Supplementary Information
Supplementary InformationTable S1. Composition of the EISs evaluated for each jurisdiction by types of developments considered.JurisdictionPercentage of EISs (sample size in brackets)AgricultureEnergyFishingManufacturingMarine ConstructionMiningOil and GasTourismTransportationWater ManagementBritish Columbia030 (3)00030 (3)40 (4)000California040 (4)0020 (2)020 (2)10 (1)10 (1)0Veracruz020 (2)0010 (1)030 (3)020 (2)20 (2)Brazil040 (4)0010 (1)20 (2)10 (1)020 (2)0England and Wales090 (9)00000010 (1)0Queensland9 (1)009 (1)055 (6)9 (1)018 (2)0New Zealand014 (1)14 (1)0000072 (5)0Table S2. List of species selected and associated area measurements (in km2). Regulatory Regimespecies of concernscientific namerange (km2)Area MeasurementResourceBritish Columbiagrizzly bearUrsus arctos791044area of occupancyBC Species and Ecosystem Explorer1British Columbiamountain goatOreamnos americanus693000area of occupancyBC Species and Ecosystem Explorer1British Columbiasilverhaired batLasionycteris noctivagans683352extent of occurrenceBC Species and Ecosystem Explorer1British Columbiawestern toadAnaxyrus boreas755788area of occupancyBC Species and Ecosystem Explorer1British Columbiasteelhead troutOncorhynchus mykiss399409extent of occurrenceBC Species and Ecosystem Explorer1British Columbianorthern caribouRangifer tarandus caribou180000extent of occurrenceBC Species and Ecosystem Explorer1CaliforniaNelson's Antelope squirrelAmmospermophilus nelsoni26800extent of occurrenceCalifornia Department of Fish and Wildlife2CaliforniaRufous sided towheePipilo erythrophthalmus4700extent of occurrenceCalifornia Department of Fish and Wildlife2Californiawestern fence lizardSceloporus occidentalis89500extent of occurrenceCalifornia Department of Fish and Wildlife2Californiawestern snowy ploverCharadrius alexandrinus nivosus58900extent of occurrenceCalifornia Department of Fish and Wildlife2Californiabelding's savannah sparrowPasserculus sandwichensis?beldingi1000extent of occurrenceCalifornia Department of Fish and Wildlife2Californiacalifornia brown pelicanPelecanus occidentalis californicus129200extent of occurrenceCalifornia Department of Fish and Wildlife2VeracruzSwainson's hawkButeo swainsoni612300extent of occurrenceConabio3Veracruzscissor tailed flycatcherTyrannus forficatus424900extent of occurrenceConabio3Veracruzred lored amazonAmazona autumnalis220600extent of occurrenceConabio3Veracruznorthern crested caracaraCaracara cheriway1271800extent of occurrenceConabio3VeracruzMorelet's crocodileCrocodylus moreletii396455area of occupancyConabio3Veracruzreddish egretEgretta rufescens315300extent of occurrenceConabio3BrazilBrazilian three banded armadilloTolypeutes tricinctus1066200extent of occurrenceICMBIO4Brazilpampas deerOzotoceros bezoarticus30000area of occupancyICMBIO4Brazilmaned three toed slothBradypus torquatus133300extent of occurrenceICMBIO4Brazilsouthern brown howler monkeyAlouatta guariba clamitans858600extent of occurrenceICMBIO4BrazilRufous gnateaterConopophaga lineata6000extent of occurrenceICMBIO4BrazilPlain XenopsXenops minutus2000area of occupancyICMBIO4England and WalesGreater horseshoe batRhinolophus ferrumequinum50543extent of occurrenceJoint Nature Conservation Committee5England and Waleswater voleArvicola amphibius7780extent of occurrenceJoint Nature Conservation Committee5England and Walessmoothe snakeCoronella austriaca4289extent of occurrenceJoint Nature Conservation Committee5England and Walessand lizardLacerta agilis8850extent of occurrenceJoint Nature Conservation Committee5England and WalesDormouseMuscardinus avellanarius77731extent of occurrenceJoint Nature Conservation Committee5England and WalesBechstein's batMyotis bechsteinii31850extent of occurrenceJoint Nature Conservation Committee5Queenslandblack throated finchPoephila cincta cincta5000area of occupancyAustralian Government Department of Environment6Queenslandred goshawkErythrotriorchis radiatus200000area of occupancyAustralian Government Department of Environment6Queenslandregent honeyeaterAnthochaera phrygia600000extent of occurrenceAustralian Government Department of Environment6QueenslandSquatter pigeon (southern distribution)Geophaps scripta10000area of occupancyAustralian Government Department of Environment6Queenslandlarge eared pied batChalinolobus dwyer9120area of occupancyAustralian Government Department of Environment6Queenslandborder thick tailed geckoUvidicolus sphyrurus1000area of occupancyAustralian Government Department of Environment6New ZealandNew Zealand pigeonHemiphaga novaeseelandiae669000extent of occurrence IUCN7New Zealandgrey warblerGerygone igata721000extent of occurrence IUCN7New Zealandparadise shelduckTadorna variegata670000extent of occurrence IUCN7New Zealandgiant kokopuGalaxias argenteus348area of occupancyIUCN7New ZealandwrybillAnarhynchus frontalis23000extent of occurrenceIUCN7New ZealandNew Zealand bush falconFalco novaeseelandiae428000extent of occurrenceIUCN71 3 S3. 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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 1450gold and arsenic ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Khaska</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>55</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">37</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>55</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z5parwddq2f0emewrpwxtrryds9xw02xfwd9">55</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Khaska, Mahmoud</author><author>La Salle, Corinne Le Gal</author><author>Verdoux, Patrick</author><author>Boutin, René</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Tracking natural and anthropogenic origins of dissolved arsenic during surface and groundwater interaction in a post-closure mining context: Isotopic constraints</title><secondary-title>Journal of contaminant hydrology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of contaminant