What were the reasons responsible for the breakup of the ...
What were the reasons responsible for the breakup of the Soviet Union?
• Widespread nationalism.
- Soviet Union was made up of 15 republics
- Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia (1941/42) and Georgia wanted to breakaway to introduce their own reforms and own independence
- Gorbachev would not allow
- Use force and then later decided against it. (Lithuania and Latvia)
• Glasnost and perestroika led to more misery for the people
- reforms not far reaching enough
- yak… debating society
- lack of food, basic goods, inflation
• Radical reformers – Boris Yeltsin
- privatization of ALL industries
- became very appealing.
• Final Blow: Coup d’etat by hardcore conservative communists who arrested Gorbachev
- discredited communism totally.
- People rallied behind yeltsin and democracy, calling for Gorby to be freed. Troops refuse to obey.
What were the effects of Glasnost and Perestroika on Eastern Europe?
Eastern Europe – Glasnost takes the form of refusal to intervene in the internal affairs of Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe – Perestroika takes the form of encouraging the opening of borders with the West – Hungary, East Germany.
• Free-elections and calls for more democracy in Eastern Europe.
- Hungary 1956 and Czechslovakia 1968 – Soviet Union/ Warsaw pact troopps
- Eg. Poland – 1st free elections and 1st non communist government
• Refugee problem
- Hungary opens the flood gates an borders
- East Germans rush there
- Brain drain
• Fall of the Berlin Wall and reunification of East and West Germany
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