iZXI+PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5
cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSJwdHBhMHY5YTc1emZmNmU5enB0cGRzcnV2dng5cDB0cmR3
YTIiPjE2NjU2PC9rZXk+PC9mb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0
aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5Lb3Jlbi1L
YXJpZSwgTi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPk9wcGVuaGVpbSwgRC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkRv
bGV2LCBTLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+U2hlciwgRS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkV0emlvbi1D
YXJhc3NvLCBBLjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNz
PlNjaG9vbCBvZiBTb2NpYWwgV29yaywgVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBIYWlmYSwgSXNyYWVsLiBua29y
ZW5AcmVzZWFyY2guaGFpZmEuYWMuaWw8L2F1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5Nb3Ro
ZXJzJmFwb3M7IGluc2lnaHRmdWxuZXNzIHJlZ2FyZGluZyB0aGVpciBpbmZhbnRzJmFwb3M7IGlu
dGVybmFsIGV4cGVyaWVuY2U6IFJlbGF0aW9ucyB3aXRoIG1hdGVybmFsIHNlbnNpdGl2aXR5IGFu
ZCBpbmZhbnQgYXR0YWNobWVudDwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5EZXZlbG9wbWVudGFs
IFBzeWNob2xvZ3k8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48YWx0LXRpdGxlPkRldmVsb3BtZW50YWwgcHN5
Y2hvbG9neTwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkRldmVs
b3BtZW50YWwgUHN5Y2hvbG9neTwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPkRldiBQc3ljaG9sPC9hYmJy
LTE+PC9wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxhbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5EZXZlbG9wbWVudGFs
IFBzeWNob2xvZ3k8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5EZXYgUHN5Y2hvbDwvYWJici0xPjwvYWx0
LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PHBhZ2VzPjUzNC00MjwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT4zODwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1i
ZXI+NDwvbnVtYmVyPjxlZGl0aW9uPjIwMDIvMDcvMDI8L2VkaXRpb24+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxrZXl3
b3JkPipBdHRpdHVkZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5GZW1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+
SHVtYW5zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkluZmFudDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5JbmZhbnQg
QmVoYXZpb3IvKnBzeWNob2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWF0ZXJuYWwgQmVoYXZpb3Iv
KnBzeWNob2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Kk1vdGhlci1DaGlsZCBSZWxhdGlvbnM8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TW90aGVycy8qcHN5Y2hvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qT2Jq
ZWN0IEF0dGFjaG1lbnQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAwMjwveWVh
cj48cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPkp1bDwvZGF0ZT48L3B1Yi1kYXRlcz48L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjAw
MTItMTY0OSAoUHJpbnQpJiN4RDswMDEyLTE2NDkgKExpbmtpbmcpPC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24t
bnVtPjEyMDkwNDgzPC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx3b3JrLXR5cGU+UmVzZWFyY2ggU3VwcG9ydCwg
Tm9uLVUuUy4gR292JmFwb3M7dDwvd29yay10eXBlPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5o
dHRwOi8vd3d3Lm5jYmkubmxtLm5paC5nb3YvcHVibWVkLzEyMDkwNDgzPC91cmw+PC9yZWxhdGVk
LXVybHM+PC91cmxzPjxlbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT4xMC4xMDM3LzAwMTItMTY0OS4z
OC40LjUzNDwvZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+PGxhbmd1YWdlPmVuZzwvbGFuZ3VhZ2U+
PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjwvRW5kTm90ZT5=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Aber, Slade, Berger, Bresgi, & Kaplan, 1985; Koren-Karie, Oppenheim, Dolev, Sher, & Etzion-Carasso, 2002; Oppenheim & Koren-Karie, 2013; Solomon & George, 1999), have demonstrated that the child’s attachment security is predicted by the mother’s mentalizing capacity. Further, maternal mentalizing has been shown to protect the infant from the transmission of trauma ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Schechter</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>16932</RecNum><DisplayText>(Schechter et al., 2006)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16932</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16932</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Schechter, D. S.</author><author>Myers, M. M.</author><author>Brunelli, S. A.</author><author>Coates, S. W.</author><author>Zeanah, C. H.</author><author>Davies, M.</author><author>Grienenberger, J. F.</author><author>Marshall, R. D.</author><author>McCaw, J. E.</author><author>Trabka, K. A.</author><author>Liebowitz, M. R.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Psychiatry, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY.</auth-address><titles><title>Traumatized mothers can change their minds about their toddlers: Understanding how a novel use of videofeedback supports positive change of maternal attributions</title><secondary-title>Infant Mental Health Journal</secondary-title><alt-title>Infant mental health journal</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Infant Mental Health Journal</full-title><abbr-1>Inf Mental Hlth J</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Infant Mental Health Journal</full-title><abbr-1>Inf Mental Hlth J</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>429-447</pages><volume>27</volume><number>5</number><edition>2007/11/17</edition><dates><year>2006</year><pub-dates><date>Sep</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0163-9641 (Print)
0163-9641 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>18007960</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;(Schechter et al., 2006) and disruptive maternal behavior ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Slade</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>10167</RecNum><DisplayText>(Slade, 2005)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>10167</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">10167</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Slade, A.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>The City University of New York, Yale Child Study Center, 8 Hodge Road, Roxbury, CT 06783, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>Parental reflective functioning: An introduction</title><secondary-title>Attachment and Human Development</secondary-title><alt-title>Attachment & human development</alt-title></titles><alt-periodical><full-title>Attach Hum Dev</full-title><abbr-1>Attachment & human development</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>269-81</pages><volume>7</volume><number>3</number><edition>2005/10/08</edition><keywords><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Interview, Psychological</keyword><keyword>*Mental Processes</keyword><keyword>*Object Attachment</keyword><keyword>*Parent-Child Relations</keyword><keyword>Parenting/*psychology</keyword><keyword>Research</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2005</year><pub-dates><date>Sep</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1461-6734 (Print)
1461-6734 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>16210239</accession-num><work-type>Review</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>;(Slade, 2005). The benefit of mentalizing goes beyond attachment to predicting the general capacity for emotion recognition ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Taumoepeau</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>16933</RecNum><DisplayText>(Taumoepeau & Ruffman, 2006)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16933</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16933</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Taumoepeau, M.</author><author>Ruffman, T.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. mele@psy.otago.ac.nz</auth-address><titles><title>Mother and infant talk about mental states relates to desire language and emotion understanding</title><secondary-title>Child Development</secondary-title><alt-title>Child development</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Child Development</full-title><abbr-1>Child development</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Child Development</full-title><abbr-1>Child development</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>465-81</pages><volume>77</volume><number>2</number><edition>2006/04/14</edition><keywords><keyword>*Affect</keyword><keyword>*Attitude</keyword><keyword>Child, Preschool</keyword><keyword>*Cognition</keyword><keyword>*Communication</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Infant</keyword><keyword>*Language</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>*Mother-Child Relations</keyword><keyword>Mothers/*psychology</keyword><keyword>*Social Perception</keyword><keyword>Visual Perception</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2006</year><pub-dates><date>Mar-Apr</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0009-3920 (Print)
0009-3920 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>16611184</accession-num><work-type>Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>;(Taumoepeau & Ruffman, 2006) and the child’s performance in the task of social cognition PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MYXJhbmpvPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MYXJhbmpvPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Laranjo, Bernier, Meins, & Carlson, 2010; Meins et al., 2002), as well as general social cognitive development ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Meins</Author><Year>2003</Year><RecNum>10200</RecNum><DisplayText>(Meins et al., 2003)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>10200</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">10200</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Meins, E.</author><author>Fernyhough, C.</author><author>Wainwright, R.</author><author>Clark-Carter, D.</author><author>Das Gupta, M.</author><author>Fradley, E.</author><author>Tuckey, M.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Psychology Division, School of Sciences, Staffordshire University, UK. elizabeth.meins@durham.ac.uk</auth-address><titles><title>Pathways to understanding mind: Construct validity and predictive validity of maternal mind-mindedness</title><secondary-title>Child Development Perspectives</secondary-title><alt-title>Child development</alt-title></titles><alt-periodical><full-title>Child Development</full-title><abbr-1>Child development</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>1194-211</pages><volume>74</volume><number>4</number><edition>2003/08/27</edition><keywords><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>*Cognition</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Mother-Child Relations</keyword><keyword>*Mothers</keyword><keyword>*Questionnaires</keyword><keyword>Sensitivity and Specificity</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2003</year><pub-dates><date>Jul-Aug</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0009-3920 (Print)
0009-3920 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>12938713</accession-num><work-type>Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Validation Studies</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>;(Meins et al., 2003). Schiborr, Lotzin, Romer, Schulte-Markwort, and Ramsauer PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGUgRXhjbHVkZUF1dGg9IjEiPjxZZWFyPjIwMTM8L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT4x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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGUgRXhjbHVkZUF1dGg9IjEiPjxZZWFyPjIwMTM8L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT4x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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (2013) provided a systematic review of studies that have explored child-focused maternal mentalization in the first 3 years of life and identified 15 separate measurement approaches to assessing maternal mentalizing, ranging from assessments of maternal narratives for their reflectivity PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Gb25hZ3k8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk4PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Gb25hZ3k8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk4PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Fonagy, Target, Steele, & Steele, 1998; Slade, 2005), insightfulness PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5PcHBlbmhlaW08L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA5PC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5PcHBlbmhlaW08L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA5PC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Bretherton, Biringen, Ridgeway, Maslin, & Sherman, 1989; Oppenheim & Koren-Karie, 2009), meta-emotional representation ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Gottman</Author><Year>1996</Year><RecNum>16660</RecNum><DisplayText>(Gottman, Katz, & Hooven, 1996)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16660</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16660</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Gottman, J. M.</author><author>Katz, L. F.</author><author>Hooven, C.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Gottman, JM
Univ Washington,Dept Psychol,Box 351525,Seattle,Wa 98115, USA
Univ Washington,Dept Psychol,Box 351525,Seattle,Wa 98115, USA</auth-address><titles><title>Parental meta-emotion philosophy and the emotional life of families: Theoretical models and preliminary data</title><secondary-title>Journal of Family Psychology</secondary-title><alt-title>J Fam Psychol</alt-title></titles><pages>243-268</pages><volume>10</volume><number>3</number><keywords><keyword>cardiac vagal tone</keyword><keyword>10-month-old infants</keyword><keyword>thymus gland</keyword><keyword>behavior</keyword><keyword>competence</keyword><keyword>reactivity</keyword><keyword>asymmetry</keyword><keyword>patterns</keyword><keyword>children</keyword><keyword>preschoolers</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1996</year><pub-dates><date>Sep</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0893-3200</isbn><accession-num>ISI:A1996VH25400001</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><Go to ISI>://A1996VH25400001</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>Doi 10.1037/0893-3200.10.3.243</electronic-resource-num><language>English</language></record></Cite></EndNote>(Gottman, Katz, & Hooven, 1996), and the proclivity to attribute meaning to the child indicated by uttering vocal, but meaningless and nonstandard words ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Meins</Author><Year>1998</Year><RecNum>16661</RecNum><DisplayText>(Meins, 1998)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16661</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16661</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Meins, E.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Meins, E
Univ Durham, Dept Psychol, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England
Univ Durham, Dept Psychol, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England
Univ Durham, Dept Psychol, Durham DH1 3LE, England</auth-address><titles><title>The effects of security of attachment and maternal attribution of meaning on children's linguistic acquisitional style</title><secondary-title>Infant Behavior & Development</secondary-title><alt-title>Infant Behav Dev</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Infant Behavior and Development</full-title><abbr-1>Infant behavior & development</abbr-1></periodical><pages>237-252</pages><volume>21</volume><number>2</number><keywords><keyword>security of attachment</keyword><keyword>linguistic acquisitional style</keyword><keyword>maternal mind-mindedness</keyword><keyword>referential-expressive distinction</keyword><keyword>infant-mother attachment</keyword><keyword>individual-differences</keyword><keyword>vocabulary development</keyword><keyword>language-development</keyword><keyword>origins</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1998</year></dates><isbn>0163-6383</isbn><accession-num>ISI:000074922000004</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><Go to ISI>://000074922000004</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>Doi 10.1016/S0163-6383(98)90004-2</electronic-resource-num><language>English</language></record></Cite></EndNote>(Meins, 1998), and observational tools to assess the mother’s treating of the infant as a mental agent capable of intentional action ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Meins</Author><Year>2001</Year><RecNum>9180</RecNum><DisplayText>(Meins et al., 2001)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>9180</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">9180</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Meins, E.</author><author>Fernyhough, C.</author><author>Fradley, E.</author><author>Tuckey, M.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Meins, E
Univ Durham, Dept Psychol, Sci Labs, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England
Univ Durham, Dept Psychol, Sci Labs, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England
Staffordshire Univ, Stoke On Trent ST4 2DE, Staffs, England</auth-address><titles><title>Rethinking maternal sensitivity: Mothers' comments on infants' mental processes predict security of attachment at 12 months</title><secondary-title>Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry</secondary-title><alt-title>J Child Psychol Psyc</alt-title></titles><pages>637-648</pages><volume>42</volume><number>5</number><keywords><keyword>attachment</keyword><keyword>individual differences</keyword><keyword>mothers</keyword><keyword>parent-child interaction</keyword><keyword>normal development</keyword><keyword>mind-mindedness</keyword><keyword>linguistic acquisitional style</keyword><keyword>individual-differences</keyword><keyword>1st year</keyword><keyword>origins</keyword><keyword>representations</keyword><keyword>metaanalysis</keyword><keyword>antecedents</keyword><keyword>states</keyword><keyword>age</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2001</year><pub-dates><date>Jul</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0021-9630</isbn><accession-num>ISI:000170077500008</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><Go to ISI>://000170077500008</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1017/S0021963001007302</electronic-resource-num><language>English</language></record></Cite></EndNote>(Meins et al., 2001), the use of mental state terms PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5GdXJyb3c8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTkyPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5GdXJyb3c8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTkyPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Furrow, Moore, Davidge, & Chiasson, 1992; Ruffman, Slade, & Crowe, 2002), mental state language ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Schechter</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>16932</RecNum><DisplayText>(Schechter et al., 2006)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16932</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16932</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Schechter, D. S.</author><author>Myers, M. M.</author><author>Brunelli, S. A.</author><author>Coates, S. W.</author><author>Zeanah, C. H.</author><author>Davies, M.</author><author>Grienenberger, J. F.</author><author>Marshall, R. D.</author><author>McCaw, J. E.</author><author>Trabka, K. A.</author><author>Liebowitz, M. R.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Psychiatry, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY.</auth-address><titles><title>Traumatized mothers can change their minds about their toddlers: Understanding how a novel use of videofeedback supports positive change of maternal attributions</title><secondary-title>Infant Mental Health Journal</secondary-title><alt-title>Infant mental health journal</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Infant Mental Health Journal</full-title><abbr-1>Inf Mental Hlth J</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Infant Mental Health Journal</full-title><abbr-1>Inf Mental Hlth J</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>429-447</pages><volume>27</volume><number>5</number><edition>2007/11/17</edition><dates><year>2006</year><pub-dates><date>Sep</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0163-9641 (Print)
0163-9641 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>18007960</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;(Schechter et al., 2006) and mental state references ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Slaughter</Author><Year>2008</Year><RecNum>16663</RecNum><DisplayText>(Slaughter, Peterson, & Carpenter, 2008)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16663</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16663</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Slaughter, V.</author><author>Peterson, C. C.</author><author>Carpenter, M.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Slaughter, V
Univ Queensland, Sch Psychol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
Univ Queensland, Sch Psychol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
Univ Queensland, Sch Psychol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia</auth-address><titles><title>Maternal talk about mental states and the emergence of joint visual attention</title><secondary-title>Infancy</secondary-title><alt-title>Infancy</alt-title></titles><pages>640-659</pages><volume>13</volume><number>6</number><keywords><keyword>of-mind development</keyword><keyword>false-belief</keyword><keyword>language</keyword><keyword>children</keyword><keyword>mother</keyword><keyword>infant</keyword><keyword>metaanalysis</keyword><keyword>mindedness</keyword><keyword>autism</keyword><keyword>others</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2008</year></dates><isbn>1525-0008</isbn><accession-num>ISI:000261189400005</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><Go to ISI>://000261189400005</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1080/15250000802458807</electronic-resource-num><language>English</language></record></Cite></EndNote>(Slaughter, Peterson, & Carpenter, 2008) in relation to or directly to the child. At root, these diverse approaches to understanding the quality of the relationship between caregiver and child all attempt to elaborate the notion of sensitivity in the direction of specifying “appropriate responsiveness” in terms of maternal self-awareness in the role of a communicator (teacher) in the transactional process to establish an appropriate pathway for information transmission. This can be operationalized in an interactional context in terms of ostensive cues such as maternal responsiveness to the infant’s direction of gaze or to the infant’s object-directed actions, imitation of the infant, encouragement of autonomous actions, mind-related comments, and the use of mental state language. Personal predisposition to these actions is reasonably predicted by a range of trait variables discernible in the parent’s narrative. Mind-oriented or “mind-minded” ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Meins</Author><Year>2003</Year><RecNum>10200</RecNum><Prefix>to use Elizabeth Meins’ term`; </Prefix><DisplayText>(to use Elizabeth Meins’ term; Meins et al., 2003)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>10200</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">10200</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Meins, E.</author><author>Fernyhough, C.</author><author>Wainwright, R.</author><author>Clark-Carter, D.</author><author>Das Gupta, M.</author><author>Fradley, E.</author><author>Tuckey, M.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Psychology Division, School of Sciences, Staffordshire University, UK. elizabeth.meins@durham.ac.uk</auth-address><titles><title>Pathways to understanding mind: Construct validity and predictive validity of maternal mind-mindedness</title><secondary-title>Child Development Perspectives</secondary-title><alt-title>Child development</alt-title></titles><alt-periodical><full-title>Child Development</full-title><abbr-1>Child development</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>1194-211</pages><volume>74</volume><number>4</number><edition>2003/08/27</edition><keywords><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>*Cognition</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Mother-Child Relations</keyword><keyword>*Mothers</keyword><keyword>*Questionnaires</keyword><keyword>Sensitivity and Specificity</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2003</year><pub-dates><date>Jul-Aug</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0009-3920 (Print)
