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AP Psychology Unit II: The Biological Bases of BehaviorGuided Notes #2 Corresponding Chapter(s): Chapter 2/Chapter 3Fall Semester 2014 Topic: Biological Bases of Behavior (8-10%)BacileTHE BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR: THE BRAINGENERAL LOCATIONSTRUCTURE/SPECIFIC LOCATIONFUNCTIONHOW TO REMEMBERWHAT IS THIS STRUCTURE DOING WHILE YOU ARE RIDING A BICYCLE?HINDBRAIN“Reptilian Brain”**Reptiles, animals and all humans have these structures, as they form the most basic part of the brain. Predictably, the hindbrain regulates the functions most basic to life.Medulla OblongataLocation: On top of the spinal cord; the very bottom of the brainYou “gata” have the medulla oblongata to survivePonsLocation: Sits on top of the medulla; larger swellingThe pons ponders what information to send to the brain and to the cerebellumReticular FormationLocation: Runs through the middle of the medulla & the pons; in between the earsThe reticular formation regulates our alertnessCerebellumLocation: Located in the rear of the brain; large & deeply folded structure; “little brain”Sounds like “Sarah balances…” Brain StemLocation: Lower part of the brain that connects to the spinal cordThink of the stem on a piece of broccoli; it connects the stalk to the rest of the broccoliGENERAL LOCATIONSTRUCTUREFUNCTIONHOW TO REMEMBERWHAT IS THIS STRUCTURE DOING WHILE YOU ARE RIDING A BICYCLE?FOREBRAIN“Animal Brain”Humans and animals have this structure; however, reptiles do not. As you review the functions of the animal brain, you may notice that this explains why animals respond to more complex sets of stimuli than do reptiles.LIMBIC SYSTEMLocation: A loosely connected network of structuresResponsible for mood & emotions, as well as the experience of pain and fear**Includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus and amygdalaThalamusLocation: Sits on top of the brainstem (part of the Limbic System)Fifty years ago, an operator would connect a phone call to the house a person was trying to call. This is what the thalamus does.HypothalamusLocation: Directly underneath the thalamus & directly above the pituitary gland (part of the Limbic System)Remember the FOUR Fs: FIGHT, FLIGHT, FOOD, FORNICATION + temperatureHippocampusLocation: Curved structure located within each temporal lobe; wraps around the back of the thalamus (part of the Limbic System)Elephants have good memories; so do hippos!AmygdalaLocation: Two almond shaped structures; near the hippocampusDon’t make “Amy mad!”GENERAL LOCATIONSTRUCTUREFUNCTIONWHAT ARE THESE STRUCTURES DOING WHILE YOU ARE RIDING A BICYCLE?CEREBRUM“Human Brain”**Features are unique to humans and primates. These areas allow for more complex tasks of intellect, memory and abstraction.The cerebrum is the largest and most complex part of the human brain. It is divided into 2 hemispheres and 4 lobes and is covered by the cerebral cortex.FRONTAL LOBELocation: Front of the brain; underneath the forehead; largest lobePrefrontal CortexPrimary Motor CortexBroca’s AreaTEMPORAL LOBELocation: Just behind the temples; below the parietal lobeAuditory CortexWernicke’s AreaPARIETAL LOBELocation: Top of the head; between the frontal & occipital lobes Somatosensory StripOCCIPITAL LOBELocation: Toward the back of the brain; at the base of the cortexVisual Cortex ................
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