Bush’s Trip: BRAZIL
|Parallel Timelines of Brazilian Political History* and Lula da Silva** |
|(*) - Political history of Brazil timeline modified from timeline provided by the BBC. |
|(**) - Lula’s timeline build up based in Alves, Brito. A História de Lula: O operário presidente. Espaço e Tempo: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, |
|2003; Dantas, Jr., Altino. Lula sem Censura:e aí a peãozada partiu pro pau. Editora Vozes: Petrópolis, Brazil, 1981; Morel, Mário. Lula o |
|Metalúrgico: Anatomia de uma Liderança. Editoria Nova Fronteira: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1981; Paraná, Denise. Lula, o Filho do Brasil. |
|Editora Fundação Perseu Abramo: São Paulo, Brazil, 2002. |
| | | |
|Revolt places Getúlio Vargas at head of provisional |1930 | |
|revolutionary government. | | |
| | | |
|Vargas leads coup, rules as dictator with military backing. |1937 | |
|Economy placed under authoritarian state control, start of | | |
|social welfare revolution and reform of laws governing | | |
|industry. | | |
| | | |
|Brazil initially declares itself neutral but in 1943 joins |1939 | |
|Allies in World War II. | | |
| | | |
|Vargas ousted in military coup. Elections held under |1945 |September: Lula's father leaves his family to move to the |
|caretaker government. New constitution returns power to | |state of Sao Paulo. |
|states. | | |
| | |October 27: Lula is born in Garanhuns, in the countryside of|
| | |Pernambuco, the seventh son of poor peasants. |
| | | |
| |1950 |Lula finally meets his father. |
| | | |
|Vargas elected president, but faces stiff opposition. |1951 | |
| | | |
| |1952 |Lula's family immigrates to the town of Santos in Sao Paulo |
| | |state in a 13-day truck ride. |
| | | |
| | |Lula gets his first job selling peanuts and oranges as a |
| | |street vendor and enters primary school. |
| | | |
|Vargas commits suicide after military gives him the options |1954 | |
|of resigning or being overthrown. | | |
| | | |
| |1955-56 |Lula's mother leaves his father and moves the family to Sao |
| | |Paulo (city). |
| | | |
|Juscelino Kubitschek is president, helping Brazil achieve |1956-61 | |
|rapid economic growth. | | |
| | | |
|Kubitschek moves capital to Brasilia. |1960 |Lula enters the SENAI and starts his training as a |
| | |metallurgist. |
| | | |
| | |Lula participates in his first strike. |
| | | |
|Janio Quadros elected president, but resigns after several | | |
|months, plunging country into constitutional crisis. | | |
|Succeeded by left-wing vice-president Joao Goulart. | | |
| | | |
|Goulart ousted in bloodless coup, flees into exile. Military|1964 | |
|rule associated with repression but also with rapid economic| | |
|growth based on state-ownership of key sectors. | | |
| | | |
| | |Lula joins the metallurgist labor union. |
| | | |
| |1969 |Lula is nominated by his brother 'Friar Chico' to join the |
| | |board of directors of the metallurgist labor union of Sao |
| | |Bernardo do Campo e Diadema. |
| | | |
| | |Lula is married to Maria de Lourdes. |
| | | |
| |1971 |Lula's wife dies of hepatitis in the eighth month of |
| | |pregnancy. This sends Lula into a three-year stage of |
| | |depression. |
| | | |
| |1972 |Lula is re-elected to the board of directors of the union |
| | |and becomes the First Secretary, the number two leadership |
| | |position. |
| | | |
|General Ernesto Geisel becomes president, introduces reforms|1974 |Lula marries his second wife, Marisa Leticia. |
|which allow limited political activity and elections. | | |
| | | |
| | |Lula loses a finger in a work accident. |
| | | |
| |1975 |Lula is elected president of the labor union and creates the|
| | |'New Syndicalism'. |
| | | |
| | |Lula is invited by Toyota to visit some factories in Japan. |
| | |The militaries suspect him of espionage and arrest and |
| | |torture his Communist brother 'Friar Chico', inspiring the |
| | |beginning of Lula's political activism on the large scale. |
| | | |
| |1978 |Lula is re-elected president of the union with 98% of the |
| | |votes. |
| | | |
