Special Cases:
GERMAN SHIPS WITH NO SHIP LISTS, Part 3: Lisa Burton
Diana from Bremen to Moreton Bay 1858.
Two ships arrived in Moreton Bay direct from Bremen in 1858/1859[i] for which there are no surviving departure lists[ii]: the Solon (May 1859) and the Diana (May 1858).[iii]
To compound the difficulties this presents for researchers, the immigrants aboard these vessels weren’t government-assisted. Consequently, the Immigration Board of New South Wales was not involved in processing the men, women and children who arrived on these ships, and therefore, there are no relevant ‘Board’s Lists’[iv], which can be a valuable resource for family historians.
Even though a ‘passenger list’ for the Diana hasn’t survived in Bremen, the Bremer Musterungslisten der Schiffe (Bremen ships’ muster lists)[v] record that a crew of thirteen, including the young son of the captain, Hermann HÜSING, was signed on to the Diana 18 November 1857 in preparation for a voyage to Moreton Bay. These seamen are listed by name, accompanied by birth year and place, residence and crew ranking, rate of pay, etc.[vi]
As the NSW scheme for assisting men from the Continent who possessed skills not obtainable from Britain eg. vine dressers, wine coopers, etc., had ceased by the end of 1856, the immigrants aboard the two vessels mentioned above were either self-funded, on private work contracts arranged by the agents who imported them, or were advertised for hire by these agents on arrival. For example, Heinrich Wilhelm Carl BESSLER and Johann Frederich GOEPEL, who both arrived per the Diana, were initially engaged as shepherds. Bessler was contracted in Germany to work for Pollett CARDEW of Moreton Bay[vii], while Goepel was employed by Henry WILKS, of “Telemon Station”, Logan River, although I don’t know under what arrangement.[viii]
From late March, through April and into May 1858 i.e. prior to the arrival of the Diana, notices appeared in the Moreton Bay Courier, advising that “a number of Shepherds and Domestic Servants” would be aboard and that engagement of these could be arranged through the agents of J. C. Heussler, Brisbane. By July, it was advised, through the same medium, that “a few families” from the Diana were yet to be engaged and that their hire could be arranged through the agents of J. C. Heussler and R. Francksen, Victoria Wharf, Brisbane. Apparently, upon the failure of Johann Christian HEUSSLER’s partnership with Arthur HARVEY in about April 1858, Reinhard FRANCKSEN[ix], recently arrived in the Colony per the Fanny Kirchner[x], was commissioned by Kirchner & Co.[xi], as agents for Bischoff & Co., of Bremen, to take charge of the Diana, the immigrants and any merchandise aboard addressed to Heussler, Harvey & Co. and he travelled from Sydney to Moreton Bay in order to carry out KIRCHNER’s wishes in the company of one Charles Gerhard CAMPEN.[xii]
HEUSSLER and FRANCKSEN must have recognized the business opportunity this set of circumstances presented and embarked on a partnership that was to last until brought to an untimely end by Francksen’s early death in 1863.[xiii] Indeed, Heussler’s biographer, his great-grandson, Robert C. Heussler, opined that a “lack of interest in German migration from HARVEY” could have contributed to the demise of that partnership and that Heussler then acquired in the young Francksen “a partner who possessed the appropriate credentials”[xiv], presumably those of being German-born, well-connected, energetic and with a merchant background.
Conditions aboard the Diana:
According to Alan Corkhill[xv], the Diana appears to have escaped the controversy which surrounded some other German immigrant vessels, but it would seem that at least some of the immigrants aboard, as well as certain sections of the community, were highly indignant at the conditions apparently prevalent during the voyage viz. the lack of segregated accommodation and the quality and quantity of provisions.[xvi]
There must actually have been quite a bit of ‘back and forth’ about this in the papers of the time. Dr Carl Fried. SCHULZE, the ship’s doctor aboard the Diana, in fact stated[xvii], “The English papers here behave like vultures on a German emigration ship and, unfortunately, they do occasionally have something to complain about. It was fortunate that the master [i.e. the Captain] and I behaved exemplarily, otherwise we would, ourselves, have been thoroughly taken [by the Press].”
Unfortunately, only two newspaper items pertaining to any such controversy have been readily located. The first, apparently originally published in the Darling Downs Gazette 10 June 1858 and then picked up by the Moreton Bay Free Press[xviii], sets a suitably outraged tone when claiming that two sisters had been “debauched” during the voyage and “reached this colony in a condition which forbids their contracting an alliance with any respectable, honest man.” In addition, it was further stated that another young woman on board had been “seduced, it is said by one of the officers of the ship, whose illicit intercourse with her was carried on during the voyage in the most public manner.”[xix] The item ends with the observation that, “The name of the vessel alluded to is the Diana – the chaste Diana – what a singularly inappropriate appellation for a floating brothel!”
The second item takes the form of an open ‘letter of thanks’[xx] to Captain HÜSING, of the Diana, and published in the Moreton Bay Courier 12 June 1858.[xxi] The Captain is thanked for the kind and just treatment received on board, the provisions [during the voyage] are acknowledged as having been of good quality and of a quantity set down by the Bremen Senate, and this letter concludes with the recommendation to “immigrants at home” that the “respectable firm of Messrs. H. Bischoff & Co., of Bremen [are] good and honest agents”.[xxii]
In contrast to this, Dr SCHULZE, observed:
“The captain was very kind to the passengers, but in some ways the provision against them by the vessel owners, or rather agents, Bischoff, was not good for them. First, the medicine chest consisted of only home remedies; chamomile, Glauber’s salt, cough mixture and the like, without scales and weights and, in some serious cases, I had to take [medicines] from my own stocks. Then there was too little for an invalid diet, just a bit of tapioca was on board for them and, particularly if Germans from the southern part, who are not accustomed to the heavy ship food, became sick, especially women and children, the captain sent his own food from the cabin when I asked him.” Schulze did concede that the protracted voyage may have had bearing on the situation, noting that …... “the ship was provisioned by the agent for 24 weeks and so the captain had to give food from his own supplies for the last two weeks; of course, he gets reimbursed for this.”
The item in the Darling Downs Gazette prompted the Government Resident in Brisbane, Captain John Clements WICKHAM, to write to the Colonial Secretary, bringing the matter of the female passengers to his attention. Wickham had “very little doubt” that the statements were “substantially correct”, but felt that, as the Diana was a foreign vessel and that the passengers aboard had been bought here under a private agency, he was powerless, within the prevailing state of Law, to act.[xxiii]
The Colonial Secretary’s Office drafted a reply stating that, “with regards the immorality alleged to have been committed”, it concurred that there was, unfortunately, nothing to be done, but noted that it was the opinion of Hutchinson H. BROWNE, the Government Immigration Agent, that the situation did show “how urgently necessary it [was] that some steps should be taken to control by some legal enactments the arrangements of foreign passenger ships.”[xxiv]
Despite WICKHAM hoping that the matter could be “brought under the notice of the Committee of the Legislative Assembly, appointed to enquire into the present system of German Immigration”, the Diana is referred to only once, and even then, not by name, in the Minutes recorded by this Committee.[xxv] When asked on 06 August 1858 by J. DOCKER, Chairman, how many German immigrant ships had arrived so far that year, agent Henry HAMBURGER replied, “Only one ship to Sydney, and one to Moreton Bay.” i.e. the Fanny Kirchner[xxvi] and the Diana, respectively.
These concerns were obviously being paralleled in Germany. Tellingly, a transcription of SCHULZE’s original letter is to be found in a file entitled Complaint of passengers of the ships DIANA and PAULINE about bad treatment during the voyage to Australia (1857) in the Bremen State Archives[xxvii], while another file held by this repository apparently contains the 1858/9 annual report of the Sydney representative of the Frankfurter Verein zum Schutz der Auswanderer (Frankfurt Association for the Protection of Emigrants), in which it was the opinion of the writer that the lax conditions aboard ships bound for Australia directly contributed to the “immoral state” in which many subsequently unemployable females disembarked.[xxviii]
In light of the complaints about provisioning, it would, perhaps, have been particularly galling to the Diana immigrants to know that, as late as October, Heussler & Francksen were still attempting to sell foodstuffs including “Currants, French Plums, Macaroni, Vermicelli, Pearl Sago, Pearl Barley, Split Peas, White Beans [and] Lentilles”, as well as Dutch, Limburgh and Swiss cheese, which had been part of the Diana’s cargo.[xxix]
A brief history of the Diana:
The barque, Diana, commissioned by F. Reck und Co., Bremen, in association with co-owners including the future master of the vessel, Hermann HÜSING[xxx], was built by the firm J. H. Knickmann, Bremen, and launched 28 February 1856. She had already made two voyages as a transport for German emigrants, to New York in April 1856 and May 1857, prior to setting forth on the one to Australia in late 1857.[xxxi]
She was not, as has been stated elsewhere[xxxii], sailing under the flag of Oldenburg at this time, nor did she at any point in her career.[xxxiii] The Diana flew the Bremen flag of red and white horizontal stripes, checked in two vertical columns at the hoist and with the Coat of Arms on a white field in the centre.
Under the command of Captain HÜSING[xxxiv], she is believed to have departed Bremen 30 November 1857 with 104 passengers[xxxv] and general cargo aboard and arrived in Deal, England, 21 December.[xxxvi] She then made her way to a second English anchorage, Falmouth, arriving 29 December. After seeing out Christmas and taking on water[xxxvii], she departed 31 December, putting in at Bahia[xxxviii] 16 February and sailing out three days later.
Dr. SCHULZE, at least, “spent some days pleasantly” in Bahia and it’s almost certain that the immigrants aboard the Diana also took the opportunity to go ashore, walk upon ‘terra firma’ and, economic circumstances allowing, purchase fresh produce.
The Diana made Moreton Bay on 25 May 1858[xxxix] after what was described as “a very tedious voyage”.[xl] She had endured “good and bad weather, at times very stormy”, including “heavy headwinds in the North Sea which detained her thirty days”, but “not an actual hurricane”.[xli]Some days later, after presumably clearing Customs, etc., the immigrants aboard were then conveyed up the Brisbane River by the steamer Breadalbane and landed at McCabe’s Wharf.[xlii]
The Diana departed Brisbane, not quite a month later, on 20 June, destined for Guam[xliii], making the lower Cowan[xliv] by the following day. This, however, was not to be her only visit to Australia.
In March 1861, on a run from Hong Kong to Valparaiso, Chile, the Diana came upon the distressed English barque, Augusta. She took on the crew of the sinking ship and, after encountering difficult weather herself and being mindful of an imminent shortage of fresh water, Captain HÜSING made for Melbourne, Victoria, where she arrived safely, 42 days later, on 07 May 1861.[xlv]
The Augusta had been “all hands at the pumps, night and day [for two days and with] no hope of saving either ship or cargo, and very little hopes of saving our lives”, according to Captain J. J. ROBINSON, master of the Augusta, when the Diana “hove in sight”. Robinson was in no doubt that Captain HÜSING saved the lives of his crew, as well as his own. Observing that, faced with abandoning the vessel whose decks were being “laved with the sea” and with monsoonal seas prevailing, it was “not likely the [Augusta’s long] boats would have reached any land; all would have perished.”[xlvi]
It’s difficult to imagine the desperation of those final hours aboard the Augusta, and the despair those aboard must have felt when they considered the fate they envisaged as now being inevitable. Likewise, it’s probably beyond our comprehension to truly appreciate the overwhelming sense of relief and likely euphoria when another sail was sighted. The Diana’s fortuitous arrival must surely have appeared miraculous.[xlvii]
Much was made, rightly so, of Captain HÜSING’s actions, with the Argus noting “It is needless to praise his conduct – the act speaks for itself.”[xlviii] However, on 10th May the (Victorian) Legislative Assembly voted unanimously to forward on the account of the owners and the captain of the Diana, £250 sterling as compensation for provisioning the crew of the Augusta and as a “consequence of the deviation from her course”, to pay all port charges, pilotage, etc., incurred by the vessel, to insure her from Melbourne to her original port of destination and to present to the Captain a gold pocket chronometer to the value of £60. Total expenditure was judged to be approx. £400[xlix]
On the 11 May a reception was held for HÜSING at the Melbourne City Council Chambers. Various dignitaries, including the Mayor of Melbourne, J. T. SMITH, the Hon. Commissioner of Customs, T. LOADER, the Bremen Consul, Mr. Adolph SCHLÖSTEIN, and the captain of the Augusta, were present. Testimonials were made and, on behalf of the citizens of Melbourne, the Mayor made a presentation to Hüsing of the pocket watch and chain and congratulated the captain for “possessing a nobleness of heart”. The Town Clerk, E. G. FITZGIBBON, then read an address, to which Hüsing is reported to have replied “in broken English” that he “could not express his thanks [adequately], but hoped to be remembered in Melbourne”.[l]
HÜSING retired from the command of the Diana the following year, but the vessel herself, under other commanders, again made voyages from Bremen to the New World, carrying emigrants to New York (1865), Galveston (1867) and Quebec (1868).[li] During a fierce storm 12 October 1870 and whilst returning to Bremen from Granton, Edinburgh, the Diana ran aground on the Tegeler Plate sandbar, near the mouth of the Weser River.[lii] The steamboat Goliath was unable to tow the ship, fully-laden with coal, against the strong, out-going tide. The captain, along with his wife, family and crew were rescued, but the ship herself was totally lost.[liii]
Unfortunately, no known image of the Diana exists. Photography was in its infancy when the Diana was launched and long exposure times were required for a successful photograph, something not easily achieved with a ship, even at anchor. It is possible, of course, that a water colour or oil painting may have been commissioned and survive somewhere in a private collection, but that would be almost impossible to determine.[liv]
Variations in ship’s name:
Apart from an occasional Dianna, this ship, unlike many of the others which bought emigrants from Germany, doesn’t at first seem to have presented either the German immigrants, or the predominantly English officials they dealt with, any real difficulty in pronunciation or rendering it in written form. However, if Eina (See FLEISCHMANN entry in following table) is, in fact, an interpretation of the name and is indicative of possible variations, who knows what others may be found!
