Unit J: Respiratory System



Unit J: Respiratory System

Terminology List

1. Alveoli

2. Apex

3. Bronchi

4. Bronchioles

5. Cilia

6. Coughing

7. Epiglottis

8. Expiration/exhalation

9. Hiccups

10. Inhalation/inspiration

11. Larynx

12. Lobes

13. Lungs

14. Medulla oblongata

15. Nasal septum

16. Nose (nasal cavity)

17. Pharynx

18. Phrenic nerve

19. Pleura

20. Pleural cavity

21. Pleural fluid

22. Respiration

23. Sinuses

24. Sneezing

25. Surfactant

26. Trachea

27. Ventilation

28. Yawning

Disorders and Related Terminology

1. apnea

2. asthma

3. bronchitis

4. common cold

5. dyspnea

6. emphysema

7. influenza

8. laryngitis

9. pharyngitis

10. pneumonia

11. tachypnea

12. tuberculosis

Label the Lungs

Label the following structures:

❑ Right lung

❑ Left lung

❑ Larynx

❑ Trachea

❑ Heart

❑ Ribs

❑ Left bronchus

❑ Right bronchus

❑ Pleura

Appendix 1H10.01B

Respiratory Structure Worksheet

Directions: Fill in the blanks using the word bank below.

Sinuses Mediastinum Anterior Nares Glottis

Nasal Septum Epiglottis Alveoli Pharnyx

Right Larynx Left Pleural

Lungs Trachea Bronchi Surfactant

1. Air enters the nostrils, or _________________, which is divided into two chambers

by a partition known as the _____________________________________.

2. _____________________, or small hairs in the nose, entrap and prevent the entry of larger dirt particles.

3. The _______________________ serves as a common passageway for air and food.

4. The ______________________, a cartilage “lid”, covers the opening into the larynx when food is swallowed.

5. The tube-like passageway which extends from the larynx, passes in front of the

esophagus, and continues to form two bronchi is the ______________________.

6. The inner surfaces of the _____________________ are covered with a lipid material known as surfactant.

7. The __________________ lung is larger and broader than the ________________ lung due to the location of the heart.

8. The four cavities of the skull in and around the nasal region are called _____________.

9. The structure situated between the lungs along the median plane of the thorax

is known as the _________________________.

10. The ______________________________ fluid is necessary to prevent friction as the two pleural membranes rub against each other during each breath.

Appendix 1H10.01C

Model Lungs

When you inhale, muscles cause the chest to expand, making the lungs do the same. When this happens, air is sucked into the lungs. Make a model to demonstrate this. You will need:

• Large clear, plastic bottle

• Three-way hose connector

• 2 rubber bands

• modeling clay

• plastic tube

• 3 small balloons

• scissors

Directions:

1. Push the plastic tube into one opening of the hose connector. Use modeling clay, if necessary, to make an airtight seal. Fix the balloons tightly onto the other opening with rubber bands, making sure that the joints between the connector and the balloons are airtight.

2. Carefully cut off the bottom 1 inch from the bottle, using the scissors. Make sure the

cut edge of the bottle is smooth. Place the balloons and connector inside. Seal the plastic tube into the neck of the bottle with the modeling clay to make an airtight fit.

3. Tie a knot in the neck of the third balloon. Then carefully cut it in half, crossways.

Gently stretch the knotted part of the balloon over the lower end of the bottle, and pull it around the sides. Make the balloon as taut as you can-like a drum skin. Now hold it by its knot.

4. The lower balloon represents the diaphragm, the main breathing muscle. Pull it down,

As though you were inhaling. This lowers the air pressure in the bottle. Air from outside rushes in and makes the two balloons expand just like the real lungs in your chest.

Additional assignment:

Read pages 261-262 in Body Structures and Functions. In your own words, explain the process of inspiration and expiration. Write your answer on the back of this handout.

Appendix 1H10.01D

Breathing Control Worksheet

I. Directions: Read the situations below. If the situation is closely related to the NEURAL factors affecting respiration, write an “N” in the blank provided. If the situation is more closely related to the CHEMICAL factors, write a “C” in the blank.

_____1. Donnie jumps in a pool of cold water and “gasps” for air.

_____2. Maria is “out of breath” after running up four flights of stairs.

_____3. Emanuel, a health care assistant, determines the respiratory rate of his patient, Mr. Nguyen, to be 10 breaths per minute. Emanuel learns that his patient is on Morphine for post-operative pain.

_____4. Sally is allergic to pollen. When she works in her outdoor garden, she

constantly sneezes.

_____5. Terrell has been taking diet pills and has experienced an increase in

respiratory rate.

II. Directions: Read the statements below and write the answer in the space provided.

1. Where is the body’s respiratory center located? What is the name of the structure?

2. Describe the major function of the phrenic nerves.

3. Explain how the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood will trigger

the respiratory center.

4. Chemical regulators of respiration, or chemoreceptors are found in which major

arteries in the body? Briefly explain their function.

5. Explain how sensory impulses are involved in changing the rhythm of breathing.

Respiratory Rate Comparison

Directions: Have each student in your group count the number of breaths per minute while resting. Record the number in the chart. Then do 2 minutes of vigorous exercise, such as running in place or jumping jacks. Have each member of the group count the breaths per minute again and record in the chart below.

Once this is done, find the range and mean respiratory rate of your group. Answer the questions at the bottom of this page.

|NAME |RESPIRATORY RATE |RESPIRATORY RATE |

| |AT REST |DURING ACTIVITY |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

1. What is the range of respiratory rates of your group at rest?__________after activity?__________

2. What is the average respiratory rate of your group at rest?__________after

Activity?__________

3. How do these rates compare with the normal rates discussed in your text on pages 262-264?

4. After reviewing the pages listed above, describe other situations that can affect the respiratory rate.

Appendix 010.02A

Respiratory Disease Fact Chart

Directions: Complete the chart by filling in the “missing” information.

|DISEASE |SIGNS |ETIOLOGY |TREATMENT |PREVENTION |

| |SYMPTONS | | | |

|Common cold | |Usually viral | | |

| | | | | |

| |Red, inflamed throat and | | | |

| |painful swallowing | | | |

| | | | | |

| | | |Aimed at symptons-quit smoking | |

| | | | | |

| | | | | |

|Laryngitis | | | | |

| | | | | |

| | | | | |

| | | | |Vaccine |

| | | | | |

| | | | | |

| |Chest pain, fever, chills, | | | |

| |dyspnea | | | |

| | | | | |

| | |Mycobacterium tuberculosis | | |

| | | | | |

| | | | | |

| | | |Aniti- | |

| | | |Inflammatory | |

| | | |Drugs, broncho- | |

| | | |Dilators | |

|Emphysema | | | | |

| | | | | |

| | | | | |

Appendix 010.03A

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