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AP European HistoryChapter 14: Europe and the World: New Encounters, 1500 – 1800 (pages 403 – 433)Reading Notes_____________________________________________________________________________________Terms and Names:DIRECTIONS:1. Complete the chart below.Term/NamePage NumberDefinition/Description/ExplanationPortolaniConquistadorsEncomiendaViceroyAudienciasTriangular tradeMiddle passageColumbian exchangePrice revolutionJoint-stock companyMercantilismAP European History Themes1. Your notes should serve as "answers" to one or more of the APEH Overarching Thematic Questions. 2. Be sure to add the APEH Themes to your notes as you read and understand the concepts. More than one theme may apply. 3. Refer to the chart below for the APEH Themes.ThemeTheme AbbreviationOverarching Thematic QuestionsInteraction of Europe and the WorldINT1. Why have Europeans sought contact and interaction with other parts of the world?2. What political, technological, and intellectual developments enabled European contact and interaction with other parts of the world?3. How have encounters between Europe and the world shaped European culture, politics, and society?4. What impact has contact with Europe had on non-European societies?Poverty and ProsperityPP1. How has capitalism developed as an economic system?2. How has the organization of society changed as a result of or in response to the development and spread of capitalism?3. What were the causes and consequences of economic and social inequality?4. How id individuals, groups, and the state respond to economic and social inequality?Objective Knowledge and Subjective VisionsOS1. What roles have traditional sources of authority (church and classical authority) played in the creation and transmission of knowledge?2. How and why did Europeans come to rely on the scientific method and reason in place of traditional authorities?3. How and why did Europeans come to value subjective interpretations of reality?States and Other Institutions of PowerSP1. What forms have European governments taken, and how have these changed over time?2. In what ways and why have European governments moved toward or reacted against representatives and democratic principles and practices?3. How did civil institutions develop apart from governments, and what impact have they had on European states?4. How and why did changes in wartime affect democracy, the European state system, and the balance of power?5. How did the concept of balance of power emerge, develop, and eventually become institutionalized? Individual and SocietyIS1. What forms have family, class, and social groups taken in European history, and how have they changed over time?2. How and why have tensions arisen between the individual and society over the course of European history?How and why has the status of specific groups within society changed over time?National and European IdentityNIExplain how and why national identities were created, developed, and challenged.Explain how and why cultural, regional, and other social identities coexisted with national identities and occasionally challenged that notion of a unified nation or empire.Explain how and why political, economic, and religious developments challenged or reinforced the idea of a unified Europe from 1450 to the present.Explain how overseas expansion, warfare, and international diplomacy affected Europeans’ identification of themselves as members of national, cultural, regional, or transnational groups.AP European History Time PeriodsPERIOD 1: c. 1450 – 1648PERIOD 2: 1648 – 1815PERIOD 3: 1815 – 1914PERIOD 4: 1914 to the PresentReading Notes:DIRECTIONS:1. Complete the Reading Notes below.2. For each subheading (purple headings in the text), write 1-3 GIST Summaries. a. Gist is a word that means “the essence.” A GIST Summary conveys the meaning of the scientific concept, event, experiment, or theory without including all of the details. When you can summarize the main points in your own words, you are one step closer to mastery of the concept.b. A GIST Summary must abide by the following rules (or as closely as possible):i. The summary must summarize the passage you read in 20 WORDS OR LESS.ii. The summary should address one, or more, of the Overarching Thematic Questions for APEH.iii. The summary should address as many of the 5 Ws (who, what, where, when, and why) as possible.3. Do not forget to add your theme abbreviation to your notes so that you can remind yourself which of the themes your GIST Summary addresses.On the Brink of a New WorldSubheadingGIST Summary(ies)APEH Theme(s)The Motives for ExpansionThe Means for ExpansionNew Horizons: The Portuguese and Spanish Empires SubheadingGIST Summary(ies)APEH Theme(s)The Development of a Portuguese Maritime Empire Voyages to the New World The Spanish Empire in the New World Disease in the New WorldNew Rivals on the World Stage SubheadingGIST Summary(ies)APEH Theme(s)Africa: The Slave TradeThe West in Southeast AsiaThe French and British in IndiaChinaJapanThe AmericasThe Impact of European Expansion SubheadingGIST Summary(ies)APEH Theme(s)The ConqueredThe ConquerorsToward a World EconomySubheadingGIST Summary(ies)APEH Theme(s)Economic Conditions in the Sixteenth CenturyThe Growth of Commercial CapitalismMercantilismOverseas Trade and Colonies: Movement Toward GlobalizationAP Thematic Questions (Short Answer)DIRECTIONS:1. Choose two (2) of the following questions to answer in one to two paragraphs EACH.2. All answers must be hand-written on this paper.3. You DO NOT need to develop and defend a thesis. However, bulleted answers will automatically receive a zero.4. Focus on answering the questions fully and on including evidence or examples to support your response.5. Please include the question number above your response.AP Thematic Questions (Short Answer) - Chapter 14What commercial and religious motivations caused the European nations to explore and colonize overseas?What advances in navigation, cartography, and military technology allowed Europeans to prevail in new lands?How did the shift in trade routes from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic change the balance of economic power?What was the impact of the Columbian exchange and plantation farming on both indigenous peoples and Europeans?How did innovations in banking promote the growth of urban financial centers and a new economic elite?AP Thematic Questions (Short Answer) - Answer #1Question # _________AP Thematic Questions (Short Answer) - Answer #2Question # _________Country SpotlightCountry: _________________________________________________________________________Time Period: _____________________________________________________________________PERSIA Chart – Complete as fully as possible for your country.P – PoliticalE – EconomicR – ReligiousS – SocialI – IntellectualA – Artistic ................
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