Sources for finding the names of immigrants on the Diana and other Bremen ships:
1. Indexes to Births:
Having pursued a similar line of inquiry when researching the Solon[lv], I conducted a search of the Queensland Indexes to Births, Deaths and Marriages (microfiche) and located two entries that, by reason of the dates of birth, the fact that they were registered as having been ‘Marine births’, had consecutive registration numbers and the surnames were ‘Germanic’, sounded promising in relation to determining if any births had occurred aboard the Diana.
Specifically, these were:
GRIM, Carl Johann Georg b. 24 Jan 1858 Q. Ref. 1858/M47
FRANK, unnamed male b. 26 Feb 1858 Q. Ref. 1858/M48[lvi]
After requesting and receiving copies of these entries from the Queensland Registry[lvii], it transpired that these children, had indeed, been born aboard the Diana and that their births were registered by the Captain (H. HÜSING) in Brisbane 31 May 1858.[lviii] These births are included on the NSW Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages searchable website[lix], although Carl Johann Georg’s surname appears there as ‘GRUN’; a much closer rendition of the actual ‘GRÜN’ than the Queensland indexing attempt! Sadly, this infant was eclampsic and died at sea on 1st March 1858 [Q. Ref. 1858/M3].
It was entirely possible, of course, that other births had occurred aboard the Diana earlier in the voyage and that these had been registered at other ports of call, although that would be almost impossible to determine.[lx] However, as I only became aware of the existence of Dr SCHULZE’s letter some time after conducting this search of the indexes, I was later gratified to find that, in this correspondence, he had helpfully noted that he had “bought one more passenger ashore than we had taken on in Bremerhaven. One child died six weeks after birth and one was stillborn.”[lxi] Therefore, the infants GRÜN and FRANK were the only live births aboard the Diana during her 1857/1858 voyage to Australia. The ‘extra’ passenger Schulze refers to i.e. the Frank child, later named Henry, unfortunately died 07 December 1858 South Brisbane, aged nine months [Q Ref. 1858/B287].
As Jenny Paterson has pointed out in a previous article in this series[lxii], looking at the first birth recorded in Australia can give a clue to the time-frame in which the immigrants arrived. However, as Jenny also intimated, this approach isn’t an exact measure and is fraught with a range of variables, not least of which is the distinct possibility that a child’s birth, particularly in those early years, may not have been registered.
2. Indexes to Deaths:
Dr SCHULZE implies in his letter that there were no deaths aboard the Diana apart from Carl Johann Georg GRÜN, though he doesn’t actually refer to anyone on board other than the Captain by name, even though he claims that he himself was “very popular with the passengers”. However, the Grün baby’s death is the only one registered by Captain HÜSING after the arrival of the Diana at Moreton Bay, according to the Register of Marine Deaths.
A Medical Report for the Diana was presumably prepared by the Government Medical Officer of the day, but, unfortunately, this either hasn’t survived, or hasn’t been located. Such a report may mention individuals who were ill, had met with accident and were treated by the ship’s doctor. Dr SCHULZE, himself, states that “Now and then we had patients, but I cured them all …”. Needless to say, if any reader were to come across such a document, or reference to such a document, in either State Records NSW or the Queensland State Archives, for example, I would be very grateful to hear of it.
Although the Moreton Bay Courier reported 26 May 1858 that the immigrants, recently arrived per the Diana, were all healthy, Dr SCHULZE himself wrote that he had it from a very reliable source that “a man, a Swiss” aboard the Diana, died of hunger after arrival, “because he did not get a decent invalid diet” whilst aboard. Diana immigrant John Frederick GOEPEL could be a possible candidate for this man, but perhaps his death on 18 October 1858, five months after arrival, is somewhat removed to be ascribed to conditions on board, although the informant to the registration of death, his employer, Henry WILKS, said he had been unwell since his arrival [Q. Ref. 1858/B275].
In regard to other Bremen ships for which we have no passengers lists, or only a partial list, the Queensland or New South Wales indexes to Deaths, particularly Marine registrations, may be of use to researchers. In addition, the Bremen Seemannsamt (Mariners’ Office of the Hanseatic Port of Bremen) also maintained a series of registers which recorded deaths occurring aboard ships departing Bremen 1834 – c. 1941[lxiii]. Apart from the individual’s name, that of the ship and the date of death, entries often record the place of origin of the deceased. Not all these registers have survived, but this little-known resource may assist researchers to determine if a particular family group were aboard vessels such as the Pauline, Fanny Kirchner or Wilhelm Kirchner, etc. However, another cautionary note is that the focus of these records appears, during some periods, to have been the seamen, rather than passengers. For instance, the death of the GRÜN baby on the Diana is not found in the surviving registers.[lxiv]
The voyage of the Diana was, despite negative reports about provisioning, etc., actually healthier in comparison to some ships arriving from German ports, in that only the one death occurred aboard ship. That, however, certainly doesn’t mitigate the fact that any death was a tragedy for those concerned, with young children particularly vulnerable to the rigours of shipboard life. The anguish such a loss caused is evident in the recollection of one woman whose infant son died as a result of dysentery on the way to Australia[lxv]:
“On the morning of 8th of January between 3 and 4 am my darling child died. We sat in bitter tears around the bed until it was daylight ..... After midday the child was wrapped in a white cloth, placed in a lovely white bag, some sand was placed in the little bag, it was sown up and in the evening my darling little angel was lowered into the ocean and now lies buried in an ocean grave.”
3. Indexes to Marriages:
As Jenny Paterson explained in the first article in this series[lxvi], owing to the restrictive marriage laws prevalent in many German states in the mid-1800s, many immigrant couples took advantage of the opportunity to marry freely soon after arrival in Australia.
Therefore, looking at marriages performed in Brisbane, Moreton Bay between German individuals post 25 May 1858 (i.e. the supposed date of arrival for the Diana), I located a ‘block’ of six sequential registrations which were of interest.[lxvii]All six marriages were performed by Pastor C. F. A. SCHIRMEISTER[lxviii], according to the Rites of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, 30 May 1858, in the Wesleyan Chapel, North Brisbane, either simultaneously or consecutively.[lxix]
Of these, the first marriage was of a couple known to have arrived per the Diana i.e. Albrecht FRANK and Dorothea BIEHLMAYER[lxx], by dint of the fact that Dorothea gave birth to a child whilst aboard.[lxxi] Of the other five, I believe a strong case can be made for the individuals involved in four of those unions to have been Diana immigrants with the remaining marriage representing a bit of a ‘fly in the ointment’.
Johann Carl IHLE and Elisabeth Katharine HAISS were the second couple in this group of six. However, the groom did not arrive per the Diana. Although various publications state and many descendants of this family believe, that Carl and Elisabeth arrived together on the Diana, Carl, at least, was resident in the colony long before May 1858.[lxxii] It’s possible Elisabeth arrived per the Diana, although that would mean that, if she hadn’t been known to Carl IHLE back in Germany, which is unlikely[lxxiii], they would have met, courted and married within a matter of days. Not impossible, but still unusual.
The other four couples make a sub-group within the larger ‘block’, in that Heinrich BESSLER, likely the individual known to have arrived per the Diana, and a ‘Johann Melger MEIER’[lxxiv] acted as witnesses to all four marriages and the four grooms’ occupations are recorded as that of either ‘Stone Mason’ or simply a ‘Mason’.
This would seem too much of a coincidence for there not to be some connection amongst these men. It’s very tempting to believe that, if these grooms and witnesses weren’t known to each other prior to departing Germany, they certainly would have developed a relationship as a result of the close proximity in which they found themselves during the months at sea together aboard the Diana and the camaraderie afforded by the trade they held in common. It would then be entirely feasible that they would determine, together, to seek out a pastor soon after arrival so that they and their respective partners could begin their new lives legally and spiritually ‘on the right foot’.
Two other individuals known to have been aboard the Diana, David WILDERMUTH and Johann Eberhard HÖLSCHER[lxxv], married in Brisbane 04 and 11 June 1858, respectively [Q. Ref. 1859/B135 and 1859/B136], while the parents of the child who died aboard the Diana, Georg GRÜN and Friederike KANDELSIEDER, married 07 September 1858 [Q. Ref. 1859/B152]. Unlike WILDERMUTH and GRÜN, who appear to have emigrated with their respective betrothed, HÖLSCHER’s, at least, appears to have been a shipboard romance.[lxxvi]
Pastor SCHIRMEISTER himself is said by some to have arrived per the Diana, but this isn’t likely. Schirmeister had been initially engaged in missionary work in the Chatnam Islands off New Zealand, at the behest of Pastor Johannes E. GOSSNER, prior to relocating to Wellington, New Zealand c. 1855 owing to ill health. He is believed to have sailed for Sydney in early 1857, possibly with the intention of returning to Europe, but after staying only a relatively short while there, he removed to Moreton Bay. Schirmeister was apparently persuaded by the Rev. John Dunmore LANG in this, but the fact that his brother-in-law, Johann Wilhelm GE(H)RICKE, his wife’s brother, resided at German Station, a mission also originally established by Gossner, would no doubt have also influenced his decision.
Pastor SCHIRMEISTER is said to have held an initial meeting at the European Hotel in early 1858 to establish a Lutheran congregation in ‘Brisbane proper’ (later St. Andreas’), although an actual chapel building wasn’t erected on land at the corner of Wickham Terrace and Wharf Street, North Brisbane, until late 1861.[lxxvii]
4. Naturalization Records and Certificates of Alien Registration:
Apart from the fact that only a small percentage of immigrants to these shores was naturalised, the documentation relating to Naturalizations in Queensland, unfortunately, is incomplete with records from certain areas of the Colony or for certain years obviously missing.[lxxviii] In addition, Queensland State Archives, in most cases, only holds the “Oath of Allegiance”. The original “Memorials” or “Applications” were not retained in the majority of cases and it is these documents that detailed information such as an applicant’s year and/or ship of arrival, where known.
The only applications for naturalization specifically relating to Diana immigrants still held by the Queensland State Archives would appear to be those of Leonard DIETZ, Johann Eberhard HOELSCHER, Frederick SEIFFARTH, Friedrich Carl WELLER and David WILDERMUTH and these are located in the correspondence files of the Colonial Secretary held by the Queensland State Archives.
These men were all naturalised in the year following Queensland’s separation from New South Wales i.e. 1860. However, another individual from the Diana is known to have been naturalised earlier; Wilhelm Moritz Robert GOELDNER (GÖLDNER) in March 1859. Therefore, even though he was naturalised in Brisbane, the records relating to his application are held at State Records NSW[lxxix] and, as a result, contain more information than what is normally to be found in the documents which have survived in that repository’s Queensland counter-part. Other individuals who arrived per the Diana and were subsequently naturalised, either prior to Separation or after 1903, when the Commonwealth Government assumed responsibility for the naturalization of aliens[lxxx], may yet be located.
During WW I, the War Precautions (Alien Registration) Regulations were introduced. This required all resident non-Australian to register with the local police. These regulations remained in force until replaced by the Alien Registration Act 1920. Therefore, if your ancestor hadn’t been naturalised by 1916, when these regulations came into force, he/she should have been registered as an ‘alien’[lxxxi] and the documentation relating to registration[lxxxii] is another possible source of biographical information, including year of arrival and, very occasionally, name of ship.[lxxxiii] Logically, a name is required as a starting point to a search of these records and, to date, cross-checking those surnames which appear in the following list, I must admit that I haven’t found a Diana immigrant or associated family member using this source.
5. Obituaries and other newspaper items:
Newspaper items relating to occasions such as Golden and Diamond Wedding Anniversaries or an individual’s obituary can be a valuable source of information for family historians. However, given that an obituary by its very nature is written by someone else, usually quite some time after the events touched upon, and the fact that there’s a tendency to lionize the deceased, information gleaned from an obituary, in particular, needs to be treated with some caution.
Even when an individual has supplied the information him or herself, in the form of reminisces, say for an article about the pioneering history of a particular district, inaccuracies, however unintentional, can occur. It has to be considered that, when referring to something like the arrival in a new country, the person concerned is attempting to recall an event from some years past. Therefore, the date can often be out by a year or more and even the ship’s name may be misconstrued.
The only obituary I am presently aware of which specifically refers to an arrival per the Diana is one for Phillip IMHOFF in the Clifton Courier of 5 August 1922[lxxxiv]
It has to be said the Australian Newspaper Digitisation Program (ANDP)[lxxxv] is a wonderful resource we now have, literally, at our fingertips and the ability to conduct ‘blanket searches’ of this database is certainly advantageous. However, bear in mind that numerous regional newspapers are not included in this project and, although issues of such publications may be accessible through local libraries (some of which have undertaken their own digitization projects[lxxxvi]), this leaves a real gap for researchers whose forebears settled in non-metropolitan areas, were quiet, diligent ‘nobodies’ who ‘minded their own business’ and failed to be caught up in some tragic or scandalous event!