0009-3920 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>12938713</accession-num><work-type>Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Validation Studies</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>;(to use Elizabeth Meins’ term; Meins et al., 2003) narratives and behaviors signal a richness in terms of ostensive cues, which establish a communication pattern characterized by flexibility and receptiveness to new information between adult and child.Epistemic trust is triggered by ostensive cues, which in turn trigger a special kind of attention. Attachment is just a special condition for generating epistemic trust. Caregiving within the attachment system provokes that special kind of attention, potentially opening the mind of the recipient of information to the possibility that the next set of communications is relevant to them as an individual. In general, any communication that is “marked” PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Gb25hZ3k8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA3PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Gb25hZ3k8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA3PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Fonagy et al., 2007) by recognition of the listener as an intentional agent will enhance epistemic trust and increase the likelihood that the communication will subsequently be coded as relevant, generalizable, and to be retained in long-term procedural or semantic memory independent of the autobiographical episode where it was received.The Dysfunctional Use of Ostensive Cues and the Risk of BPDWe are all aware of an extensive body of work that shows vulnerability to personality disorder manifested in the marked absence of respect for the recipient of communications as an active agent. There is no space here to review the extensive range of studies that have shown (a) insecure attachment to be associated with personality disorder, (b) insecure and often mindless child–caregiver interactions antedating personality disorder and, perhaps most pertinent, (c) anomalies of early mother–infant communication that predict not only attachment disorganization but, in some carefully conducted longitudinal studies, the likely emergence of personality pathology ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Fonagy</Author><Year>in press</Year><RecNum>16797</RecNum><Prefix>see </Prefix><Suffix>`, for a review</Suffix><DisplayText>(see Fonagy & Luyten, in press, for a review)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16797</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16797</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book Section">5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Fonagy, P</author><author>Luyten, P.</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>Dante Cicchetti</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>A multilevel perspective on the development of borderline personality disorder</title><secondary-title>Development and psychopathology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Dev Psychopathol</full-title><abbr-1>Development and psychopathology</abbr-1></periodical><edition>3rd</edition><dates><year>in press</year></dates><pub-location>New York, NY</pub-location><publisher>John Wiley & Sons</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(see Fonagy & Luyten, in press, for a review). Detailed inquiry into these high-risk anomalies of parent–infant communication suggests the potential misuse of ostensive cueing. By “misuse of ostensive cueing” we mean using cues to lead the infant to anticipate personally relevant generalizable knowledge through a kind of pseudo-sensitivity followed by the transmission of disruptive and even destructive knowledge. The manual for the coding system Disconnected and Extremely Insensitive Parenting ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Out</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>16667</RecNum><DisplayText>(Out et al., 2009)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16667</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16667</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Report">27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Out, D.</author><author>Cyr, C.</author><author>Pijlman, F.T.A.</author><author>Beijersbergen, M. D.</author><author>Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J.</author><author>van IJzendoorn, M. H.</author></authors><tertiary-authors><author>Rommert Casimir Publishers</author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title>Disconnected and extremely Insensitive Parenting (DIP) Version 3</title></titles><dates><year>2009</year></dates><pub-location>Leiden, The Netherlands</pub-location><publisher>Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Out et al., 2009) (predicting disorganized attachment) is rich in examples of this pattern. Some of these are: anomalous movements and postures; simultaneous contradictions in vocalizations; suddenly stilling and freezing posture, or startling in response to the child’s behavior; sudden voice alterations; sudden and inexplicable shifts of mood; and showing fear in relation to aspects of the environment that are not intrinsically frightening. Both “on-line” and “off-line” studies of the mother’s capacity to represent the mental state of their child show that mothers who are better able to read their infant’s sense of subjective self (their agentiveness) are most likely to engender a secure attachment relationship. A longitudinal study by Corriveau et al. PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGUgRXhjbHVkZUF1dGg9IjEiPjxZZWFyPjIwMDk8L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT4x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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGUgRXhjbHVkZUF1dGg9IjEiPjxZZWFyPjIwMDk8L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT4x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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (2009) indicates the implications of attachment disorganization for the epistemic aspects of the mother–child relationship. In this study, 147 children whose attachment status had been assessed in infancy were tested twice for epistemic attitudes at 50 and 61 months. In each test, the mother and a stranger gave the child conflicting information in three tasks: in naming a novel object, in naming a hybrid animal made up 50% each of two animals, and in naming a hybrid animal made up of 75% of one animal and 25% of another. The proportion of trials in which children chose their mother for information was a function of both infant attachment classification and task. Children who had been securely attached infants were most likely to trust their mothers as long as their claims were reasonably credible, but agreed with the stranger (and their own perception) when the mother named an animal counterintuitively. Thus, secure attachment lays the foundation for an epistemic attitude of confidence in one’s own experience and belief (it empowers judgment). Children who had been avoidant as infants tended to mistrust the mother in neutral or ambiguous conditions but showed confidence in their own experience. Those who had been anxiously attached were likely to agree with the attachment figure even when her claims were counterintuitive. Children whose attachment had been disorganized in infancy showed a particularly striking response. They tended to mistrust both information from their own experience and the attachment figure’s or the stranger’s views. These children seemed to be left with an insoluble dilemma about “whose information can I trust?” This perhaps lays the ground for a potentially interminable epistemic search: seeking others to confirm or deny one’s own understanding and yet finding it impossible to trust the information once it has been received. This may generate a state of epistemic hypervigilance where lack of trust is generalized to any communication.Implications for Understanding the Core Features of Borderline Personality DisorderThe Interpersonal TraditionRecently, Hopwood and colleagues ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Hopwood</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>16936</RecNum><DisplayText>(Hopwood, Wright, Ansell, & Pincus, 2013)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16936</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16936</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Hopwood, C. J.</author><author>Wright, A. G.</author><author>Ansell, E. B.</author><author>Pincus, A. L.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1116, USA. Hopwood2@msu.edu</auth-address><titles><title>The interpersonal core of personality pathology</title><secondary-title>Journal of Personality Disorders</secondary-title><alt-title>Journal of personality disorders</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Pers Disord</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of personality disorders</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>J Pers Disord</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of personality disorders</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>270-95</pages><volume>27</volume><number>3</number><edition>2013/06/06</edition><dates><year>2013</year><pub-dates><date>Jun</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1943-2763 (Electronic)
0885-579X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>23735037</accession-num><work-type>Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>;(Hopwood, Wright, Ansell, & Pincus, 2013), along with Bornstein ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite ExcludeAuth="1"><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>16937</RecNum><DisplayText>(2013)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16937</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16937</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Bornstein, R. F.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Derner Institute of Advanced Psychological Studies, 212 Blodgett Hall, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY 11530, USA. bornstein@adelphi.edu</auth-address><titles><title>Combining interpersonal and intrapersonal perspectives on personality pathology: A commentary on Hopwood et al</title><secondary-title>Journal of Personality Disorders</secondary-title><alt-title>Journal of personality disorders</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Pers Disord</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of personality disorders</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>J Pers Disord</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of personality disorders</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>296-302</pages><volume>27</volume><number>3</number><edition>2013/06/06</edition><dates><year>2013</year><pub-dates><date>Jun</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1943-2763 (Electronic)
0885-579X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>23735038</accession-num><work-type>Comment</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>;(2013) and Gunderson and Lyons-Ruth PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGUgRXhjbHVkZUF1dGg9IjEiPjxZZWFyPjIwMDg8L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT4x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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGUgRXhjbHVkZUF1dGg9IjEiPjxZZWFyPjIwMDg8L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT4x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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (2008), have made a strong case that personality pathology, which at its core is interpersonal in its manifestations, should be diagnosed and classified in a relational context. They suggest that the core features that define personality pathology play themselves out in both clinical and everyday settings in the field of interpersonal situations. They cite a wide range of scholars whose contributions may be considered to have similar emphases (Beck, Kernberg, Linehan, Rutter, Wiggins, etc.). Whether contemporary interpersonal theory does or does not provide the best available map for navigating this interpersonal landscape, the core of the argument that it is hard to imagine personality pathology aside from its social context would be hard to contest. Bender ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite ExcludeAuth="1"><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>16939</RecNum><DisplayText>(2013)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16939</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16939</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Bender, D. S.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, USA. bender.donna@</auth-address><titles><title>An ecumenical approach to conceptualizing and studying the core of personality psychopathology: A commentary on Hopwood et al</title><secondary-title>Journal of Personality Disorders</secondary-title><alt-title>Journal of personality disorders</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Pers Disord</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of personality disorders</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>J Pers Disord</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of personality disorders</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>311-9</pages><volume>27</volume><number>3</number><edition>2013/06/06</edition><dates><year>2013</year><pub-dates><date>Jun</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1943-2763 (Electronic)
0885-579X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>23735040</accession-num><work-type>Comment</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>;(2013), reviewing no fewer than 18 primary studies, suggested that the two common developmental pathways proposed by Luyten and Blatt ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite ExcludeAuth="1"><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>12686</RecNum><DisplayText>(2011)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>12686</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">12686</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Luyten, P.</author><author>Blatt, S. J.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium. patrick.luyten@psy.kuleuven.be</auth-address><titles><title>Integrating theory-driven and empirically-derived models of personality development and psychopathology: A proposal for DSM V</title><secondary-title>Clinical Psychology Review</secondary-title><alt-title>Clinical psychology review</alt-title></titles><pages>52-68</pages><volume>31</volume><number>1</number><edition>2010/12/07</edition><keywords><keyword>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Mental Disorders/diagnosis/*psychology</keyword><keyword>*Models, Psychological</keyword><keyword>*Personality Development</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Feb</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1873-7811 (Electronic)
0272-7358 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>21130936</accession-num><work-type>Review</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>;(2011) (self-definition and interpersonal relatedness) offer a unifying stance across the personality disorder field. We naturally agree, with the significant amendment that it is rigidity (or lack of flexibility) in the person’s positioning on these two pathways that requires mapping in personality disorder. It is the lack of flexibility in interpersonal relationships (not merely their distortion) that identifies individuals with personality disorder. We have identified rigidity as a way of conceptualizing interpersonal dysfunction in personality disorder. Taking the perspective of epistemic trust as the mediator of culture and its key underlying engine for progression, we have to see the destruction of trust in social knowledge as the key mechanism in pathological personality development. Epistemic Mistrust and the Reason for Heightened Epistemic VigilanceEarly adversityTrust may be undermined or destroyed by social adversity, especially attachment trauma ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Allen</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>16420</RecNum><DisplayText>(Allen, 2013)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16420</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16420</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Allen, J. G.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Mentalizing in the development and treatment of attachment trauma</title></titles><dates><year>2013</year></dates><pub-location>London, UK</pub-location><publisher>Karnac Books</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Allen, 2013). Recently, Nicol, Pope, Sprengelmeyer, Young, and Hall ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite ExcludeAuth="1"><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>17070</RecNum><DisplayText>(2013)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>17070</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">17070</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Nicol, K.</author><author>Pope, M.</author><author>Sprengelmeyer, R.</author><author>Young, A. W.</author><author>Hall, J.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.</auth-address><titles><title>Social judgement in borderline personality disorder</title><secondary-title>PLOS ONE</secondary-title><alt-title>PloS one</alt-title></titles><pages>e73440</pages><volume>8</volume><number>11</number><edition>2013/11/14</edition><dates><year>2013</year></dates><isbn>1932-6203 (Electronic)
1932-6203 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>24223110</accession-num><work-type>Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>;(2013) found that BPD patients judged faces as less trustworthy (and approachable) than controls in line with experiences of childhood trauma, and argued that this may explain why BPD patients struggle to make appropriate social judgments based on others’ facial expressions. Maltreatment at a formative stage of development may be the most common reason for mistrust. This is not specific to BPD: we know that such experiences slow response to treatment regardless of primary diagnosis PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UZWljaGVyPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMzwvWWVhcj48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 EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UZWljaGVyPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMzwvWWVhcj48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 EN.CITE.DATA (e.g., Teicher & Samson, 2013). Among individuals with personality disorders, rates of childhood trauma are high PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CYWxsPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwOTwvWWVhcj48UmVj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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CYWxsPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwOTwvWWVhcj48UmVj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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (73% report abuse, of which 34% is sexual abuse, and 82% report neglect; Ball & Links, 2009; Chanen & Kaess, 2012). BPD patients are four times more likely than normal controls to have suffered early trauma ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Johnson</Author><Year>1999</Year><RecNum>6119</RecNum><DisplayText>(Johnson, Cohen, Brown, Smailes, & Bernstein, 1999)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>6119</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">6119</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Johnson, J. G.</author><author>Cohen, P.</author><author>Brown, J.</author><author>Smailes, E. M.</author><author>Bernstein, D. P.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Childhood maltreatment increases risk for personality disorders during early adulthood</title><secondary-title>Archives of General Psychiatry</secondary-title></titles><pages>600-605</pages><volume>56</volume><dates><year>1999</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Johnson, Cohen, Brown, Smailes, & Bernstein, 1999). BPD is more consistently associated with childhood maltreatment than are other personality disorder diagnoses PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CYWlyZDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDU8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CYWlyZDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDU8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (e.g. Baird, Veague, & Rabbitt, 2005; Buchheim et al., 2008).However, adversity also seems to leave individuals at increased risk for other mental disorders, ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Paris</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>14113</RecNum><DisplayText>(Paris, 2007)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>14113</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">14113</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Paris, J.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal. joel.paris@mcgill.ca</auth-address><titles><title>The nature of borderline personality disorder: Multiple dimensions, multiple symptoms, but one category</title><secondary-title>Journal of Personality Disorders</secondary-title><alt-title>Journal of personality disorders</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Pers Disord</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of personality disorders</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>J Pers Disord</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of personality disorders</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>457-73</pages><volume>21</volume><number>5</number><edition>2007/10/24</edition><keywords><keyword>Affect</keyword><keyword>Borderline Personality Disorder/*classification/*diagnosis</keyword><keyword>*Cognition</keyword><keyword>Hostility</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>*Impulsive Behavior</keyword><keyword>Psychiatric Status Rating Scales</keyword><keyword>*Temperament</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2007</year><pub-dates><date>Oct</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0885-579X (Print)
0885-579X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>17953501</accession-num><work-type>Review</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>;(Paris, 2007). Several systematic reviews support an association between child abuse and psychosis ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Read</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>16443</RecNum><Prefix>e.g. </Prefix><DisplayText>(e.g. Read & Bentall, 2012)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16443</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16443</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Read, J.</author><author>Bentall, R. P.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Negative childhood experiences and mental health: Theoretical, clinical and primary prevention implications</title><secondary-title>British Journal of Psychiatry</secondary-title><alt-title>The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science</alt-title></titles><pages>89-91</pages><volume>200</volume><number>2</number><edition>2012/02/03</edition><keywords><keyword>Child Abuse/*psychology/*statistics & numerical data</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Mental Disorders/*epidemiology</keyword><keyword>*Models, Statistical</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2012</year><pub-dates><date>Feb</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1472-1465 (Electronic)
0007-1250 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>22297585</accession-num><work-type>Comment
Editorial</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>;(e.g. Read & Bentall, 2012), bipolar disorder PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5EYXJ1eS1GaWxobzwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTE8L1ll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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5EYXJ1eS1GaWxobzwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTE8L1ll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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (e.g. Daruy-Filho, Brietzke, Lafer, & Grassi-Oliveira, 2011), and depression PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5OYW5uaTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTI8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5OYW5uaTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTI8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (e.g. Nanni, Uher, & Danese, 2012). Of course, not all those with abuse histories go on to develop BPD. In a prospective study of maltreated children PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5XaWRvbTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDk8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5XaWRvbTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDk8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Widom, Czaja, & Paris, 2009), only 14.9% of those who had been abused met criteria for BPD. Some individuals with confirmed BPD do not report childhood abuse, with rates varying between 8% PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5LaW5nZG9uPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5LaW5nZG9uPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Kingdon et al., 2010) and 70% PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BZmlmaTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTE8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BZmlmaTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTE8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Afifi et al., 2011) depending on the population sampled. Although evidence for specificity is lacking, Ball and Links ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite ExcludeAuth="1"><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>16440</RecNum><DisplayText>(2009)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16440</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16440</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Ball, J. S.</author><author>Links, P. S.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide Studies Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, Shuter Wing, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada. jeff.ball@utoronto.ca</auth-address><titles><title>Borderline personality disorder and childhood trauma: Evidence for a causal relationship</title><secondary-title>Current Psychiatry Reports</secondary-title><alt-title>Current psychiatry reports</alt-title></titles><pages>63-8</pages><volume>11</volume><number>1</number><edition>2009/02/04</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Borderline Personality</keyword><keyword>Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology/physiopathology/*psychology</keyword><keyword>Brain/physiopathology</keyword><keyword>Causality</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Child Abuse/psychology/statistics & numerical data</keyword><keyword>Child Abuse, Sexual/psychology/statistics & numerical data</keyword><keyword>Cross-Sectional Studies</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Interpersonal Relations</keyword><keyword>*Life Change Events</keyword><keyword>Object Attachment</keyword><keyword>Risk Factors</keyword><keyword>Self Concept</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2009</year><pub-dates><date>Feb</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1535-1645 (Electronic)
1523-3812 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>19187711</accession-num><work-type>Review</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>;(2009) concluded from perhaps the most thoughtful review to date that a causal relationship was likely. We should interpret the relatively high prevalence of maltreatment in individuals with BPD with caution. Do these individuals report the abuse they have experienced accurately PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5aYW5hcmluaTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDA8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5aYW5hcmluaTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDA8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (see Battle et al., 2004; Huang et al., 2012; Machizawa-Summers, 2007; Zanarini et al., 2000)? However, much of the criticism is levelled at assertions of sexual or physical abuse. We feel that while epistemic trust may be undermined by the frank brutality of such abuse, neglect and emotional abuse are likely to play a larger role. A recent systematic review ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Crombie</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>16450</RecNum><DisplayText>(Crombie & Fonagy, 2013)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16450</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16450</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Crombie, T.</author><author>Fonagy, P.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>A systematic literature review into the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and emotional neglect and borderline personality disorder</title><secondary-title>Clinical Psychology Review</secondary-title></titles><pages>Manuscript submitted for publication</pages><dates><year>2013</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Crombie & Fonagy, 2013) identified 39 studies that reported on neglect and emotional abuse from 33 independent samples, of which eight were prospective studies. Results obtained from longitudinal cohort studies confirmed cross-sectional investigations that emotional neglect and abuse predicted the emergence of BPD symptoms in later life PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5IZWxnZWxhbmQ8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA0PC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5IZWxnZWxhbmQ8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA0PC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Carlson, Egeland, & Sroufe, 2009; Crawford, Cohen, Chen, Anglin, & Ehrensaft, 2009; Helgeland & Torgersen, 2004; Johnson et al., 2001; Johnson, Smailes, Cohen, Brown, & Bernstein, 2000; Widom et al., 2009). The specific significance of neglect and emotional abuse for BPD is emphasized in the studies that failed to find a significant difference in relation to sexual abuse PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CZWxsaW5vPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNTwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CZWxsaW5vPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNTwvWWVhcj48