hydrology</full-title></periodical><pages>122-135</pages><volume>177</volume><dates><year>2015</year></dates><isbn>0169-7722</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>378lead and zinc ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Casiot</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>56</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">38</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>56</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z5parwddq2f0emewrpwxtrryds9xw02xfwd9">56</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Casiot, Corinne</author><author>Egal, Marion</author><author>Elbaz-Poulichet, Fran?oise</author><author>Bruneel, Odile</author><author>Bancon-Montigny, Chrystelle</author><author>Cordier, Marie-Ange</author><author>Gomez, Elena</author><author>Aliaume, Catherine</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Hydrological and geochemical control of metals and arsenic in a Mediterranean river contaminated by acid mine drainage (the Amous River, France); preliminary assessment of impacts on fish (Leuciscus cephalus)</title><secondary-title>Applied Geochemistry</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Applied Geochemistry</full-title><abbr-1>Appl. Geochem.</abbr-1></periodical><pages>787-799</pages><volume>24</volume><number>5</number><dates><year>2009</year></dates><isbn>0883-2927</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>3845Coal ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Lupton</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>57</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">39</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>57</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z5parwddq2f0emewrpwxtrryds9xw02xfwd9">57</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lupton, Mary Kay</author><author>Rojas, Claudia</author><author>Drohan, Patrick</author><author>Bruns, Mary Ann</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Vegetation and Soil Development in Compost‐Amended Iron Oxide Precipitates at a 50‐Year‐Old Acid Mine Drainage Barrens</title><secondary-title>Restoration Ecology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Restoration Ecology</full-title></periodical><pages>320-328</pages><volume>21</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>2013</year></dates><isbn>1526-100X</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>3962Coal ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Skousen</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>58</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">40</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>58</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z5parwddq2f0emewrpwxtrryds9xw02xfwd9">58</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Skousen, Jeff</author><author>McDonald, Louis</author><author>Mack, Ben</author><author>Demchak, J</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Water quality from above-drainage underground mines over a 35-year period</title><secondary-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</full-title></periodical><pages>2044-2054</pages><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>4050Coal ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Skousen</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>58</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">40</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>58</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z5parwddq2f0emewrpwxtrryds9xw02xfwd9">58</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Skousen, Jeff</author><author>McDonald, Louis</author><author>Mack, Ben</author><author>Demchak, J</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Water quality from above-drainage underground mines over a 35-year period</title><secondary-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</full-title></periodical><pages>2044-2054</pages><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>4065Coal ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Skousen</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>58</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">40</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>58</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z5parwddq2f0emewrpwxtrryds9xw02xfwd9">58</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Skousen, Jeff</author><author>McDonald, Louis</author><author>Mack, Ben</author><author>Demchak, J</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Water quality from above-drainage underground mines over a 35-year period</title><secondary-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</full-title></periodical><pages>2044-2054</pages><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>4065Coal ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Skousen</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>58</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">40</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>58</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z5parwddq2f0emewrpwxtrryds9xw02xfwd9">58</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Skousen, Jeff</author><author>McDonald, Louis</author><author>Mack, Ben</author><author>Demchak, J</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Water quality from above-drainage underground mines over a 35-year period</title><secondary-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</full-title></periodical><pages>2044-2054</pages><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>4060Coal ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Skousen</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>58</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">40</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>58</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z5parwddq2f0emewrpwxtrryds9xw02xfwd9">58</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Skousen, Jeff</author><author>McDonald, Louis</author><author>Mack, Ben</author><author>Demchak, J</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Water