6. Miscellaneous Sources:
There are a number of other sources available in Queensland which may assist in determining a ship of arrival for an individual and these include early hospital[lxxxvii] and (‘Lunatic’ and ‘Benevolent’) asylum[lxxxviii] admission records, as well as the registers of prisoners admitted to HM Goal, Brisbane.[lxxxix] Police Gazettes, both Queensland and New South Wales, contain notices re missing persons, absconders from hired service, prohibited immigrants (e.g. ship deserters), persons apprehended, etc. which may also provide information about a person’s arrival.[xc] Another worthwhile resource is the NSW “Unemployment Registers 1860, 1884 Index”.[xci]
Finally, the National Archives of Australia, Canberra, holds files which were seized by Military Intelligence from the German Consulate in Brisbane during World War I and the contents of these e.g. correspondence re bequests left to descendants here in Australia, queries about missing persons, responses to allegations of misconduct of naturalised citizens, applications for passports, etc., may be of real value to family historians.[xcii] The date range of these files is 1888 – 1914 and the access status for all files is ‘Open’, although only three files have been digitized.[xciii]
Trades and Occupations:
HEUSSLER’s notices in the Moreton Bay Courier from 31 March to 8 May 1858 re the imminent arrival of the Diana advised that a number of shepherds and domestic Servants were on board and that the same were open for engagement. However, as evidenced through other sources, a variety of other occupations would also appear to be represented among the immigrants aboard the Diana. This is not to say that men who arrived per the Diana with a trade were not initially engaged as shepherds, rural labourers, etc. for those first two or three years in the Colony. If unable to pay their own passage, these individuals may have been contracted to a landowner and would have had to meet the obligations inherent in such an arrangement before being able to ‘strike out on their own’.
David WILDERMUTH gave his occupation as ‘vine dresser’ when he married in Brisbane just weeks after arrival [Q. Ref. 1859/B135], although it’s doubtful he pursued that line of work here in Australia.
Friederich SEIFFARTH’s occupation was that of cooper when he was naturalised in 1860[xciv] and he followed this trade throughout his life[xcv], including the 1870s, when he also apparently engaged in mining in the Gympie, Q. area.[xcvi] In fact, he was referred to as ‘Fred the cooper’ during the Inquest held into his death at Mt. Morgan, Queensland in 1896.[xcvii]
Albrecht FRANK and Friedrich Carl WELLER were both tailors[xcviii]. Frank conducted his trade from at least 1868[xcix] and, in all likelihood, from much earlier than this date. In fact, after his death, he was described as “‘a pioneering tailor of Warwick”[c], Queensland. Weller stated that he was a tailor at the time of his Naturalization in 1860[ci] and his wife also described him as such when she acted as informant to the registration of his death in 1891 [Q. Ref. 1891/B24189]. It would seem that Weller was operating as a tailor in premises on the corner of Leichhardt and Henry Streets, Spring Hill, Brisbane, from as early as 1868 and continued to do so for the next twenty-odd years.[cii]
Wilhelm Moritz GÖLDNER appears to have pursued his trade of cabinet making (and upholstering) from at least 1872[ciii], with varying degrees of success, and, indeed, in 1883 when, under some financial strain, he attempted to sell his business, it was described as being “old-established”.[civ]
Georg GRÜN gave his occupation as ‘butcher’ upon arrival in Moreton Bay[cv] and when naturalised in 1864 as ‘George GREEN’[cvi]. It would seem that he was carrying out his trade from quite an early date, as a “George Green, a German”, was charged with illegally slaughtering a pig within the city limits of Brisbane in the April of 1860[cvii]. Additionally, George Green, “pork butcher and sausage manufacturer”, advertised the relocation of his premises to Grey Street, Brisbane, in December 1860[cviii], and it’s reasonable to speculate that this individual, the one charged earlier in the year and the man who arrived per the Diana are all one and the same although, of course, with such a common name, further evidence would be needed before this claim could be considered definitive.[cix]
If this is the correct individual, GRÜN certainly did well for himself in that first decade after arrival, as by 1867 he was operating a boarding house called the Royal Temperance Hotel on corner of Edward and Mary Streets, Brisbane[cx], before things then took a grave turn with his mysterious disappearance following a trip to Sydney for medical treatment for bronchitis in late September 1873. About a month after his departure from Brisbane, his wife received “a letter of a few lines” addressed to her from GREEN, via Charles Gerhard CAMPEN, law clerk, saying that he (GREEN) was proceeding from Sydney to Melbourne with a herd of cattle and that he’d be home in due course. That note was the last contact the family had with him. His whereabouts were never ascertained, despite searches in both Victoria and New South Wales and as far afield as San Francisco, California.[cxi]
The Diana was said to have a number of domestic servants aboard and this may help explain why, if the accusations about inappropriate relationships during the voyage were true, the young women involved don’t appear to have had the protection or guidance of parents or other family members. Unattached or unaccompanied females would seem to be the logical demographic from which to source domestics for colonial households.
The group that most intrigues me, however, were the stone masons aboard the Diana i.e. Conrad GROSS (Bavaria), Franz HOFFMANN (Baden), Anton ROTH (Bavaria) and Leonhard MÜHLING (Baden), to date. They presumably weren’t recruited as a team, as they came from disparate regions, although it’s possible that GROSS and ROTH may have been known to each other, but if someone specifically recruited these men because of their skills, who was behind it and for what purpose were they bought to Moreton Bay?
Construction of substantial civic and private buildings and homes, as well as engineering works, were being undertaken in Brisbane, on the Darling Downs and in regional centers such as Maryborough and Rockhampton in the late 1850s and early 1860s, as Queensland, recently separated from New South Wales, keenly took on the outward signs of a successful, progressive colony. The expansion of a railway system also required stonemasons’ skills for the construction of rail bridges, tunnels, etc. and it’s interesting to note that Philip IMHOFF, who is believed to have arrived per the Diana, is said to have worked on the railways in his early years in this country, although as a navvy, rather than a stone mason.[cxii]
Perhaps the answer lies with Johann Christian HEUSSLER himself. There had been bad feeling and accusations against both WICKHAM, the Government Resident, and, by association and inference, Heussler, Harvey & Co., the year prior to the Diana’s arrival, after an agreement had been entered into which would procure eleven German immigrants, “recently bought out to the Colony”[cxiii] to repair the streets of Brisbane at half the going rate.[cxiv]
A Committee, nominated by and including WICKHAM, had the princely sum of £2000 at its disposal from Sydney for this gargantuan public works task and, obviously, hoped to stretch those allocated funds as far as possible, but the tone of the Moreton Bay Courier at the time[cxv], and against a background of growing unemployment, seems to indicate more outrage that the work was not given to Brisbane residents or British immigrants instead of ‘foreigners’ and that the actions of the principal parties to the arrangement had been far from transparent, rather than the fact that the German immigrants involved may have been exploited.[cxvi] ‘A Working Man’, in fact, bluntly speculated:
“Was it because the importer of German labour [i.e. Heussler, Harvey & Co.] had plenty of that commodity on hand and no demand for it that our patriotic committee considered it proper to encourage such public spirited men who had laid out money on immigration speculation, by taking what was a dead stock off their hand, and, from the funds at the committee’s command, pay the importers the passage money; …?”
In response, the Government Resident defended the engagement of the Germans, in part, by stating that they were “Street-makers” by trade, implying that these skills weren’t to be readily found amongst colonial residents or recently arrived British immigrants and continued, taking the high moral ground, that, further, he couldn’t “hold that birth-place should disqualify a labourer from employment in either public or private service.”[cxvii]
Perhaps HEUSSLER was replicating a similar arrangement with the stonemasons arriving per the Diana? However, if this was the case, it is questionable if Brisbane, as part of the Colony of New South Wales, even required the importation of stonemasons at this point. Against growing unemployment, unionism had gathered momentum amongst stonemasons in the Colonies of both New South Wales and Victoria in 1857. This was the result of a combination of factors including the perception that England, also in the grip of recession, was ridding herself of superfluous bricklayers and stonemasons, causing a glut of men with these skills here in the Antipodes. It was estimated that in Melbourne alone, of 1000 stonemasons in the city, 800 were unemployed.[cxviii]
Returning to the stonemasons aboard the Diana, it wouldn’t appear that these men stayed together in one location in order to work on a specific long-term project, as Franz HOFFMANN had already relocated to Toowoomba, on the Darling Downs, by at least March 1859[cxix], although he does appear to have continued to work as a brick maker and stone mason throughout his life.[cxx] Anton ROTH also appears to have maintained his trade at least into the 1870s[cxxi], having left the Brisbane metropolitan area by 1865[cxxii], but returning a few years later.
Conrad GROSS was still living in Brisbane in early 1859[cxxiii], but was in the Rockhampton area around 1862[cxxiv], although I don’t know what line of work he was following there. (It’s possible he had been attracted by one of the ‘rushes’ of the period e.g. to the Canoona or Crocodile Creek gold fields.) He did return to Brisbane, farming land he had taken up in the Doughboy Creek / Tingalpa area.[cxxv] Leonhard MÜHLING would not appear to have followed his trade here for long, if at all, as he was working as a shepherd at Durah, near Dalby, in 1863[cxxvi], later relocated to Toowoomba where, in the late 1860s, he was working as a horse driver[cxxvii] and, at the time of his death, was described as being a farmer [Q. Ref. 1913/C4252].
Special Cases:
KÜBLER:
A commemorative plaque[cxxviii] on the grave of ‘Michael KUBLER’ in the Nundah Historic Cemetery, Brisbane, states “Kubler, from Grossasbach, Wurttemberg, Arrived aboard “Diana” 1858, Traders and Farmers”. Unfortunately, this attribution would appear to be incorrect, in that it’s more likely that Michael and his wife, Caroline nee UNGERER[cxxix], arrived in Moreton Bay per the Pauline in 1857.
Michael and Caroline KÜBLER had two children, Michael Jnr. and Anna Sophia, in approximately 1857 and 1858, respectively, both supposedly at Pine River, Brisbane.[cxxx] These births, however, do not seem to have been registered.
At the time of his marriage in 1881[cxxxi], Michael Jnr. stated that he was 24 years of age and had been born at Pine River, Brisbane i.e. born c. 1857 and when his sister, Sophia, died in 1888[cxxxii], it was recorded that she was 29 years of age and had been born in Queensland i.e. c. 1859. If Michael Jnr. was born here in 1857, his parents, Michael and Caroline, can’t have arrived per the Diana. It would, therefore, be more likely, depending on the exact day and month of Michael Jnr.’s birth, that his parents arrived per the Pauline in May 1857, as they aren’t to be found on any of the Hamburg ships’ passenger lists and, indeed, a ‘G KÜBLER’ does appear on the Sydney Shipping Master’s partial list for the Pauline.[cxxxiii]
The Michael KÜBLER Snr., who died at Nundah in 1897, leaving widow, Caroline, was born in Großaspach, Württemberg 17 December 1830 and was said to have arrived in Australia about 40 years earlier i.e. c. 1857.[cxxxiv]
A ‘Georg Michael Kübler’ and wife (unnamed) had applied to emigrate from Württemberg to Australia in 1856.[cxxxv] This man was a farmer, aged 26 years (i.e. born c. 1830) and living in the town of Ammertsweiler, Oberamt of Weinsburg, at the time.[cxxxvi] The timing of this application would indicate that this is the same individual as recorded by the Sydney Shipping Master’s Office as arriving per Pauline [cxxxvii]and as Ammertsweiler (now part of the town of Mainhardt) is reasonably close to Großaspach (now part of the town of Aspach), this seems to point to this man and the father of Michael Jnr. and Anna Sophia being the one and the same.
It should be noted that there is potential for confusion re the name ‘Michael KÜBLER’, as another individual, ‘Georg Michael Kübler’ of Biberach, Württemberg[cxxxviii], arrived in 1863 per Beausite.[cxxxix] He appears as ‘Michael’ on the Hamburg list, but married a fellow-passenger, Johanna Louisa STREINER, at Nundah in 1863 [Q. Ref. 1863/B645], as ‘George Michael’. Subsequent registrations of birth for their children record him as ‘George Michael’ or ‘George’.[cxl] So, we have two men who were likely baptised ‘Georg Michael Kübler’ landing at Moreton Bay and settling in the Brisbane area. Neither, however, arrived per the Diana and, therefore, the plaque on the grave in the Nundah Historical Cemetery is, unfortunately, erroneous.
IHLE and HAISS:
Many descendants of the IHLE and HAISS families believe that Johann Carl and Jakob Andreas Ihle, the sons of Andreas Ihle and Christine Margaretha BÖHRKIRCHER of Weinsberg, Württemberg[cxli], arrived in Moreton Bay per the Diana. However, there is plenty of evidence that this is not correct:
• A note beside their baptismal entries in the Weinsberg Family Register [cxlii]states that they, and their sister, Sophia Friederika[cxliii], left for Australia in 1852.
• Their 1852 applications to emigrate.[cxliv] (Prospective emigrants usually applied in the weeks/months prior to departure.)
