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Causes of World War I44100751270000SERBIA:You are a small country that has been trying to unite your Slavic people for many years. Although you are independent, Austria-Hungary still controls two main parts of your nation, Bosnia and Herzegovina. In order to get them back, you have been fighting against Austria-Hungary. In June 1914, one of your citizens killed the heir to the Austrian-Hungarian throne, the Archduke Ferdinand, and his wife. Austria-Hungary has issued an ultimatum demanding that you stop all anti-Austrian activities and allow their police to search your country for the gang that killed the Archduke. Russia, a much larger Slavic nation, has promised to help you if Austria-Hungary attacks. 1. Which parts of M-A-N-I-A are Serbia responsible for?____________________________________________________________2. Who is Serbia’s enemy?_____________________________________________________________________________________3. Who are Serbia’s allies?_____________________________________________________________________________________4. How should Serbia respond?________________________________________________________________________________AUSTRIA-HUNGARYYou are currently the most powerful nation in Southeastern Europe. Your empire is an empire of various nationalities. The Hungarians want their rights as well as the Czechs and Slovaks. You also have control of Bosnia and Herzegovina, even though both of these nations have large Serbian populations. Serbia has protested your control of the region by assassinating your Archduke Franz Ferdinand while he was in the capital of Bosnia, Sarajevo. You feel threatened by Russia’s interference on behalf of your Slavic minorities, so you turn for assistance to your German cousins. Germany has promised to support you in any action you may take against Serbia. If you declare war against Serbia, you may start a chain of events that can lead to a world war.1.Which parts of M-A-N-I-A are Austria-Hungary responsible for? ___________________________________________________2. Who is Austria-Hungary’s enemy?____________________________________________________________________________3. Who are Austria-Hungary’s allies? ___________________________________________________________________________4. How should Austria-Hungary respond? ______________________________________________________________________RUSSIAMany of your people share a common language and culture with the people who live in Serbia, so you refer to the people of Serbia as your “little brother.” Because of these common ties, you would like to be a powerful force in this part of Europe. England and France’s mutual distrust of Germany have made them your de-facto allies, and they have agreed to help you keep Germany and Austria-Hungary out of this region. You also fear Germany’s growing power and are worried that if a war breaks out between Serbia and Austria-Hungary, Germany will use it as an excuse to invade your nation. 1.Which parts of M-A-N-I-A are Russia responsible for? ____________________________________________________________2. Who is Russia’s enemy?_____________________________________________________________________________________3. Who are Russia’s allies? ____________________________________________________________________________________4. How should Russia respond? ________________________________________________________________________________GERMANYYou have been strengthening your nation and military for many years, and you are ready to prove your power and leadership to the world. You have the second most powerful navy, next to Great Britain, and are a strong industrial nation. You possibly have the most powerful army. You want the rest of Europe to take your new power seriously and to respect your colonial gains in Africa and Asia. You have promised to help Austria-Hungary if they go to war with Serbia, but you are afraid that Russia will join any war that’s fought to help its ally Serbia.Your greatest fear is having enemies on both sides of you (France to the West and Russia to the East). You are sure that France will attack you if a war begins in order to help their ally Russia, and to get revenge on you for the Franco-Prussian War. Your top military advisors say that if you attack France quickly by going through Belgium, you can defeat them before Russia can get their armies ready to fight. However, Belgium is a neutral country and England may get angry if you invade Belgium. 1.Which parts of M-A-N-I-A are Germany responsible for? _________________________________________________________2. Who is Germany’s enemy?__________________________________________________________________________________3. Who are Germany’s allies? __________________________________________________________________________________4. How should Germany respond? _____________________________________________________________________________FRANCEYou are still stinging from your humiliation in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. In the Franco-Prussian war, the German states defeated you and took some of your land (the resource rich regions of Alsace and Lorraine). You would like to exact some revenge. You, like England, fear this new German Empire’s rapid naval, industrial and colonial (Africa) expansion. You have promised to help Russia if war breaks out. But, if you do, you are sure that Germany will invade your nation, and you know that your armies are not completely ready for war. 1.Which parts of M-A-N-I-A are France responsible for? ___________________________________________________________2. Who is France’s enemy?____________________________________________________________________________________3. Who are Frances’ allies? ____________________________________________________________________________________4. How should France respond? _______________________________________________________________________________GREAT BRITAIN (UNITED KINGDOM)You are the world’s greatest naval power and the leading industrial power in Europe, the most powerful country in the world and you want to stay that way. You have many colonies that bring your nation wealth and power. You fear Germany’s growing power because it is a threat to you. Germany has built up its navy to a strength that is almost as powerful as yours, and Germany is not even surrounded by water as you are. You have agreed to help France and Russia if war breaks out, but you would like to avoid war because you have nothing to gain and much to lose. You have promised to protect Belgium’s neutrality by keeping other nations from involving it in war. 1.Which parts of M-A-N-I-A are Great Britain responsible for? ______________________________________________________2. Who is Great Britain’s enemy?_______________________________________________________________________________3. Who are Great Britain’s allies? ______________________________________________________________________________4. How should England respond? ______________________________________________________________________________BelgiumYou are a small neutral nation in between Germany and France. You wish to stay out of a European power struggle, but you realize that you may not be able to protect yourself alone. According to the Treaty of London of 1839, the British have promised to defend your country. Since your ports are close to the British coast, a takeover of your country by the Germans to attack France would cause a serious threat for England. You hope that England will keep their promise. 1.Which parts of M-A-N-I-A are Belgium responsible for? __________________________________________________________2. Who is Belgium’s enemy?___________________________________________________________________________________3. Who is Belgium’s allies? ____________________________________________________________________________________4. How should Belgium respond? ______________________________________________________________________________Ottoman Empire (Turkey)You are a great power on the decline and would like to stop this. You are upset about the continuing breakup of your Empire. You have lost Greece, Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia, and other Balkan lands, either to independence or to the Austrians or Russians. Soon after Russia calls for the full mobilization of their army, your country signs a secret military treaty with the German ambassador calling on each party to come to the other’s aid against an attack by Russia. 1.Which parts of M-A-N-I-A are the Ottoman Empire responsible for? _______________________________________________2. Who is Turkey’s enemy?___________________________________________________________________________________3. Who is Turkey’s allies? ____________________________________________________________________________________4. How should Turkey respond? ______________________________________________________________________________BulgariaYou fear the monstrous Russian bear to the east. The Russians have tried before to conquer the Bulgars, and although you want to stay neutral, you know that you cannot stand alone against Russia. You are still bitter after your defeat in the Second Balkan War and your failed attempt to control all of Macedonia (Serbia controls parts of it.) You need to look towards a strong industrial power to help you. 1.Which parts of M-A-N-I-A are Bulgaria responsible for? _________________________________________________________2. Who is Bulgaria’s enemy?___________________________________________________________________________________3. Who is Bulgaria’s allies? ____________________________________________________________________________________4. How should Bulgaria respond? ______________________________________________________________________________14192259541000Responsibility for War: Analyzing CartoonsThe following cartoon appeared in the Chicago Tribune after the outbreak of World War I in 1914. Examine the cartoon and answer the question that follow.38100012065001. What is the “crime of the ages”?2. PURPOSE: What do you think the cartoonist is trying to suggest to the American public?3. Based on the MANIA activity: Who do you think is most responsible for the outbreak of WWI? Support your answer citing specific facts, details, and evidence. 990600606552000990600622173000 ................
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