UmVjTnVtPjE2NDY1PC9SZWNOdW0+PERpc3BsYXlUZXh0PihCZWxsaW5vIGV0IGFsLiwgMjAwNTsg
QmllcmVyIGV0IGFsLiwgMjAwMzsgTGFwb3J0ZSwgUGFyaXMsIEd1dHRtYW4sICZhbXA7IFJ1c3Nl
bGwsIDIwMTE7IFdpZG9tIGV0IGFsLiwgMjAwOTsgWmFuYXJpbmkgZXQgYWwuLCAyMDAwKTwvRGlz
cGxheVRleHQ+PHJlY29yZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj4xNjQ2NTwvcmVjLW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1r
ZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9InB0cGEwdjlhNzV6ZmY2ZTl6cHRwZHNydXZ2eDlwMHRy
ZHdhMiI+MTY0NjU8L2tleT48L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBB
cnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPkJlbGxp
bm8sIFMuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5QYXRyaWEsIEwuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5QYXJhZGlz
bywgRS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkRpIExvcmVuem8sIFIuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5aYW5v
biwgQy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlppenphLCBNLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+Qm9nZXR0bywg
Ri48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5EZXBhcnRt
ZW50IG9mIE5ldXJvc2NpZW5jZSwgVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBUdXJpbiwgSXRhbHkuIHNpbHZpby5i
ZWxsaW5vQHVuaXRvLml0PC9hdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+TWFqb3IgZGVwcmVz
c2lvbiBpbiBwYXRpZW50cyB3aXRoIGJvcmRlcmxpbmUgcGVyc29uYWxpdHkgZGlzb3JkZXI6IEEg
Y2xpbmljYWwgaW52ZXN0aWdhdGlvbjwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5DYW5hZGlhbiBK
b3VybmFsIG9mIFBzeWNoaWF0cnk8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48YWx0LXRpdGxlPkNhbmFkaWFu
IGpvdXJuYWwgb2YgcHN5Y2hpYXRyeS4gUmV2dWUgY2FuYWRpZW5uZSBkZSBwc3ljaGlhdHJpZTwv
YWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwYWdlcz4yMzQtODwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT41MDwvdm9sdW1l
PjxudW1iZXI+NDwvbnVtYmVyPjxlZGl0aW9uPjIwMDUvMDUvMTk8L2VkaXRpb24+PGtleXdvcmRz
PjxrZXl3b3JkPkFkdWx0PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFueGlldHkvZGlhZ25vc2lzPC9rZXl3
b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkJvcmRlcmxpbmUgUGVyc29uYWxpdHkgRGlzb3JkZXIvZGlhZ25vc2lzLypl
cGlkZW1pb2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2hpbGQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2hp
bGQgQWJ1c2UsIFNleHVhbC9zdGF0aXN0aWNzICZhbXA7IG51bWVyaWNhbCBkYXRhPC9rZXl3b3Jk
PjxrZXl3b3JkPkNvbW9yYmlkaXR5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkRlcHJlc3NpdmUgRGlzb3Jk
ZXIsIE1ham9yL2RpYWdub3Npcy8qZXBpZGVtaW9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkRpYWdu
b3N0aWMgYW5kIFN0YXRpc3RpY2FsIE1hbnVhbCBvZiBNZW50YWwgRGlzb3JkZXJzPC9rZXl3b3Jk
PjxrZXl3b3JkPkZlbWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+SW50ZXJ2aWV3LCBQc3ljaG9sb2dpY2FsPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1hbGU8L2tleXdv
cmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UXVlc3Rpb25uYWlyZXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U2V2ZXJpdHkgb2Yg
SWxsbmVzcyBJbmRleDwva2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdvcmRzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDA1PC95ZWFy
PjxwdWItZGF0ZXM+PGRhdGU+TWFyPC9kYXRlPjwvcHViLWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MDcw
Ni03NDM3IChQcmludCkmI3hEOzA3MDYtNzQzNyAoTGlua2luZyk8L2lzYm4+PGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1u
dW0+MTU4OTg0NjM8L2FjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+PHVybHM+PHJlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48dXJsPmh0dHA6
Ly93d3cubmNiaS5ubG0ubmloLmdvdi9wdWJtZWQvMTU4OTg0NjM8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJs
cz48L3VybHM+PGxhbmd1YWdlPmVuZzwvbGFuZ3VhZ2U+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjxDaXRlPjxB
dXRob3I+QmllcmVyPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwMzwvWWVhcj48UmVjTnVtPjE2NDcyPC9SZWNO
dW0+PHJlY29yZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj4xNjQ3MjwvcmVjLW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxr
ZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9InB0cGEwdjlhNzV6ZmY2ZTl6cHRwZHNydXZ2eDlwMHRyZHdhMiI+
MTY0NzI8L2tleT48L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xl
Ij4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPkJpZXJlciwgTC4g
TS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlllaHVkYSwgUi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlNjaG1laWRsZXIs
IEouPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5NaXRyb3BvdWxvdSwgVi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPk5ldywg
QS4gUy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlNpbHZlcm1hbiwgSi4gTS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlNp
ZXZlciwgTC4gSi48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVz
cz5EZXBhcnRtZW50IG9mIFBzeWNoaWF0cnksIE1vdW50IFNpbmFpIFNjaG9vbCBvZiBNZWRpY2lu
ZSwgTmV3IFlvcmssIE5ldyBZb3JrLCBVU0EuIGxpbmRhLmJpZXJlckBtZWQudmEuZ292PC9hdXRo
LWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+QWJ1c2UgYW5kIG5lZ2xlY3QgaW4gY2hpbGRob29kOiBS
ZWxhdGlvbnNoaXAgdG8gcGVyc29uYWxpdHkgZGlzb3JkZXIgZGlhZ25vc2VzPC90aXRsZT48c2Vj
b25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPkNOUyBTcGVjdHJ1bXM8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48YWx0LXRpdGxlPkNO
UyBzcGVjdHJ1bXM8L2FsdC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGFnZXM+NzM3LTU0PC9wYWdlcz48dm9s
dW1lPjg8L3ZvbHVtZT48bnVtYmVyPjEwPC9udW1iZXI+PGVkaXRpb24+MjAwNC8wMS8wOTwvZWRp
dGlvbj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWR1bHQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2hpbGQ8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2hpbGQgQWJ1c2UvKnBzeWNob2xvZ3kvKnN0YXRpc3RpY3MgJmFtcDsg
bnVtZXJpY2FsIGRhdGE8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RmVtYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3Jk
Pkh1bWFuczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlBlcnNvbmFs
aXR5IERpc29yZGVycy8qZGlhZ25vc2lzLyplcGlkZW1pb2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+
UHJldmFsZW5jZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5RdWVzdGlvbm5haXJlczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5
d29yZD5TdHJlc3MgRGlzb3JkZXJzLCBQb3N0LVRyYXVtYXRpYy9kaWFnbm9zaXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+
PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAwMzwveWVhcj48cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPk9jdDwv
ZGF0ZT48L3B1Yi1kYXRlcz48L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjEwOTItODUyOSAoUHJpbnQpJiN4RDsxMDky
LTg1MjkgKExpbmtpbmcpPC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjE0NzEyMTcyPC9hY2Nlc3Npb24t
bnVtPjx3b3JrLXR5cGU+UmVzZWFyY2ggU3VwcG9ydCwgVS5TLiBHb3YmYXBvczt0LCBOb24tUC5I
LlMuJiN4RDtSZXNlYXJjaCBTdXBwb3J0LCBVLlMuIEdvdiZhcG9zO3QsIFAuSC5TLjwvd29yay10
eXBlPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRwOi8vd3d3Lm5jYmkubmxtLm5paC5nb3Yv
cHVibWVkLzE0NzEyMTcyPC91cmw+PC9yZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PC91cmxzPjxsYW5ndWFnZT5lbmc8
L2xhbmd1YWdlPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48Q2l0ZT48QXV0aG9yPkxhcG9ydGU8L0F1dGhvcj48
WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNOdW0+MTY0NTU8L1JlY051bT48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVy
PjE2NDU1PC9yZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0icHRw
YTB2OWE3NXpmZjZlOXpwdHBkc3J1dnZ4OXAwdHJkd2EyIj4xNjQ1NTwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1r
ZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJp
YnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+TGFwb3J0ZSwgTC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlBhcmlz
LCBKLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+R3V0dG1hbiwgSC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlJ1c3NlbGws
IEouPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+TWNHaWxs
IFVuaXZlcnNpdHksIE1vbnRyZWFsLCBDYW5hZGEuIGxpc2UubGFwb3J0ZUBtdWhjLm1jZ2lsbC5j
YTwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPlBzeWNob3BhdGhvbG9neSwgY2hpbGRob29k
IHRyYXVtYSwgYW5kIHBlcnNvbmFsaXR5IHRyYWl0cyBpbiBwYXRpZW50cyB3aXRoIGJvcmRlcmxp
bmUgcGVyc29uYWxpdHkgZGlzb3JkZXIgYW5kIHRoZWlyIHNpc3RlcnM8L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRh
cnktdGl0bGU+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiBQZXJzb25hbGl0eSBEaXNvcmRlcnM8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRs
ZT48YWx0LXRpdGxlPkpvdXJuYWwgb2YgcGVyc29uYWxpdHkgZGlzb3JkZXJzPC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+
PC90aXRsZXM+PHBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+SiBQZXJzIERpc29yZDwvZnVsbC10aXRs
ZT48YWJici0xPkpvdXJuYWwgb2YgcGVyc29uYWxpdHkgZGlzb3JkZXJzPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9wZXJp
b2RpY2FsPjxhbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5KIFBlcnMgRGlzb3JkPC9mdWxsLXRp
dGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiBwZXJzb25hbGl0eSBkaXNvcmRlcnM8L2FiYnItMT48L2Fs
dC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxwYWdlcz40NDgtNjI8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+MjU8L3ZvbHVtZT48bnVt
YmVyPjQ8L251bWJlcj48ZWRpdGlvbj4yMDExLzA4LzE2PC9lZGl0aW9uPjxrZXl3b3Jkcz48a2V5
d29yZD5BZHVsdDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5BdHRpdHVkZSB0byBIZWFsdGg8L2tleXdvcmQ+
PGtleXdvcmQ+Qm9yZGVybGluZSBQZXJzb25hbGl0eSBEaXNvcmRlci9lcGlkZW1pb2xvZ3kvKnBz
eWNob2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2hpbGQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2hpbGQg
QWJ1c2UvKnBzeWNob2xvZ3kvc3RhdGlzdGljcyAmYW1wOyBudW1lcmljYWwgZGF0YTwva2V5d29y
ZD48a2V5d29yZD5Db21vcmJpZGl0eTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5GZW1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+
PGtleXdvcmQ+R2VybWFueTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+SW50ZXJwZXJzb25hbCBSZWxhdGlvbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWlkZGxlIEFnZWQ8
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UGFyZW50LUNoaWxkIFJlbGF0aW9uczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29y
ZD4qUGVyc29uYWxpdHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UGVyc29uYWxpdHkgSW52ZW50b3J5L3N0
YXRpc3RpY3MgJmFtcDsgbnVtZXJpY2FsIGRhdGE8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KlNldmVyaXR5
IG9mIElsbG5lc3MgSW5kZXg8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U2libGluZ3MvKnBzeWNob2xvZ3k8
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+WW91bmcgQWR1bHQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+
PHllYXI+MjAxMTwveWVhcj48cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPkF1ZzwvZGF0ZT48L3B1Yi1kYXRlcz48
L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjE5NDMtMjc2MyAoRWxlY3Ryb25pYykmI3hEOzA4ODUtNTc5WCAoTGlua2lu
Zyk8L2lzYm4+PGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+MjE4Mzg1NjE8L2FjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+PHdvcmstdHlw
ZT5Db21wYXJhdGl2ZSBTdHVkeSYjeEQ7UmVzZWFyY2ggU3VwcG9ydCwgTm9uLVUuUy4gR292JmFw
b3M7dDwvd29yay10eXBlPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRwOi8vd3d3Lm5jYmku
bmxtLm5paC5nb3YvcHVibWVkLzIxODM4NTYxPC91cmw+PC9yZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PC91cmxzPjxl
bGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT4xMC4xNTIxL3BlZGkuMjAxMS4yNS40LjQ0ODwvZWxlY3Ry
b25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+PGxhbmd1YWdlPmVuZzwvbGFuZ3VhZ2U+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRl
PjxDaXRlPjxBdXRob3I+V2lkb208L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA5PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNOdW0+MTQx
NDI8L1JlY051bT48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjE0MTQyPC9yZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWdu
LWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0icHRwYTB2OWE3NXpmZjZlOXpwdHBkc3J1dnZ4OXAw
dHJkd2EyIj4xNDE0Mjwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFs
IEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+V2lk
b20sIEMuIFMuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5DemFqYSwgUy4gSi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlBh
cmlzLCBKLjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPkpv
aG4gSmF5IENvbGxlZ2UgYW5kIEdyYWR1YXRlIENlbnRlciwgQ2l0eSBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIE5l
dyBZb3JrLCBOZXcgWW9yaywgVVNBLiBjd2lkb21AampheS5jdW55LmVkdTwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNz
Pjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPkEgcHJvc3BlY3RpdmUgaW52ZXN0aWdhdGlvbiBvZiBib3JkZXJsaW5l
IHBlcnNvbmFsaXR5IGRpc29yZGVyIGluIGFidXNlZCBhbmQgbmVnbGVjdGVkIGNoaWxkcmVuIGZv
bGxvd2VkIHVwIGludG8gYWR1bHRob29kPC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPkpvdXJuYWwg
b2YgUGVyc29uYWxpdHkgRGlzb3JkZXJzPC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5Kb3Vy
bmFsIG9mIHBlcnNvbmFsaXR5IGRpc29yZGVyczwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwZXJpb2Rp
Y2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkogUGVycyBEaXNvcmQ8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5Kb3VybmFs
IG9mIHBlcnNvbmFsaXR5IGRpc29yZGVyczwvYWJici0xPjwvcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48YWx0LXBlcmlv
ZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+SiBQZXJzIERpc29yZDwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPkpvdXJu
YWwgb2YgcGVyc29uYWxpdHkgZGlzb3JkZXJzPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48cGFn
ZXM+NDMzLTQ2PC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjIzPC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj41PC9udW1iZXI+PGVk
aXRpb24+MjAwOS8xMC8xMzwvZWRpdGlvbj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWR1bHQ8L2tleXdv
cmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWR1bHQgU3Vydml2b3JzIG9mIENoaWxkIEFidXNlLypwc3ljaG9sb2d5PC9r
ZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkJvcmRlcmxpbmUgUGVyc29uYWxpdHkgRGlzb3JkZXIvKmV0aW9sb2d5
L3BzeWNob2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2hpbGQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2hp
bGQgQWJ1c2UvKnBzeWNob2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2hpbGQgQWJ1c2UsIFNleHVh
bC9wc3ljaG9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZhbWlseSBDaGFyYWN0ZXJpc3RpY3M8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RmVtYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkh1bWFuczwva2V5d29yZD48
a2V5d29yZD5MZWFzdC1TcXVhcmVzIEFuYWx5c2lzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkxvZ2lzdGlj
IE1vZGVsczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1pZGRsZSBB
Z2VkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlByb3NwZWN0aXZlIFN0dWRpZXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+UmlzayBGYWN0b3JzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlNleCBGYWN0b3JzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPllvdW5nIEFkdWx0PC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMDk8
L3llYXI+PHB1Yi1kYXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5PY3Q8L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNi
bj4xOTQzLTI3NjMgKEVsZWN0cm9uaWMpJiN4RDswODg1LTU3OVggKExpbmtpbmcpPC9pc2JuPjxh
Y2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjE5ODE3NjI2PC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+
PHVybD5odHRwOi8vd3d3Lm5jYmkubmxtLm5paC5nb3YvcHVibWVkLzE5ODE3NjI2PC91cmw+PC9y
ZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PC91cmxzPjxlbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT4xMC4xNTIxL3BlZGku
MjAwOS4yMy41LjQzMzwvZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+PGxhbmd1YWdlPmVuZzwvbGFu
Z3VhZ2U+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjxDaXRlPjxBdXRob3I+WmFuYXJpbmk8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVh
cj4yMDAwPC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNOdW0+MTA3MDU8L1JlY051bT48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjEw
NzA1PC9yZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0icHRwYTB2
OWE3NXpmZjZlOXpwdHBkc3J1dnZ4OXAwdHJkd2EyIj4xMDcwNTwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1rZXlz
PjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0
b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+WmFuYXJpbmksIE0uIEMuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5GcmFu
a2VuYnVyZywgRi4gUi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlJlaWNoLCBELiBCLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRo
b3I+TWFyaW5vLCBNLiBGLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+TGV3aXMsIFIuIEUuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1
dGhvcj5XaWxsaWFtcywgQS4gQS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPktoZXJhLCBHLiBTLjwvYXV0aG9y
PjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPkxhYm9yYXRvcnkgZm9yIHRo
ZSBTdHVkeSBvZiBBZHVsdCBEZXZlbG9wbWVudCwgTWNMZWFuIEhvc3BpdGFsLCBCZWxtb250LCBN
QSAwMjQ3OCwgVVNBLiB6YW5hcmluaUBtY2xlYW4uaGFydmFyZC5lZHU8L2F1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz48
dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5CaXBhcmVudGFsIGZhaWx1cmUgaW4gdGhlIGNoaWxkaG9vZCBleHBlcmll
bmNlcyBvZiBib3JkZXJsaW5lIHBhdGllbnRzPC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPkpvdXJu
YWwgb2YgUGVyc29uYWxpdHkgRGlzb3JkZXJzPC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5K
b3VybmFsIG9mIHBlcnNvbmFsaXR5IGRpc29yZGVyczwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwZXJp
b2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkogUGVycyBEaXNvcmQ8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5Kb3Vy
bmFsIG9mIHBlcnNvbmFsaXR5IGRpc29yZGVyczwvYWJici0xPjwvcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48YWx0LXBl
cmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+SiBQZXJzIERpc29yZDwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPkpv
dXJuYWwgb2YgcGVyc29uYWxpdHkgZGlzb3JkZXJzPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48
cGFnZXM+MjY0LTczPC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjE0PC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj4zPC9udW1iZXI+
PGVkaXRpb24+MjAwMC8xMC8wNjwvZWRpdGlvbj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWR1bHQ8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Qm9yZGVybGluZSBQZXJzb25hbGl0eSBEaXNvcmRlci9ldGlvbG9neS8q
cHN5Y2hvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5DYXNlLUNvbnRyb2wgU3R1ZGllczwva2V5d29y
ZD48a2V5d29yZD5DaGlsZDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5DaGlsZCBBYnVzZS8qcHN5Y2hvbG9n
eTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5DaGlsZCBBYnVzZSwgU2V4dWFsL3BzeWNob2xvZ3k8L2tleXdv
cmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RmVtYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkh1bWFuczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5
d29yZD5NYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1vZGVscywgUHN5Y2hvbG9naWNhbDwva2V5d29y
ZD48a2V5d29yZD4qUGFyZW50LUNoaWxkIFJlbGF0aW9uczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5SaXNr
IEZhY3RvcnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U2V4IEZhY3RvcnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jk
cz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAwMDwveWVhcj48cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPkZhbGw8L2RhdGU+PC9w
dWItZGF0ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4wODg1LTU3OVggKFByaW50KSYjeEQ7MDg4NS01NzlYIChM
aW5raW5nKTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT4xMTAxOTc0OTwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48d29y
ay10eXBlPlJlc2VhcmNoIFN1cHBvcnQsIFUuUy4gR292JmFwb3M7dCwgUC5ILlMuPC93b3JrLXR5
cGU+PHVybHM+PHJlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48dXJsPmh0dHA6Ly93d3cubmNiaS5ubG0ubmloLmdvdi9w
dWJtZWQvMTEwMTk3NDk8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM+PGxhbmd1YWdlPmVuZzwv
bGFuZ3VhZ2U+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjwvRW5kTm90ZT5=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Bellino et al., 2005; Bierer et al., 2003; Laporte, Paris, Guttman, & Russell, 2011; Widom et al., 2009; Zanarini et al., 2000) or physical abuse PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CYXR0bGU8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA0PC9ZZWFyPjxS
ZWNOdW0+MTUxNjI8L1JlY051bT48RGlzcGxheVRleHQ+KEJhdHRsZSBldCBhbC4sIDIwMDQ7IFdp
ZG9tIGV0IGFsLiwgMjAwOSAoaW4gbWFsZSBwYXRpZW50cyBvbmx5KTsgV2luZ2VuZmVsZCBldCBh
bC4sIDIwMTEpPC9EaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjE1MTYyPC9yZWMtbnVt
YmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0icHRwYTB2OWE3NXpmZjZlOXpw
dHBkc3J1dnZ4OXAwdHJkd2EyIj4xNTE2Mjwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBu
YW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3Jz
PjxhdXRob3I+QmF0dGxlLCBDLiBMLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+U2hlYSwgTS4gVC48L2F1dGhv
cj48YXV0aG9yPkpvaG5zb24sIEQuIE0uPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5ZZW4sIFMuPC9hdXRob3I+
PGF1dGhvcj5abG90bmljaywgQy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlphbmFyaW5pLCBNLiBDLjwvYXV0
aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+U2FuaXNsb3csIEMuIEEuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5Ta29kb2wsIEEuIEUu
PC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5HdW5kZXJzb24sIEouIEcuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5Hcmlsbywg
Qy4gTS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPk1jR2xhc2hhbiwgVC4gSC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPk1v
cmV5LCBMLiBDLjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNz
PkNvbGxhYm9yYXRpdmUgTG9uZ2l0dWRpbmFsIFBEcyBTdHVkeSAoQ0xQUyksIEJyb3duIFVuaXZl
cnNpdHkgTWVkaWNhbCBTY2hvb2wsIFVTQS4gQ3ludGhpYV9CYXR0bGVAYnJvd24uZWR1PC9hdXRo
LWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+Q2hpbGRob29kIG1hbHRyZWF0bWVudCBhc3NvY2lhdGVk
IHdpdGggYWR1bHQgcGVyc29uYWxpdHkgZGlzb3JkZXJzOiBGaW5kaW5ncyBmcm9tIHRoZSBDb2xs
YWJvcmF0aXZlIExvbmdpdHVkaW5hbCBQZXJzb25hbGl0eSBEaXNvcmRlcnMgU3R1ZHk8L3RpdGxl
PjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiBQZXJzb25hbGl0eSBEaXNvcmRlcnM8L3NlY29u
ZGFyeS10aXRsZT48YWx0LXRpdGxlPkpvdXJuYWwgb2YgcGVyc29uYWxpdHkgZGlzb3JkZXJzPC9h
bHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PHBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+SiBQZXJzIERpc29yZDwv
ZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPkpvdXJuYWwgb2YgcGVyc29uYWxpdHkgZGlzb3JkZXJzPC9hYmJy
LTE+PC9wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxhbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5KIFBlcnMgRGlzb3Jk
PC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiBwZXJzb25hbGl0eSBkaXNvcmRlcnM8L2Fi
YnItMT48L2FsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxwYWdlcz4xOTMtMjExPC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjE4PC92
b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj4yPC9udW1iZXI+PGVkaXRpb24+MjAwNC8wNi8wNTwvZWRpdGlvbj48a2V5
d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWRvbGVzY2VudDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5BZHVsdDwva2V5d29y
ZD48a2V5d29yZD5DaGlsZDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5DaGlsZCBBYnVzZS9wc3ljaG9sb2d5
LypzdGF0aXN0aWNzICZhbXA7IG51bWVyaWNhbCBkYXRhPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNoaWxk
IEFidXNlLCBTZXh1YWwvcHN5Y2hvbG9neS9zdGF0aXN0aWNzICZhbXA7IG51bWVyaWNhbCBkYXRh
PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNvbW9yYmlkaXR5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkRlcHJlc3Np
dmUgRGlzb3JkZXIvZXBpZGVtaW9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZlbWFsZTwva2V5d29y
ZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TG9naXN0aWMgTW9kZWxzPC9rZXl3
b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkxvbmdpdHVkaW5hbCBTdHVkaWVzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1hbGU8
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWlkZGxlIEFnZWQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UGVyc29uYWxp
dHkgRGlzb3JkZXJzLyplcGlkZW1pb2xvZ3kvcHN5Y2hvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5V
bml0ZWQgU3RhdGVzL2VwaWRlbWlvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdvcmRzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVh
cj4yMDA0PC95ZWFyPjxwdWItZGF0ZXM+PGRhdGU+QXByPC9kYXRlPjwvcHViLWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0
ZXM+PHB1Ymxpc2hlcj5HdWlsZm9yZCBQdWJsaWNhdGlvbnMgSW5jLjwvcHVibGlzaGVyPjxpc2Ju
PjA4ODUtNTc5WCAoUHJpbnQpJiN4RDswODg1LTU3OVggKExpbmtpbmcpPC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Np
b24tbnVtPjE1MTc2NzU3PC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx3b3JrLXR5cGU+TXVsdGljZW50ZXIgU3R1
ZHkmI3hEO1Jlc2VhcmNoIFN1cHBvcnQsIFUuUy4gR292JmFwb3M7dCwgUC5ILlMuPC93b3JrLXR5
cGU+PHVybHM+PHJlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48dXJsPmh0dHA6Ly93d3cubmNiaS5ubG0ubmloLmdvdi9w
dWJtZWQvMTUxNzY3NTc8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM+PGVsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVz
b3VyY2UtbnVtPjEwLjE1MjEvcGVkaS4xOC4yLjE5My4zMjc3NzwvZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJj
ZS1udW0+PGxhbmd1YWdlPmVuZzwvbGFuZ3VhZ2U+PGFjY2Vzcy1kYXRlPjIwMTIvMTEvMTY8L2Fj
Y2Vzcy1kYXRlPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48Q2l0ZT48QXV0aG9yPldpZG9tPC9BdXRob3I+PFll
YXI+MjAwOTwvWWVhcj48UmVjTnVtPjE0MTQyPC9SZWNOdW0+PFN1ZmZpeD4gKGluIG1hbGUgcGF0
aWVudHMgb25seSk8L1N1ZmZpeD48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjE0MTQyPC9yZWMtbnVtYmVy
Pjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0icHRwYTB2OWE3NXpmZjZlOXpwdHBk
c3J1dnZ4OXAwdHJkd2EyIj4xNDE0Mjwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1l
PSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxh
dXRob3I+V2lkb20sIEMuIFMuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5DemFqYSwgUy4gSi48L2F1dGhvcj48
YXV0aG9yPlBhcmlzLCBKLjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1h
ZGRyZXNzPkpvaG4gSmF5IENvbGxlZ2UgYW5kIEdyYWR1YXRlIENlbnRlciwgQ2l0eSBVbml2ZXJz
aXR5IG9mIE5ldyBZb3JrLCBOZXcgWW9yaywgVVNBLiBjd2lkb21AampheS5jdW55LmVkdTwvYXV0
aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPkEgcHJvc3BlY3RpdmUgaW52ZXN0aWdhdGlvbiBvZiBi
b3JkZXJsaW5lIHBlcnNvbmFsaXR5IGRpc29yZGVyIGluIGFidXNlZCBhbmQgbmVnbGVjdGVkIGNo
aWxkcmVuIGZvbGxvd2VkIHVwIGludG8gYWR1bHRob29kPC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxl
PkpvdXJuYWwgb2YgUGVyc29uYWxpdHkgRGlzb3JkZXJzPC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10
aXRsZT5Kb3VybmFsIG9mIHBlcnNvbmFsaXR5IGRpc29yZGVyczwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVz
PjxwZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkogUGVycyBEaXNvcmQ8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnIt
MT5Kb3VybmFsIG9mIHBlcnNvbmFsaXR5IGRpc29yZGVyczwvYWJici0xPjwvcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48
YWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+SiBQZXJzIERpc29yZDwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJi
ci0xPkpvdXJuYWwgb2YgcGVyc29uYWxpdHkgZGlzb3JkZXJzPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9k
aWNhbD48cGFnZXM+NDMzLTQ2PC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjIzPC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj41PC9u
dW1iZXI+PGVkaXRpb24+MjAwOS8xMC8xMzwvZWRpdGlvbj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWR1
bHQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWR1bHQgU3Vydml2b3JzIG9mIENoaWxkIEFidXNlLypwc3lj