• Their sister, Sophia Friederika LEHMANN, stated that she had brothers in the Colony (of New South Wales) when she arrived in Sydney per the Helene 18 March 1853.[cxlv]
• Sophia Friederika LEHMANN placed a notice[cxlvi] in the Moreton Bay Courier in September 1854 for her brothers to contact her through the agents of Henry HAMBURGER, Immigration Agent, Sydney.[cxlvii] She obviously believed her brothers were here in Australia.
• When Johann Carl married Elisabeth Katharine HAISS 30 May 1858 in Brisbane [Q. Ref. 1859/B138], he gave his occupation as ‘Bushman’. This term wouldn’t really apply to someone who was ‘fresh off the ship’, but would indicate someone who had been in the Colony for a period of time, likely labouring in rural areas.
• Johann Carl’s 1890 Death Certificate states “37 years in Queensland” i.e. arriving c. 1853 [Q. Ref. 1890/C1811].
• A man by the name of ‘IHLE’ appeared before the Brisbane Court 14 Feb 1854[cxlviii] and was bound to ‘Sureties of the Peace’[cxlix] brought by someone with the surname ‘FRANZ’.[cl]
• Karl IHLE was admitted to HM Goal, Brisbane, on 08 Sep 1854 after being found guilty of disobeying the order of someone named GERLER, presumably his employer.[cli] The “Admissions Register” records his ship and year of arrival as being the “John Ceasar, 1852”.[clii]
Therefore it seems certain that the IHLE brothers arrived in Australia before their sister, and most likely on the Johann Caesar which docked in Sydney on 12 January 1853, even though their names are missing from the surviving alphabetical index of the original Hamburg departure list. Clerical errors were made then, as now![cliii]
This then throws doubt on the accepted family lore that Johann Carl met his wife-to-be, Elisabeth Katharine HAISS, aboard the Diana. Certainly, Elisabeth Katharine may have been aboard the Diana but, as family lore also holds that she travelled with her brother, Philipp Karl Haiss, his wife, Katharine, and daughter, from Lipporn, Nassau to Australia, other cracks in this story then start to appear. Philipp and Katharine’s son, Adam Heinrich (later ‘Henry HAYES’), was said to be have been born at sea, ergo, aboard the Diana, but as outlined earlier in this article, Adam Heinrich Haiss could not have been born aboard the Diana. Therefore, he either wasn’t born at sea, or he was born on a vessel other than the Diana.
There are all sorts of possible permutations here: 1). Elisabeth Katharine HAISS was aboard the Diana with her brother and his family, including the infant, Adam Heinrich, or 2). she travelled alone on the Diana and Philipp Karl and his family arrived aboard another vessel, or 3). she and her brother and his family did all travel together, but aboard a ship other than the Diana.
Interestingly, two men applied to emigrate from Lipporn to Australia in October 1857, Georg Philipp RASEL and Peter RASEL.[cliv] They don’t appear on any of the Hamburg-departing ships’ lists, therefore it’s possible they arrived on one of the Bremen ships, the Diana being the most likely because of the timing of their applications and the fact that a ‘Phillip Peter ROSSEL’ witnessed Elisabeth Katherine’s marriage to Johann Carl IHLE. These Rasel men folk may have been related to Elisabeth Katharine and Philipp Karl HAISS, as their mother’s maiden name was also ‘Rasel’. If this is the case, perhaps Elisabeth Katherine may have travelled in their company, rather than that of her brother, Philipp Karl, and his family and that, with the passage of time, the identity of the members of the family group aboard the Diana has become unclear.
I have included this HAIS(S) group in the table below on the basis of descendant information. However, it may be that all or some of these individuals arrived per another vessel altogether e.g. the Pauline.
WILDERMUTH and BLINZINGER:
Lastly, despite what has been claimed in various publications, David WILDERMUTH, his betrothed, Christiana ALTER, sister, Dorothea Barbara, and her future husband, Johann Gottlieb BLINZINGER, did not arrive together per the Diana. For instance, the Pioneers’ Pathway: Nundah Historic Cemetery[clv] states that “Johanns Gottlieb Blinzinger was born in 1829 at Willsbach, Wurttemberg, Germany. He came to Australia on the sailing ship Diana arriving at Moreton Bay on 27 May 1858. On the same ship were his friend David Wildermuth and his family.”[clvi]
Queensland Founding Families[clvii] runs to a similar vein: “David Heinrich Wildermuth, a vine dresser from Eschenau, Germany and Christina Alter from Lampoldshausen, Germany, arrived in Moreton Bay in 1858 on board the Diana … It would seem a group of friends from Baden Wurttemberg travelled together on board the Diana. Johan Gottleib Blingzinger from Willsbach, who was to marry Heinrich’s sister Dorothea some six years later in Brisbane, was one.”
Johann Gottlieb BLINZINGER did not arrive per the Diana. He arrived per the San Francisco from Hamburg in 1863.[clviii] Willsbach is now part of the town of Obersulm in the Heilbronn district of Baden-Württemberg, as is Eschenau, where the WILDERMUTHs came from. It’s possible David Wildermuth and Johann Gottlieb BLINZINGER were known to each other prior to settling at German Station. However, they did not arrive together on the same ship.[clix] Likewise, Dorothea Barbara Wildermuth wasn’t aboard the Diana. She arrived per the La Rochelle from Hamburg in 1862.[clx] She and Blinzinger married in 1864 [Q. Ref. 1864/B804].
These individuals and families all apparently started their new lives here in Australia at German Station, Brisbane and, through close associations and intermarriage became irrevocably intertwined. It’s therefore relatively easy to see how assumptions along the lines of ‘they all came together’ may have been made but, if anyone else has hearsay that their German forebears who settled at Nundah, or surrounding environs, arrived per the Diana, it would, on the strength of the above cases, certainly bear close examination.
List of likely Diana immigrants:
The following table lists those immigrants, to date, for whom there is supporting evidence or strong indications that they arrived on these shores per the Diana. I am indebted to Jenny Paterson for her invaluable assistance in determining present locations of places of origin.
|Name |Origin |Sources and Information |
|ALTER, Christiana |Lampoldshausen, Baden- Württemberg. [Descendant] |Married David Heinrich WILDERMUTH 04 Jun 1858 Brisbane, Q. Ref. |
| | |1859/B135 [NSW Ref. 1436/1858] as ‘Christina ALTER’. |
| |Now part of the town of Hardthausen am Kocher in | |
| |the Heilbronn district of Baden-Württemberg. |WILDERMUTH arriv. per Diana. |
| | | |
| | |First child, Daniel August WILDERMUTH, b. 12 Aug 1858 Q. Ref. |
| | |1858/B725 (Therefore, must have been aboard the Diana with |
| | |betrothed.) |
|BESSLER, Heinrich Wilhelm Karl |Roigheim, Württemberg. [Employment Contract.] |Employment Contract signed ‘Heinrich Wilhelm Karl Beßler’ 27 Nov|
|a.k.a. ‘Henry William Charles BESSLER’.| |1857. Contracted to Pollett CARDEW, Moreton Bay. |
| |Roigheim is now in the Heilbronn district of | |
| |Baden-Württemberg. |Other signatories: H. HUSING and ?Mart. LAAM (‘for Pollett |
| | |Cardew’). Likely the master of the Diana and Cardew’s agent in |
| | |Germany. [The German Presence in Queensland over the last 150 |
| | |years. 1988:122] |
|BIEHLMAYER, Dorothea Rosine |Heuberg, Oberamt Öhringen, Württemberg. |Applied to emigrate to Australia Nov 1857 as ‘Dorothea |
| |[Württemberg Emigration Index i.e. WEI] |BIEHLMAYER’. |
| | |[WEI vol. 6 LDS film no. 841019] |
| |Heuberg is now part of the town of Pfedelbach in | |
| |the Hohenlohe district of Baden-Württemberg. |Gave birth to son aboard the Diana. |
| | | |
| | |Married Albrecht FRANK (as ‘Dorothea BIELMEYER’) 30 May 1858 |
| | |Wesleyan Chapel, North Brisbane by Pastor C F A SCHIRMEISTER. |
| | |Brisbane, Q. Ref. 1859/B137 [NSW Ref. 1438/1858] |
| | | |
| | |Witnessed by Franz Anton HOFFMANN, who arriv per Diana, and |
| | |Leonard V. MÜHLING. |
|DIETZ, Leonhard |?Darzbach, Wuerteemberg. [Descendant] |Naturalised 05 Apr 1860 as ‘Leonard DIETZ’, native of Wirtemberg|
| | |(sic), currently a laborer of Toowoomba. [QSA Ref. COL/A4 |
| |This should be ‘Dörzbach, Württemberg’, which is |60/535] Ship’s name provided - Diana. |
| |now in the Hohenlohe district of | |
| |Baden-Württemberg. | |
| | | |
|EICHELE, Franziska Sophia Katharina |Brettach, Oberamt Weinsberg, Württemberg. [WEI] |Applied to emigrate to Australia Nov 1857. |
|Jacobine | |[WEI vol. 6 p.90 LDS film no. 841025] |
| |Brettach is now part of the town of Bretzfeld in | |
| |the Hohenlohe district of Baden-Württemberg. |Married Franz Anton HOFFMANN (as ‘Franziska Sophia EICHELE’) 30 |
| | |May 1858 Wesleyan Chapel, North Brisbane by Pastor C F A |
| | |SCHIRMEISTER. Brisbane, Q. Ref. 1859/B140 [NSW Ref. 1441/1858] |
|FLEISCHMANN, Johann Friedrich |Dörzbach, Oberamt Künzelsau, Württemberg. [WEI] |Applied to emigrate, with wife and four children, to Australia |
| | |Nov 1857. |
| |Dörzbach is now in the Hohenlohe district of |[WEI vol.5 LDS film no. 835756] |
| |Baden-Württemberg. | |
| | |Husband of Margarethe Susannah Jacobine FLEISCHMANN. |
| |Said to have arriv. 1858 per “Eina”: |
| | |
| |“Mr. Johan Fleischmann was born on the 10th day of February 1825 in the town of Dortzhach, in Wertemburg. In the |
| |year 1857 he booked passages for himself and family in the ship "Eina" for Moreton Bay, Australia, and after a |
| |voyage lasting six months, arrived at his destination. On arriving at Moreton Bay, they were met by a small |
| |steamer, and conveyed up the river to Brisbane.” [Jubilee History of Ipswich: A Record of Municipal, Industrial and|
| |Social Progress ed. Geo. Harrison, 1910] |
|FLEISCHMANN, Margarethe Susannah |Dörzbach, Oberamt Künzelsau, Württemberg. [WEI] |Wife of Johann Friedrich FLEISCHMANN. |
|Jacobine nee BURCKEN | | |
|FLEISCHMANN, Karl Heinrich |Dörzbach, Oberamt Künzelsau, Württemberg. [WEI] |Son of Johann Friedrich and Jacobine FLEISCHMANN. |
|a.k.a. ‘Charles Henry FLEISCHMANN’. | | |
| | |Fifty Years in Queensland: Living Pioneer Colonists., The |
|b. 15 Mar 1852 [WEI] | |Queenslander Jubilee Issue 07 August 1909 lists: FLEISCHMANN, |
| | |C’, male, 57 years, as having arrived in Moreton Bay 1858. (No |
| | |ship’s name given.) |
|FLEISCHMANN, Kath. Karol. Hen. |Dörzbach, Oberamt Künzelsau, Württemberg. [WEI] |Daughter of Johann Friedrich and Jacobine FLEISCHMANN. |
| | | |
|b. 24 Jun 1853 [WEI] | | |
|FLEISCHMANN, Karl Heinrich Conrad |Dörzbach, Oberamt Künzelsau, Württemberg. [WEI] |Son of Johann Friedrich and Jacobine FLEISCHMANN. |
| | | |
|b. 25 Oct 1854 [WEI] | | |
|FLEISCHMANN, Friedrich |Dörzbach, Oberamt Künzelsau, Württemberg. [WEI] |Son of Johann Friedrich and Jacobine FLEISCHMANN. |
| | | |
|b. 18 Sep 1857 [WEI] | | |
|FRANK, Johann Georg Albrecht |Niedernhall, Oberamt Künzelsau, Württemberg. [WEI]|Applied to emigrate to Australia Nov 1857. |
|a.k.a. ‘Albert FRANK’. | |[WEI vol. 5 LDS film no. 835756] |
| | | |
| |?Hellmersberg, Württemberg. [Son’s registration |Stated to be informant to registration of birth / father of son,|
| |of birth.] |unnamed, born on board Diana. |
| | | |
| |This is likely to be Hermersberg, now part of the |Married Dorothea BIEHLMAYER 30 May 1858 Wesleyan Chapel, North |
