Streams - DePaul University
cstring
1. A cstring is an array of characters that C++ gets from its earlier C language implementation. A cstring is a series of characters terminated by a null character ('\0'). Functions that receive cstrings as parameters will, process the cstring from its first element [0] until the element containing the null character ('\0'). The '\0' is used as a terminating sentinel.
Not all char arrays are cstrings. One element of the char array cstring must be used to hold a terminating null character.
int main()
{
char a[10] = {'y','e','s'}; // NOT a string
char s[10] = "yes"; // cstring, s[3] has '\0' from system.
char t[4] = "yes"; // cstring, with just enough space
char y[10] = {'y', 'e', 's', '\0', 'n', 'o','\0'};
char z[10] = {'1', '2', '3', '4', '\0'}; // char or number?
}
2. Declaration and initialization.
int main()
{
char s1[8] = "CSC 215"; // spaces are allowed in cstring
char s2[] = "hello"; // if the length is not specified,
// compiler automatically determines
// the size needed
char s3[20]; // uninitialized
3. Operations with cstrings.
int main()
{
char s1[5] = "john";
char s2[5] = "jack";
char s3[20];
// Cannot do the following with cstrings
if (s1 == s2) // NO comparison by ==, same as any array
...
s1 = s2; // NO assignment by =, same as any array
// Can do the following with cstrings
cout > s3; // OK. cstring input until white space.
// Null terminator is automatically added
// at the end.
cout ................
................
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