Infectious Bronchitis
Infectious Bronchitis
Definition:
Infectious Bronchitis (IB) is an acute contagious viral disease of chickens that usually causes respiratory signs, but may also affect the uterus and kidneys and decrease egg production.
Cause:
IB is caused by a coronavirus.
Incubation Period :
• 18-36 hours
• Rapid spreading and highly contagious.
Transmission :
1. Airborne aerosol from infected birds.
2. Direct contact with short time carriers (about 1 mo.)
3. Contaminated premises (about 1 mo.)
Clinical Signs
CHICKS -
1. sneezing, tracheal rales, nasal discharge and ocular discharge
2. Wet frothy eyes with conjunctivitis - swollen Harderian gland.
3. Depressed
LAYERS -
1. Rales
2. egg production may drop 20-50%.
3. Soft, misshapen and or rough surfaced shells.
4. Shell problems may persist due to prior oviduct infection.
Postmortem Lesions
CHICKS AND BROILERS
1. Hyperemia of trachea
2. Serous exudate in trachea
3. Slight airsacculitis
4. Tracheal plugs at the bifurcation
PULLETS AND LAYERS
1. Hyperemia of trachea
2. Serous & catarrhal exudates of trachea
3. Egg yolk peritonitis
4. Salpingitis & permanently damaged oviduct.
5. Swollen kidneys with urates
Differential Diagnosis
1. Newcastle Disease
2. Laryngotracheitis - slow moving
3. Infectious Coryza - swollen head
4. Avian Influenza
Diagnosis
1. History of fast spreading respiratory disease
2. ELISA - uses Mass. antigen but get cross reaction with other serotypes.
3. HI - less cross reaction early in an outbreak but difficult to interpret later.
4. VN - rises in titer between paired serum samples (2 wks. apart)
5. Isolation and identification of virus-
6. Identification of IBV serotype - PCR, monoclonal antibody test, etc.
Prevention:
Vaccination -
LIVE vaccines - Monovalent - usually Mass
Bivalent - Mass. & Conn
KILLED vaccines - used in breeders and layer pullets to prevent production losses and produce consistently high antibody titers.
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