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The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report:

Document Title:

Author:

Document No.: Date Received: Award Number:

A Collaborative Approach to Eliminating Street Drug Markets through Focused Deterrence

James M. Frabutt, Terri L. Shelton, Kristen L. Di Luca, Lynn K. Harvey, Mary K. Hefner

239242

August 2012

2006-IJ-CX-0034

This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federallyfunded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies.

Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect

the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

A Collaborative Approach to Eliminating Street Drug Markets through Focused Deterrence

James M. Frabutt, Terri L. Shelton, Kristen L. Di Luca, Lynn K. Harvey, Mary K. Hefner

Final Report to the United States Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice March 2009 Grant #2006-IJ-CX-0034

University of Notre Dame University of North Carolina at Greensboro

Winston-Salem State University

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

Drug Market Intervention Final Report 2

Acknowledgements

Mike Carmichael Julia Conley Jim Fealy

David Kennedy Terrell Hayes Housing Authority of the City of High Point Housing Authority of Winston-Salem

Lee Hunt Rob Lang Pat Norris Rick Pender Tom Scholten Barbara Simmons Jim Summey Marty Sumner Anna Mills Wagoner Maddie Young

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

Drug Market Intervention Final Report 3

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

4

Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview

6

Chapter 2: Intervention Sites

11

Chapter 3: Methodology

21

Law Enforcement Key Stakeholder Interviews

21

Key Community Stakeholder Interviews

22

Resident Focus Groups

23

Notified Offender Interviews

25

Systematic Neighborhood Social Observation

26

Crime Impact Indicators

29

Chapter 4: Findings

32

Law Enforcement Stakeholders Articulate the Strategy

32

Key Community Stakeholder Perceptions

57

Resident Perceptions

73

Notified Offender Findings

86

Systematic Neighborhood Social Observation Results

103

Crime Impact Indicators

109

Chapter 5: Discussion

121

Law Enforcement Stakeholders

121

Key Community Stakeholders

124

Resident Perceptions

129

Notified Offenders

138

Systematic Neighborhood Social Observation

143

Crime Impact

146

Chapter 6: General Synthesis and Future Research Directions

148

A 360? Perspective on the Intervention

148

Implementation

150

Considerations for Engaging New Sites

153

Closing

155

References

157

Appendix A: Project Log

162

Appendix B: Demographic Profiles of Intervention Sites

167

Appendix C: Data Collection Instruments

193

Appendix D: Systematic Neighborhood Social Observation Materials 197

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

Drug Market Intervention Final Report 4

Executive Summary

This report presents the evaluation process and findings from the grant, A Collaborative Approach to Eliminating Street Drug Markets through Focused Deterrence. The evaluation was conducted by a team of researchers from The University of North Carolina at Greensboro's Center for Youth, Family, and Community Partnerships, the University of Notre Dame, and the Winston-Salem State University Center for Community Safety from January 2007 through December 2008.

Drug markets that exist in public spaces are harmful to communities and cause many negative consequences, which include violent criminal behavior, social disorder, public nuisances, and decreased quality of life for community residents. In an effort to combat open-air drug markets, two mid-sized cities in North Carolina have implemented a multi-dimensional, partnershipbased, focused deterrence strategy that addresses illicit drug dealing in open-air markets and circumvents many of the problems associated with general deterrence methods in order to reduce related violent crime.

The purpose of the current project was to conduct a process and outcome analysis of the street drug market elimination strategy. Two main goals were addressed by the evaluation. The first goal was to model and describe the elements, developmental stages, and operational steps of the street-drug intervention. The second goal of the project was to measure the impact of the strategy across several levels: a) key stakeholder perception of roles and impact; b) resident perception of impact; c) observable neighborhood changes; and d) crime impact. In order to meet these objectives, several data sources were utilized including interviews with law enforcement personnel, key community stakeholders, and notified offenders; focus groups with community residents; a systematic neighborhood observation; and analysis of crime impact indicators.

The report presents an overview of the intervention sites and the methodology, findings, and subsequent discussion of the data sources utilized. The following are summaries for each data collection source:

According to law enforcement personnel, some of the most important stages and aspects of the strategy include using a data-driven approach throughout, engaging the police department internally, conducting a thorough and in-depth undercover investigation, establishing meaningful contact with the offenders' significant others, communicating with community stakeholders and residents, and sustaining the strategy.

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

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