| |town of Niedernhall in the Hohenlohe district of |Brisbane by Pastor C F A SCHIRMEISTER. Brisbane, Q. Ref. |
| |Baden-Württemberg. |1859/B137 [NSW Ref. 1438/1858] |
|FRANK, Unnamed Male |N/A |Son of Albrecht FRANK and Dorothea BIELMEYER. |
|(Likely later named ‘Heinrich’.) | | |
| | |Born at sea aboard the Diana |
| | |26 Feb 1858 Co-ordinates: 24.39 North, 32.14 West Q. Ref. |
| | |1858/M48 [NSW Ref. 500594/1858)] |
|GÖLDNER, Wilhelm Moritz Robert |Geitsdorf, Silesia, Kingdom of Prussia. |Naturalised 09 Mar 1859 Brisbane, Moreton Bay, NSW as ‘Wilhelm |
| |[Application for naturalization.] |Moritz Robert Goeldner’, aged 26 yrs. [SRNSW Ref. Vol. 2 p. 597 |
| | |Reel 129] Ship’s name provided - Diana. (1856) |
| |Geibsdorf, district of Lauban, in the former | |
| |Schlesien (Silesia). Now called Siekierczyn, in | |
| |the district of Lubań, Śląsk, Poland. | |
|GÖLDNER, Daniel Gotthelf Hermann |Giebsdorf, Silesia, Kingdom of Prussia. |Husband of Emilie/Amelia Caroline JACOB/S. |
|a.k.a. ‘Hermann GOELDNER’. |(Descendant] | |
| | |No record of arrival found Hamburg lists. |
| |Geibsdorf, district of Lauban, in the former | |
| |Schlesien (Silesia). Now called Siekierczyn, in |Daniel Gotthelf Hermann GOELDNER and Emilie Caroline JACOB are |
| |the district of Lubań, Śląsk, Poland. |said to have arrived in Queensland with their young sons in |
| | |April 1858. [Nundah: 150 Years and Pioneers’ Pathway: Nundah |
| | |Historical Cemetery 2003:56] |
|GÖLDNER, Emilie/Amelia Caroline nee |As above? |Wife of Daniel Gotthelf Hermann GÖLDNER. |
|JACOB/JACOBS | | |
|GÖLDNER, Ernst Friederich |Geibsdorf, district of Lauban, in the former |Son of Daniel Gotthelf Hermann and Emilie/Amelia GÖLDNER. |
|b. 15 Jan 1850 [Descendant] |Schlesien (Silesia). Now called Siekierczyn, in | |
| |the district of Lubań, Śląsk, Poland. | |
|GÖLDNER, Gustavus Adolph |As above. |Son of Daniel Gotthelf Hermann and Emilie/Amelia GÖLDNER. |
|b. 19 Oct 1853 [Descendant] | | |
|GÖLDNER, Adolph Hermann |As above. |Son of Daniel Gotthelf Hermann and Emilie/Amelia GÖLDNER. |
|b.c. 1856 [Descendant] | | |
|GOEPEL, Johann Friedrich |?Aschara, Germany. [Death Certificate.] |d. 18 Oct 1858 “Telemon Station”, Logan River. Death Certificate|
| | |states “Arrived in the Colony of N.S. Wales per Diana 23rd May |
| |Possibly Aschara, Herzogtum (Duchy) of |1858.” [Q. Ref. 1858/B275 Reg. as ‘John Frederick GOEPEL’.] |
| |Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha, which now falls in the Gotha| |
| |area of Thüringen. |(This may possibly be the ‘unknown Swiss’ referred to pg. 17 |
| | |this table.) |
|GRATZ, Joseph |Baden. [Application for naturalization.] |Married Catharina KÄFERLE 03 Jun 1858 Brisbane, Q. Ref. |
| | |1859/B134 [NSW Ref. 1435/1858] |
|GRATZ, Christian |?Forzbach, Germany. [Death Certificate.] |Son of Joseph GRATZ and Catharina KÄFERLE. |
| | | |
|b. c. 1855 [MI Roma General Cemetery, |Possibly Forbach in the Rastatt district of |Death Certificate states “30 years residence in Australia” i.e. |
|Q. D. 1889 aged 34 years.] |Baden-Württemberg. |arriv. c. 1859 [Q. Ref. 1889/C3225 Reg. as ‘Christian GLATZ’.] |
|GRÜN, Georg |Dörzbach, Oberamt Künzelsau, Württemberg. [WEI and|Applied to emigrate to Australia Nov 1857. |
|a.k.a. ‘George GREEN’. |son’s registration of birth.] |[WEI vol. 5 LDS film no. 835756] |
| | | |
| |Now in the Hohenlohe district of |Stated to be informant to registration of birth / father of son,|
| |Baden-Württemberg. |Carl Johann Georg GRÜN, born on board Diana. |
|GRÜN, Carl Johann Georg |This would be the child who “died six weeks after |Son of Georg GRÜN and Friederike KANDELSIEDER. |
| |birth”, referred to in Dr SCHULZE’s letter. | |
|Died at sea aboard the Diana | |Born at sea aboard the Diana |
|01 Mar 1858 Co-ordinates: | |24 Jan 1858 Co-ordinates: 22.9 North, 21.27 West Q. Ref. |
|29.41 North, 33.45 West Q. Ref. 1858/M3| |1858/M47 Reg. as ‘Carl Johann Georg GRIM’. [NSW Ref. 500593/1858|
|Reg. as ‘Carl Johanus Georg GRUN’. [NSW| |Reg. ‘Carl Johann George GRUN’.] |
|Ref. 501195/1858] | | |
|Buried at Sea 02 Mar 1858 | | |
|GROSS, Conrad |Bavaria, Germany. [Application for |Married ‘Barbara WEIGELT’ 30 May 1858 Wesleyan Chapel, North |
| |naturalization.] |Brisbane by Pastor C F A SCHIRMEISTER. Brisbane, Q. Ref. |
| | |1859/B141 [NSW Ref. 1442/1858] |
| |i.e. Bayern. | |
|HÄCKER, Margaretha |?? |Married Anton ROTH 30 May 1858 Wesleyan Chapel, North Brisbane |
| | |by Pastor C F A SCHIRMEISTER. Brisbane, Q. Ref. 1859/B139 [NSW |
| | |Ref. 1440/1858] |
|HAIS(S), Elisabeth Katharine |Lipporn, St. Goarshausen, Nassau. [Descendant] |Married Johann Carl IHLE 30 May 1858 Wesleyan Chapel, North |
| | |Brisbane by Pastor C F A SCHIRMEISTER. Brisbane, Q. Ref. |
| |Lipporn was in the old administrative district |1859/B138 [NSW Ref. 1439/1858] |
| |(Amt) of St. Goarshausen, Nassau, but is now in | |
| |the Rhein-Lahn district of Rheinland-Pfalz. |Witnessed by Phillip Peter ROSSEL (?RASEL) and Max ?SCHAUL. |
|HAIS(S), Philipp Karl |Parish of ?Nastatten. [Descendant] | |
| | | |
| |Nastätten was the principal town of the | |
| |administrative district (Amt) of Nastätten, but is| |
| |now in the Rhein-Lahn district of Rheinland-Pfalz.| |
|HAIS(S), Katharina nee ?SCHAMP |?? |Wife of Philipp Karl HAIS(S). |
|HAIS(S), Elisabeth Katharina |b. Nassau, Germany. [Marriage Certificate.] |Daughter of Philipp Karl and Katharina HAIS(S). |
|b. 01 Apr 1853 [Descendant] | | |
|HAIS(S), Adam Heinrich | |Son of Philipp Karl and Katharina HAIS(S). |
|a.k.a. ‘Henry HAYES’. | | |
| | |Death Certificate states “Born at sea. Aged 76 years”. i.e. born|
| | |c. 1853. However, he was not born aboard the Diana. Q. Ref. |
| | |1929/C329 Reg. as ‘Henry HAYES’. |
|HOFFMANN, Franz Anton |Klepsau, Baden. [Baden-Württemberg Emigration |Applied to emigrate to Australia 1857 (Month unknown) |
| |Database.] |[Baden-Württemberg Emigration Database i.e. BAW] |
| | | |
| |Klepsau is now part of the town of Krautheim in |Married Franziska Sophia EICHELE 30 May 1858 Wesleyan Chapel, |
| |the Hohenlohe district of Baden-Württemberg. |North Brisbane by Pastor C F A SCHIRMEISTER. Brisbane, Q. Ref. |
| | |1859/B140 [NSW Ref. 1441/1858] |
|HÖLSCHER, Johann Eberhard |Holtrop or Norden, Hannover. [Descendant] |Naturalised 10 Oct 1860 as ‘Johann Eberhard HOELSCHER’, native |
| | |of North Germany, currently overseer or manager of a farm, |
| |Norden is now is now in the Aurich district of |Brisbane. [QSA Ref. COL/A8 60/1810 Microfilm Z4909 & Z4910] |
| |Niedersachsen, so the Holtrop that is meant here |Ship’s name provided - Diana. |
| |is probably the one that is now part of the town | |
| |of Großefehn in the Aurich district, just south |Married ‘Magdaline Wilhelmine RAU’ 11 Jun 1858 Wesleyan Chapel, |
| |of the town of Aurich. |North Brisbane by Pastor C F A SCHIRMEISTER. Brisbane, Q. Ref. |
| | |1859/B136 |
|IMHOFF, Phillip |Munchhausen, Electorate of Hessen. [Descendant] |Obituary 05 Aug 1922 [Clifton Courier] states he left Germany |
| | |“in the good ship Dianna, in charge of Captain Husing, in the |
| |i.e. Münchhausen, Kurhessen, now Münchhausen in |year 1856, arriving at Moreton Bay in the following year.” |
| |the Marburg-Biedenkopf district of Hessen. | |
| | |Note in Münchhausen churchbook beside his baptismal entry states|
| | |“in 1857 emigrated to Australia”. |
|KÄFERLE, Catharina |?? |Married Joseph GRATZ 03 Jun 1858 Brisbane, Q. Ref. 1859/B134 |
| | |[NSW Ref. 1435/1858] as ‘Catharina KAFERLE’. |
|KANDELSIEDER, Friederike Barbara |Dörzbach, Oberamt Künzelsau, Württemberg. [WEI and|Applied to emigrate to Australia Nov 1857 as ‘Friederike C. B. |
| |son’s registration of birth.] |KANDELSIEDER’. |
| | |[Ref. WEI vol. 5 LDS film no. 835756] |
| |Now in the Hohenlohe district of | |
| |Baden-Württemberg. |Gave birth to son aboard the Diana. |
| | | |
| | |Married ‘George GREEN’ (i.e. Georg GRÜN) 07 Sep 1858 Q. Ref. |
| | |1859/B152 |
|MÜHLING, Leonhard Valentin |?Wertheim, Germany. [Death Certificate.] |Married Franziska MUNDINER 30 May 1858 Wesleyan Chapel, North |
| | |Brisbane by Pastor C F A SCHIRMEISTER. Brisbane, Q. Ref. |
|Arriv. c. 1858 [Death Certificate i.e. |Likely Wertheim am Main, now in the Main-Tauber |1859/B142 [NSW Ref. 1443/1858] |
|“Period of residence in Australia? - 55|district of Baden-Württemberg. | |
|years” Q. Ref. 1913/C4252] | | |
|MÜHLING, Margaret |Marktheidenfeld, Bavaria. |Daughter of Leonard Valentin MÜHLING and Franziska MUNDINER. |
|‘Margarethe’? | | |
|b. c. 1856 |Now in the Main-Spessart district of Bayern. | |
|MUNDINER, Franziska |?? |Married ‘Leonard Walentin MUHLING’ 30 May 1858 Wesleyan Chapel, |
| | |North Brisbane by Pastor C F A SCHIRMEISTER. Brisbane, Q. Ref. |
| | |1859/B142 [NSW Ref. 1443/1858] |
|NAUMANN, Johannes |Munchhausen, Electorate of Hessen. [Descendant] | |
|a.k.a. ‘John NAUMANN, Snr.’ | | |
| |i.e. Münchhausen, Kurhessen, now Münchhausen in | |
| |the Marburg-Biedenkopf district of Hessen. | |
| |NAUMANN’s wife, Catherine DERSCH, and four children arriv. per Sophie Moreton Bay 1865. Another daughter, |
| |Elizabeth, arrived per Beausite in 1866. Family lore holds that Johannes arriv. seven years earlier than his family|
| |i.e. c. 1858 |
| | |
| |Two individuals named ‘Johannes NAUMANN’ applied to emigrate from Münchhausen in late 1857 (fitting with a Diana |
| |arrival) and one of these is likely to be the man born 1821 and later known as ‘John NAUMANN, Snr.’ [Staatsarchiv |
| |Marburg – Emigrant Database.] |
|RAU, Magdalene Wilhelmine Charlotte |Speyer, Bavarian Palatinate. [Descendent] |Married ‘Johann Eberhard HOLSCHER’ as ‘Magdaline Wilhelmine RAU’|
| | |11 Jun 1858 Brisbane, Q. Ref. 1859/B136 [NSW Ref. 1437/1858] |
| |i.e. Speyer, Baierische Pfalz, now a municipality | |
| |in Rheinland-Pfalz. |HÖLSCHER arriv. per Diana. First child, Jelto Ludewig John |
| | |Charles HOELSCHER, b. 16 Nov 1858 Q. Ref. 1858/B799 (Therefore, |
| |Or possibly Spier, Württemberg. [Descendent] |must have been aboard the Diana with betrothed.) |
| | | |
|ROTH, Anton |Langeleiden , Bavaria, Germany. [Marriage and |Married ‘Margaretha HACKER’ 30 May 1858 Wesleyan Chapel, North |
| |Death Certificates.] |Brisbane by Pastor C F A SCHIRMEISTER. Brisbane, Q. Ref. |
|Arriv. c. 1859 [Death Certificate i.e. | |1859/B139 [NSW Ref. 1440/1858] |
|“Period of residence in Australia? - 23|Probably Langenleiten, Bavaria, now part of the | |
|years” Q. Ref. 1882/C380 ‘Anthon |town of Sandberg in the Rhön-Grabfeld district of | |
|ROTH’.] |Bayern. | |
|SCHNITZERLING, Conrad |Neuenbrunslar, Kurhessen. [Descendant] |Conrad SCHNITZERLING, Lutheran, Carpenter, of Bremen, Germany, |
| | |arriv. Diana, Moreton Bay 1858. [ QSA: Register of male & female|
| |Now part of the town of Felsberg in the |prisoners admitted & discharged - HM Goal, Brisbane 1856 - 1859|
| |Schwalm-Eder district of Hessen. |PRI1/25] |
|SCHULZE, Dr. Carl Fried. |Vielsen, Hannover. [Staatsarchiv Bremen |Accoucheur re registrations of birth for the GRÜN and FRANK |
|a.k.a. ‘Charles Frederick SCHULZE’. |2-P.8.B.8.c.1.a.Bd.2. Nr.186 (FB 2382)] |infants born aboard the Diana. |
| | | |
| |Possibly Vahlzen, now part of the town of |Wrote letter (date unknown) which, in part, defended Capt. |
