C Reference Card (ANSI) Constants Flow of Control Program ...
C Reference Card (ANSI)
Program Structure/Functions
type fnc(type 1 ,. . . )
type name
main() {
declarations
statements
}
type fnc(arg 1 ,. . . ) {
declarations
statements
return value;
}
/* */
main(int argc, char *argv[])
exit(arg )
function declarations
external variable declarations
main routine
local variable declarations
function definition
local variable declarations
Constants
Flow of Control
long (suffix)
float (suffix)
exponential form
octal (prefix zero)
hexadecimal (prefix zero-ex)
character constant (char, octal, hex)
newline, cr, tab, backspace
special characters
string constant (ends with '\0')
L or l
F or f
e
0
0x or 0X
'a', '\ooo', '\xhh'
\n, \r, \t, \b
\\, \?, \', \"
"abc. . . de"
Pointers, Arrays & Structures
include library file
#include
include user file
#include "filename"
replacement text
#define name text
replacement macro
#define name(var ) text
Example. #define max(A,B) ((A)>(B) ? (A) : (B))
undefine
#undef name
quoted string in replace
#
concatenate args and rescan
##
conditional execution
#if, #else, #elif, #endif
is name defined, not defined?
#ifdef, #ifndef
name defined?
defined(name )
line continuation char
\
declare pointer to type
type *name
declare function returning pointer to type type *f()
declare pointer to function returning type type (*pf)()
generic pointer type
void *
null pointer
NULL
object pointed to by pointer
*pointer
address of object name
&name
array
name[dim ]
multi-dim array
name[dim 1 ][dim 2 ]. . .
Structures
struct tag {
structure template
declarations
declaration of members
};
create structure
struct tag name
member of structure from template
name.member
member of pointed to structure
pointer -> member
Example. (*p).x and p->x are the same
single value, multiple type structure
union
bit field with b bits
member : b
Data Types/Declarations
Operators (grouped by precedence)
comments
main with args
terminate execution
C Preprocessor
character (1 byte)
integer
float (single precision)
float (double precision)
short (16 bit integer)
long (32 bit integer)
positive and negative
only positive
pointer to int, float,. . .
enumeration constant
constant (unchanging) value
declare external variable
register variable
local to source file
no value
structure
create name by data type
size of an object (type is size_t)
size of a data type (type is size_t)
char
int
float
double
short
long
signed
unsigned
*int, *float,. . .
enum
const
extern
register
static
void
struct
typedef typename
sizeof object
sizeof(type name)
Initialization
initialize variable
initialize array
initialize char string
type name=value
type name[]={value 1 ,. . . }
char name[]="string "
structure member operator
structure pointer
increment, decrement
plus, minus, logical not, bitwise not
indirection via pointer, address of object
cast expression to type
size of an object
name.member
pointer ->member
++, -+, -, !, ~
*pointer , &name
(type) expr
sizeof
multiply, divide, modulus (remainder)
*, /, %
add, subtract
+, -
left, right shift [bit ops]
comparisons
comparisons
bitwise and
bitwise exclusive or
bitwise or (incl)
>, >=, ................
................
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