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5995035-415290Nervous System Notes Part 2: Brain & Divisions of NSQuestionsNotesWhat are the 2 major divisions in the nervous system?What 2 organs make up the CNS?What 3 structures protect the brain & spinal cord?What is meningitis?What is hydrocephalus?What are the 4 regions of the brain?Name the lobes found in the cerebrum.Where is the diencephalon located?Describe the brain stem.What is the function of the spinal cord?What is another name for CVA?Describe Alzheimer’s disease.What structures make up the peripheral nervous system?What are the 2 major divisions if the PNS?How are impulses transmitted in the sensory & motor divisions?What activities are regulated by the somatic & autonomic system? What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system?Which system is responsible for reflexes?What is the pathway an reflex impulse travels?How is homeostasis maintained?III. Divisions of the Nervous System2383155254000The human nervous system has __________ major divisions:A. Central Nervous System (CNS) ____________________ of the bodyThe central nervous system relays messages, processes information, and analyzes information.Made of two parts:i. _______________ Impulses flow to and from the brain100 billion neurons, mainly ___________________ii. ___________________Main _____________________________ between brain and the rest of the bodyProcesses information such as ___________________Protection of the CNSBrain and spinal cord are protected by: a] ___________ - skull, and vertebraeb] _________________ - layers of connective tissue that surrounded the organsc] Cerebrospinal __________ – fluid found in between meninges and organActs as a shock absorberContinually circulates around the brainDISEASE: Meningitis Inflammation of the meninges Can be caused by an viral , bacterial or microorganism infectionCauses headaches, neck stiffness, confusion, sensitivity to light and soundCan be life threatening 3455670297815DISEASE: Hydrocephalus (“water on the brain”)Accumulation of CSF in the brainExerts pressure on the brain causing brain damage2. Regions of the Brain (Four Regions: Cerebral Hemispheres, Diencephalon, Brain Stem, Cerebellum)a. ____________________________ (Cerebrum)Left and right hemispheresLeft brain – logic, language, mathRight brain – creativity, intuition, art, musicConnected by the _______________________ (communication link between left and rightThe surface is made of ridges (________) and grooves (_______)Fissures (deep grooves) divide the cerebrum into four lobes_____________ lobe: visual integrationParietal lobe – spatial knowledge, math______________ lobe – memories, auditory, languageFrontal lobe – emotion, future planning, judgment, muscle movement, language___________ System – involved in emotion, motivation, arousal, memory, and learningAmygdala - ___________Hippocampus - _____________ formationb. _____________________ Relay and control centerSits on top of the brain stemTwo main parts____________ - relay between sensory areas and cerebrum3639820-1809753526155-1994535_______________ - regulates involuntary responses and hormone secretions of the pituitary gland3046095173355d. _____________________ “_________________” inferior and posterior to cerebral cortexCoordination, posture, motor learning00d. _____________________ “_________________” inferior and posterior to cerebral cortexCoordination, posture, motor learningc. _______________________________ brain to the spinal cordParts of the brain stemMidbrain – vision, hearing, motor controlPons – breathing, sleepMedulla oblongata – involuntary activity(breathing, heart rate, blood pressure) Spinal CordCylinder of nervous tissue that begins at the _________ of the brainProtected by the vertebral column & meninges Spinal nerves extend from the cord through each vertebraeMain __________________ link between the brain and rest of bodyTraumatic Brain Injuries & DiseasesConcussion, Contusion, Cerebral edemaCerebrovascular Accident (CVA) Commonly called a strokeThe result of a blocked or ruptured blood vessel supplying a region of the brainBrain tissue supplied with oxygen from that blood source diesLoss of some functions or death may resultAlzheimer’s DiseaseProgressive degenerative brain diseaseMostly seen in the elderly, but may begin in middle ageStructural changes in the brain include abnormal protein deposits and twisted fibers within neuronsVictims experience memory loss, irritability, confusion, hallucinations and death3278505310515Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)The peripheral nervous system is made up of all the __________ and ___________ (nerve cell bodies) that carry messages between the body and the central nervous system (CNS)Receives information from the environment and transmits commands from CNS to organs and glandsContains mostly ________________ and ___________________ neuronsDivisions of the PNS747395331470Sensory Division Motor Division Somatic NS Autonomic NS SympatheticParasympatheticSensory Division Motor Division Somatic NS Autonomic NS SympatheticParasympatheticSensory divisionMotor divisiontransmits impulses from ____________ organs to the central nervous systemtransmits impulses from the central nervous system to the muscles or glandsMotor Division is subdivided into 2 divisionsSomaticAutonomicRegulates activities that are under ________________ controlExample: movement of muscles (wiggle toe)Involved in _______________ (quick, automatic response to stimulus)Regulates activities that are _______________ or involuntaryExample: heart rateConsists of only motor nervesAutonomic Division is subdivided into 2 divisionsSympathetic divisionParasympathetic division“______________________”Takes over to increase activitiesRemember as the “_____” division = exercise, excitement, emergency, and embarrassmentHousekeeping activitiesConserves energyMaintains daily necessary body functionsRemember as the “___” division = digestion, defecation, and diuresis (urination)Peripheral Nervous System & ReflexesThe peripheral nervous system is also involved in reflexes.291909545085A _____________ is a quick and unconscious response to a stimulusThe _____________________ ___________ with reflexes. The impulse travels up sensory neurons, to the spinal cord (interneuron), then immediately travels down motor neurons for a response. The pathway the impulse travels is called the _____________________ _______________ (sense organ) _______________ neuron ____________________ ___________ neuron ______________ (muscle)Internal CommunicationInternal communication is critical to _____________________________. Sensory neurons are constantly sending information to the brain about the internal environment.The __________________________ by sending signals through the motor neurons to maintain ______________________.Learning GoalsCompare and contrast the CNS and PNS in terms of their structures and functions.Describe the four lobes of the brain and what types of activities each pare and contrast the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic NS.Explain the importance of a reflex and how reflexes can occurs so quickly. ................
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