| | |Lula leads his first strike. One hour after the strike |
| | |begins, he learns of his father's death. |
| | | |
| |1979 |First unified strike of the metallurgic labor unions under |
| | |Lula. The Labor Ministry considers the strike illegal and |
| | |removes Lula from the directorship for two months. |
| | | |
| |1980 |February: Lula and others found the Brazilian Labor party, |
| | |PT (Partida dos Trabalhadores) |
| | | |
| | |April: Lula leads the longest general strike of the |
| | |metallurgists, 41 days. Lula is arrested for 31 days for |
| | |threatening national security. |
| | | |
| |1981 |Lula is condemned to 3 1/2 years of prison by the military |
| | |justice. He appeals the decision and his imprisonment is |
| | |postponed. |
| | | |
| | |First election in which the PT participates; PT elects 8 |
| | |federal representatives, 12 state representatives and 78 |
| | |county representatives in the state of Sao Paulo. Lula runs |
| | |for governor and loses. |
| | | |
|Brazil halts payment of its main foreign debt, which is |1982 |April: Lula's sentence is repealed by the Superior military |
|among the world's biggest. | |court. |
| | | |
| |1983 |With other union directors, Lula founds the Central Union of|
| | |Workers (CUT), a national federation of unions. |
| | | |
|The 'Diretas Já' campaign pushed for the return of direct | | |
|presidential elections, bringing together many of the major | | |
|players of the post-dictatorship era. | | |
| | | |
|Tancredo Neves elected first civilian president in 21 years |1985 |Lula is elected as congressman to the Brazilian lower house,|
|under the electoral college system set up by the military, | |garnering the most votes of any candidate. |
|but falls ill before he can be inaugurated and dies shortly | | |
|afterwards. His vice president Jose Sarney becomes president| | |
|at time of economic crisis, with inflation at 300%. | | |
| | | |
|Sarney introduces Cruzado Plan, freezing prices and wages in|1986 | |
|effort to control inflation. But inflation explodes when | | |
|freeze is lifted. | | |
| | | |
|New constitution reduces presidential powers. |1988 | |
| | | |
|Fernando Collor de Mello elected president. Introduces |1989 |Lula runs for president for the first time in the first |
|radical economic reform including opening up of economy to | |direct election since the dictatorship and loses to Collor |
|imports, privatisation and a controversial freeze on savings| |in the second round. |
|and bank accounts. His promised economic improvements fail | | |
|to materialise, and by 1991 inflation reaches 1,500%. | | |
|Foreign debt payments suspended. | | |
| | | |
|Earth Summit in Rio. Collor resigns after being accused of |1992 | |
|corruption. He is later cleared. Replaced by vice president | | |
|Itamar Franco. | | |
| | | |
| |1993 |Lula begins his 'Citizenship Convoy' to the northeast to |
| | |publicize the poverty of the countryside. |
| | | |
|Fernando Henrique Cardoso elected president after helping to|1994 |Lula runs for president again and loses in the first round |
|bring inflation under control. He also makes controversial | |to Cardoso. |
|moves on land issue, such as seizing land for distribution | | |
|among poor, and allowing indigenous land claims to be | | |
|challenged in court. | | |
| | | |
|Police kill 19 Amazon peasants in town of Eldorado dos |1996 | |
|Carajás. | | |
| | | |
|Constitution changed to allow president to run for |1997 | |
|re-election. | | |
| | | |
|Cardoso re-elected. IMF provides rescue package after |1998 |Lula runs for president again and again loses in the first |
|economy hit by collapse of Asian stock markets. | |round to Cardoso. |
| | | |
|Celebrations to mark Brazil's 500th anniversary marred by |2000 | |
|protests by indigenous Indians, who say that racial | | |
|genocide, forced labour and disease have dramatically cut | | |
|their population from an estimated 5 million before the | | |
|Portuguese arrived in 1500 to the current 350,000. | | |
| | | |
|Government says it is prepared to make changes to a |2001 | |