aG9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkJvcmRlcmxpbmUgUGVyc29uYWxpdHkgRGlzb3JkZXIv
KmV0aW9sb2d5L3BzeWNob2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2hpbGQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+Q2hpbGQgQWJ1c2UvKnBzeWNob2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2hpbGQgQWJ1
c2UsIFNleHVhbC9wc3ljaG9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZhbWlseSBDaGFyYWN0ZXJp
c3RpY3M8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RmVtYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkh1bWFuczwv
a2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5MZWFzdC1TcXVhcmVzIEFuYWx5c2lzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3Jk
PkxvZ2lzdGljIE1vZGVsczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3Jk
Pk1pZGRsZSBBZ2VkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlByb3NwZWN0aXZlIFN0dWRpZXM8L2tleXdv
cmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UmlzayBGYWN0b3JzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlNleCBGYWN0b3JzPC9r
ZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPllvdW5nIEFkdWx0PC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRhdGVzPjx5
ZWFyPjIwMDk8L3llYXI+PHB1Yi1kYXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5PY3Q8L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0ZXM+PC9k
YXRlcz48aXNibj4xOTQzLTI3NjMgKEVsZWN0cm9uaWMpJiN4RDswODg1LTU3OVggKExpbmtpbmcp
PC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjE5ODE3NjI2PC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxh
dGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRwOi8vd3d3Lm5jYmkubmxtLm5paC5nb3YvcHVibWVkLzE5ODE3NjI2
PC91cmw+PC9yZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PC91cmxzPjxlbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT4xMC4x
NTIxL3BlZGkuMjAwOS4yMy41LjQzMzwvZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+PGxhbmd1YWdl
PmVuZzwvbGFuZ3VhZ2U+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjxDaXRlPjxBdXRob3I+V2luZ2VuZmVsZDwv
QXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTE8L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT4xNjQ2NDwvUmVjTnVtPjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJl
Yy1udW1iZXI+MTY0NjQ8L3JlYy1udW1iZXI+PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRi
LWlkPSJwdHBhMHY5YTc1emZmNmU5enB0cGRzcnV2dng5cDB0cmR3YTIiPjE2NDY0PC9rZXk+PC9m
b3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBl
Pjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5XaW5nZW5mZWxkLCBLLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxh
dXRob3I+U2NoYWZmcmF0aCwgQy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlJ1bGxrb2V0dGVyLCBOLjwvYXV0
aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+TWVuc2ViYWNoLCBDLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+U2NobG9zc2VyLCBOLjwv
YXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+QmVibG8sIFQuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5Ecmllc3NlbiwgTS48L2F1
dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPk1leWVyLCBCLjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48
YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPkRlcGFydG1lbnQgb2YgUHN5Y2hpYXRyeSwgQ2hhcml0ZSBVbml2ZXJzaXR5
IEJlcmxpbiwgQ2FtcHVzIEJlbmphbWluIEZyYW5rbGluLCBHZXJtYW55LjwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNz
Pjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPkFzc29jaWF0aW9ucyBvZiBjaGlsZGhvb2QgdHJhdW1hLCB0cmF1bWEg
aW4gYWR1bHRob29kIGFuZCBwcmV2aW91cy15ZWFyIHN0cmVzcyB3aXRoIHBzeWNob3BhdGhvbG9n
eSBpbiBwYXRpZW50cyB3aXRoIG1ham9yIGRlcHJlc3Npb24gYW5kIGJvcmRlcmxpbmUgcGVyc29u
YWxpdHkgZGlzb3JkZXI8L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+Q2hpbGQgQWJ1c2UgJmFtcDsg
TmVnbGVjdDwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+Q2hpbGQgYWJ1c2UgJmFtcDsgbmVn
bGVjdDwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkNoaWxkIEFi
dXNlIE5lZ2w8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5DaGlsZCBhYnVzZSAmYW1wOyBuZWdsZWN0PC9h
YmJyLTE+PC9wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxhbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5DaGlsZCBBYnVz
ZSBOZWdsPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+Q2hpbGQgYWJ1c2UgJmFtcDsgbmVnbGVjdDwvYWJi
ci0xPjwvYWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PHBhZ2VzPjY0Ny01NDwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT4zNTwvdm9s
dW1lPjxudW1iZXI+ODwvbnVtYmVyPjxlZGl0aW9uPjIwMTEvMDgvMjM8L2VkaXRpb24+PGtleXdv
cmRzPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFkb2xlc2NlbnQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWR1bHQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+
PGtleXdvcmQ+Qm9yZGVybGluZSBQZXJzb25hbGl0eSBEaXNvcmRlci9kaWFnbm9zaXMvZXBpZGVt
aW9sb2d5LypldGlvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5DaGlsZCBBYnVzZS8qcHN5Y2hvbG9n
eTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5EZXByZXNzaXZlIERpc29yZGVyLCBNYWpvci9kaWFnbm9zaXMv
ZXBpZGVtaW9sb2d5LypldGlvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5GZW1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+
PGtleXdvcmQ+R2VybWFueS9lcGlkZW1pb2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SHVtYW5zPC9r
ZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkludGVydmlldywgUHN5Y2hvbG9naWNhbDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29y
ZD5NYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1pZGRsZSBBZ2VkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlF1
ZXN0aW9ubmFpcmVzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPldvdW5kcyBhbmQgSW5qdXJpZXMvKnBzeWNo
b2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+WW91bmcgQWR1bHQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48
ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAxMTwveWVhcj48cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPkF1ZzwvZGF0ZT48L3B1Yi1k
YXRlcz48L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjE4NzMtNzc1NyAoRWxlY3Ryb25pYykmI3hEOzAxNDUtMjEzNCAo
TGlua2luZyk8L2lzYm4+PGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+MjE4NTUxNDM8L2FjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+PHVy
bHM+PHJlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48dXJsPmh0dHA6Ly93d3cubmNiaS5ubG0ubmloLmdvdi9wdWJtZWQv
MjE4NTUxNDM8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM+PGVsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2Ut
bnVtPjEwLjEwMTYvai5jaGlhYnUuMjAxMS4wNC4wMDM8L2VsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVt
PjxsYW5ndWFnZT5lbmc8L2xhbmd1YWdlPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48L0VuZE5vdGU+AG==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CYXR0bGU8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA0PC9ZZWFyPjxS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==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Battle et al., 2004; Widom et al., 2009 (in male patients only); Wingenfeld et al., 2011) yet revealed significantly increased BPD prevalence associated with emotional neglect and abuse. In three studies PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HcmF0ejwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDg8L1llYXI+PFJl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==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HcmF0ejwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDg8L1llYXI+PFJl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==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Gratz, Tull, Baruch, Bornovalova, & Lejuez, 2008; Huang et al., 2012; Machizawa-Summers, 2007), emotional neglect and abuse were significant predictors of BPD symptoms over and above all other types of abuse. In the study of Specht, Chapman, and Cellucci ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite ExcludeAuth="1"><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>16474</RecNum><DisplayText>(2009)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16474</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16474</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Specht, M. W.</author><author>Chapman, A.</author><author>Cellucci, T.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA. mspecht1@jhmi.edu</auth-address><titles><title>Schemas and borderline personality disorder symptoms in incarcerated women</title><secondary-title>Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry</secondary-title><alt-title>Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry</alt-title></titles><pages>256-64</pages><volume>40</volume><number>2</number><edition>2009/01/23</edition><keywords><keyword>Adaptation, Psychological</keyword><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Antisocial Personality Disorder/complications/psychology</keyword><keyword>Borderline Personality Disorder/complications/*psychology</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Child Abuse/psychology</keyword><keyword>Cognition Disorders/*psychology</keyword><keyword>Depressive Disorder/complications/psychology</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Models, Psychological</keyword><keyword>Personality Tests</keyword><keyword>Prisoners/*psychology</keyword><keyword>Psychiatric Status Rating Scales</keyword><keyword>Questionnaires</keyword><keyword>Regression Analysis</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2009</year><pub-dates><date>Jun</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1873-7943 (Electronic)
0005-7916 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>19159865</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;(2009), lack of emotional support was shown to be the only significant predictor of BPD symptoms. A genetic predisposition to hypermentalizeBeyond trauma, epistemic mistrust may also result from exceptionally high levels of epistemic vigilance associated with the over-interpretation of motives and may be a possible consequence of the hypermentalization that appears to characterize adolescents with BPD PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TaGFycDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTE8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TaGFycDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTE8L1llYXI+PFJl
Y051bT4xMzk2NTwvUmVjTnVtPjxEaXNwbGF5VGV4dD4oU2hhcnAgZXQgYWwuLCAyMDEzOyBTaGFy
cCBldCBhbC4sIDIwMTEpPC9EaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjEzOTY1PC9y
ZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0icHRwYTB2OWE3NXpm
ZjZlOXpwdHBkc3J1dnZ4OXAwdHJkd2EyIj4xMzk2NTwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYt
dHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxh
dXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+U2hhcnAsIEMuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5QYW5lLCBILjwvYXV0aG9y
PjxhdXRob3I+SGEsIEMuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5WZW50YSwgQS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9y
PlBhdGVsLCBBLiBCLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+U3R1cmVrLCBKLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+
Rm9uYWd5LCBQLjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNz
PkRlcGFydG1lbnQgb2YgUHN5Y2hvbG9neSwgVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBIb3VzdG9uLCBIb3VzdG9u
LCBUWCA3NzAyNCwgVVNBLiBjc2hhcnAyQHVoLmVkdTwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRp
dGxlPlRoZW9yeSBvZiBtaW5kIGFuZCBlbW90aW9uIHJlZ3VsYXRpb24gZGlmZmljdWx0aWVzIGlu
IGFkb2xlc2NlbnRzIHdpdGggYm9yZGVybGluZSB0cmFpdHM8L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0
bGU+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiB0aGUgQW1lcmljYW4gQWNhZGVteSBvZiBDaGlsZCBhbmQgQWRvbGVzY2Vu
dCBQc3ljaGlhdHJ5PC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5Kb3VybmFsIG9mIHRoZSBB
bWVyaWNhbiBBY2FkZW15IG9mIENoaWxkIGFuZCBBZG9sZXNjZW50IFBzeWNoaWF0cnk8L2FsdC10
aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGFnZXM+NTYzLTU3MzwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT41MDwvdm9sdW1lPjxu
dW1iZXI+NjwvbnVtYmVyPjxlZGl0aW9uPjIwMTEvMDUvMzE8L2VkaXRpb24+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPkFkb2xlc2NlbnQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Qm9yZGVybGluZSBQZXJzb25hbGl0
eSBEaXNvcmRlci8qZGlhZ25vc2lzL2VwaWRlbWlvbG9neS9wc3ljaG9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPkNvbW9yYmlkaXR5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkRpYWdub3N0aWMgYW5kIFN0YXRp
c3RpY2FsIE1hbnVhbCBvZiBNZW50YWwgRGlzb3JkZXJzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipFbW90
aW9uYWwgSW50ZWxsaWdlbmNlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZlbWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5
d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KkludGVybmFsLUV4dGVybmFsIENvbnRyb2w8
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SW50ZXJ2aWV3LCBQc3ljaG9sb2dpY2FsPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3
b3JkPkxpZmUgQ2hhbmdlIEV2ZW50czwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPk1lbnRhbCBEaXNvcmRlcnMvZGlhZ25vc2lzL2VwaWRlbWlvbG9neS9wc3ljaG9sb2d5
PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlBlcnNvbmFsaXR5IEFzc2Vzc21lbnQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+UGVyc29uYWxpdHkgSW52ZW50b3J5L3N0YXRpc3RpY3MgJmFtcDsgbnVtZXJpY2FsIGRhdGE8
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UHN5Y2hvbWV0cmljczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5SZXNpZGVu
dGlhbCBUcmVhdG1lbnQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U3Vic3RhbmNlLVJlbGF0ZWQgRGlzb3Jk
ZXJzL2RpYWdub3Npcy9lcGlkZW1pb2xvZ3kvcHN5Y2hvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4q
VGhlb3J5IG9mIE1pbmQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAxMTwveWVh
cj48cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPkp1bjwvZGF0ZT48L3B1Yi1kYXRlcz48L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjE1
MjctNTQxOCAoRWxlY3Ryb25pYykmI3hEOzA4OTAtODU2NyAoTGlua2luZyk8L2lzYm4+PGFjY2Vz
c2lvbi1udW0+MjE2MjExNDA8L2FjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+PHdvcmstdHlwZT5SZXNlYXJjaCBTdXBw
b3J0LCBOLkkuSC4sIEV4dHJhbXVyYWwmI3hEO1Jlc2VhcmNoIFN1cHBvcnQsIE5vbi1VLlMuIEdv
diZhcG9zO3Q8L3dvcmstdHlwZT48dXJscz48cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0cDovL3d3dy5u
Y2JpLm5sbS5uaWguZ292L3B1Ym1lZC8yMTYyMTE0MDwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJs
cz48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAuMTAxNi9qLmphYWMuMjAxMS4wMS4wMTc8L2Vs
ZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjxsYW5ndWFnZT5lbmc8L2xhbmd1YWdlPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwv
Q2l0ZT48Q2l0ZT48QXV0aG9yPlNoYXJwPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMzwvWWVhcj48UmVjTnVt
PjE2NjcwPC9SZWNOdW0+PHJlY29yZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj4xNjY3MDwvcmVjLW51bWJlcj48Zm9y
ZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9InB0cGEwdjlhNzV6ZmY2ZTl6cHRwZHNydXZ2
eDlwMHRyZHdhMiI+MTY2NzA8L2tleT48L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91
cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9y
PlNoYXJwLCBDLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+SGEsIEMuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5DYXJib25l
LCBDLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+S2ltLCBTLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+UGVycnksIEsuPC9h
dXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5XaWxsaWFtcywgTC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkZvbmFneSwgUC48L2F1
dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5EZXBhcnRtZW50IG9m
IFBzeWNob2xvZ3ksIFVuaXZlcnNpdHkgb2YgSG91c3RvbiwgMTI2IEhleW5lIEJ1aWxkaW5nLCBI
b3VzdG9uLCBUWCA3NzIwNCwgVVNBLiBjc2hhcnAyQHVoLmVkdTwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRs
ZXM+PHRpdGxlPkh5cGVybWVudGFsaXppbmcgaW4gYWRvbGVzY2VudCBpbnBhdGllbnRzOiBUcmVh
dG1lbnQgZWZmZWN0cyBhbmQgYXNzb2NpYXRpb24gd2l0aCBib3JkZXJsaW5lIHRyYWl0czwvdGl0
bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5Kb3VybmFsIG9mIFBlcnNvbmFsaXR5IERpc29yZGVyczwvc2Vj
b25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiBwZXJzb25hbGl0eSBkaXNvcmRlcnM8
L2FsdC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5KIFBlcnMgRGlzb3Jk
PC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiBwZXJzb25hbGl0eSBkaXNvcmRlcnM8L2Fi
YnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkogUGVycyBEaXNv
cmQ8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5Kb3VybmFsIG9mIHBlcnNvbmFsaXR5IGRpc29yZGVyczwv
YWJici0xPjwvYWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PHBhZ2VzPjMtMTg8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+Mjc8L3Zv
bHVtZT48bnVtYmVyPjE8L251bWJlcj48ZWRpdGlvbj4yMDEzLzAxLzI1PC9lZGl0aW9uPjxrZXl3
b3Jkcz48a2V5d29yZD5BZG9sZXNjZW50PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkJvcmRlcmxpbmUgUGVy
c29uYWxpdHkgRGlzb3JkZXIvZGlhZ25vc2lzLypwc3ljaG9sb2d5L3RoZXJhcHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+
PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2hpbGQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RGlhZ25vc3RpYyBhbmQgU3RhdGlzdGlj
YWwgTWFudWFsIG9mIE1lbnRhbCBEaXNvcmRlcnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RW1wYXRoeTwv
a2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5GZW1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SG9zcGl0YWxpemF0aW9u
PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkh1bWFuczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5JbnBhdGllbnRzL3Bz
eWNob2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SW50ZXJ2aWV3LCBQc3ljaG9sb2dpY2FsPC9rZXl3
b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U29jaWFsIEJlaGF2aW9yPC9rZXl3
b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipUaGVvcnkgb2YgTWluZDwva2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdvcmRzPjxkYXRlcz48
eWVhcj4yMDEzPC95ZWFyPjxwdWItZGF0ZXM+PGRhdGU+RmViPC9kYXRlPjwvcHViLWRhdGVzPjwv
ZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MTk0My0yNzYzIChFbGVjdHJvbmljKSYjeEQ7MDg4NS01NzlYIChMaW5raW5n
KTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT4yMzM0Mjk1NDwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48cmVs
YXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0cDovL3d3dy5uY2JpLm5sbS5uaWguZ292L3B1Ym1lZC8yMzM0Mjk1
NDwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAu
MTUyMS9wZWRpLjIwMTMuMjcuMS4zPC9lbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT48bGFuZ3VhZ2U+
ZW5nPC9sYW5ndWFnZT48L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PC9FbmROb3RlPn==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Sharp et al., 2013; Sharp et al., 2011). An enhanced ability to detect negative emotions PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TY290dDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTE8L1llYXI+PFJl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 EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TY290dDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTE8L1llYXI+PFJl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 EN.CITE.DATA (Daros, Uliaszek, & Ruocco, 2014; Scott, Levy, Adams, & Stevenson, 2011) may be explained by the tendency to hypermentalize, which may be a genetic predisposition rather than environmentally triggered. In such instances the addressee assumes that the communicator’s intentions are other than those declared, and therefore does not treat the source deferentially. A number of empirical studies have indicated the likelihood of patients with BPD misattributing mental states PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Vbm9rYTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTE8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Vbm9rYTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTE8L1llYXI+PFJl
Y051bT4xNzIxMDwvUmVjTnVtPjxEaXNwbGF5VGV4dD4oRGFyb3MgZXQgYWwuLCAyMDE0OyBNYXR6
a2UsIEhlcnBlcnR6LCBCZXJnZXIsIEZsZWlzY2hlciwgJmFtcDsgRG9tZXMsIDIwMTQ7IFVub2th
LCBGb2dkLCBGdXp5LCAmYW1wOyBDc3VrbHksIDIwMTE7IHZhbiBkZW4gSGV1dmVsLCBEZXJrc2Vu
LCBFbGluZywgJmFtcDsgdmFuIGRlciBTdGFhaywgMjAxMik8L0Rpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxyZWNvcmQ+
PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MTcyMTA8L3JlYy1udW1iZXI+PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4i
IGRiLWlkPSJwdHBhMHY5YTc1emZmNmU5enB0cGRzcnV2dng5cDB0cmR3YTIiPjE3MjEwPC9rZXk+
PC9mb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10
eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5Vbm9rYSwgWi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0
aG9yPkZvZ2QsIEQuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5GdXp5LCBNLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+Q3N1
a2x5LCBHLjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPkRl
cGFydG1lbnQgb2YgUHN5Y2hpYXRyeSBhbmQgUHN5Y2hvdGhlcmFweSwgU2VtbWVsd2VpcyBVbml2
ZXJzaXR5LCBCdWRhcGVzdCwgSHVuZ2FyeS4gdW5va2FAcHN5Y2guc290ZS5odTwvYXV0aC1hZGRy
ZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPk1pc3JlYWRpbmcgdGhlIGZhY2lhbCBzaWduczogU3BlY2lmaWMg
aW1wYWlybWVudHMgYW5kIGVycm9yIHBhdHRlcm5zIGluIHJlY29nbml0aW9uIG9mIGZhY2lhbCBl
bW90aW9ucyB3aXRoIG5lZ2F0aXZlIHZhbGVuY2UgaW4gYm9yZGVybGluZSBwZXJzb25hbGl0eSBk
aXNvcmRlcjwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5Qc3ljaGlhdHJ5IFJlc2VhcmNoPC9zZWNv
bmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5Qc3ljaGlhdHJ5IHJlc2VhcmNoPC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90
aXRsZXM+PHBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+UHN5Y2hpYXRyeSBSZXM8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+
PGFiYnItMT5Qc3ljaGlhdHJ5IHJlc2VhcmNoPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxhbHQtcGVy
aW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5Qc3ljaGlhdHJ5IFJlczwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPlBz
eWNoaWF0cnkgcmVzZWFyY2g8L2FiYnItMT48L2FsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxwYWdlcz40MTktMjU8
L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+MTg5PC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj4zPC9udW1iZXI+PGVkaXRpb24+MjAx
MS8wMy8yNTwvZWRpdGlvbj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWR1bHQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+Qm9yZGVybGluZSBQZXJzb25hbGl0eSBEaXNvcmRlci9kaWFnbm9zaXMvKnBoeXNpb3BhdGhv
bG9neS8qcHN5Y2hvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5DYXNlLUNvbnRyb2wgU3R1ZGllczwv
a2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5DaGktU3F1YXJlIERpc3RyaWJ1dGlvbjwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29y
ZD5FbW90aW9ucy8qcGh5c2lvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qRmFjaWFsIEV4cHJlc3Np
b248L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RmVtYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkh1bWFuczwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk5ldXJvcHN5Y2hvbG9naWNhbCBU
ZXN0czwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5QYXR0ZXJuIFJlY29nbml0aW9uLCBWaXN1YWwvKnBoeXNp
b2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UGhvdGljIFN0aW11bGF0aW9uPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3
b3JkPlBzeWNoaWF0cmljIFN0YXR1cyBSYXRpbmcgU2NhbGVzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipS
ZWNvZ25pdGlvbiAoUHN5Y2hvbG9neSk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+WW91bmcgQWR1bHQ8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAxMTwveWVhcj48cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRl
Pk9jdCAzMDwvZGF0ZT48L3B1Yi1kYXRlcz48L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjAxNjUtMTc4MSAoUHJpbnQp
JiN4RDswMTY1LTE3ODEgKExpbmtpbmcpPC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjIxNDI5NTkzPC9h
Y2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRwOi8vd3d3Lm5jYmkubmxt
Lm5paC5nb3YvcHVibWVkLzIxNDI5NTkzPC91cmw+PC9yZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PC91cmxzPjxlbGVj
dHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT4xMC4xMDE2L2oucHN5Y2hyZXMuMjAxMS4wMi4wMTA8L2VsZWN0
cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjxsYW5ndWFnZT5lbmc8L2xhbmd1YWdlPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0
ZT48Q2l0ZT48QXV0aG9yPkRhcm9zPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxNDwvWWVhcj48UmVjTnVtPjE3
MjA5PC9SZWNOdW0+PHJlY29yZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj4xNzIwOTwvcmVjLW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWln
bi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9InB0cGEwdjlhNzV6ZmY2ZTl6cHRwZHNydXZ2eDlw
MHRyZHdhMiI+MTcyMDk8L2tleT48L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5h
bCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPkRh
cm9zLCBBLiBSLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+VWxpYXN6ZWssIEEuIEEuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhv
cj5SdW9jY28sIEEuIEMuPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFk
ZHJlc3M+RGVwYXJ0bWVudCBvZiBQc3ljaG9sb2d5LCBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIFRvcm9udG8gU2Nh
cmJvcm91Z2guPC9hdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+UGVyY2VwdHVhbCBiaWFzZXMg
aW4gZmFjaWFsIGVtb3Rpb24gcmVjb2duaXRpb24gaW4gYm9yZGVybGluZSBwZXJzb25hbGl0eSBk
aXNvcmRlcjwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5QZXJzb25hbGl0eSBEaXNvcmRlcnM8L3Nl
Y29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48YWx0LXRpdGxlPlBlcnNvbmFsaXR5IGRpc29yZGVyczwvYWx0LXRpdGxl
PjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPlBlcnNvbmFsIERpc29yZDwvZnVsbC10
aXRsZT48YWJici0xPlBlcnNvbmFsaXR5IGRpc29yZGVyczwvYWJici0xPjwvcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48
YWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+UGVyc29uYWwgRGlzb3JkPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxh
YmJyLTE+UGVyc29uYWxpdHkgZGlzb3JkZXJzPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48cGFn
ZXM+NzktODc8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+NTwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+MTwvbnVtYmVyPjxlZGl0
aW9uPjIwMTQvMDMvMDU8L2VkaXRpb24+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMTQ8L3llYXI+PHB1Yi1kYXRl
cz48ZGF0ZT5KYW48L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4xOTQ5LTI3MjMgKEVs
ZWN0cm9uaWMpPC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjI0NTg4MDY0PC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx3
b3JrLXR5cGU+UmVzZWFyY2ggU3VwcG9ydCwgTm9uLVUuUy4gR292JmFwb3M7dDwvd29yay10eXBl
Pjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRwOi8vd3d3Lm5jYmkubmxtLm5paC5nb3YvcHVi
bWVkLzI0NTg4MDY0PC91cmw+PC9yZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PC91cmxzPjxlbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291
cmNlLW51bT4xMC4xMDM3L3BlcjAwMDAwNTY8L2VsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjxsYW5n
dWFnZT5lbmc8L2xhbmd1YWdlPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48Q2l0ZT48QXV0aG9yPnZhbiBkZW4g
SGV1dmVsPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48UmVjTnVtPjE3MjExPC9SZWNOdW0+PHJl
Y29yZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj4xNzIxMTwvcmVjLW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBw
PSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9InB0cGEwdjlhNzV6ZmY2ZTl6cHRwZHNydXZ2eDlwMHRyZHdhMiI+MTcyMTE8
L2tleT48L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwv
cmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPnZhbiBkZW4gSGV1dmVsLCBU
LiBKLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+RGVya3NlbiwgSi4gSi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkVsaW5n
LCBQLiBBLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+dmFuIGRlciBTdGFhaywgQy4gUC48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1
dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5EZXBhcnRtZW50IG9mIFBzeWNoaWF0
cnksIFJhZGJvdWQgVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBOaWptZWdlbiBNZWRpY2FsIENlbnRyZSwgTmlqbWVnZW4s
IFRoZSBOZXRoZXJsYW5kcy4gdC52YW5kZW5oZXV2ZWxAcHN5LnVtY24ubmw8L2F1dGgtYWRkcmVz
cz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5BbiBpbnZlc3RpZ2F0aW9uIG9mIGRpZmZlcmVudCBhc3BlY3RzIG9m
IG92ZXJnZW5lcmFsaXphdGlvbiBpbiBwYXRpZW50cyB3aXRoIG1ham9yIGRlcHJlc3NpdmUgZGlz
b3JkZXIgYW5kIGJvcmRlcmxpbmUgcGVyc29uYWxpdHkgZGlzb3JkZXI8L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRh
cnktdGl0bGU+QnJpdGlzaCBKb3VybmFsIG9mIENsaW5pY2FsIFBzeWNob2xvZ3k8L3NlY29uZGFy
eS10aXRsZT48YWx0LXRpdGxlPlRoZSBCcml0aXNoIGpvdXJuYWwgb2YgY2xpbmljYWwgcHN5Y2hv
bG9neSAvIHRoZSBCcml0aXNoIFBzeWNob2xvZ2ljYWwgU29jaWV0eTwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0
bGVzPjxhbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5CciBKIENsaW4gUHN5Y2hvbDwvZnVsbC10
aXRsZT48YWJici0xPlRoZSBCcml0aXNoIGpvdXJuYWwgb2YgY2xpbmljYWwgcHN5Y2hvbG9neSAv
IHRoZSBCcml0aXNoIFBzeWNob2xvZ2ljYWwgU29jaWV0eTwvYWJici0xPjwvYWx0LXBlcmlvZGlj
YWw+PHBhZ2VzPjM3Ni05NTwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT41MTwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+NDwvbnVt
YmVyPjxlZGl0aW9uPjIwMTIvMTAvMjA8L2VkaXRpb24+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFkb2xl
c2NlbnQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWR1bHQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Qm9yZGVybGlu
ZSBQZXJzb25hbGl0eSBEaXNvcmRlci9waHlzaW9wYXRob2xvZ3kvKnBzeWNob2xvZ3k8L2tleXdv
cmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2FzZS1Db250cm9sIFN0dWRpZXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RGVwcmVz
c2l2ZSBEaXNvcmRlciwgTWFqb3IvcGh5c2lvcGF0aG9sb2d5Lypwc3ljaG9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3Jk
PjxrZXl3b3JkPkZlbWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qR2VuZXJhbGl6YXRpb24gKFBzeWNo
b2xvZ3kpPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkh1bWFuczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NYWxlPC9r
ZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1pZGRsZSBBZ2VkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlNlbGYgQ29uY2Vw
dDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Tb2NpYWwgUGVyY2VwdGlvbjwva2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdvcmRz
PjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDEyPC95ZWFyPjxwdWItZGF0ZXM+PGRhdGU+Tm92PC9kYXRlPjwvcHVi
LWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MDE0NC02NjU3IChQcmludCkmI3hEOzAxNDQtNjY1NyAoTGlu
a2luZyk8L2lzYm4+PGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+MjMwNzgyMDk8L2FjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+PHdvcmst
dHlwZT5SZXNlYXJjaCBTdXBwb3J0LCBOb24tVS5TLiBHb3YmYXBvczt0PC93b3JrLXR5cGU+PHVy
bHM+PHJlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48dXJsPmh0dHA6Ly93d3cubmNiaS5ubG0ubmloLmdvdi9wdWJtZWQv
MjMwNzgyMDk8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM+PGVsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2Ut
bnVtPjEwLjExMTEvai4yMDQ0LTgyNjAuMjAxMi4wMjAzNC54PC9lbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNl
LW51bT48bGFuZ3VhZ2U+ZW5nPC9sYW5ndWFnZT48L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhv
cj5NYXR6a2U8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE0PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNOdW0+MTY3NDE8L1JlY051bT48
cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjE2NzQxPC9yZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBh
cHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0icHRwYTB2OWE3NXpmZjZlOXpwdHBkc3J1dnZ4OXAwdHJkd2EyIj4xNjc0
MTwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3
PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+TWF0emtlLCBCLjwvYXV0
aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+SGVycGVydHosIFMuIEMuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5CZXJnZXIsIEMuPC9h
dXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5GbGVpc2NoZXIsIE0uPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5Eb21lcywgRy48L2F1
dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5EZXBhcnRtZW50IG9m
IEdlbmVyYWwgUHN5Y2hpYXRyeSwgVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBIZWlkZWxiZXJnLCBIZWlkZWxiZXJn
LCBHZXJtYW55LjwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPkZhY2lhbCByZWFjdGlvbnMg
ZHVyaW5nIGVtb3Rpb24gcmVjb2duaXRpb24gaW4gYm9yZGVybGluZSBwZXJzb25hbGl0eSBkaXNv
cmRlcjogQSBmYWNpYWwgZWxlY3Ryb215b2dyYXBoeSBzdHVkeTwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10
aXRsZT5Qc3ljaG9wYXRob2xvZ3k8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48YWx0LXRpdGxlPlBzeWNob3Bh
dGhvbG9neTwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwYWdlcz4xMDEtMTA8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+
NDc8L3ZvbHVtZT48bnVtYmVyPjI8L251bWJlcj48ZWRpdGlvbj4yMDEzLzA5LzEyPC9lZGl0aW9u
PjxrZXl3b3Jkcz48a2V5d29yZD5BZHVsdDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Bbmdlcjwva2V5d29y
ZD48a2V5d29yZD5Cb3JkZXJsaW5lIFBlcnNvbmFsaXR5IERpc29yZGVyLypwaHlzaW9wYXRob2xv
Z3kvKnBzeWNob2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2FzZS1Db250cm9sIFN0dWRpZXM8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KkVsZWN0cm9teW9ncmFwaHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KkVtb3Rp
b25zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkVtcGF0aHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KkZhY2lhbCBF
eHByZXNzaW9uPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZhY2lhbCBNdXNjbGVzLypwaHlzaW9wYXRob2xv
Z3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RmVtYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkdlcm1hbnk8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SHVtYW5zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipJbnRlcnBlcnNvbmFsIFJl
bGF0aW9uczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5OZXVyb3BzeWNob2xvZ2ljYWwgVGVzdHM8L2tleXdv
cmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UmVjb2duaXRpb24gKFBzeWNob2xvZ3kpPC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+
PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMTQ8L3llYXI+PHB1Yi1kYXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5TZXAgNzwvZGF0ZT48L3B1
Yi1kYXRlcz48L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjE0MjMtMDMzWCAoRWxlY3Ryb25pYykmI3hEOzAyNTQtNDk2
MiAoTGlua2luZyk8L2lzYm4+PGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+MjQwMjE3MDE8L2FjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+
PHVybHM+PHJlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48dXJsPmh0dHA6Ly93d3cubmNiaS5ubG0ubmloLmdvdi9wdWJt
ZWQvMjQwMjE3MDE8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM+PGVsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3Vy
Y2UtbnVtPjEwLjExNTkvMDAwMzUxMTIyPC9lbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT48bGFuZ3Vh
Z2U+ZW5nPC9sYW5ndWFnZT48L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PC9FbmROb3RlPgB=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Daros et al., 2014; Matzke, Herpertz, Berger, Fleischer, & Domes, 2014; Unoka, Fogd, Fuzy, & Csukly, 2011; van den Heuvel, Derksen, Eling, & van der Staak, 2012). Mostly, findings are consistent with the assumption of common misattribution of intention and seeing the reasons for someone’s actions as more likely to be malevolent and therefore—appropriately—treated with epistemic hypervigilance. The most important consequence of this for our argument is that the regular process of modifying stable beliefs about the world (and oneself in relation to others) is unavailable. In the absence of epistemic trust, the loss of the capacity for updating social knowledge generates an apparent rigidity. Of course, the tendency to misattribute intentions and assume others’ communicative intentions are fundamentally malevolent is an aspect of paranoia, which is common across a range of personality disorder diagnoses ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Beck</Author><Year>2004</Year><RecNum>16843</RecNum><DisplayText>(Beck et al., 2004; Blatt, 2008)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16843</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16843</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Beck, A. T.</author><author>Freeman, A.</author><author>Davis, D. D.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Cognitive therapy of personality disorders</title></titles><dates><year>2004</year></dates><pub-location>New York, NY</pub-location><publisher>Guilford Press</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Blatt</Author><Year>2008</Year><RecNum>12753</RecNum><record><rec-number>12753</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">12753</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Blatt, S.J.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Polarities of experience: Relatedness and self definition in personality development, psychopathology, and the therapeutic process.</title></titles><dates><year>2008</year></dates><pub-location>Washington, DC</pub-location><publisher>American Psychological Association</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Beck et al., 2004; Blatt, 2008). While epistemic vigilance is explicit in paranoia, it is an appropriate and natural stance on all our parts and probably should not be considered the “marked” pole of this vector. Epistemic trust is probably the more evolutionarily unusual stance and may require a fair dose of neurochemical facilitation (oxytocin and dopamine) to become active ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Bartz</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>15148</RecNum><DisplayText>(Bartz, Zaki, Bolger, & Ochsner, 2011)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>15148</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">15148</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Bartz, J. A.</author><author>Zaki, J.</author><author>Bolger, N.</author><author>Ochsner, K. N.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Seaver Autism Center, Department of Psychiatry, New York, New York, 10029, USA. jennifer.bartz@mssm.edu</auth-address><titles><title>Social effects of oxytocin in humans: Context and person matter</title><secondary-title>Trends in Cognitive Science</secondary-title><alt-title>Trends in cognitive sciences</alt-title></titles><pages>301-9</pages><volume>15</volume><number>7</number><edition>2011/06/24</edition><keywords><keyword>Animals</keyword><keyword>Brain/*drug effects/*metabolism</keyword><keyword>Cognition Disorders/drug therapy</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>*Oxytocin/metabolism/pharmacology/therapeutic use</keyword><keyword>*Social Behavior</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Jul</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1879-307X (Electronic)
1364-6613 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>21696997</accession-num><work-type>Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>;(Bartz, Zaki, Bolger, & Ochsner, 2011). But this is a tangential debate. The fundamental point here is that in some individuals, perhaps due to a biological predisposition to hypermentalize or adverse learning experiences or both, the primary avenue for modifying stable beliefs about the world has been closed. Thus, on the basis of extant data we feel that a lack of trust in communication on the part of patients with BPD is understandable and is in accordance with the principles of theoretical rationality. BPD should not then be seen as anything other than a failure of relationships. Epistemic mistrust in the clinical context Clinicians ignore epistemic mistrust at their peril. The rigidity is in the eyes of the communicator who, in accordance with the principles of theoretical rationality, expects the person to modify their behavior on the basis of the information they have received and apparently understood. But in the absence of trust the capacity for change is absent. The information presented by the communicator is not used to update the individual’s social understanding. In terms of the ToNP, the person has (temporarily) lost the capacity for learning. From a therapist’s standpoint, he/she has become “hard to reach” and interpersonally inaccessible. An individual in a state of epistemic mistrust (or at an extreme, epistemic petrification) cannot change through interpersonal experience. A basic route for acquiring culturally relevant knowledge is functioning in only a limited way. They cannot change because they cannot accept that the information they receive is from a ‘trustworthy source’ and therefor e it is not experienced as relevant to them and that it can usefully be generalized to other social contexts. It is received episodically and can be remembered as something that happened as part of the process of autobiographical recall. But it is not incorporated into the procedural and semantic systems that govern an individual’s behavior across social situations. Epistemic mistrust is not a lack of interest. On the contrary, we may anticipate epistemic “hunger” (an urgent need to seek validation of one’s own experience) to be combined with mistrust if an individual experiences uncertainty in relation to his/her personal experience. BPD, then, is conceived by us as a failure of communication. It is not a failure of the individual patient, but a failure of learning relationships (the patient is not “hard to reach”, but we find it hard to reach him/her). From the patients’ perspective, their situation is associated with an unbearable sense of isolation generated by epistemic mistrust. Our inability to communicate with patients causes frustration in us and a tendency to blame them for our failure to communicate. We, as clinicians, feel they are not listening to us. But it may be more productive for us to think that they find it hard to trust the truth and relevance of what they hear. To put it bluntly, we are suggesting that BPD is not a disorder of personality, unless “personality” is being used as a synonym for “slow changing”. Rather, BPD describes a state of social inaccessibility. It can be conceived of as a temporary state of incompatibility with a grand evolutionary design of intra-cultural communication in which we all play a part. It describes a state of isolation from communication with one’s partner, one’s therapist, one’s teacher, all created by epistemic mistrust. Implications for TreatmentThe Therapeutic Alliance and MentalizingThe arguments advanced above lead us to consider a common factors approach to psychotherapy, at least with individuals with BPD. Eight different therapies for BPD have been shown to be effective in randomized controlled trials ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Leichsenring</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>14151</RecNum><DisplayText>(Leichsenring, Leibing, Kruse, New, & Leweke, 2011)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>14151</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">14151</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Leichsenring, F.</author><author>Leibing, E.</author><author>Kruse, J.</author><author>New, A. S.</author><author>Leweke, F.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Giessen, Germany. falk.leichsenring@psycho.med.uni-giessen.de</auth-address><titles><title>Borderline personality disorder</title><secondary-title>Lancet</secondary-title><alt-title>Lancet</alt-title></titles><pages>74-84</pages><volume>377</volume><number>9759</number><edition>2011/01/05</edition><keywords><keyword>*Borderline Personality Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology/therapy</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Jan 1</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>21195251</accession-num><work-type>Review</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>(10)61422-5</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>(Leichsenring, Leibing, Kruse, New, & Leweke, 2011). We can legitimately ask whether these therapies work for the reasons the developers suggested. The argument has raged for many years if the “Dodo-Bird verdict” on the effectiveness of psychological therapies could not be most parsimoniously accounted for by contemplating a limited number of nonspecific factors common to all therapies and necessary for bringing about change PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NYW5zZWxsPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMTwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NYW5zZWxsPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMTwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (e.g., Budd & Hughes, 2009; Mansell, 2011). If there are only a limited number of treatment mechanisms that account for the success of psychological therapies, what are these? In general, researchers have focused on three common factors PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DYXN0b25ndWF5PC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMTwvWWVh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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DYXN0b25ndWF5PC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMTwvWWVh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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Castonguay, 2011; Wampold et al., 2011): (1) the centrality of the therapeutic relationship, including the establishment of a strong working alliance, the therapist’s attitude of caring, and the agreement between patient and therapist on treatment roles; (2) a clear and credible treatment frame that promotes a sense that the therapeutic environment is safe and structured, and has clear principles for addressing dimensions of personality pathology; and (3) an intervention that increases the patient’s sense of competence, agentiveness, and self-efficacy. It is of some interest to note that the paradigmatic common factor, the centrality of the therapeutic relationship, has key components that include the therapist’s capacity for understanding, the patient feeling supported and cared about, and the establishment of a commonly adopted set of treatment goals, alongside an idea that the alliance is based on a high-quality working relationship. Two recent studies have temporarily put paid to the controversy about whether symptomatic improvement is a cause or consequence of a strong therapeutic alliance PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5GYWxrZW5zdHJvbTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTM8L1ll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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5GYWxrZW5zdHJvbTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTM8L1ll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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Falkenstrom, Granstrom, & Holmqvist, 2013; Tasca & Lampard, 2012). The recurrent objection to ascribing a causal role to the therapeutic relationship in the process of change has been the potential for symptomatic change to improve the treatment alliance PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CYWxkd2luPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNzwvWWVhcj48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==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CYWxkd2luPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNzwvWWVhcj48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==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Baldwin, Wampold, & Imel, 2007; Kazdin, 2009). Using session-by-session monitoring, both these studies found evidence that the therapeutic alliance by and large precedes symptomatic improvement. But why should therapeutic alliance bring symptomatic relief? The treatment alliance literature defines the location of part of the change process but fails to specify the mechanism. Improvement seems to occur between the end of one session and the beginning of the next. Do patients somehow anticipate that they are going to improve and feel good about the relationship in anticipation? Is it to do with the attachment system, but if so, through what process? Mentalizing in the Mediation of the Effectiveness of Psychotherapy Mentalizing as a common factor in psychotherapyWe have previously proposed that mentalizing could provide an integrative framework bringing together brain and mind within a singular discourse and that a range of therapeutic modalities could be conceptualized in terms of mentalizing ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Bateman</Author><Year>2004</Year><RecNum>10916</RecNum><DisplayText>(Bateman & Fonagy, 2004)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>10916</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">10916</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Bateman, A. W.</author><author>Fonagy, P.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Hallickwick Day Unit, St. Ann's Hospital, London. anthony@</auth-address><titles><title>Mentalization-based treatment of BPD</title><secondary-title>Journal of Personality Disorders</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Pers Disord</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of personality disorders</abbr-1></periodical><pages>36-51</pages><volume>18</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>Borderline Personality Disorder/*therapy</keyword><keyword>Clinical Trials</keyword><keyword>Cognition</keyword><keyword>Human</keyword><keyword>*Mental Processes</keyword><keyword>Professional-Patient Relations</keyword><keyword>Psychoanalytic Therapy/methods</keyword><keyword>Psychotherapy/*methods</keyword><keyword>Research Design</keyword><keyword>*Self Concept</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2004</year><pub-dates><date>Feb</date></pub-dates></dates><accession-num>15061343</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;(Bateman & Fonagy, 2004). Goodman ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite ExcludeAuth="1"><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>16831</RecNum><DisplayText>(2013)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16831</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16831</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Goodman, G.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Is mentalization a common process factor in transference-focused psychotherapy and dialectical behavior therapy sessions?</title><secondary-title>Journal of Psychotherapy Integration</secondary-title></titles><pages>179-192</pages><volume>23</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2013</year></dates><isbn>1573-3696
1053-0479</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1037/a0032354</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>(2013) wrote: “Bateman and Fonagy [2004] hypothesize that enhancing mentalization is the common process factor inherent to all treatment models designed to treat BPD patients” (p. 179). To be fair, we have suggested “the potential effectiveness of all treatments depends not so much on their frame but on their ability to increase a patient’s capacity to mentalize” ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Bateman</Author><Year>2004</Year><RecNum>10916</RecNum><Suffix>`, p. 46</Suffix><DisplayText>(Bateman & Fonagy, 2004, p. 46)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>10916</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">10916</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Bateman, A. W.</author><author>Fonagy, P.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Hallickwick Day Unit, St. Ann's Hospital, London. anthony@</auth-address><titles><title>Mentalization-based treatment of BPD</title><secondary-title>Journal of Personality Disorders</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Pers Disord</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of personality disorders</abbr-1></periodical><pages>36-51</pages><volume>18</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>Borderline Personality Disorder/*therapy</keyword><keyword>Clinical Trials</keyword><keyword>Cognition</keyword><keyword>Human</keyword><keyword>*Mental Processes</keyword><keyword>Professional-Patient Relations</keyword><keyword>Psychoanalytic Therapy/methods</keyword><keyword>Psychotherapy/*methods</keyword><keyword>Research Design</keyword><keyword>*Self Concept</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2004</year><pub-dates><date>Feb</date></pub-dates></dates><accession-num>15061343</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;(Bateman & Fonagy, 2004, p. 46). In an intriguing and unique study, Goldman and Gregory ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite ExcludeAuth="1"><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>16830</RecNum><DisplayText>(2010)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16830</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16830</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Goldman, G. A.</author><author>Gregory, R. J.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>West County Psychological Associates, 12125 Woodcrest Executive Drive, Suite 110, St. Louis, Mo 63141, USA. greggoldman@</auth-address><titles><title>Relationships between techniques and outcomes for borderline personality disorder</title><secondary-title>American Journal of Psychotherapy</secondary-title><alt-title>American journal of psychotherapy</alt-title></titles><pages>359-71</pages><volume>64</volume><number>4</number><edition>2011/02/09</edition><keywords><keyword>Borderline Personality Disorder/diagnosis/psychology/*therapy</keyword><keyword>Comorbidity</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Interpersonal Relations</keyword><keyword>*Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)</keyword><keyword>Psychoanalytic Theory</keyword><keyword>Psychoanalytic Therapy/*methods</keyword><keyword>Psychopathology</keyword><keyword>Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</keyword><keyword>Video Recording</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2010</year></dates><isbn>0002-9564 (Print)
0002-9564 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>21299173</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>;(2010) demonstrated that the therapeutic process of identifying, acknowledging, and sequencing emotional experiences correlated highly with the reduction of BPD symptoms in outpatients. This is in line with Fonagy and Bateman’s ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Fonagy</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>10689</RecNum><DisplayText>(Fonagy & Bateman, 2006)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>10689</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">10689</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Fonagy, P.</author><author>Bateman, A. W.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Sub-Department of Clinical Health Psychology, University College London, UK. p.fonagy@ucl.ac.uk</auth-address><titles><title>Mechanisms of change in mentalization-based treatment of BPD</title><secondary-title>Journal of Clinical Psychology</secondary-title><alt-title>Journal of clinical psychology</alt-title></titles><pages>411-30</pages><volume>62</volume><number>4</number><edition>2006/02/14</edition><keywords><keyword>Borderline Personality Disorder/*psychology/*therapy</keyword><keyword>*Cognition</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Object Attachment</keyword><keyword>Psychological Theory</keyword><keyword>Psychotherapy/*methods</keyword><keyword>Reward</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2006</year><pub-dates><date>Apr</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0021-9762 (Print)