quality from above-drainage underground mines over a 35-year period</title><secondary-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</full-title></periodical><pages>2044-2054</pages><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>4055Coal ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Skousen</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>58</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">40</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>58</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z5parwddq2f0emewrpwxtrryds9xw02xfwd9">58</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Skousen, Jeff</author><author>McDonald, Louis</author><author>Mack, Ben</author><author>Demchak, J</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Water quality from above-drainage underground mines over a 35-year period</title><secondary-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</full-title></periodical><pages>2044-2054</pages><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>4055Coal ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Skousen</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>58</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">40</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>58</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z5parwddq2f0emewrpwxtrryds9xw02xfwd9">58</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Skousen, Jeff</author><author>McDonald, Louis</author><author>Mack, Ben</author><author>Demchak, J</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Water quality from above-drainage underground mines over a 35-year period</title><secondary-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</full-title></periodical><pages>2044-2054</pages><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>4053Coal ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Skousen</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>58</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">40</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>58</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z5parwddq2f0emewrpwxtrryds9xw02xfwd9">58</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Skousen, Jeff</author><author>McDonald, Louis</author><author>Mack, Ben</author><author>Demchak, J</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Water quality from above-drainage underground mines over a 35-year period</title><secondary-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</full-title></periodical><pages>2044-2054</pages><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>4055Coal ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Skousen</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>58</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">40</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>58</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z5parwddq2f0emewrpwxtrryds9xw02xfwd9">58</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Skousen, Jeff</author><author>McDonald, Louis</author><author>Mack, Ben</author><author>Demchak, J</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Water quality from above-drainage underground mines over a 35-year period</title><secondary-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</full-title></periodical><pages>2044-2054</pages><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>4055Coal ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Skousen</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>58</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">40</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>58</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z5parwddq2f0emewrpwxtrryds9xw02xfwd9">58</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Skousen, Jeff</author><author>McDonald, Louis</author><author>Mack, Ben</author><author>Demchak, J</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Water quality from above-drainage underground mines over a 35-year period</title><secondary-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</full-title></periodical><pages>2044-2054</pages><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>4065Coal ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Skousen</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>58</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">40</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>58</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z5parwddq2f0emewrpwxtrryds9xw02xfwd9">58</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Skousen, Jeff</author><author>McDonald, Louis</author><author>Mack, Ben</author><author>Demchak, J</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Water quality from above-drainage underground mines over a 35-year period</title><secondary-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</full-title></periodical><pages>2044-2054</pages><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>4055Coal ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Skousen</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>58</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">40</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>58</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z5parwddq2f0emewrpwxtrryds9xw02xfwd9">58</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Skousen, Jeff</author><author>McDonald, Louis</author><author>Mack, Ben</author><author>Demchak, J</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Water quality from above-drainage underground mines over a 35-year period</title><secondary-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</full-title></periodical><pages>2044-2054</pages><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>4052Coal ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Skousen</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>58</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">40</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>58</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z5parwddq2f0emewrpwxtrryds9xw02xfwd9">58</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Skousen, Jeff</author><author>McDonald, Louis</author><author>Mack, Ben</author><author>Demchak, J</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Water quality from above-drainage underground mines over a 35-year period</title><secondary-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</full-title></periodical><pages>2044-2054</pages><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>4070Coal ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Skousen</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>58</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">40</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>58</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z5parwddq2f0emewrpwxtrryds9xw02xfwd9">58</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Skousen, Jeff</author><author>McDonald, Louis</author><author>Mack, Ben</author><author>Demchak, J</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Water quality from above-drainage underground mines over a 35-year period</title><secondary-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</full-title></periodical><pages>2044-2054</pages><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>4070Coal ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Skousen</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>58</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">40</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>58</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z5parwddq2f0emewrpwxtrryds9xw02xfwd9">58</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Skousen, Jeff</author><author>McDonald, Louis</author><author>Mack, Ben</author><author>Demchak, J</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Water quality from above-drainage underground mines over a 35-year period</title><secondary-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</full-title></periodical><pages>2044-2054</pages><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>4055Coal ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Skousen</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>58</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">40</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>58</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z5parwddq2f0emewrpwxtrryds9xw02xfwd9">58</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Skousen, Jeff</author><author>McDonald, Louis</author><author>Mack, Ben</author><author>Demchak, J</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Water quality from above-drainage underground mines over a 35-year period</title><secondary-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</full-title></periodical><pages>2044-2054</pages><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>4058Coal ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Skousen</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>58</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">40</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>58</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z5parwddq2f0emewrpwxtrryds9xw02xfwd9">58</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Skousen, Jeff</author><author>McDonald, Louis</author><author>Mack, Ben</author><author>Demchak, J</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Water quality from above-drainage underground mines over a 35-year period</title><secondary-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</full-title></periodical><pages>2044-2054</pages><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>4065Coal ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Skousen</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>58</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">40</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>58</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z5parwddq2f0emewrpwxtrryds9xw02xfwd9">58</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Skousen, Jeff</author><author>McDonald, Louis</author><author>Mack, Ben</author><author>Demchak, J</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Water quality from above-drainage underground mines over a 35-year period</title><secondary-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</full-title></periodical><pages>2044-2054</pages><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>4070Coal ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Skousen</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>58</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">40</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>58</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z5parwddq2f0emewrpwxtrryds9xw02xfwd9">58</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Skousen, Jeff</author><author>McDonald, Louis</author><author>Mack, Ben</author><author>Demchak, J</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Water quality from above-drainage underground mines over a 35-year period</title><secondary-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</full-title></periodical><pages>2044-2054</pages><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>4053Coal ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Skousen</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>58</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">40</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>58</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z5parwddq2f0emewrpwxtrryds9xw02xfwd9">58</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Skousen, Jeff</author><author>McDonald, Louis</author><author>Mack, Ben</author><author>Demchak, J</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Water