|development programme which critics say would have a | | |
|catastrophic impact on the Amazon. Under the scheme, the | | |
|Brazilian government expects to spend $40bn over seven years| | |
|on highways, railways, hydroelectric projects and housing in| | |
|the Amazon basin. | | |
| | | |
|President Cardoso abolishes two government development | | |
|agencies for the Amazon and the north-east of the country. | | |
|The authorities say the agencies set up bogus projects in | | |
|order to steal development funds estimated at more than $1 | | |
|billion. | | |
| | | |
|Members of the Landless Workers Movement, demanding land |Mar. 2002 | |
|reform, occupy President Cardoso's family ranch. | | |
| | | |
|Fans jubilant as Brazil triumphs in World Cup - the |Jun. 2002 | |
|football-mad country's fifth such victory. | | |
| | | |
|Currency hits all-time low and financial markets panic over |Jul. 2002 | |
|the prospect of left-winger Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva | | |
|winning October's presidential elections. | | |
| | | |
|Lula wins presidential election |Oct. 2002 |Lula runs for the fourth time and wins the presidential |
| | |election in the second round with the largest amount of |
| | |votes for a presidential candidate in Brazilian history. |
| | | |
|Space rocket explodes on the ground at the Alcantara launch |Aug. 2003 | |
|base, killing 21 people. | | |
| | | |
|Wave of land invasions, dubbed "Red April" by activists. |Apr. 2004 | |
| | | |
|U.N. Security Council launches the United Nations | | |
|Stabilization Mission In Haiti (MINUSTAH) with Brazil being | | |
|designated mission coordinator. | | |
| | | |
| |Aug. 2004 |Lula arrange with the FIFA a match between the Brazilian and|
| | |the Haitian soccer teams in Haitian Capital, Port-au-Prince |
| | | |
|Brazil, along with Germany, India and Japan, launches an |Sept. 2004 | |
|application for a permanent seat on the U.N. Security | | |
|Council. | | |
| | | |
|Brazil launches its first space rocket. |Oct. 2004 | |
| | | |
|Murder of U.S.-born missionary and campaigner for Amazon |Feb. 2005 | |
|peasant farmers Dorothy Stang throws conflict over land and | | |
|resources in Amazon into spotlight. Government unveils plan | | |
|to protect part of region from encroachment. | | |
| | | |
|Death squad kills at least 30 people on the outskirts of Rio|Mar. 2005 | |
|de Janeiro, the city's worst massacre in over a decade. It | | |
|is suggested that rogue police are responsible. | | |
| | | |
|Corruption allegations rock the governing Workers' Party. A |Jun. 2005 |Lula makes a televised apology on behalf of his party. |
|wave of resignations ensues. | | |
| | | |
|Voters in a referendum reject a proposal to ban the sale of |Oct. 2005 | |
|firearms. | | |
| | | |
|The military commander of MINUSTAH, the Brazilian Gal. Urano|Sept. 2005 | |
|Texeira da Matta Bacellar, commits suicide in | | |
|Port-au-Prince. | | |
| | | |
|Scores of people are killed in gang attacks and a police |May 2006 | |
|backlash in Sao Paulo state. The violence is sparked by a | | |
|series of prison uprisings. | | |
| | | |
| |Oct. 2006 |Lula is re-elected in the second round. |
| | | |
| |Dec. 2006 |Lula authorizes the use women on the military in Haiti. That|
| | |was the first time that Brazil sent women soldiers to a |
| | |peacemaking mission. |
| | | |
|U.N. Security Council Extend the MINUSTAH for eight months. |Feb. 2007 | |
| | | |
|Brazil, U.S., E.U., China, India and South Africa launched |Mar. 2007 |Lula gathers with U.S. President George W. Bush in Sao Paulo|
|the International Biofuels Forum at the U.N. headquarter in | |and set the terms for an international agreement aimed at |
|New York. | |the promotion of the ethanol market. The agreement becomes a|
| | |memorandum that was ultimately signed by the ministries of |
| | |foreign affairs of both countries several days later. |
| | | |
| | |Just 23 days after their meeting in Brazil, Lula meets with |
| | |President Bush in Washington, DC. |
| | | |
| |
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