0021-9762 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>16470710</accession-num><work-type>Review</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>;(Fonagy & Bateman, 2006) suggestion that the crux of the value of psychotherapy with BPD is the experience of another human being having the patient’s mind in mind, and that therapy works by reviving the patient’s capacity to interpret behavior as motivated by mental states, both in themselves and in others. In a study using the Psychotherapy Process Q-set PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BYmxvbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDI8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BYmxvbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDI8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Ablon & Jones, 2002), Goodman ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite ExcludeAuth="1"><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>16831</RecNum><DisplayText>(2013)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16831</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16831</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Goodman, G.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Is mentalization a common process factor in transference-focused psychotherapy and dialectical behavior therapy sessions?</title><secondary-title>Journal of Psychotherapy Integration</secondary-title></titles><pages>179-192</pages><volume>23</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2013</year></dates><isbn>1573-3696
1053-0479</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1037/a0032354</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>(2013) showed that the prototypes for Transference-Focused Psychotherapy (TFP) correlated with the psychodynamic psychotherapy prototype; the prototype for Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) correlated with the CBT prototype, and an MBT (reflective functioning process) prototype loaded on both TFP and DBT prototypes. Notably, the TFP prototype contained mentalizing items focused on the patient’s mentalization of the therapist or other relationships, whilst the mentalizing elements of the DBT prototype focused on the patients’ mentalization of themselves, perhaps in line with DBT’s use of mindfulness practice. Goodman argues that the reflective functioning process prototype encompasses the assertion that enhancing mentalization is central to therapy with BPD patients and may unify effective approaches. While reinterpreting and identifying the same mentalizing process in all treatment approaches may bring narcissistic gratification, it brings little or nothing to the therapist’s table in terms of genuine food for clinical thought. As with the therapeutic alliance literature, what is needed is greater specificity about the role of mentalizing in bringing about therapeutic change.Mentalizing as a way epistemic trust is establishedMentalizing in therapy must be distinguished from mentalizing in the social world. To “learn” to mentalize in treatment is not in our view an appropriate therapeutic aim. We cannot assume that what we learn about mental states in treatment will somehow generalize to the world outside, allowing us to achieve better interpersonal relationships. Making this claim, even implicitly, as we believe we have been guilty of, omits the actual critical stage in the therapeutic change process. Mentalizing is a key part of the therapeutic process because it enhances our ability to learn. Mentalizing is a generic way of establishing epistemic trust with the aim of freeing the person from rigidity, so that they can begin to learn from experience and achieve change in their understanding of the social relationships they are part of and their understanding of their own behavior and action. Having the experience of our subjectivity being understood is the necessary key to open us up to learning—learning that has the potential to change our perception of our social world. Mentalizing is not psychotherapy; it is a key to accessing a biologically laid down method of modifying lasting structures of knowledge about the world. As such, it is part of the central process that underpins information transmission from generation to generation. It enables us to garner knowledge relevant to us and to use it across contexts, independently of the learning experience. Again, to simplify and demystify, the experience of feeling thought about in therapy makes us feel safe enough to think about ourselves in relation to our world. As we have established already, what we as clinicians see is mostly the product of developmental adversity, whether this is genetic or environmental in origin. There should be no competition for misfortune. Attempts to attribute hardship in line with etiological ideology are not only misplaced, but downright unethical. But psychotherapy, and perhaps even the sensitive administration of biological therapies PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TeWx2aWE8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEzPC9ZZWFyPjxS
ZWNOdW0+MTcyMTI8L1JlY051bT48UHJlZml4PmUuZy4gPC9QcmVmaXg+PERpc3BsYXlUZXh0Pihl
LmcuIFN5bHZpYSBldCBhbC4sIDIwMTMpPC9EaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVy
PjE3MjEyPC9yZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0icHRw
YTB2OWE3NXpmZjZlOXpwdHBkc3J1dnZ4OXAwdHJkd2EyIj4xNzIxMjwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1r
ZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJp
YnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+U3lsdmlhLCBMLiBHLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+SGF5
LCBBLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+T3N0YWNoZXIsIE0uIEouPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5NaWts
b3dpdHosIEQuIEouPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5OaWVyZW5iZXJnLCBBLiBBLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxh
dXRob3I+VGhhc2UsIE0uIEUuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5TYWNocywgRy4gUy48L2F1dGhvcj48
YXV0aG9yPkRlY2tlcnNiYWNoLCBULjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+UGVybGlzLCBSLiBILjwvYXV0
aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPkJpcG9sYXIgQ2xpbmlj
YWwgYW5kIFJlc2VhcmNoIFByb2dyYW0sIE1hc3NhY2h1c2V0dHMgR2VuZXJhbCBIb3NwaXRhbCBh
bmQgSGFydmFyZCBNZWRpY2FsIFNjaG9vbCwgQm9zdG9uLCBNQSAwMjExNCwgVVNBLiBsc3lsdmlh
MkBwYXJ0bmVycy5vcmc8L2F1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5Bc3NvY2lhdGlvbiBi
ZXR3ZWVuIHRoZXJhcGV1dGljIGFsbGlhbmNlLCBjYXJlIHNhdGlzZmFjdGlvbiwgYW5kIHBoYXJt
YWNvbG9naWNhbCBhZGhlcmVuY2UgaW4gYmlwb2xhciBkaXNvcmRlcjwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFy
eS10aXRsZT5Kb3VybmFsIG9mIENsaW5pY2FsIFBzeWNob3BoYXJtYWNvbG9neTwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5
LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiBjbGluaWNhbCBwc3ljaG9waGFybWFjb2xvZ3k8
L2FsdC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5KIENsaW4gUHN5Y2hv
cGhhcm1hY29sPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiBjbGluaWNhbCBwc3ljaG9w
aGFybWFjb2xvZ3k8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRp
dGxlPkogQ2xpbiBQc3ljaG9waGFybWFjb2w8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5Kb3VybmFsIG9m
IGNsaW5pY2FsIHBzeWNob3BoYXJtYWNvbG9neTwvYWJici0xPjwvYWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PHBh
Z2VzPjM0My01MDwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT4zMzwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+MzwvbnVtYmVyPjxl
ZGl0aW9uPjIwMTMvMDQvMjQ8L2VkaXRpb24+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFkdWx0PC9rZXl3
b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkJpcG9sYXIgRGlzb3JkZXIvKmRydWcgdGhlcmFweTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5
d29yZD5FbXBhdGh5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZlbWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5G
b2xsb3ctVXAgU3R1ZGllczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IZWFsdGggU2VydmljZXMgQWNjZXNz
aWJpbGl0eTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TG9naXN0
aWMgTW9kZWxzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkxvbmdpdHVkaW5hbCBTdHVkaWVzPC9rZXl3b3Jk
PjxrZXl3b3JkPk1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWVkaWNhdGlvbiBBZGhlcmVuY2UvKnBz
eWNob2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UGF0aWVudCBQYXJ0aWNpcGF0aW9uPC9rZXl3b3Jk
PjxrZXl3b3JkPipQYXRpZW50IFNhdGlzZmFjdGlvbjwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qUGh5c2lj
aWFuLVBhdGllbnQgUmVsYXRpb25zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlByb3NwZWN0aXZlIFN0dWRp
ZXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UXVhbGl0eSBvZiBIZWFsdGggQ2FyZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5
d29yZD5RdWVzdGlvbm5haXJlczwva2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdvcmRzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDEz
PC95ZWFyPjxwdWItZGF0ZXM+PGRhdGU+SnVuPC9kYXRlPjwvcHViLWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlz
Ym4+MTUzMy03MTJYIChFbGVjdHJvbmljKSYjeEQ7MDI3MS0wNzQ5IChMaW5raW5nKTwvaXNibj48
YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT4yMzYwOTM5NDwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48d29yay10eXBlPk11bHRpY2Vu
dGVyIFN0dWR5JiN4RDtSZXNlYXJjaCBTdXBwb3J0LCBOLkkuSC4sIEV4dHJhbXVyYWw8L3dvcmst
dHlwZT48dXJscz48cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0cDovL3d3dy5uY2JpLm5sbS5uaWguZ292
L3B1Ym1lZC8yMzYwOTM5NDwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48Y3VzdG9tMj4zODcz
MzI0PC9jdXN0b20yPjxlbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT4xMC4xMDk3L0pDUC4wYjAxM2Uz
MTgyOTAwYzZmPC9lbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT48bGFuZ3VhZ2U+ZW5nPC9sYW5ndWFn
ZT48L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PC9FbmROb3RlPgB=
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TeWx2aWE8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEzPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (e.g. Sylvia et al., 2013), is primarily concerned not with the what but the how of learning. Mentalizing establishes a view of the person as an agent. Seeing the world from the patient’s standpoint opens the patient’s mind by establishing epistemic trust in creating a collaboration. The patient becomes able once again to trust the social world as a learning environment. But perhaps it is not what we then teach patients in therapy that matters. Perhaps the rekindling of the evolutionarily protected capacity for learning from social situations is what generates most change. Therapeutic interventions are effective because they open the person to social learning experiences, which then feed back PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CZW5pc2g8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CZW5pc2g8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Benish, Quintana, & Wampold, 2011) in a virtuous cycle.Why is Psychotherapy Effective for Borderline Personality Disorder?We propose that in effect three sets of processes, which we will label “systems”, underpin the mechanism of change in the psychosocial treatment of BPD patients. We suggest that the three systems relate to each other cumulatively to make change possible ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Fonagy</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>16768</RecNum><DisplayText>(Fonagy et al., 2014)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16768</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16768</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Fonagy, P.</author><author>Luyten, P.</author><author>Allison, E.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Teaching to learn from experience: Epistemic mistrust at the heart of BPD and its psychosocial treatment</title><secondary-title>Manuscript in preparation</secondary-title></titles><dates><year>2014</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Fonagy et al., 2014). Communication System 1: The Teaching and Learning of ContentAll evidence-based treatments of BPD provide a coherent, consistent and continuous framework that enables the patient to examine the issues deemed to be central according to that particular model (e.g., early schemas, invalidating experiences, object relations, and current attachment experiences) in a safe and low-arousal context. Thus, all evidence-based psychotherapies provide the patient with useful skills or knowledge, such as acquiring strategies to deal with emotional dysregulation or restructuring interpersonal relationship schemata from the past or in the present as part of imparting such content. Perhaps more importantly, however, all evidence-based therapies deliver to the patient a model of mind, of disorder, and a hypothetical process of change that are convincing and accurate enough to enable the patient to feel recognized as an agent. The model contains sufficient personally relevant information for the patient to feel markedly mirrored or “understood” and increase the patient’s capacity for understanding, be it a dynamic formulation of internal conflicts, as in TFP, or the offering of essential self-management skills such as DEARMAN in DBT, or indeed formulations of interpersonal relationships as presented in Cognitive Analytic Therapy. These model-specific interventions help because they relate to the patient’s specific needs, for example, their problems with emotion regulation, their inadequate knowledge about themselves, or other specific deficits. It is therefore natural for us to assume that the interventions with specific aims have their impact on the specific capacities they are intended to address. The evidence for such assumptions is, however, not compelling ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Forster</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>17214</RecNum><DisplayText>(Forster, Berthollier, & Rawlinson, 2014)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>17214</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">17214</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Forster, C.</author><author>Berthollier, N.</author><author>Rawlinson, D.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>A systematic review of potential mechanisms of change in psychotherapeutic interventions for personality disorder</title><secondary-title>Journal of Psychology and Psychotherapy</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of Psychology and Psychotherapy</full-title></periodical><pages>doi: 10.4172/2161-0487.1000133</pages><volume>4</volume><number>133</number><dates><year>2014</year></dates><isbn>2161-0487</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.4172/2161-0487.1000133</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>(Forster, Berthollier, & Rawlinson, 2014). In essence the impact of these implicit or explicit explanations and suggestions serve ostensive cues; they signal to the patient the relevance of the information that is conveyed by triggering personal recognition in him/her. This process is important because it leads the patient to reduce his/her epistemic hypervigilance as he/she increasingly sees the relevance of the model to his/her own state of mind. Thus, acquiring new skills that had been lacking and learning new (useful) information about oneself has a nonspecific effect of creating openness that makes it easier for the patient to learn the specific content conveyed within the model. A virtuous cycle is created: the patient feels the truth of the evidence-based content conveyed, which creates increasing epistemic openness; this in turn allows the patient to take in further information that naturally also serves to reassure and validate. When the patient feels mentalized by the “felt truth” of the content being communicated, this facilitates further learning. We know that without a coherent body of knowledge based on a systematically established set of principles, psychological therapy is but an empty shell. It does not meet Wampold et al.’s ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite ExcludeAuth="1"><Year>1997</Year><RecNum>5728</RecNum><DisplayText>(1997)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>5728</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">5728</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Wampold, B. E.</author><author>Mondin, G. W.</author><author>Moody, M.</author><author>Stich, F.</author><author>Benson, K.</author><author>Ahn, H. N.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Wampold, BE
Univ Wisconsin,Sch Educ,Dept Counseling Psychol,321 Educ Bldg,1000 Bascom Mall,Madison,Wi 53706, USA
Univ Wisconsin,Sch Educ,Dept Counseling Psychol,321 Educ Bldg,1000 Bascom Mall,Madison,Wi 53706, USA</auth-address><titles><title>A meta-analysis of outcome studies comparing bona fide psychotherapies: Empirically, ''all must have prizes''</title><secondary-title>Psychological Bulletin</secondary-title><alt-title>Psychol Bull</alt-title></titles><pages>203-215</pages><volume>122</volume><number>3</number><keywords><keyword>cognitive-behavioral treatment</keyword><keyword>generalized anxiety disorder</keyword><keyword>individual-response patterns</keyword><keyword>obsessive-compulsive disorder</keyword><keyword>musical-performance anxiety</keyword><keyword>2 psychological treatments</keyword><keyword>cue-controlled relaxation</keyword><keyword>oriented marital-therapy</keyword><keyword>test-anxious students</keyword><keyword>low-back-pain</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1997</year><pub-dates><date>Nov</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0033-2909</isbn><accession-num>ISI:A1997YC73800001</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><Go to ISI>://A1997YC73800001</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>Doi 10.1037/0033-2909.122.3.203</electronic-resource-num><language>English</language></record></Cite></EndNote>(1997) criteria for a “bona fide” treatment. Even in meta-analyses of large cohort studies, therapies without a credible tight intellectual frame are observed to fail PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CZW5pc2g8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CZW5pc2g8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Benish et al., 2011). However, there are probably more than a thousand different models of psychotherapy ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Lambert</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>16968</RecNum><DisplayText>(Lambert, 2013)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16968</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16968</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book Section">5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lambert, M.</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>M. Lambert</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>The efficacy and effectiveness of psychotherapy</title><secondary-title>Bergin and Garfield's Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change</secondary-title></titles><pages>169-218</pages><edition>6th</edition><dates><year>2013</year></dates><pub-location>Hoboken, NJ</pub-location><publisher>Wiley</publisher><isbn>1118418689</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Lambert, 2013), with more being added each day. The fact that there are so many different therapies, using so many different theoretical models that have been found to have some beneficial effect, indicates that the significance of Communication System 1 lies perhaps not in the essential truth of the “wisdom” of the specific approach, to which the patient is increasingly open in the course of their treatment, but in the fact that it causes him/her to give some weight to a piece of communication from the social world. This brings us to System munication System 2: The Re-emergence of Robust MentalizingThrough the process of passing on knowledge and skills, the therapist implicitly recognizes the agentiveness of the patient. The therapist’s presentation to the patient of information that is personally relevant to them (which we can see as a form of marked mirroring) serves as a form of ostensive cueing that conveys that the therapist is seeking to understand the patient’s perspective. This in turn enables the patient to hear and to listen. In effect, the therapist is modelling how he/she engages in mentalizing in relation to the patient. It is important that in this process both patient and therapist come to see each other more clearly as intentional agents. It is not sufficient for the therapist to present their “mentalizing wisdom” to the patient if they are not themselves clearly seen as agentive actors whose actions are predictable given the principles of theoretical rationality. In the facilitating context of an open and trustworthy social situation, a better understanding of the beliefs, wishes, and desires underpinning the actions of others and of the self can be achieved. This in turn allows for a more trusting and less paranoid interpersonal relationship in the consulting room. In brief, mentalizing interventions demand collaboration (working together), seeing from the other’s perspective, treating the other as a person, recognizing them as an agent, assuming they have things to teach us—since mental states are opaque—and, of course, responding contingently to them, so that ideally, the patient’s feeling of having been sensitively responded to opens a second virtuous cycle in interpersonal communication in which the patient’s own capacity to mentalize is regenerated.However, the mentalizing of patients—that is, acting in accordance with the patient’s perspective—may be a common factor across psychotherapies not because patients need to learn about the contents of their minds or those of others;, rather, mentalizing may be a generic way of establishing an increased level of epistemic trust and therefore achieving change in mental function. We would maintain that the patient’s capacity to mentalize improves in all therapies. This serves to increase self-control, reduce the patient’s experience of mental pain, and improve their ability to think in the content of intense attachment relationships. This has been a key part of our understanding of the mechanisms of change since the MBT model was first developed ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Fonagy</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>10689</RecNum><DisplayText>(Fonagy & Bateman, 2006)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>10689</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">10689</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Fonagy, P.</author><author>Bateman, A. W.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Sub-Department of Clinical Health Psychology, University College London, UK. p.fonagy@ucl.ac.uk</auth-address><titles><title>Mechanisms of change in mentalization-based treatment of BPD</title><secondary-title>Journal of Clinical Psychology</secondary-title><alt-title>Journal of clinical psychology</alt-title></titles><pages>411-30</pages><volume>62</volume><number>4</number><edition>2006/02/14</edition><keywords><keyword>Borderline Personality Disorder/*psychology/*therapy</keyword><keyword>*Cognition</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Object Attachment</keyword><keyword>Psychological Theory</keyword><keyword>Psychotherapy/*methods</keyword><keyword>Reward</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2006</year><pub-dates><date>Apr</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0021-9762 (Print)
0021-9762 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>16470710</accession-num><work-type>Review</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>;(Fonagy & Bateman, 2006). A vital part of this process is the patient’s subjectivity being understood. It is also vital to a further function of therapy, which we wish to recognize separately, namely the rekindling of his/her desire to learn about the world, including the social world. In brief, and to simplify what is probably a complex nonlinear process, the insight obtained in therapy, whatever its content, creates or recreates the potential for a learning experience, which in turn makes other similar learning experiences more productive and enables a stance of learning from experience.We would like to underline a point that may seem initially puzzling given our declared commitment to mentalization-based psychotherapy: mentalizing in itself is not the objective of therapy. Instructing the therapist to focus the patient on their own thoughts and feelings, or indeed the thoughts and feelings of those around them will not achieve change. It will initiate change by changing the mindset of the individual undergoing treatment. However, System 2 can no more assure enduring alteration in the individual than does System 1. Mentalizing is a catalyst to the acceptance of socially transmitted new understandings. Improvement is based on learning from experience beyond therapy. Communication System 3: The Re-emergence of Social Learning beyond TherapyWe hypothesize that feeling understood opens a key biological route to information transmission and the possibility of taking in knowledge that is felt to be personally relevant and generalizable. This is what brings about change in previously rigidly held beliefs. In essence, the experience of feeling thought about enables us to learn new things about our social world. The therapeutic situation teaches about sources of knowledge. It provides a clear social illustration of trust, making the therapist a “deferential source” ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Wilson</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>16698</RecNum><DisplayText>(Wilson & Sperber, 2012)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16698</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16698</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Wilson, D.</author><author>Sperber, D.