quality from above-drainage underground mines over a 35-year period</title><secondary-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation</full-title></periodical><pages>2044-2054</pages><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>4057Coal ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Lambert</Author><Year>2000</Year><RecNum>59</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">41</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>59</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z5parwddq2f0emewrpwxtrryds9xw02xfwd9">59</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lambert, Douglas C</author><author>Dzombak, David A</author><author>Aljoe, William W</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Evaluation of natural amelioration of acidic deep mine discharges in the Uniontown Syncline, Pennsylvania</title><secondary-title>Proc. of the 21st West Virginia Surface Mine Drainage Task Force Symp., Morgantown, WV</secondary-title></titles><pages>4-5</pages><dates><year>2000</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>4140Coal ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Lambert</Author><Year>2000</Year><RecNum>59</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">41</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>59</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="z5parwddq2f0emewrpwxtrryds9xw02xfwd9">59</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lambert, Douglas C</author><author>Dzombak, David A</author><author>Aljoe, William W</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Evaluation of natural amelioration of acidic deep mine discharges in the Uniontown Syncline, Pennsylvania</title><secondary-title>Proc. of the 21st West Virginia Surface Mine Drainage Task Force Symp., Morgantown, WV</secondary-title></titles><pages>4-5</pages><dates><year>2000</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>4165Table S4. A typology of consultation with stakeholders used in our study. Typology of Participation (adapted from Hughes 1998)Example1. Inform stakeholdersConsultant or extension worker appears in village and tells villagers that an irrigation scheme will be constructed to "improve" crop yield.2. Collect data from stakeholdersConsultant or extension worker appears in village and asks for information about their crops, and about seasonal water flows. Records their answers and leaves.3. Hear stakeholder viewsConsultant or extension worker explains that crop yields need to be improved, and that the government intends to build an irrigation scheme. They seek the views and responses of villagers (for example, how they feel it might increase soil erosion), and then leave.4. Respond to stakeholder concernsConsultants or extension workers inform villagers that they intend to construct an irrigation project. The consultants then facilitate the development of a village committee to discuss particular aspects of the project (such as minimizing soil erosion, downstream impacts on fisheries; or to agree on arrangement for water management).5. Stakeholders assess impactsLocal villagers identify their own needs, and external facilitators work with them to assist in finding solutions to potential negative impacts and improving positive effects. In some cases, new institutions will develop at the local level, which might then play a role in the management of their own project and its impacts. Villagers then have a real stake in maintaining structures or practices.6. Stakeholders self-mobilizeVillagers plan and identify their own irrigation structures, perhaps learning from experience in a nearby village. They may develop contacts with external institutions for resources and technical advice they need, but retain control over how resources are used.Table S5. Table of jurisdictions, relevant legislation, and links to legislation and guidance documents associated with each.JurisdictionLegislationLinksCalifornia California Environmental Quality Act (state) – 1970?Legislation and Official Guidance DocumentsPublic RegistryBritish Columbia Environmental Assessment Act (provincial) – 1994??LegislationOfficial Guidance DocumentsPublic RegistryQueensland Environmental Protection Act (state) – 1994LegislationSustainable Planning Act (state) – 2009Official Guidance Documents?? State Development and Public Works Organization Act (state) – 1971 Public RegistryNew Zealand (RMA)Resource Management Act – 1991 ??LegislationOfficial Guidance DocumentsPublic RegistryBrazil?? Constitui??o da República Federativa do Brasil – 1988 LegislationOfficial Guidance DocumentsPublic RegistryMexicoGeneral Law on Ecological Equilibrium and Environmental Protection 1988?LegislationOfficial Guidance DocumentsEngland and WalesDirective 2011/92/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council (union) – 2011Town and County Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2011LegislationOfficial Guidance DocumentsSupplementary Literature Cited37.D. P. Lawrence, Environmental Impact Assessment Review 27, 755 (2007).38.A. Canty, B. Ripley. (2015).39.B. Tummers. (2006).40.M. Abràmoff, P. Magalh?es, S. Ram, Biophotonics International 11, 36 (2004).41.R. Hughes, Environmental impact assessment and stakeholder involvement. (IIED London, UK, 1998).42.M. Khaska, C. L. G. La Salle, P. Verdoux, R. Boutin, Journal of contaminant hydrology 177, 122 (2015).43.C. Casiot et al., Appl. Geochem. 24, 787 (2009).44.M. K. Lupton, C. Rojas, P. Drohan, M. A. Bruns, Restoration Ecology 21, 320 (2013).45.J. Skousen, L. McDonald, B. Mack, J. Demchak, ICARD: Lexington, American Society for Mining and Reclamation, 2044 (2006).46.D. C. Lambert, D. A. Dzombak, W. W. Aljoe, in Proc. of the 21st West Virginia Surface Mine Drainage Task Force Symp., Morgantown, WV. (2000), pp. 4-5. ................
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