| |Neuenkirchen in the Soltau-Fallingbostel district |HÜSING and detailed inadequate provisioning of Diana from |
| |of Niedersachsen. |“Toowomba, Mortan Bai, South Australia”. |
|SCHWEIN(S)BERG, Sophia Caroline | ?Gottsberg or ?Gatsburg, Germany. [Daughters’ |Partner of Conrad SCHNITZERLING. |
| |respective 1859 and 1860 Birth Certificates. Typed| |
| |transcripts, not scans of original register |SCHNITZERLING arriv. per Diana. |
| |entries.] | |
| | |Had child, Hannah (Reg. as ‘SCHNETERLING’), 13 Feb 1859 Warwick,|
| |Descendant information suggests an origin in |[Q. Ref. 1859/2070] If a full-term baby, she would have been |
| |Hessen, so this might be Gottsbüren, |conceived approx. May 1858, which coincides with the arrival of |
| |Hessen-Kassel, now part of the town of Trendelburg|the Diana. |
| |in the Kassel district of Hessen. | |
|SEIFFARTH, Friederich |Luetzen, Prussia. [Marriage Certificate.] |Naturalised 09 Apr 1860 as ‘Frederick SEIFFARTH’, native of |
|a.k.a. ‘Fred the Cooper’. | |Prussia, currently a cooper of Toowoomba. [QSA Ref. COL/A4 |
| |Possibly Lützen, now in the Weißenfels district of|60/535] Ship’s name provided - Diana. |
| |Sachsen-Anhalt. | |
|TRUSS, ‘John’ |Obituary 07 Jun 1902 [Toowoomba Chronicle] states he was born 22 Nov 1838 in Munchhausen, Hesse (i.e. Münchhausen, |
| |Kurhessen), the son of a Bürgermeister, and that he “left Germany early in 1858, landing in Brisbane on May 30, |
| |1858.” Some descendants believe TRUSS may have arrived per the Diana. However, no supporting evidence for this has |
| |come to light. The Johannes TRUSS from Münchhausen, aged 20, who applied to emigrate in Nov 1858 [Staatsarchiv |
| |Marburg – Emigrant Database] cannot have departed Bremen on the Diana and is more likely to have arriv. per the |
| |Solon to Moreton Bay in May 1859. |
|UNKNOWN: |According to Dr. SCHULZE, a Swiss male passenger who arrived per the Diana died soon afterwards as the result of |
| |poor provisioning during the voyage, specifically, an inadequate ‘invalid diet’. |
|A Swiss male. (See ‘GOEPEL, Johan | |
|Frederich’.) | |
|UNKNOWN: |Their brother, unnamed and a tradesman in Brisbane, paid their passage. |
| | |
|Two sisters, presumably in their late |Said to be have been ‘debauched’ during the voyage of the Diana and to have “reached this colony in a condition |
|teens/ early-mid twenties. |which forbids their contracting an alliance with any respectable, honest man” i.e. presumably pregnant. |
| | |
| |[Darling Downs Gazette 10 Jun 1858.] |
|UNKNOWN: |“.. a young woman, a mere child in appearance, but who [was] twenty years of age” was said to have been seduced by |
| |one of the officers of the Diana. |
|Female | |
|b. c. 1837 |[Darling Downs Gazette 10 Jun 1858.] |
|UNKNOWN: |According to Dr SCHULZE, a stillborn child was delivered during the voyage. Therefore, a pregnant woman, other than|
| |Friedericke KANDELSIEDER or Dorothea BIEHLMAYER, had to have been aboard. |
|Female | |
|WEIGELT, Barbara |?? |Married Conrad GROSS (as ‘Barbara WEIGELT’) 30 May 1858 Wesleyan|
|(Possibly ‘WIEGELD’ or ‘WIEGELT’.) | |Chapel, North Brisbane by Pastor C F A SCHIRMEISTER. Brisbane, |
| | |Q. Ref. 1859/B141 [NSW Ref. 1442/1858] |
|WELLER, Friedrich Carl |?Baum, Erlenbach, Kingdom of Würtemberg. |Naturalised 01 May 1860 as ‘Friedrich Carl WELLER’, native of |
| |[Application for naturalization.] |Baum, Erlenbach, Kingdom of Würtemberg, currently a tailor of |
| | |Brisbane. [QSA Ref. COL/A4 60/688] Ship’s name provided - Diana.|
| |This should be Baumerlenbach, Oberamt Öhringen, | |
| |Würtemberg. Baumerlenbach is now in the Hohenlohe | |
| |district of Baden-Württemberg. | |
|WELLER, Sophia Rosine nee ENGLERT. |?? |Wife of Friedrich Carl WELLER. |
|WILDERMUTH, David Heinrich |Eschenau, Kingdom of Würtemberg. [Application for |Naturalised 04 Jun 1860 as ‘David Heinrich WILDERMUTH’, native |
| |naturalization.] |of Baum, Erlenbach, Kingdom of Würtemberg, currently a practical|
| | |farmer of Toowoomba. ‘Eagle Farm, near Brisbane’ crossed out. |
| |Eschenau is now in the Heilbronn district of |[QSA Ref. COL/A4 60/967] Ship’s name provided - Diana. |
| |Baden-Württemberg. | |
| | |Married Christiana ALTER 04 Jun 1858 Brisbane, Q. Ref. 1859/B135|
| | |[NSW Ref. 1436/1858] |
| | | |
| | |Witnessed by C. G. CAMPEN (See Endnote 12) and Anton PFITZNER. |
Origins and Religions:
It’s difficult to draw conclusions about the make-up of the immigrants who arrived per the Diana, as the above, being roughly half of those 104 immigrants said to have been aboard, may not accurately reflect that of the total group.
The Moreton Bay Free Press (01 Jun 1858) reported that the immigrants aboard the Diana were “principally from the southern part of Germany” and this would seem to be borne out by those places of origin which have been established for the individuals listed above i.e. most hailed from Württemberg, with a smattering from Baden, Bavaria and Hesse.
The GÖLDNER (later ‘GOELDNER’) family does tend to stand out in this assessment, as the Province of Silesia lay in what was the south-east of the Kingdom of Prussia; removed geographically, politically and culturally from the southern German states.
With regards religiosity, a slight majority of those listed above were of Protestant background. However, the FRANK, GROSS and MÜHLING couples appear an anomaly, in that they were married by Pastor SCHIRMEISTER, according to the Rites of the Lutheran Church, but appear to have actually followed the Catholic faith.[clxi] Perhaps the advantage of a ceremony in the German language outweighed the consideration of which Christian denomination was chosen.
Obviously, if additional information about other Diana immigrants comes to light, generalizations made here could change.
The author of this article would be very pleased to hear of any other immigrants who arrived aboard the Diana and is happy to provide any further information accumulated re individuals mentioned in this article.
Please contact: Lisa Burton, 53 Silverton Drive, TANNUM SANDS Q 4680
burtonlisa61@
-----------------------
[i] According to Robert C. Heussler in his book A Colonial Father: The Story of German-born Queenslander J C Heussler (Self-published, [Sydney] 2001), a third ship brought immigrants from Bremen to Moreton Bay, the Amhurst, arriving in October 1858. This appears incorrect. The Amhurst (also Amherst) sailed from Sydney to Moreton Bay, following her arrival in Sydney on 13 September from Batavia with no passengers aboard. Apparently she merely trans-shipped newly arrived German immigrants from Sydney to Brisbane, most likely those who arrived from Bremen on 07 September per the Wilhelm Kirchner.
[ii] Although ‘departing passenger lists’ for these ships have not survived, it is not correct that ‘all the Bremen (shipping) records were lost during World War II’, a statement regularly proffered in one form or another. Even though Bremen sustained devastating damage as a result of Allied bombing, resulting in the loss of countless historical documents, the Bremen Archives had already systematically culled much documentation relating to emigration and shipping long before the middle of the twentieth century. See the website of Die Maus (the Family History and Genealogical Society of Bremen) at and, specifically, .
[iii] Queensland State Archives: Alphabetical Register of Ships Arrivals 1848 – 1901 per the ‘Card Index’ provides the following references: Solon - List of Ships Arriving, Microfilm Z33 p. 423, 28 May 1859; Diana – List of Ships Arriving, Microfilm Z33 p. 73, 27 May 1858.
[iv] Board’s Lists for various vessels arriving in the 1840s and 1850s are held by State Records New South Wales (SRNSW), but are also accessible through the “Genealogical Research Kit” (GRK) held by many local and state libraries.
[v] Registers maintained by the Bremen Seemannsamt (i.e. the Mariners’ Office of the Hanseatic Port of Bremen 1815 - 1917) and held by the Staatsarchiv Bremen (State Archives). has placed these records, as well as the Bremer Seeleuteregister 1824 – 1917 (Bremen sailors’ index), on-line in the form of a searchable data-base at . (Look under ‘Immigration and Travel’ and narrow search to German records.) This is a ‘pay to view’ site, but if you believe your forefather ‘worked his passage’ to these shores on, or ‘jumped ship’ from, a vessel which departed Bremen, this website could be useful in determining the veracity of that. By using the ‘surname’ (‘Nachname’) and ‘Birthplace’ (‘Geburtsort’) or ‘Residence’ (‘Wohnort’) fields, you may be able to determine if you have a likely ‘hit’ without first taking up a membership to the site.
[vi] Master: Herm. HÜSING and then, in alphabetical order, rather than crew ranking: Johann BRAAMS, Hinrich ESMANN, Johann FRESE, Carl Herm. HÜSING, Wilhelm JÄGER, Gottfried MEYER, Heinr. RAMPENTHAL, Friedr. RANKENBERG, Hermann REINERS, Cord. Fried. SPRUNG, Hinrich SPRUNG, Peter TRENLIEB and Christian WULFKEN. (Using the Bremer Seeleuteregister, it can be determined that Carl Herm. HÜSING had been born in 1844 in Bremen. Therefore, approx. 13 years of age when he was signed on to the Diana as ‘Junge’ i.e. a ship’s boy. It appears this was the only voyage he made from the port of Bremen.)
[vii] For a copy of BESSLER’s contract, in German and dated 27 Nov 1857, see p. 122 The German presence in Queensland over the last 150 years ed. M. Jurgensen and A. Corkhill, Dept. of German, University of Queensland, St. Lucia [Qld.] 1988 in an article by C. Erdmann p. 112-124. In the mid 1850s CARDEW owned “Euromba” or “Euroomba” on the Upper Dawson i.e. the area of present-day Taroom, Q. It’s possible that BESSLER may have seen out the period of his original contract on “Euromba” and even stayed on in, or returned to, the area at a later date. [See Queensland Government Gazette vol. VIII 06 Apr 1867 Unclaimed Letters ref. 68: H. BESLER, of Taroom.]
[viii] Information from Death Certificate [Q. Ref. 1858/B225].
[ix] George Reinhard FRANCKSEN later served the newly created Colony of Queensland as Honorary Consul for the Duchy of Oldenburg, being appointed in 1860. [Queensland Government Gazette 19 May 1860 p. 176, 445 “Consul for Oldenburg Appointed”.]
[x] Paterson, Jenny. ‘German ships with no ship lists. Part 1: Fanny Kirchner and Wilhelm Kirchner from Bremen to Sydney 1858’ in: Ances-tree vol.19 no.2 July 2006. p. 19
[xi] Ibid. Wilhelm KIRCHNER “was the recruiting agent for more than 800 government-assisted German families who arrived in NSW as vinedressers and wine coopers between 1849 and 1856. As Consul for Hamburg in Sydney, he must have had a close association with the Johann César Godeffroy shipping line. A majority of the assisted immigrants arrived in NSW on Hamburg ships. However, Kirchner also apparently forged a close relationship with ship owners in Oldenburg, …”
[xii] Brisbane Courier 23 Jun 1865 CAMPEN’s ‘open letter’ in the form of an advertisement p. 5. CAMPEN and HEUSSLER appear to have had a somewhat acrimonious relationship and ‘locked horns’ on several occasions during the mid-1860s and into the early 1870s, as evidenced by reports of court proceedings in the Moreton Bay Courier, Queenslander, etc. One of these related to CAMPEN acting as administrator for George Reinhard FRANCKSEN’s estate. CAMPEN may have also arrived per the Fanny Kirchner.
