A Byte of Python - UC Homepages

A Byte of Python

Swaroop C H

Dedication

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To Kalyan Varma and many other seniors at PESIT

Linux and the world of open source.

To the memory of Atul Chitnis

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who introduced us to GNU/

, a friend and guide who shall be missed greatly.

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To the pioneers who made the Internet happen . This book was first written in 2003.

It still remains popular, thanks to the nature of sharing knowledge on the Internet as

envisioned by the pioneers.

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Table of Contents

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1. Welcome ............................................................................................................... 1

1.1. Who reads A Byte of Python? .................................................................... 1

1.2. Academic Courses .................................................................................... 10

1.3. License ...................................................................................................... 10

1.4. Read Now .................................................................................................

1.5. Buy The Book ...........................................................................................

1.6. Download ..................................................................................................

1.7. Read the book in your native language ....................................................

Preface ....................................................................................................................

1. Who This Book Is For .................................................................................

2. Official Website ............................................................................................

3. Something To Think About ..........................................................................

2. Introduction .........................................................................................................

2.1. Features of Python ...................................................................................

2.2. Python 2 versus 3 ....................................................................................

2.3. What Programmers Say ...........................................................................

3. Installation ...........................................................................................................

3.1. Installation on Windows ............................................................................

3.1.1. DOS Prompt ...................................................................................

3.1.2. Running Python prompt on Windows .............................................

3.2. Installation on Mac OS X ..........................................................................

3.3. Installation on GNU/Linux .........................................................................

3.4. Summary ...................................................................................................

4. First Steps ...........................................................................................................

4.1. Using The Interpreter Prompt ...................................................................

4.2. Choosing An Editor ...................................................................................

4.3. PyCharm ...................................................................................................

4.4. Vim ............................................................................................................

4.5. Emacs .......................................................................................................

4.6. Using A Source File .................................................................................

4.7. Getting Help ..............................................................................................

4.8. Summary ...................................................................................................

5. Basics ..................................................................................................................

5.1. Comments .................................................................................................

5.2. Literal Constants .......................................................................................

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A Byte of Python

5.3. Numbers ................................................................................................... 38

5.4. Strings ....................................................................................................... 38

5.4.1. Single Quote ...................................................................................

5.4.2. Double Quotes ................................................................................

5.4.3. Triple Quotes ..................................................................................

5.4.4. Strings Are Immutable ....................................................................

5.4.5. The format method .........................................................................

5.4.6. Escape Sequences .........................................................................

5.4.7. Raw String ......................................................................................

Variable .....................................................................................................

Identifier Naming .......................................................................................

Data Types ...............................................................................................

Object ........................................................................................................

How to write Python programs .................................................................

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5.10. For PyCharm ..........................................................................................

5.11. For other editors .....................................................................................

5.12. Example: Using Variables And Literal Constants ....................................

5.13. Logical And Physical Line .......................................................................

5.14. Indentation ..............................................................................................

5.15. Summary .................................................................................................

6. Operators and Expressions ................................................................................

6.1. Operators ..................................................................................................

6.2. Shortcut for math operation and assignment ............................................

6.3. Evaluation Order .......................................................................................

6.4. Changing the Order Of Evaluation ...........................................................

6.5. Associativity ..............................................................................................

6.6. Expressions ...............................................................................................

6.7. Summary ...................................................................................................

7. Control Flow ........................................................................................................

7.1. The if statement ........................................................................................

7.2. The while Statement .................................................................................

7.3. The for loop ..............................................................................................

7.4. The break Statement ................................................................................

7.5. The continue Statement ............................................................................

7.6. Summary ...................................................................................................

8. Functions .............................................................................................................

8.1. Function Parameters .................................................................................

8.2. Local Variables .........................................................................................

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5.5.

5.6.

5.7.

5.8.

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A Byte of Python

8.3. The global statement ................................................................................ 67

8.4. Default Argument Values .......................................................................... 68

8.5. Keyword Arguments .................................................................................. 69

8.6. VarArgs parameters .................................................................................. 70

8.7. The return statement ................................................................................ 70

8.8. DocStrings ................................................................................................ 71

8.9. Summary ................................................................................................... 73

9. Modules ............................................................................................................... 74

9.1. Byte-compiled .pyc files ............................................................................ 76

9.2. The from ¡­ import statement ................................................................... 76

9.3. A module¡¯s name .................................................................................... 76

9.4. Making Your Own Modules ...................................................................... 77

9.5. The dir function ......................................................................................... 79

9.6. Packages .................................................................................................. 80

9.7. Summary ................................................................................................... 81

10. Data Structures ................................................................................................. 82

10.1. List .......................................................................................................... 82

10.2. Quick Introduction To Objects And Classes ........................................... 82

10.3. Tuple ....................................................................................................... 84

10.4. Dictionary ................................................................................................ 86

10.5. Sequence ................................................................................................ 88

10.6. Set ........................................................................................................... 91

10.7. References .............................................................................................. 91

10.8. More About Strings ................................................................................. 93

10.9. Summary ................................................................................................. 94

11. Problem Solving ................................................................................................ 95

11.1. The Problem ........................................................................................... 95

11.2. The Solution ............................................................................................ 96

11.3. Second Version ...................................................................................... 99

11.4. Third Version ........................................................................................ 101

11.5. Fourth Version ...................................................................................... 103

11.6. More Refinements ................................................................................. 105

11.7. The Software Development Process .................................................... 105

11.8. Summary ............................................................................................... 106

12. Object Oriented Programming ........................................................................ 107

12.1. The self ................................................................................................. 108

12.2. Classes ................................................................................................. 108

12.3. Methods ................................................................................................ 109

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