84 THINGS YOU MUST KNOW FOR THE EOC
80 THINGS YOU MUST KNOW FOR THE EOG!
POETRY & LITERARY TERMS
1. simile -- shows a comparison between two unlike things by the use of such words as like, as, as if, than
(He eats like a bird)
2. metaphor -- an implied comparison of two different things, accomplished by saying that one thing IS the other
thing (Your life is a long winding road)
3. personification—words that give human qualities to non-human things (The car aimed ahead its parking lights)
4. hyperbole -- a deliberate exaggeration in order to make a point (I’m so hungry I could eat a horse!)
5. oxymoron -- a figure of speech that combines two opposite ideas (sweet sorrow, jumbo shrimp, feather of lead)
6. onomatopoeia -- using a word whose sound imitates or suggests its meaning (swoosh, buzz, yelp, sizzle)
7. alliteration -- the repetition of similar consonant sounds (Sue sells sea shells down by the seashore)
8. figurative language—language that is not intended to be taken in the literal sense (metaphor, simile, hyperbole, idiom,
personification; all these fall into the category of figurative language)
9. idiom -- an expression with meaning other than the literal (It’s raining cats and dogs)
10. imagery -- language that appeals to any sense or a combination (visual, hearing, smell, touch, etc.)
11. speaker -- the person who is narrating (telling the story) to you
12. meter -- a generally regular pattern of stressed & unstressed syllables in poetry
13. assonance -- repetition of vowel sounds (How now brown cow; The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain)
14. consonance -- repetition of consonant sounds (like alliteration, but without the requirement that the sounds fall at
the beginning of each successive word)
15. stanza -- two or more lines grouped together in a poem
16. rhythm -- a pattern of reoccurrence in a poem, happens regularly
TYPES OF POETRY
17. sonnet -- a 14-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter in an established rhyme scheme
18. lyric poem -- a highly musical verse that expresses observations & feelings of a single speaker
19. free verse -- poetry not written in a regular rhythmical pattern or meter
20. haiku -- a 3-line verse form; the 1st & 3rd lines each have 5 syllables; the 2nd line has 7 syllables
21. ballad -- a songlike poem that tells a story, often one dealing with adventure, romance, and/or death
22. narrative poem—a poem that tells a story
23. limerick -- a 5-line poem (which is usually funny); the 1st, 2nd, & 5th lines rhyme and the 3rd & 4th lines rhyme
STORY AND DRAMA TERMS; TYPES OF WRITING
24. dialect -- language specific to a region or group, identifiable by grammar, pronunciation or vocabulary
25. folklore -- a story used to show a particular culture’s beliefs, values, history, and myths
26. anecdote -- a brief story about an interesting, amusing, or strange event, told to make a point
27. drama -- a story acted out, usually on a stage, by actors who takes the parts of characters
28. myth -- a fictional tale that explains the actions of gods or the causes of natural phenomena (Why the
sun crosses the sky, for example)
29. dialogue -- conversation between two or more characters
30. monologue -- a long, uninterrupted speech on stage, spoken to others characters
31. bias -- prejudice, favoritism, unfair advantage
32. foreshadowing -- the use of hints or clues in a story which suggests an action that is to come
33. flashback -- a storytelling technique that “flashes back” to a previous incident in order to explain the present
34. symbolism -- using symbols to represent and alternate meaning
35. protagonist -- the main character in a story; the story’s hero; the “good guy”
36. antagonist -- a character or force in the story in conflict with the main character
37. analogy -- like a simile or metaphor, but it goes further (in length) to compare one thing or event to another
38. allusion -- a reference in one piece of literature made to another work of literature (Charge of The Light Brigade
reference to the Crimean War)
39. memoir -- an account of personal experiences, autobiography
40. editorial -- an article stating an opinion, normally found in a newspaper or magazine
41. essay -- a short nonfiction work about a particular subject, often giving an opinion
42. theme -- the main point, lesson, or moral of a story
43. tone -- the author’s attitude toward the subject written about
44. mood -- the feeling created in the reader by a literary work or passage
45. conflict -- a struggle between two opposing forces or characters in a story
46. rising action -- a series of conflicts in the story which leads to the climax
47. climax -- the turning point or point of highest interest in a story; the point of “no turning back”
48. falling action -- action that occurs in the plot after the climax
49. resolution -- the end of the central conflict
50. audience -- the reader, viewer, or listener
51. prologue -- a beginning speech or introduction to a literary work (play, novel, short story, etc.)
52. epilogue -- a concluding or summarizing statement following the main body of a work
53. synopsis -- a brief summary of an event or of writing
54. irony -- a contrast between what you expect to happen and what actually does happen
THE POINTS-OF-VIEW IN STORY-TELLING:
55. 1ST-person narrator—the person telling the story is actually in the story (The narrator uses first-person pronouns of
I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours)
56. 3rd-person omniscient -- an all-knowing observer tells the story, describing all the characters and actions as well
as what these characters think and feel
57. 3rd-person limited -- a narrator who sees the world through only one person’s eyes and tells only
that one character’s thoughts
WORDS THAT JUST MIGHT APPEAR ON THE EOG:
58. genre -- a category of literature (fiction, poetry, drama, epic, short story, etc.)
59. plagiarism -- copying something (words) without giving credit to the author
60. context -- parts of a written or spoken statement that precede or follow a word or passage
61. dialect -- speech that represents a particular region or group; it is nonstandard, “imperfect” English
62. clarity -- clear; understandable
63. nostalgia -- a sentimental yearning for something in the past
64. cynical -- being distrustful of human nature and motives; extremely pessimistic
65. propaganda -- to publicly promote something, a product, policy, cause, or idea
66. cliché -- a trite, overused expression or phrase (She is as cute as a button)
67. trace -- to outline
68. synonym -- a word that has nearly the same meaning as another word
69. antonym -- an opposite, a word which means the opposite of another word (light and dark)
70. analyze -- to break something down
71. infer -- read between the lines for meaning
72. evaluate -- to judge
73. formulate -- to build or create something
74. describe -- to tell about something
75. support -- to back something up with evidence
76. explain -- to tell why
77. summarize -- the short version, main ideas
78. compare -- how things are alike
79. contrast -- how things are different
80. predict -- the future, what will happen
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