[xiii] FRANCKSEN died ‘intestate, unmarried, without issue and without any relatives resident in the Colony’, aged just 26 years, on 19 Feb 1863. See The Queenslander 25 Apr 1868 (Q. BDM Ref. 1863/1066)
[xiv] Heussler, Robert C. op.cit p.56, 62
[xv] Corkhill, A. Queensland and Germany: ethic, socio-cultural, political and trade relations 1838-1991. Academia, Melbourne 1992:15
[xvi] Complaints re the lack of segregated accommodation and qualified medical personnel aboard immigrant ships, as well as the quality/quantity of provisions were the impetus for the 1858 Parliamentary Inquiry into German Immigration which was appointed 26 May 1858 and sat, intermittently, until 11 Aug 1858. [NSW Legislative Council Journal 1858 vol 3, Legislative Council Select Committee on German Immigration. p.355-406]
[xvii] A transcription of SCHULZE’s original letter is to be found in a file entitled “Beschwerde von Passagieren der Schiffe DIANA und PAULINE über schlecht Behandlung während der Überfahrt nach Australien (1857) 1859” (i.e. “Complaints of passengers of the ships DIANA and PAULINE about bad treatment during the voyage to Australia (1857) 1859”) in the Bremen State Archives. [Staatsarchiv Bremen 2-P.8.B.8.c.1.a.Bd.2. Nr.186 (FB 2382)] It’s not known to whom this letter was originally addressed, nor is the copy dated. To view a scan of this file, see .
[xviii] Moreton Bay Free Press 15 Jun 1858 p.3
[xix] The average age of the seamen on board the Diana was approx. 23 years. Therefore, it’s probably not beyond the realms of imagination that fraternization could have occurred with the young females aboard. It is interesting to note that most of these men had not previously sailed with Captain HÜSING. Exceptions were Heinrich SPRUNG, who had sailed served on the Diana on her earlier voyage that year to New York, and Christian WULFKEN, who had served on three earlier voyages. JÄGER (b. 1834) and TRENLIEB (b. 1832) were the ship’s officers and, therefore, either one may be the officer said to be have been involved with the one young woman.
[xx] These types of letters are reasonably common and were apparently highly prized by the commanders of the vessels in question. They were presented to the owners of the said ships upon arrival back in their home port and often secured a monetary bonus.
[xxi] The Editor has apparently prefaced this letter with: “It is but Justice when so many, and perhaps well-founded, complaints are made respecting the treatment of German Immigrants, to give insertion to the following:”.
[xxii] Frustratingly, this newspaper item ends with the statement that, “Here follow 36 signatures.” but, unfortunately, these were not transcribed from the original letter.
[xxiii] WICKHAM was, in all likelihood, genuinely dismayed at the situation he found himself in. He appears to have been highly regarded and is said to have shown much ‘sympathy and understanding’ in his role as Resident; exercising “his authority with judgment and a genuine sense of responsibility”. Source: .
[xxiv] SRNSW Colonial Secretary: Main Series of letters received, 1826-1982, CGS 905 1858 4/3382 letter 58/2243
[xxv] NSW Legislative Council Journal 1858 vol 3, Minutes of Evidence taken before the Legislative Council Select Committee on German Immigration p.392 [p.28 of the ‘Minutes of Evidence’.]
[xxvi] Paterson, Jenny. op.cit. See Endnote 10.
[xxvii] See Endnote 17. See also, Corkhill, A. Queensland and Germany: ethic, socio-cultural, political and trade relations 1838-1991. Academia, Melbourne 1992 p.14 for a partial translation of a complaint re the Pauline (arriv. 1857 from Bremen) published in Die Deutsche Sydney Presse dated 01 Jul 1857, a copy of which is contained in this file.
[xxviii] [Staatsarchiv Bremen 2-P.8.B.8.c.1.d. Nr.191] and cited in Corkhill ibid. p.15
[xxix] Moreton Bay Courier 03 Jul through to 23 Oct 1858
[xxx] HÜSING held a one-fifth share in the vessel. The other co-owners being: H. Knoop & Sohn (one-fifth), D. Cordes & Co. (one-eighth), Heinrich Mallet (one-tenth) and Otto Bosse (one-quarter). Personal correspondence (E-mail) from Dr P-M. Pawlik dated 11 May 2010
[xxxi] Pawlik, P-M., Von der Weser in die Welt; Die Geschichte der Segelschiffe von Weser und Geeste und ihrer Bauwerften 1770 bis 1927 Band III (From the Weser to the world; the history of the sailing ships of the Weser and Geeste and their construction shipyards 1770 to 1927 vol. III) Hauschild-Verlag, [Bremen] 2008, p. 51-53 no. 9, as well as personal correspondence from Dr Pawlik dated 04 May 2009
[xxxii] Corkhill, A. op.cit.
[xxxiii] Personal correspondence from Dr Pawlik dated 11 May 2010 and from Dr. Matthias Nistal, Staatsachiv Oldenburg, dated 19 Jul 2010
[xxxiv] Variations of the name include: ‘HUSING’, ‘HUISING’, ‘HUSSING’ and ‘HEISING’.
[xxxv] Pawlik op.cit. states 107 passengers, but contemporary newspaper reports relating to the Diana’s arrival in Moreton Bay all state she carried 104 passengers.
[xxxvi] All dates, excluding that of the Bremen departure, in this paragraph per Lloyd’s List – Correspondence from Guildhall Library, London, dated 05 May 2009. Bremen departure date according to Pawlik op. cit. and the Marine Register of Births 1858 pg.4, held by Queensland Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages.
[xxxvii] Dr C F Schulze’s letter. op. cit. See Endnote 17. Dr Schulze wrote very little about the voyage itself, although he does refer to letters he sent to the addressee from Deal, Falmouth and Bahia, Brazil. Perhaps these contained more information about the departure, etc.
[xxxviii] Present-day Salvador, Baía de Todos os Santos (All Saints’ Bay), in the state of Bahia, Brazil.
[xxxix] Discrepancies exist re the arrival date for the Diana. Lloyd’s List states that the ‘German emigrant ship “Diana”’ had arrived off Brisbane 25 May 1858. (Correspondence from Guildhall Library, op.cit.) When Captain HÜSING registered the births which occurred during the voyage, it was recorded that the Diana had ‘arrived at Moreton Bay on the 23rd May 1858.’ The Sydney Morning Herald (31 May 1858) reported that she had arrived at the [Brisbane] Bar on 25th instant, while the Moreton Bay Courier (26 May 1858) and the Melbourne Argus (02 Jun 1858) stated that she had arrived Moreton Bay 24 May. Queensland State Archives’ List of Ships Arriving, Microfilm Z33 p. 73, records an arrival date of 27 May 1858.
[xl] Moreton Bay Courier 26 May 1858 p. 2 – Shipping Intelligence.
[xli] Ibid. Also, Dr C F Schulze’s letter. op. cit. See Endnote 17.
[xlii] Moreton Bay Free Press 01 Jun 1858
[xliii] Moreton Bay Courier 23 June 1858 p. 2 – Shipping Intelligence. Pawlik op.cit. states that she was actually bound for Samarang, Borneo, where she arrived 21 Aug 1858 and then took on cargo for a Chinese port.
[xliv] A major tributary of the Hawkesbury River north of Sydney. Sydney Morning Herald 21 Jun 1858
[xlv] Various, including Melbourne Argus 07 May 1861 and Brisbane Courier 27 May 1861, originally reported Melbourne Herald, date unknown.
[xlvi] Melbourne Argus 07 May 1861p. 4
[xlvii] It was, in fact, reported that Captain HÜSING had actually dreamt of a vessel in distress in the early hours of the morning of the day the Diana fell in with the Augusta and, although not being “a believer in dreams”, nevertheless, upon waking, directed the Mate to “keep a good look out”. At about noon, a vessel appeared on the horizon, the Augusta, “labouring very heavily” and flying the signal of distress. Brisbane Courier 27 May 1861, originally reported Melbourne Herald, date unknown.
[xlviii] Melbourne Argus 07 May 1861p. 4
[xlix] Melbourne Argus 11 May 1861
[l] Melbourne Argus 13 May 1861
[li] Pawlik op. cit.
[lii] Along with the Diana, four other vessels ran aground in the Weser mouth during this storm; the Oldenburg schooner Vesta, the British sailing vessels, Morning Glory and Gloucestershire, and the American ship Merrimac.
[liii] Pawlik op. cit.
[liv] A comparable vessel would be the Herzog Ernst, also built by the Knickmann yard and similar in tonnage, etc. to the Diana, an image of which can be found in Dr P-M Pawlik’s Von der Weser in die Welt, Vol. III (Bremen-Bremerhaven-Geestemünde), Bremen 2008:59
[lv] Burton, Lisa. ‘German ships with no ship lists. Part 2: Solon from Bremen to Moreton Bay 1859’ in Ances-tree vol.21 no.2 July 2008.
[lvi] Notations appearing in the fiche series, including ‘M’ or ‘MAR’ for ‘Marine’, ‘C’ for ‘Country registration’, ‘B’ for ‘Brisbane’, etc., were, at one point, removed from the Registry’s Indexes on-line. However, following strong public feedback, they have been reinstated. See .
[lvii] Copies of all available registrations made in Queensland can be obtained through the Queensland Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages. See .
[lviii] Captain HÜSING was quite thorough in the information he provided with regards the parents’ personal details, etc. and even provided the ship’s position viz. co-ordinates for the births.
[lix] See .
[lx] Unfortunately, the Bremen Seemannsamt only began to maintain a series of registers which recorded births occurring aboard ships departing Bremen from 1868 onwards. As for births possibly recorded in ports such as Bahia, Brazil, I have no idea as to how to go about searching for such records, although the Catholic Church was required by Law to record all births and deaths from 1850 and, broadly speaking, civil registration was then introduced in 1870. See:
.
[lxi] Dr C F Schulze’s letter. op. cit. See Endnote 17.
[lxii] Paterson, Jenny. op.cit. See Endnote 10.
[lxiii] These records are held by the Staatsarchiv Bremen i.e. Bremen State Archives (see staatsarchiv.bremen.de/ ), but are also available through
[lxiv] Personal correspondence (E-mail) from Dr Jörn Brinkhus, Staatsarchiv Bremen, dated 07 Jul 2010.
[lxv] Maria Eva SCHUBACH, her husband, Sebastian, and children emigrated to Australia on the Beulah, arriving in Sydney 04 April 1849. They lost their young child on the voyage, a loss that Eva informed her family of in a letter home. There is a translation of this letter in Greetings from the land where milk and honey flows’: The German migration to NSW 1838 – 1858, ed. Patricia Cloos and Jürgen Tampke, Mawson ACT, 1993, p. 125 – 128
[lxvi] Paterson, Jenny. op.cit. See Endnote 10.
[lxvii] Q. Ref. 1859/B137 – 1859/B142, inclusive. NSW Ref. 1438/1858 – 1443/1858, inclusive. (Note: The Queensland references are NOT an error. These registrations have a prefacing year of 1859, although the events occurred in 1858.)
[lxviii] Actually, ‘Carl Friedrich Alexander Franz’ SCHIRMEISTER.
[lxix] For a description of how a similar ceremony was conducted for twelve couples per the Wilhelm Kirchner, see Sydney Morning Herald 23 Sep 1858 p. 5
[lxx] The FRANK / BIEHLMAYER marriage was witnessed by two of the other grooms of the day i.e. Franz HOFFMANN and Leonard MÜHLING.
[lxxi] See ‘Indexes to births’ pg. 4 this article, as well as Table pg. 13.
[lxxii] Please see ‘Special Cases: IHLE’ pg. 10 this article.
[lxxiii] Elisabeth HAISS was from what is now the Rhein-Lahn district of Rheinland-Pfalz, whilst Carl IHLE was from what is now the district of Heilbronn, Baden-Württemberg.
[lxxiv] I have been unable to determine anything further about Johan Melger MEIER. It’s possible that his name was actually ‘Johan Melchior MEIER’ and he, too, MAY have arrived per the Diana. However, an individual whose name was likely Anglicized to ‘John MEIER’ or ‘John MEYER’ is very difficult to track, owing to the fact that ‘MEIER’, ‘MEYER’, ‘MAYER’, etc. is both common and often interchangeable.
[lxxv] According to respective Naturalization documents. Please see Table pg. 15 and 18.
[lxxvi] If it’s correct that HÖLSCHER came from Hannover and his bride, Magdalene RAU, from Bavaria Pfalz, it’s unlikely they knew each other prior to departure.
[lxxvii] Theile, F. Otto. One Hundred Years of the Lutheran Church in Queensland. Publication Committee of the Queensland District United Evangelical Lutheran Church in Australia, Brisbane 1938 p.8, the Queenslander 15 Oct 1887 Death Notice Rev. C. F. A. SCHIRMEISTER, the Brisbane Courier 22 Jul 1905, and .
[lxxviii] For a fuller explanation of some of these difficulties, see Burton, Lisa. ‘German ships with no ship lists. Part 2: Solon from Bremen to Moreton Bay 1859’ in Ances-tree vol.21 no.2 July 2008.
[lxxix] SRNSW Indexes online: Naturalizations 1834 – 1903 at , Reg. No. 2 p. 597 Item [4/1201] Reel129. The ship name is not given in the online index, but comes from the original naturalisation information filmed to that reel.
