Consonants (พยัญชนะ) ก ข ฃ ค ฅ ฆ ง จ ฉ ช ซ …
Thai alphabet ( )
Consonants ( )
ko khai
kho khai kho khuat
k/k
k/k
mid
cho ching
ch/-
/-
high
kh/k
k/k
high
cho chang ch/t
/t
low
kh/k
k/k
high
so so
s/t
s/t
low
tho montho
th/t
t/t
low
tho phuthao th/t
t/t
low
no nen
n/n
n/n
low
no nu
bo baimai
po pla
n/n
b/p
p/p
n/n
b/p
[p/p]
low
mid
mid
mo ma m/m
m/m
low
yo yak y/y
[j/j]
low
ro ruea r/n
r/n
low
kho khwai kho khon
kh/k
k/k
low
kh/k
k/k
low
kho rakhang kh/k
k/k
low
ngo ngu
ng/ng
/
low
cho choe yo ying do cha-da to pa-tak
ch/-
y/n
d/t
t/t
t/- j/n
d/t
t/t
low
low
mid
mid
do dek
d/t
d/t
mid
to tao
t/t
t/t
mid
tho thung
th/t
t/t
high
tho thahan
th/t
t/t
low
pho phueng
ph/-
p/-
high
fo fa
pho phan
fo fan
f/-
ph/p
f/p
f/- p/p f/p
high
low
low
lo ling l/n
l/n
low
wo waen w/w
w/w
low
so sala s/t
s/t
high
so rue-si s/t
s/t
high
cho chan
ch/t
/t
mid
tho than
th/t
t/t
high
tho thong
th/t
t/t
low
pho samphao ph/p
p/p
low
so suea s/t
s/t
high
Created by Simon Ager, ? the guide to writing systems and languages
Thai alphabet ( )
ho hip h/-
lo chu-la l/n
o ang -
ho nok-huk h/-
Notes
? The sounds represented by some consonants change when they are used at the end of a syllable (indicated by the letters on the right of the slash). Some consonants can only be used at the beginning of a syllable.
? Duplicate consonants represent different Sanskrit and Pali consonants sounds which are
pronounced identically in Thai.
Vowel diacritics ()
a
a
a
i
a
a
a
i
i
ue
ue
i
ue
u
u
e
u
u
e
e
e
ae
e
e
ae
ae
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
oe
oe
oe
Created by Simon Ager, ? the guide to writing systems and languages
Thai alphabet ( )
Diphthongs
ia
ia
uea
uea
ua
ua
ua
ia
ia
a
a
ua
ua
ua
io iu/iw
eo eu/ew
eo
aeo
eu/ew u/w
ao au/aw
ao
iao
au iau/iaw
ai ai/aj
ai ai/aj
ai ai/aj
ai ai/aj
ai
oi
oi
ai/aj
i/j
i/j
oi
ui
oei
uai
ueai
am
oi/oj
ui/uj
i/j uai/uaj ai/aj
am
rue r/ri
rue
lue
lue
silences
r
l
l
~
consonant
The vowel diacritics are shown with the letter o ang (), which acts as a silent vowel carrier at the beginning of words that start with a vowel.
Created by Simon Ager, ? the guide to writing systems and languages
Thai alphabet ( )
Punctuation
dtaa gai
beginning of a new paragraph
marks the end of a story
khoh muut
Tone markers
mai ehk
low tone
high tone
maai dtree
falling tone
mai toh
maai jat dta rising tone
waa
Tone indication
Open syllables
Closed syllables *
unmarked
short vowel long vowel
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
mid rising mid
low
falling
low
low
falling
low
falling
high
high
low low falling
* Closed syllables are those ending with p, t or k
Numerals ()
_ _
sun neung song sam si
ha hok chet paet kao
sip
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Created by Simon Ager, ? the guide to writing systems and languages
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