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Meaning and relevance</title></titles><dates><year>2012</year></dates><pub-location>Cambridge, UK</pub-location><publisher>Cambridge University Press</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Wilson & Sperber, 2012) of knowledge with the capacity to undo previously rigidly held beliefs about the self and about others, and to dissolve the patient’s experience of epistemic isolation, which is embodied in the rigidity of his/her subjective experience. A third virtuous cycle is initiated. Improved mentalizing permits improved understanding of social situations, which leads to better understanding of important others in the patient’s life, in turn creating the potential for the patient to notice a sensitive response and feel understood. Reopening the potential to feel sensitively responded to may in itself initiate more trusting, less paranoid interpersonal relationships, and may thus open the person up to new understandings of specific social situations as they arise.We posit that, as the patient’s state of epistemic hypervigilance relaxes, his/her capacity for trust will increase and he/she will discover new ways of learning about others. This brings with it an increase in the patient’s willingness to modify his/her cognitive structures for interpreting the behavior of others. Social experiences that may have been positive, but were in the past discounted as a result of the patient’s epistemic hypervigilance, now have the potential to have a positive impact. This is the third system of change, which becomes available once System 2 has opened the way to change by enhancing the patient’s capacity to mentalize. As patients begin to experience social interactions in a more benign way and see the social situations they are in more accurately (e.g., not seeing an experience of temporary social disappointment as an outright rejection), they update their knowledge of both themselves and others. It is the recovery of the capacity for social information exchange that is at the heart of psychotherapies. They impart an ability to modify or benefit from benign social intentions, and to update knowledge about the self and others in social situations. The improved sense of epistemic trust enables learning from social experience; in this way the third virtuous cycle is maintained beyond therapy. As therapists we often assume that the process in the consulting room is the primary driver of change. Yet change may be primarily brought about by what happens beyond therapy—by the way a person uses their social environment. As noted, empirical evidence from session-by-session monitoring of change suggests that the therapeutic alliance in the previous session foretells change in the next PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5GYWxrZW5zdHJvbTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTM8L1ll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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5GYWxrZW5zdHJvbTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTM8L1ll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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Falkenstrom et al., 2013; Tasca & Lampard, 2012). This suggests that change occurs in between sessions, as a consequence of changed attitudes to learning engendered by the therapy. The implication, however, is also that the extent of benefit a patient may derive from treatment may largely depend on what is accessible to the patient in his/her particular social world. We predict that psychotherapy for BPD is much more likely to succeed if the patient’s social environment at the time of treatment is generally benign. Although we do not know of any systematic studies that have explored this moderator, clinical experience suggests that there is likely to be some validity to this assertion. Further, we should not forget the potential role of evocative person–environment correlations here: because of a greater openness to social learning, patients may also begin actively influence and even “select” their environment in a more positive way, as is also demonstrated by studies suggesting that the process of “relationship-recruiting” may play a crucial role in explaining resilience and the emergence of so-called broaden-and-build cycles PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Gb25hZ3k8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA5PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Gb25hZ3k8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA5PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Fonagy & Luyten, 2009; Hauser, Allen, & Golden, 2006).This admittedly in part still speculative model offers a way of integrating the specific and nonspecific factors in psychotherapy. Specific factors associated with therapies that work create experiences of truth, which in turn encourage the patient to learn more. In this process, via a nonspecific channel, the patient’s capacity to mentalize is fostered. Both these systems would be expected to lead to symptomatic improvement. Improved mentalizing as well as reduced symptomatology then improve the patient’s experiences of social relationships. It is likely that it is these social new experiences, rather than just what happens in therapy, that serve to erode the epistemic hypervigilance that has hitherto prevented benign social interactions from changing an individual’s experience of themselves and of the social world. Change is, thus, probably due to how a person uses (and changes) their social environment, not to what happens in therapy. Simple Principles of Psychological Therapy with BPDWhat does all this tell us about development of appropriate treatments for BPD? We know that the treatments that work for BPD are focused and semi-manualized, maximizing effective interventions and ingredients whilst minimizing iatrogenic treatment components. We suggest that a simple set of principles follows from the epistemic model outlined above, around which effective treatments may be brought together, maximizing benefit whilst minimizing harm. The list, although perhaps not the justification, is consistent with similar recommendations put forward by others ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Schiavone</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>17215</RecNum><Prefix>e.g. </Prefix><DisplayText>(e.g. Schiavone & Links, 2013)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>17215</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">17215</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Schiavone, F. L.</author><author>Links, P. S.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.</auth-address><titles><title>Common elements for the psychotherapeutic management of patients with self injurious behavior</title><secondary-title>Child Abuse and Neglect</secondary-title><alt-title>Child abuse & neglect</alt-title></titles><alt-periodical><full-title>Child Abuse Negl</full-title><abbr-1>Child abuse & neglect</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>133-8</pages><volume>37</volume><number>2-3</number><edition>2012/12/25</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Adult Survivors of Child Abuse/*psychology</keyword><keyword>Borderline Personality Disorder/psychology/*therapy</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Physician-Patient Relations</keyword><keyword>Psychotherapeutic Processes</keyword><keyword>Psychotherapy/*methods</keyword><keyword>Self-Injurious Behavior/psychology/*therapy</keyword><keyword>Suicidal Ideation</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2013</year><pub-dates><date>Feb-Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1873-7757 (Electronic)
0145-2134 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>23260120</accession-num><work-type>Review</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>;(e.g. Schiavone & Links, 2013), but we would like to add a fourth “C” to the traditional set of three “Cs” that purportedly characterize effective treatments for BPD.The first is coherence and the principle of offering a coherent (understandable) approach to illness and cure that provides the patient with hope. The second is consistency, denoting the principle of identifying a well-balanced set of interventions based on the theory of disorder and its cure. The third is continuity, the principle of adherence to model throughout the treatment, without which the re-establishment of epistemic trust is inconceivable. The fourth is communication, which bears most clearly the hallmark of mentalizing, in that no communication is possible without the communicator having in mind the perspective of the receiver. Ultimately, it is the quality of communication that has the greatest influence. It is most directly implicated in pathology within this formulation of BPD as a disorder of communication, and it most directly guides the steps necessary for effective intervention. To summarize, at its simplest the clinical model we are advancing is as follows: (1) mentalizing in the clinical setting (individual, group, family, or community) engenders a sense of genuine collaboration through the establishment of an attachment relationship that in turn (2) leads to an increased sense of epistemic trust, which then (3) permits greater general openness to social learning with an increasingly accurate interpretation of others’ intentions. This brings with it “cure”, in (4) enabling the patient to develop new relationships imbued with epistemic trust or, equally, to rekindle old ones. It is these new (or renewed old) relationships that will ensure further improvement in learning from social experience. Nothing that we have said calls into question the importance of establishing a clear treatment frame. To the contrary: it is essential for good enough communication that patients enter treatment with a sense that the therapeutic environment is safe and structured. This is essential because signals of safety cannot be heard against a background of noise generated by noncomprehended unpredictable actions. A clear treatment frame makes it easier for the patient to discern the ostensive cues that serve as the key signals of recognition of the patient’s agentiveness. From our point of view, this establishes the therapist in the role of a deferentially treated source ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Recanati</Author><Year>1997</Year><RecNum>16868</RecNum><DisplayText>(Recanati, 1997)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>16868</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ptpa0v9a75zff6e9zptpdsruvvx9p0trdwa2">16868</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Recanati, F.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Recanati, F
Ecole Polytech,Crea,1 Rue Descartes,F-75005 Paris,France
Ecole Polytech,Crea,1 Rue Descartes,F-75005 Paris,France</auth-address><titles><title>Can we believe what we do not understand?</title><secondary-title>Mind & Language</secondary-title><alt-title>Mind Lang</alt-title></titles><pages>84-100</pages><volume>12</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>1997</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0268-1064</isbn><accession-num>ISI:A1997XD14200005</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><Go to ISI>://A1997XD14200005</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1111/1468-0017.00037</electronic-resource-num><language>English</language></record></Cite></EndNote>(Recanati, 1997). The re-establishment of normal communication feeds into the virtuous cycle of normal social development from which we all benefit.A Painful ConclusionAnd this brings us to the most painful part of this position paper. Are we as clinicians necessary for the patient to achieve recovery? Studies of natural history PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5aYW5hcmluaTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDc8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5aYW5hcmluaTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDc8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Gunderson et al., 2011; Zanarini et al., 2007) suggest that we may not be, although the facts are disputed by those of us whose income depends on seeing professional help as useful. Yet placing the effective component of change outside of the consulting room clearly runs the risk of attracting claims of wastefulness at best and charlatanism at worst.It is by no means clear to us that those with the longest, most arduously acquired training are necessarily in the best position to assist in the re-establishment of normal social communication in patients with BPD. What professional training seems, to us, to deliver is a set of strategies for keeping a channel open in a context where normal human behavior might bring discourse to a dramatic halt and allow action to replace psychological understanding. The basic skills that DBT entails speak forcefully to the need for keeping channels of communication open with the outside world despite a powerful urge to shut down and seek refuge in aggression against the self, the other, or both. The insistent interpretive stance of TFP also maintains communication. MBT provides a scaffolding by means of which even those untrained in dynamic therapy can maintain a conversation with the patient around his/her current experience. Good psychiatric management, as we have seen it practiced, places emphasis on ensuring that the link between the patient and the “outside world” is retained. More generally, if we place primary emphasis on the need to sustain communication, the broadest use of therapeutic inputs and the most coherent methods for ensuring patient participation in the process can be assured. Respect, validation, empathy, the willingness to modify one’s own stance as a therapist in the light of the patient’s changed position, a rigorous and unstinting effort in trying to understand where a patient is coming from, collaborative and joint decision making (where possible), a systematic collection of patient experience data and patient-reported outcome measures that are observed to modify treatment strategies, and millions of other techniques can be adapted to serve the overarching ambition of restoring communication by restoring epistemic trust.References ADDIN EN.REFLIST Aber, J., Slade, A., Berger, B., Bresgi, I., & Kaplan, M. (1985). The Parent Development Interview. Unpublished manuscript. Barnard College, Columbia University. New York, NY. Ablon, J. S., & Jones, E. E. (2002). Validity of controlled clinical trials of psychotherapy: Findings from the NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 775-783. Adamson Hoebel, E. (1966). Anthropology: The study of man. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.Afifi, T. O., Mather, A., Boman, J., Fleisher, W., Enns, M. W., Macmillan, H., & Sareen, J. (2011). Childhood adversity and personality disorders: Results from a nationally representative population-based study. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45, 814-822. Allen, J. G. (2013). Mentalizing in the development and treatment of attachment trauma. London, UK: Karnac Books.Allen, J. G., Fonagy, P., & Bateman, A. W. (2008). Mentalizing in clinical practice. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.Arens, E. A., Stopsack, M., Spitzer, C., Appel, K., Dudeck, M., Volzke, H., . . . Barnow, S. (2013). Borderline personality disorder in four different age groups: A cross-sectional study of community residents in Germany. Journal of Personality Disorders, 27, 196-207. Ayoub, C., O'Connor, E., Rappolt-Schlictmann, G., Vallotton, C., Raikes, H., & Chazan-Cohen, R. (2009). Cognitive skill performance among young children living in poverty: Risk, change, and the promotive effects of Early Head Start. Early Child Research Quarterly, 24, 289-305. Baird, A. A., Veague, H. B., & Rabbitt, C. E. (2005). Developmental precipitants of borderline personality disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 17, 1031-1049. Baldwin, S. A., Wampold, B. E., & Imel, Z. E. (2007). Untangling the alliance-outcome correlation: Exploring the relative importance of therapist and patient variability in the alliance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75, 842-852. Ball, J. S., & Links, P. S. (2009). Borderline personality disorder and childhood trauma: Evidence for a causal relationship. Current Psychiatry Reports, 11, 63-68. Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 226-244. Bartz, J. A., Zaki, J., Bolger, N., & Ochsner, K. N. (2011). Social effects of oxytocin in humans: Context and person matter. Trends in Cognitive Science, 15, 301-309. Bateman, A. W., & Fonagy, P. (2004). Mentalization-based treatment of BPD. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18, 36-51. Bateman, A. W., & Fonagy, P. (Eds.). (2012). Handbook of mentalizing in mental health practice. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.Battle, C. L., Shea, M. T., Johnson, D. M., Yen, S., Zlotnick, C., Zanarini, M. C., . . . Morey, L. C. (2004). Childhood maltreatment associated with adult personality disorders: Findings from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18, 193-211. Beck, A. T., Freeman, A., & Davis, D. D. (2004). Cognitive therapy of personality disorders. New York, NY: Guilford Press.Beebe, B., Jaffe, J., Markese, S., Buck, K., Chen, H., Cohen, P., . . . Feldstein, S. (2010). The origins of 12-month attachment: A microanalysis of 4-month mother-infant interaction. Attachment and Human Development, 12, 3-141. Bellino, S., Patria, L., Paradiso, E., Di Lorenzo, R., Zanon, C., Zizza, M., & Bogetto, F. (2005). Major depression in patients with borderline personality disorder: A clinical investigation. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 50, 234-238. Belsky, J., & Fearon, P. R. M. (2008). Precursors of attachment security. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment theory and research (2nd ed., pp. 295-316). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Bender, D. S. (2013). An ecumenical approach to conceptualizing and studying the core of personality psychopathology: A commentary on Hopwood et al. Journal of Personality Disorders, 27, 311-319. Benish, S. G., Quintana, S., & Wampold, B. E. (2011). Culturally adapted psychotherapy and the legitimacy of myth: A direct-comparison meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58, 279-289. Bierer, L. M., Yehuda, R., Schmeidler, J., Mitropoulou, V., New, A. S., Silverman, J. M., & Siever, L. J. (2003). Abuse and neglect in childhood: Relationship to personality disorder diagnoses. CNS Spectrums, 8, 737-754. Bion, W. R. (1962). Learning from experience. London, UK: Heinemann.Blatt, S. J. (2008). Polarities of experience: Relatedness and self definition in personality development, psychopathology, and the therapeutic process. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Bornovalova, M. A., Hicks, B. M., Iacono, W. G., & McGue, M. (2009). Stability, change, and heritability of borderline personality disorder traits from adolescence to adulthood: A longitudinal twin study. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 1335-1353. Bornovalova, M. A., Hicks, B. M., Iacono, W. G., & McGue, M. (2013). Longitudinal twin study of borderline personality disorder traits and substance use in adolescence: Developmental change, reciprocal effects, and genetic and environmental influences. Personality Disorders, 4, 23-32. Bornstein, R. F. (2013). Combining interpersonal and intrapersonal perspectives on personality pathology: A commentary on Hopwood et al. Journal of Personality Disorders, 27, 296-302. Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss, Vol. 3: Loss: Sadness and depression. London, UK: Hogarth Press and Institute of Psycho-Analysis.Bretherton, I., Biringen, Z., Ridgeway, D., Maslin, C., & Sherman, M. (1989). Attachment: The parental perspective. Infant Mental Health Journal, 10, 203-221. Bronfman, E., Parsons, E., & Lyons-Ruth, K. (1992-2004). Atypical Maternal Behavior Instrument for Assessment and Classification (AMBIANCE): Manual for coding disrupted affective communication, version 2. Unpublished manuscript. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Medical School.Buchheim, A., Erk, S., George, C., Kachele, H., Kircher, T., Martius, P., . . . Walter, H. (2008). Neural correlates of attachment trauma in borderline personality disorder: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Psychiatry Research, 163, 223-235. Budd, R., & Hughes, I. (2009). The Dodo Bird Verdict--controversial, inevitable and important: A commentary on 30 years of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 16, 510-522. Caligor, E., Kernberg, O. F., & Clarkin, J. F. (2007). Handbook of dynamic psychotherapy for higher level personality pathology. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.Caporael, L. R. (1997). The evolution of truly social cognition: The core configurations model. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 1, 276-298. Carlson, E. A., Egeland, B., & Sroufe, L. A. (2009). A prospective investigation of the development of borderline personality symptoms. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 1311-1334. Castonguay, L. G. (2011). Psychotherapy, psychopathology, research and practice: Pathways of connections and integration. Psychotherapy Research, 21, 125-140. Chanen, A. M., & Kaess, M. (2012). Developmental pathways to borderline personality disorder. Current Psychiatry Reports, 14, 45-53. Chanen, A. M., & McCutcheon, L. (2013). Prevention and early intervention for borderline personality disorder: Current status and recent evidence. British Journal of Psychiatry. Supplement, 54, s24-29. Cicchetti, D. (2014). Illustrative developmental psychopathology perspectives on precursors and pathways to personality disorder: Commentary on the special issue. Journal of Personality Disorders, 28, 172-179. Cicchetti, D., & Crick, N. R. (2009). Precursors and diverse pathways to personality disorder in children and adolescents. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 683-685. Clarkin, J. F., Caligor, E., Stern, B., & Kernberg, O. F. (2007). Structured Interview of Personality Organization (STIPO). Cornell University Personality Disorders Institute. White Plains, NY. Cohen, Y. (1991). Grandiosity in children with narcissistic and borderline disorders. A comparative analysis. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 46, 307-324. Corriveau, K. H., Harris, P. L., Meins, E., Fernyhough, C., Arnott, B., Elliott, L., . . . de Rosnay, M. (2009). Young children's trust in their mother's claims: Longitudinal links with attachment security in infancy. Child Development, 80, 750-761. Crandell, L. E., & Hobson, R. P. (1999). Individual differences in young children's IQ: A social-developmental perspective. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40, 455-464. Crawford, T. N., Cohen, P. R., Chen, H., Anglin, D. M., & Ehrensaft, M. (2009). Early maternal separation and the trajectory of borderline personality disorder symptoms. Development and Psychopatholpgy, 21, 1013-1030. Crombie, T., & Fonagy, P. (2013). A systematic literature review into the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and emotional neglect and borderline personality disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, Manuscript submitted for publication. Csibra, G., & Gergely, G. (2006). Social learning and social cognition: The case for pedagogy. In M. H. Johnson & Y. Munakata (Eds.), Processes of change in brain and cognitive development. Attention and Performance XXI (pp. 249-274). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Csibra, G., & Gergely, G. (2009). Natural pedagogy. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 148-153. Csibra, G., & Gergely, G. (2011). Natural pedagogy as evolutionary adaptation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 366, 1149-1157. Daros, A. R., Uliaszek, A. A., & Ruocco, A. C. (2014). Perceptual biases in facial emotion recognition in borderline personality disorder. Personality Disorders, 5, 79-87. Daruy-Filho, L., Brietzke, E., Lafer, B., & Grassi-Oliveira, R. (2011). Childhood maltreatment and clinical outcomes of bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 124, 427-434. Dean, L. G., Kendal, R. L., Schapiro, S. J., Thierry, B., & Laland, K. N. (2012). Identification of the social and cognitive processes underlying human cumulative culture. Science, 335, 1114-1118. DeWolf, M. S., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (1997). Sensitivity and attachment: A meta-analysis on parental antecedents of infant attachment. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 68, 571-591. Distel, M. A., Trull, T. J., Derom, C. A., Thiery, E. W., Grimmer, M. A., Martin, N. G., . . . Boomsma, D. I. (2008). Heritability of borderline personality disorder features is similar across three countries. Psychological Medicine, 38, 1219-1229. Dunbar, R. I. M., & Shultz, S. (2007). Evolution in the social brain. Science, 317, 1344-1347. Engels, F. (1876). The part played by labour in the transition from ape to man. In F. Engels (Ed.), Dialectics of nature (1883). London, UK: Wellred (2012).Falkenstrom, F., Granstrom, F., & Holmqvist, R. (2013). Therapeutic alliance predicts symptomatic improvement session by session. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60, 317-328. Fearon, P., Shmueli-Goetz, Y., Viding, E., Fonagy, P., & Plomin, R. (2013). Genetic and environmental influences on adolescent attachment. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12171 [epub ahead of print] Fearon, R. P., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van Ijzendoorn, M. H., Lapsley, A. M., & Roisman, G. I. (2010). The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A meta-analytic study. Child Development, 81, 435-456. Fernald, L. C., Weber, A., Galasso, E., & Ratsifandrihamanana, L. (2011). Socioeconomic gradients and child development in a very low income population: Evidence from Madagascar. Developmental Science, 14, 832-847. Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (1991). Social cognition (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.Fonagy, P. (1998). An attachment theory approach to treatment of the difficult patient. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 62, 147-169. Fonagy, P., & Bateman, A. (2008). The development of borderline personality disorder: A mentalizing model. Journal of Personality Disorders, 22, 4-21. Fonagy, P., & Bateman, A. W. (2006). Mechanisms of change in mentalization-based treatment of BPD. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 411-430. Fonagy, P., Gergely, G., Jurist, E., & Target, M. (2002). Affect regulation, mentalization, and the development of the self. New York, NY: Other Press.Fonagy, P., Gergely, G., & Target, M. (2007). The parent-infant dyad and the construction of the subjective self. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 288-328. Fonagy, P., & Luyten, P. (2009). A developmental, mentalization-based approach to the understanding and treatment of borderline personality disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 1355-1381. Fonagy, P., & Luyten, P. (in press). A multilevel perspective on the development of borderline personality disorder. In D. Cicchetti (Ed.), Development and psychopathology (3rd ed.). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.Fonagy, P., Luyten, P., & Allison, E. (2014). Teaching to learn from experience: Epistemic mistrust at the heart of BPD and its psychosocial treatment. Manuscript in preparation. Fonagy, P., Luyten, P., & Strathearn, L. (2011). Mentalization and the roots of borderline personality disorder in infancy. In H. E. Fitzgerald, K. Puura, M. Tomlinson & P. Campbell (Eds.), International perspectives on children and mental health (Vol. 1, pp. 129-153). Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.Fonagy, P., Steele, M., Steele, H., Moran, G. S., & Higgitt, A. C. (1991). The capacity for understanding mental states: The reflective self in parent and child and its significance for security of attachment. Infant Mental Health Journal, 12, 201-218. Fonagy, P., & Target, M. (2006). The mentalization-focused approach to self pathology. Journal of Personality Disorders, 20, 544-576. Fonagy, P., Target, M., Gergely, G., Allen, J. G., & Bateman, A. (2003). The developmental roots of borderline personality disorder in early attachment relationships: A theory and some evidence. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 23, 412-459. Fonagy, P., Target, M., Steele, H., & Steele, M. (1998). Reflective-functioning manual, Version 5, for application to Adult Attachment Interviews. Unpublished manuscript. University College London. London, UK. Forster, C., Berthollier, N., & Rawlinson, D. (2014). A systematic review of potential mechanisms of change in psychotherapeutic interventions for personality disorder. Journal of Psychology and Psychotherapy, 4, doi: 10.4172/2161-0487.1000133. Furrow, D., Moore, C., Davidge, J., & Chiasson, L. (1992). Mental terms in mothers' and children's speech: similarities and relationships. Journal of Child Language, 19, 617-631. Gergely, G., & Jacob, P. (2012). Reasoning about instrumental and communicative agency in human infancy. In J. B. Benson, F. Xu & T. Kushnir (Eds.), Advances in child development and behavior. Vol 43: Rational constructivism in cognitive development (2012/12/05 ed., Vol. 43, pp. 59-94). Waltham, MA: Academic Press/Elsevier.Gergely, G., & Watson, J. S. (1996). The social biofeedback theory of parental affect-mirroring: The development of emotional self-awareness and self-control in infancy. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 77 (Pt 6), 1181-1212. Goldman, G. A., & Gregory, R. J. (2010). Relationships between techniques and outcomes for borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 64, 359-371. Goodman, G. (2013). Is mentalization a common process factor in transference-focused psychotherapy and dialectical behavior therapy sessions? Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 23, 179-192. Goodman, G. S., Quas, J. A., & Ogle, C. M. (2010). Child maltreatment and memory. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 325-351. Goodman, M., Patel, U., Oakes, A., Matho, A., & Triebwasser, J. (2013). Developmental trajectories to male borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders. Gottman, J. M., Katz, L. F., & Hooven, C. (1996). Parental meta-emotion philosophy and the emotional life of families: Theoretical models and preliminary data. Journal of Family Psychology, 10, 243-268. Gratz, K. L., Kiel, E. J., Latzman, R. D., Elkin, T. D., Moore, S. A., & Tull, M. T. (2014). Emotion: Empirical contribution: Maternal borderline personality pathology and infant emotion regulation: examining the influence of maternal emotion-related difficulties and infant attachment. Journal of Personality Disorders, 28, 52-69. Gratz, K. L., Tull, M. T., Baruch, D. E., Bornovalova, M. A., & Lejuez, C. W. (2008). Factors associated with co-occurring borderline personality disorder among inner-city substance users: The roles of childhood maltreatment, negative affect intensity/reactivity, and emotion dysregulation. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 49, 603-615. Green-Hennessy, S., & Reis, H. T. (1998). Openness in processing social information among attachment types. Personal Relationships, 5, 449-466. Green, J. D., & Campbell, W. K. (2000). Attachment and exploration in adults: Chronic and contextual accessibility. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 452-461. Groh, A. M., Roisman, G. I., van Ijzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Fearon, R. P. (2012). The significance of insecure and disorganized attachment for children's internalizing symptoms: A meta-analytic study. Child Development, 83, 591-610. Gunderson, J. G. (1996). The borderline patient's intolerance of aloneness: Insecure attachments and therapist availability. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 752-758. Gunderson, J. G., & Lyons-Ruth, K. (2008). BPD's interpersonal hypersensitivity phenotype: A gene-environment-developmental model. Journal of Personality Disorders, 22, 22-41. Gunderson, J. G., Stout, R. L., McGlashan, T. H., Shea, M. T., Morey, L. C., Grilo, C. M., . . . Skodol, A. E. (2011). Ten-year course of borderline personality disorder: Psychopathology and function from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68, 827-837. Hamilton, W. D. (1964). The genetic evolution of social behaviour. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7, 1-52. Harris, B. (2013). Mother, Love (Review of The nature and nurture of love: From imprinting to attachment in Cold War America by Marga Vicedo). Science, 340, 926. Hauser, S. T., Allen, J. P., & Golden, E. (2006). Out of the woods. Tales of resilient teens. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Helgeland, M. I., & Torgersen, S. (2004). Developmental antecedents of borderline personality disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 45, 138-147. Herrmann, E., Call, J., Hernandez-Lloreda, M. V., Hare, B., & Tomasello, M. (2007). Humans have evolved specialized skills of social cognition: The cultural intelligence hypothesis. Science, 317, 1360-1366. Hopwood, C. J., Wright, A. G., Ansell, E. B., & Pincus, A. L. (2013). The interpersonal core of personality pathology. Journal of Personality Disorders, 27, 270-295. Huang, J., Yang, Y., Wu, J., Napolitano, L. A., Xi, Y., & Cui, Y. (2012). Childhood abuse in Chinese patients with borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 26, 238-254. Isabella, R. A., Belsky, J., & von Eye, A. (1989). Origins of infant-mother attachment: An examination of interactional synchrony during the infant's first year. Developmental Psychology, 25, 12-21. Jacobsen, T., & Hofmann, V. (1997). Children's attachment representations: Longitudinal relations to school behavior and academic competency in middle childhood and adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 33, 703-710. Johnson, J. G., Cohen, P., Brown, J., Smailes, E. M., & Bernstein, D. P. (1999). Childhood maltreatment increases risk for personality disorders during early adulthood. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 600-605. Johnson, J. G., Cohen, P., Smailes, E. M., Skodol, A. E., Brown, J., & Oldham, J. M. (2001). Childhood verbal abuse and risk for personality disorders during adolescence and early adulthood. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 42, 16-23. Johnson, J. G., Smailes, E. M., Cohen, P., Brown, J., & Bernstein, D. P. (2000). Associations between four types of childhood neglect and personality disorder symptoms during adolescence and early adulthood: Findings of a community-based longitudinal study. Journal of Personality Disorders, 14, 171-187. Kanai, R., Bahrami, B., Roylance, R., & Rees, G. (2012). Online social network size is reflected in human brain structure. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 279, 1327-1334. Kazdin, A. E. (2009). Understanding how and why psychotherapy leads to change. Psychotherapy Research, 19, 418-428. Kendler, K. S., Aggen, S. H., Czajkowski, N., Roysamb, E., Tambs, K., Torgersen, S., . . . Reichborn-Kjennerud, T. (2008). The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for DSM-IV personality disorders: A multivariate twin study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65, 1438-1446. Kernberg, O. F. (1984). Severe personality disorders: Psychotherapeutic strategies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Kingdon, D. G., Ashcroft, K., Bhandari, B., Gleeson, S., Warikoo, N., Symons, M., . . . Mehta, R. (2010). Schizophrenia and borderline personality disorder: Similarities and differences in the experience of auditory hallucinations, paranoia, and childhood trauma. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 198, 399-403. Kiser, L. J., Bates, J. E., Maslin, C. A., & Bayles, K. (1986). Mother-infant play at six months as a predictor of attachment security of thirteen months. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 25, 68-75. Koren-Karie, N., Oppenheim, D., Dolev, S., Sher, E., & Etzion-Carasso, A. (2002). Mothers' insightfulness regarding their infants' internal experience: Relations with maternal sensitivity and infant attachment. Developmental Psychology, 38, 534-542. Kruglanski, A. W. (1989). Lay epistemics and human knowledge: Cognitive and motivational bases. New York, NY: Plenum Press.Kruglanski, A. W., & Webster, D. M. (1996). Motivated closing of the mind: "Seizing" and "freezing". Psychological Review, 103, 263-283. Lambert, M. (2013). The efficacy and effectiveness of psychotherapy. In M. Lambert (Ed.), Bergin and Garfield's Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change (6th ed., pp. 169-218). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.Laporte, L., Paris, J., Guttman, H., & Russell, J. (2011). Psychopathology, childhood trauma, and personality traits in patients with borderline personality disorder and their sisters. Journal of Personality Disorders, 25, 448-462. Laranjo, J., Bernier, A., Meins, E., & Carlson, S. M. (2010). Early manifestations of children's theory of mind: The roles of maternal mind-mindedness and infant security of attachment. Infancy, 15, 300-323. Leichsenring, F., Leibing, E., Kruse, J., New, A. S., & Leweke, F. (2011). Borderline personality disorder. Lancet, 377, 74-84. Lopez-Castroman, J., Melhem, N., Birmaher, B., Greenhill, L., Kolko, D., Stanley, B., . . . Oquendo, M. A. (2013). Early childhood sexual abuse increases suicidal intent. World Psychiatry, 12, 149-154. Luyten, P. (in press). Unholy questions about five central tenets of psychoanalysis that need to be empirically verified. Psychoanalytic Inquiry. Luyten, P., & Blatt, S. J. (2011). Integrating theory-driven and empirically-derived models of personality development and psychopathology: A proposal for DSM V. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 52-68. Machizawa-Summers, S. (2007). Childhood trauma and parental bonding among Japanese female patients with borderline personality disorder. International Journal of Psychology, 42, 265-273. Main, M., & Hesse, E. (1998). Frightening, frightened, dissociated, deferential, sexualized and disorganized parental behavior: A coding system for parent-infant interactions (6th ed.). Unpublished manual. University of California at Berkeley. Mansell, W. (2011). Core processes of psychopathology and recovery: "Does the Dodo bird effect have wings?". Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 189-192. Marvin, R. S., & Britner, P. A. (2008). Normal development: The ontogeny of attachment. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment theory and research (2nd ed., pp. 269-294). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Matzke, B., Herpertz, S. C., Berger, C., Fleischer, M., & Domes, G. (2014). Facial reactions during emotion recognition in borderline personality disorder: A facial electromyography study. Psychopathology, 47, 101-110. McWilliams, N. (2011). Psychoanalytic diagnosis: Understanding personality structure in the clinical process (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Meins, E. (1998). The effects of security of attachment and maternal attribution of meaning on children's linguistic acquisitional style. Infant Behavior & Development, 21, 237-252. Meins, E., Fernyhough, C., Fradley, E., & Tuckey, M. (2001). Rethinking maternal sensitivity: Mothers' comments on infants' mental processes predict security of attachment at 12 months. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42, 637-648. Meins, E., Fernyhough, C., Wainwright, R., Clark-Carter, D., Das Gupta, M., Fradley, E., & Tuckey, M. (2003). Pathways to understanding mind: Construct validity and predictive validity of maternal mind-mindedness. Child Development Perspectives, 74, 1194-1211. Meins, E., Fernyhough, C., Wainwright, R., Das Gupta, M., Fradley, E., & Tuckey, M. (2002). Maternal mind-mindedness and attachment security as predictors of theory of mind understanding. Child Development, 73, 1715-1726. Mikulincer, M. (1997). Adult attachment style and information processing: Individual differences in curiosity and cognitive closure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1217-1230. Mikulincer, M., & Arad, D. (1999). Attachment working models and cognitive openness in close relationships: A test of chronic and temporary accessibility effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 710-725. Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2007). Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change. New York, NY: Guilford Press.Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., & Pereg, D. (2003). Attachment theory and affect regulation: The dynamics, development, and cognitive consequences of attachment-related strategies. Motivation and Emotion, 27, 77-102. Miller, D. J., Duka, T., Stimpson, C. D., Schapiro, S. J., Baze, W. B., McArthur, M. J., . . . Sherwood, C. C. (2012). Prolonged myelination in human neocortical evolution. Proceedings of the National Academcy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109, 16480-16485. Mills-Koonce, W. R., Gariepy, J. L., Propper, C., Sutton, K., Calkins, S., Moore, G., & Cox, M. (2007). Infant and parent factors associated with early maternal sensitivity: A caregiver-attachment systems approach. Infant Behavior & Development, 30, 114-126. Moore, C., & Dunham, P. J. (1995). Joint attention: Its origins and role in development. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Moss, E., Rousseau, D., Parent, S., St.-Laurent, D., & Saintong, J. (1998). Correlates of attachment at school-age: Maternal reported stress, mother-child interaction and behavior problems. Child Development, 69, 1390-1405. Nagell, K., Olguin, R. S., & Tomasello, M. (1993). Processes of social learning in the tool use of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and human children (Homo sapiens). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 107, 174-186. Nanni, V., Uher, R., & Danese, A. (2012). Childhood maltreatment predicts unfavorable course of illness and treatment outcome in depression: A meta-analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169, 141-151. Nicol, K., Pope, M., Sprengelmeyer, R., Young, A. W., & Hall, J. (2013). Social judgement in borderline personality disorder. PLOS ONE, 8, e73440. Oppenheim, D., & Koren-Karie, N. (2009). Infant–parent relationship assessment: parents' insightfulness regarding their young children's internal worlds. In C. H. Zeanah (Ed.), Handbook of infant mental health (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Oppenheim, D., & Koren-Karie, N. (2013). The insightfulness assessment: Measuring the internal processes underlying maternal sensitivity. Attachment and Human Development, 15, 545-561. Out, D., Cyr, C., Pijlman, F. T. A., Beijersbergen, M. D., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2009). Disconnected and extremely Insensitive Parenting (DIP) Version 3. Leiden, The Netherlands: Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University. Paris, J. (2007). The nature of borderline personality disorder: Multiple dimensions, multiple symptoms, but one category. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21, 457-473. Pearce, E., Stringer, C., & Dunbar, R. I. (2013). New insights into differences in brain organization between Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 280, 20130168. Perroud, N., Salzmann, A., Prada, P., Nicastro, R., Hoeppli, M. E., Furrer, S., . . . Malafosse, A. (2013). Response to psychotherapy in borderline personality disorder and methylation status of the BDNF gene. Translational Psychiatry, 3, e207. Pierro, A., & Kruglanski, A. W. (2008). "Seizing and freezing" on a significant-person schema: need for closure and the transference effect in social judgment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1492-1503. Read, J., & Bentall, R. P. (2012). Negative childhood experiences and mental health: Theoretical, clinical and primary prevention implications. British Journal of Psychiatry, 200, 89-91. Recanati, F. (1997). Can we believe what we do not understand? Mind & Language, 12, 84-100. Rieder, C., & Cicchetti, D. (1989). Organizational perspective on cognitive control functioning and cognitive-affective balance in maltreated children. Developmental Psychology, 25, 382-393. Rogers, C. R. (1961). On becoming a person: A therapist's view of psychotherapy. London, UK: Constable.Rogers, C. R., & Dymond, R. F. (1954). Psychotherapy and personality change: Coordinated research studies in the client-centered approach. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Ruffman, T., Slade, L., & Crowe, E. (2002). The relation between children's and mothers' mental state language and theory-of-mind understanding. Child Development, 73, 734-751. Russell, B. (1940). An inquiry into meaning and truth. London, UK: Allen & Unwin.Sallet, J., Mars, R. B., Noonan, M. P., Andersson, J. L., O'Reilly, J. X., Jbabdi, S., . . . Rushworth, M. F. (2011). Social network size affects neural circuits in macaques. Science, 334, 697-700. Sartre, J.-P. (1946). L'existentialisme est un Humanisme. Paris, France: Editions Nagel.Schechter, D. S., Myers, M. M., Brunelli, S. A., Coates, S. W., Zeanah, C. H., Davies, M., . . . Liebowitz, M. R. (2006). Traumatized mothers can change their minds about their toddlers: Understanding how a novel use of videofeedback supports positive change of maternal attributions. Infant Mental Health Journal, 27, 429-447. Schiavone, F. L., & Links, P. S. (2013). Common elements for the psychotherapeutic management of patients with self injurious behavior. Child Abuse and Neglect, 37, 133-138. Schiborr, J., Lotzin, A., Romer, G., Schulte-Markwort, M., & Ramsauer, B. (2013). Child-focused maternal mentalization: A systematic review of measurement tools from birth to three. Measurement, 46, 2492-2509. Schmideberg, M. (1959). The borderline patient. . In S. Arieti (Ed.), American handbook of psychiatry (pp. 398–416.). New York, NY: Basic Books.Scott, L. N., Levy, K. N., Adams, R. B., Jr., & Stevenson, M. T. (2011). Mental state decoding abilities in young adults with borderline personality disorder traits. Personality Disorders, 2, 98-112. Senju, A., & Csibra, G. (2008). Gaze following in human infants depends on communicative signals. Current Biology, 18, 668-671. Sharp, C., Ha, C., Carbone, C., Kim, S., Perry, K., Williams, L., & Fonagy, P. (2013). Hypermentalizing in adolescent inpatients: Treatment effects and association with borderline traits. Journal of Personality Disorders, 27, 3-18. Sharp, C., Pane, H., Ha, C., Venta, A., Patel, A. B., Sturek, J., & Fonagy, P. (2011). Theory of mind and emotion regulation difficulties in adolescents with borderline traits. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 50, 563-573. Sharp, C., & Vanwoerden, S. (2014). Social cognition: Empirical contribution: The developmental building blocks of psychopathic traits: revisiting the role of theory of mind. Journal of Personality Disorders, 28, 78-95. Shiner, R. L. (2009). The development of personality disorders: Perspectives from normal personality development in childhood and adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 715-734. Siever, L. J. (2008). Neurobiology of aggression and violence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 429-442. Skodol, A. E., Gunderson, J., Shea, M. T., McGlashan, T., Morey, L. C., Sanislow, C., . . . Stout, R. L. (2006). The Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study (CLPS): Overview and implications. Journal of Personality Disorders, 19, 487-504. Slade, A. (2005). Parental reflective functioning: An introduction. Attachment and Human Development, 7, 269-281. Slade, A., Grienenberger, J., Bernbach, E., Levy, D., & Locker, A. (2005). Maternal reflective functioning, attachment, and the transmission gap: A preliminary study. Attachment and Human Development, 7, 283-298. Slaughter, V., Peterson, C. C., & Carpenter, M. (2008). Maternal talk about mental states and the emergence of joint visual attention. Infancy, 13, 640-659. Smith, T. M., Tafforeau, P., Reid, D. J., Pouech, J., Lazzari, V., Zermeno, J. P., . . . Hublin, J. J. (2010). Dental evidence for ontogenetic differences between modern humans and Neanderthals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107, 20923-20928. Snygg, D., & Combs, A. W. (1949). Individual behavior: A new frame of reference for psychology. New York, NY: Harper & Brothers.Solomon, J., & George, C. (1999). The caregiving system in mothers of infants: A comparison of divorcing and married mothers. Attachment and Human Development, 1, 171-190. Specht, M. W., Chapman, A., & Cellucci, T. (2009). Schemas and borderline personality disorder symptoms in incarcerated women. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 40, 256-264. Sperber, D., Clement, F., Heintz, C., Mascaro, O., Mercier, H., Origgi, G., & Wilson, D. (2010). Epistemic vigilance. Mind & Language, 25, 359-393. Sperber, D., & Wilson, D. (1995). Relevance: Communication and cognition (2nd ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell.Squire, L. R. (2004). Memory systems of the brain: A brief history and current perspective. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 82, 171-177. Stepp, S. D., Olino, T. M., Klein, D. N., Seeley, J. R., & Lewinsohn, P. M. (2013). Unique influences of adolescent antecedents on adult borderline personality disorder features. Personality Disorders, 4, 223-229. Sylvia, L. G., Hay, A., Ostacher, M. J., Miklowitz, D. J., Nierenberg, A. A., Thase, M. E., . . . Perlis, R. H. (2013). Association between therapeutic alliance, care satisfaction, and pharmacological adherence in bipolar disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 33, 343-350. Tackett, J. L., Balsis, S., Oltmanns, T. F., & Krueger, R. F. (2009). A unifying perspective on personality pathology across the life span: Developmental considerations for the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 687-713. Tackett, J. L., Kushner, S. C., Josephs, R. A., Harden, K. P., Page-Gould, E., & Tucker-Drob, E. M. (2014). Hormones: Empirical contribution: Cortisol reactivity and recovery in the context of adolescent personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 28, 25-39. Tackett, J. L., & Sharp, C. (2014). A developmental psychopathology perspective on personality disorder: Introduction to the special issue. Journal of Personality Disorders, 28, 1-4. Tasca, G. A., & Lampard, A. M. (2012). Reciprocal influence of alliance to the group and outcome in day treatment for eating disorders. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59, 507-517. Taumoepeau, M., & Ruffman, T. (2006). Mother and infant talk about mental states relates to desire language and emotion understanding. Child Development, 77, 465-481. Teicher, M. H., & Samson, J. A. (2013). Childhood maltreatment and psychopathology: A case for ecophenotypic variants as clinically and neurobiologically distinct subtypes. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 1114-1133. Tomasello, M. (1999). The cultural origins of human cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Tomasello, M. (2008). Origins of human communication. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Tomasello, M. (2014). A natural history of human thinking. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Tomasello, M., & Call, J. (1997). Primate cognition. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Torgersen, S., Lygren, S., Oien, P. A., Skre, I., Onstad, S., Edvardsen, J., . . . Kringlen, E. (2000). A twin study of personality disorders. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 41, 416-425. Unoka, Z., Fogd, D., Fuzy, M., & Csukly, G. (2011). Misreading the facial signs: Specific impairments and error patterns in recognition of facial emotions with negative valence in borderline personality disorder. Psychiatry Research, 189, 419-425. van den Heuvel, T. J., Derksen, J. J., Eling, P. A., & van der Staak, C. P. (2012). An investigation of different aspects of overgeneralization in patients with major depressive disorder and borderline personality disorder. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51, 376-395. van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2008). The distribution of adult attachment representations in clinical groups: A meta-analytic search for patterns of attachment in 105 AAI studies. In H. Steele & M. Steele (Eds.), Clinical applications of the Adult Attachment Interview (pp. 69-96). New York Guilford.Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Scheungel, C., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (1999). Disorganized attachment in early childhood: Meta-analysis of precursors, concomitants and sequelae. Development and Psychopathology, 22, 225-249. van Schaik, C. P., & Burkart, J. M. (2011). Social learning and evolution: The cultural intelligence hypothesis. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 366, 1008-1016. Wampold, B. E., Budge, S. L., Laska, K. M., Del Re, A. C., Baardseth, T. P., Fluckiger, C., . . . Gunn, W. (2011). Evidence-based treatments for depression and anxiety versus treatment-as-usual: A meta-analysis of direct comparisons. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 1304-1312. Wampold, B. E., Mondin, G. W., Moody, M., Stich, F., Benson, K., & Ahn, H. N. (1997). A meta-analysis of outcome studies comparing bona fide psychotherapies: Empirically, ''all must have prizes''. Psychological Bulletin, 122, 203-215. White, S. F., Clanton, R., Brislin, S. J., Meffert, H., Hwang, S., Sinclair, S., & Blair, R. J. (2014). Reward: Empirical contribution: Temporal discounting and conduct disorder in adolescents. Journal of Personality Disorders, 28, 5-18. Widiger, T. A., De Clercq, B., & De Fruyt, F. (2009). Childhood antecedents of personality disorder: An alternative perspective. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 771-791. Widiger, T. A., Lynam, D. R., Miller, J. D., & Oltmanns, T. F. (2012). Measures to assess maladaptive variants of the five-factor model. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94, 450-455. Widom, C. S., Czaja, S. J., & Paris, J. (2009). A prospective investigation of borderline personality disorder in abused and neglected children followed up into adulthood. Journal of Personality Disorders, 23, 433-446. Wilson, D., & Sperber, D. (2012). Meaning and relevance. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Wilson, D. S. (2013). Human cultures are primarily adaptive at the group level. Cliodynamics: The Journal of Theoretical and Mathematical History, 4, 102–138. Wilson, D. S., Hayes, S. C., Biglan, A., & Embry, D. D. (2014). Evolving the future: Toward a science of intentional change. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1-99. Wilson, D. S., & Wilson, E. O. (2007). Rethinking the theoretical foundation of sociobiology. Quarterly Review of Biology, 82, 327-348. Wingenfeld, K., Schaffrath, C., Rullkoetter, N., Mensebach, C., Schlosser, N., Beblo, T., . . . Meyer, B. (2011). Associations of childhood trauma, trauma in adulthood and previous-year stress with psychopathology in patients with major depression and borderline personality disorder. Child Abuse & Neglect, 35, 647-654. Zanarini, M. C., Frankenburg, F. R., Reich, D. B., Marino, M. F., Lewis, R. E., Williams, A. A., & Khera, G. S. (2000). Biparental failure in the childhood experiences of borderline patients. Journal of Personality Disorders, 14, 264-273. Zanarini, M. C., Frankenburg, F. R., Reich, D. B., Silk, K. R., Hudson, J. I., & McSweeney, L. B. (2007). The subsyndromal phenomenology of borderline personality disorder: a 10-year follow-up study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 929-935. Zanarini, M. C., Laudate, C. S., Frankenburg, F. R., Wedig, M. M., & Fitzmaurice, G. (2013). Reasons for self-mutilation reported by borderline patients over 16 years of prospective follow-up. Journal of Personality Disorders, 1-12. ................
................
In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.
To fulfill the demand for quickly locating and searching documents.
It is intelligent file search solution for home and business.
Related searches
- discovery management role office 365
- why discovery worksheet
- 2019 archaeological discovery israel
- discovery education sign up
- ucl msc financial mathematics
- ucl ms finance
- ucl finance msc
- ucl accounting and finance
- ucl financial engineering
- ucl msc computational finance
- ucl statistics economics and finance
- ucl msc engineering with finance