[lxxx] See .
[lxxxi] Many ‘aliens’, having arrived as children and having lived in their communities for decades, weren’t registered, as they, presumably, considered themselves ‘Australian’; a view apparently also held by others, including the local authorities.
[lxxxii] You may find an Alien Registration Certificate by doing a search using ‘Alien – Surname’ in RecordSearch on the National Archives of Australia website at . If a record for the individual you are seeking exists, there may even already be a digital copy available for viewing and, if not, you can request one made.
[lxxxiii] There isn’t actually a place on the Alien Registration form for a ship name and it is rare to find one included. However, a date of entry into the Commonwealth should be stated and this can provide a starting point for historians.
[lxxxiv] I am indebted to Caroline Kuhn for this snippet, from original research by Joan Ainsworth. See also Toowoomba and Darling Downs Family History Society Inc., Darling Downs Biographical register to 1900 Part 1 A -K, Toowoomba 2006 p. 183&184
[lxxxv] See . By 2011 it’s estimated that the service will make available some 40 million newspaper articles. See also the National Library of Australia’s ‘Trove’ service at .
[lxxxvi] For example, the Tenterfield Public Library’s “Digitised Tenterfield Newspaper Collection 1875 – 1955” comprises every available/known issue of the Tenterfield Star and the Tenterfield Independent and New England Gazette, but is only accessible through the Library’s own intranet system.
[lxxxvii] Held at Queensland State Archives. For an explanation of what hospital records have survived in Queensland, and how to access these, refer to Judy Webster’s website at . As Ms Webster states: “A hospital register is sometimes the only surviving source of information about immigration.” Some indexes to these registers e.g. for Brisbane and Mackay are now available via the QSA website at . However, keep in mind that you will need to access the actual registers to see possible information relating to ‘Length of time in the Colony’/’ship of arrival’.
[lxxxviii] See . There are separate indexes to several different series of records re mental asylum inmates available and, as Ms Webster advises, all should be used to gather possible information.
[lxxxix] QSA Item ID 2917 (PRI1/25) In addition, an index to prisoners admitted to Toowoomba Goal 1864 - 1906 is now available at . However, it wouldn’t seem that these registers recorded the ship of arrival for those admitted.
[xc] Available through either SRNSW or Queensland State Archives. Can also be purchased in CD form through Archive CD Books Australia at . While the Queensland Gazettes themselves are only indexed from 1897 onwards, Judy Webster has indexed some names from the Queensland Gazettes (see ), while the QFHS has a CD “Queensland Police Gazette Index 1864 -1874” available. (See .)
[xci] A component of the “Pastkeys Miscellaneous Indexes” CD (itself part of the “NSW Immigration Index Series”) which is available through Gould Genealogy. (See .)
[xcii] Predominantly in German, although some correspondence/material is in English.
[xciii] Go to and type ‘German Consulate Brisbane’ in the search field. This will bring up the relevant files, including those that can be viewed on-line.
[xciv] QSA Ref. COL/A4 60/535
[xcv] Information from Death Certificate [Q. Ref. 1896/C4506].
[xcvi] QFHS Queensland Miners’ Rights and Business Licences 1870 - 1884 SEIFFARTH, Frederick - Gympie: 10 Jun 1871 (vol. XII), 13 Jul 1872 (vol. XIII) and 10 Oct 1874 (vol. XV)
[xcvii] QSA Ref. JUS/N242 232/1896 Film no. 91091
[xcviii] FRANK described as such when his son’s birth (26 Feb 1858) and death (07 Dec 1858) were recorded, as well as when he, himself, married (30 May 1858).
[xcix] Meyer’s Queensland PO Directory 1868 - Albert FRANK, tailor, Albion Street, Warwick.
[c] Brisbane Courier 02 Mar 1927
[ci] QSA Ref. COL/A4 60/688
[cii] Meyer’s Directory 1868 lists: ‘WELLER, Charles, tailor, Henry street’, as does the Brisbane PO Directory and Country Guide 1887. McNaught’s Brisbane Directory 1878-1879 lists: Fredr. Weller, tailor, Henry st., Spring Hill, as does Hollander’s Brisbane PO Directory and Country Guide 1888)
[ciii] Brisbane Courier 08 Apr 1872, 17 and 18 Feb 1874 and McNaught’s Brisbane Directory 1878-1879 lists: William GOELDNER, cabinet maker, 44 Queen St.
[civ] Wilhelm Moritz GOELDNER, cabinet maker, was faced Insolvency in 1883 and was declared Insolvent in 1891. [QFHS, Inc. Index to Queensland Intestacies, Insolvencies and Wills 1859 -1900, Brisbane Courier 27 Jun 1891 and QSA: Insolvency File 3175/1891 Item no. 1060192] See also Brisbane Courier Monday 29 Oct 1883 – through to Tuesday 20 Nov 1883
[cv] GRÜN described as such when his son’s birth (24 Jan 1858) was recorded.
[cvi] QSA Ref. SCT/CF2 961
[cvii] Moreton Bay Courier 14 Apr 1860 (GREEN pleaded ignorance of the Law and was only fined the cost of the summons.)
[cviii] Moreton Bay Courier 08 and 13 Dec 1860
[cix] Georg GRÜN / George GREEN was certainly residing in Brisbane in the late 1850s and 1860s, as the registrations of the births of children born to him and his wife, Friedericke, during this period show.
[cx] Brisbane Courier 26 Jun 1867 and 20 Jul 1872 Family Notices – Births.
[cxi] QSA Ref. SCT/P179 Film no. Z155 Ecclesiastical Will no. 5816 741982
[cxii] Waterson, D. B. Squatter, Selector and Storekeeper: A History of the Darling Downs 1859 – 93. Sydney University Press 1968:130
[cxiii] Likely refers to immigrants who arrived per the Pauline Moreton Bay May 1857
[cxiv] Moreton Bay Courier 06 and 20 Jun 1857 - Relevant items in these issues include an editorial, WICKHAM’s response to a deputation of working men, also complaints about priority and slow pace of work, the lack of advertisement of availability of work and the openness of the arrangement.
[cxv] Ibid. Letters to the Editor, etc.
[cxvi] Ibid. Complaint about priority and slow pace of work, also another section same issue re lack of advertisement of availability of work/openness of arrangement.
[cxvii] Ibid.
[cxviii] Melbourne Argus 06 Oct 1857
[cxix] Child, Caroline, b. 09 May 1859 and registered at Drayton. [Q. Ref. 1859/C470 and NSW Ref. 6968/1859]
[cxx] Darling Downs Biographical Register to 1900 Part 1 A-K pg. 168
[cxxi] Marriage Certificate [Q. Ref. 1874/B4315] 12 Apr 1874 and Naturalization 24 Jun 1875 [QSA Ref. SCT/CF10 no. 3178].
[cxxii] Unclaimed Letters: Anton ROTH, of Ipswich, 02 Sep 1865 Q.G.G. vol.VI ref. 19, 30 Sep 1865 vol.VI ref. 46 and of Glengallan Swamp, 30 Jul 1870 Q.G.G. vol. XI ref. 42
[cxxiii] Child, Conrad, b. 30 Jan 1859 [Q. Ref. 1859/B881] and baptized 01 May 1859 St. Stephens’s Catholic Cathedral, Brisbane, as ‘Conrad CROSS’.
[cxxiv] Unclaimed Letters: Conrad GROSS, of Rockhampton, 25 Jan 1862 Q.G.G. vol.III ref. 15
[cxxv] Official Queensland P.O. Directory 1874 (R. P. Whitworth)
[cxxvi] Child, Michael, born at Durah 02 Apr 1863 [Q. Ref. 1859/B881].
[cxxvii] Information from Birth Certificate of son, John, born 25 Feb 1866 [Q. Ref. 1866/C384].
[cxxviii] Presumably placed by the Nundah Historic Cemetery Preservation Association, Inc.
[cxxix] Variations include ‘UNGER’, ‘UNGNER’, etc.
[cxxx] Public Member Trees
[cxxxi] Married Auguste Emilie SCHULZ. Information from the Marriage Certificate states that Auguste was the daughter of Gottlieb and Anna Caroline SCHULZ and was born Wisden, Posen, Prussia c. 1862 [Q. Ref. 1881/C920].
[cxxxii] Registered as ‘Sophia JONES’, wife of Henry James JONES [Q. Ref. 1888/C706].
[cxxxiii] See .
[cxxxiv] Information from Death Certificate [Q. Ref. 1897/C3309]. Exact date of birth from Monumental Inscription.
[cxxxv] See Georg Michael KÜBLER no. 30903
[cxxxvi] Ammertsweiler (Rutzenweiler) is now part of the town of Mainhardt in the Schwäbisch Hall district of Württemberg.
[cxxxvii] As this is a partial list, it may be that the Sydney SMO only recorded the heads of families and singles. Caroline KÜBLER, as a married female, doesn’t appear on this list.
[cxxxviii] Biberach is now part of the town of Heilbronn in Baden-Württemberg.
[cxxxix] Kopittke, E & R. Emigrants from Hamburg to Australia 1850 – 1879, Queensland Family History Society Inc., Brisbane 2006
[cxl] Queensland Indexes to Births 1865 - 1880 at .
[cxli] Now in the Heilbronn district of Baden-Württemberg.
[cxlii] Familien-Register Weinsberg, vol. 1 p.604 Johann Carl b. 27 Mar 1835 and Jacob Andreas b. 25 Nov 1836. (I am indebted to Jenny Paterson for this information.)
[cxliii] Ibid b. 23 Oct 1831
[cxliv] See Karl IHLE no. 27254 (Andreas IHLE’s entry is minimal, but with a reference to his brother, Karl’s.)
[cxlv] Board’s List compiled by the Immigration Board, Sydney op.cit. See also Paterson, Jenny. ‘German immigrant ships to eastern Australia – resources and problems, Part 9: Helene 1853’ in: Ances-tree vol. 18 no.3 Nov 2005.
[cxlvi] In German.
[cxlvii] Moreton Bay Courier 23 and 30 Sep 1854
[cxlviii] After being held over from 10 Jan 1854
[cxlix] Two Sureties of £10 each for a period of six months. QSA Court of Petty Sessions, Brisbane – Dispositions and Minutes CPS1/AT2
[cl] Likely Friedrich Theodor FRANZ, a.k.a. ‘Carl’ or ‘Charles’ Theodore FRANZ, one of the original Zion Hill, German Station, missionaries.
[cli] Likely Carl Friedrich GERLER, another of the original Zion Hill, German Station, missionaries. QSA Court of Petty Sessions, Brisbane – Dispositions and Minutes CPS1/AT2
[clii] QSA Registers of Prisoners admitted HM Brisbane Goal 03 Jan 1850 – 03 Feb 1864 PRI 1/25 Film No. Z3993
[cliii] See Paterson, Jenny. ‘German immigrant ships to eastern Australia – resources and problems, Part 8: Johann Caesar 1853’ in: Ances-tree vol. 18 no.2 Jul 2005. There are further examples here of persons aboard this vessel not being recorded.
[cliv] Struck, Wolf-Heino. Die Auswanderung aus dem Herzogtum Nassau 1806 – 1866. Steiner, Wiesbaden 1966
[clv] Nundah and Districts Historical Society Inc., 2003:51
[clvi] An apparently self-published book, author and date unknown, concerning the BLINZINGER, FIECHTNER and HAIZ (sic) families also states that Gottlieb BLINZINGER and the HAISS family arrived together per the Diana in 1858. (Personal partial copy kindly provided by Grace Beecher. Possibly compiled by Carl Radke.)
[clvii] Queensland Founding Families: Biographies of families living in Queensland prior to separation from New South Wales, Queensland Family History Society Inc., Brisbane 2009
[clviii] Kopittke, E & R. Emigrants from Hamburg to Australia 1850 – 1879, Queensland Family History Society Inc., Brisbane 2006
[clix] According to a WILDERMUTH historian, Dawn Wildermuth, David Heinrich WILDERMUTH’s father, Johannes, had in fact been born in Willsbach.
[clx] Kopittke, E & R. op.cit.
[clxi] Henry FRANK, infant son of Albrecht and Dorothea FRANK, was buried ‘Roman Catholic Burial Ground, Brisbane’ 08 Dec 1858 according to his Death Certificate [Q. Ref. 1858/B287]. (,.5;FGHMlmopìÜÌܼ¬™†p[F[4"hLù5?B*[pic]CJaJmH phsH (h—`Ph:5?B*[pic]CJaJmH phsH (h—`PhLù5?B*[pic]CJaJmH phsH +h—`PhLù5?6?B*[pic]CJaJmH phsH %h»DQ5?6?B*[pic]CJaJmH phsH %h»DQh»DQB*[pic]CJaJmH phsH h»DQB*[pic]CJaJmH phsH hO5fB*[pic]CJConrad GROSS, son of Conrad Snr. and Barbara GROSS, born 30 Jan 1859 [Q. Ref. 1859/B881], was apparently baptized 01 May 1859 St. Stephen’s Catholic Cathedral, Brisbane, as ‘Conrad CROSS’ according to QFHS Inc.’s Queensland Early Pioneers Index. Leonhard and Franziska MUHLING, along with several family members, are buried in the Roman Catholic portion of the Drayton Cemetery, Q. (See .)
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