Plant Adaptations and Defenses - Mr. Pratt's Biology Place



Plant Adaptations and DefensesGuided NotesWhat is the equation describing photosynthesis?Describe the structure of Chloroplasts through description or draw a diagram.Where is chlorophyll located in a chloroplast?What is a pigment? What pigments are important to photosynthesis? What pigments are primarily responsible for photosynthesis? Why would a plant have more than one type of pigment?What does an Absorption spectrum show?Fill in the diagram above.In simple terms, describe what the light reactions do.In simple terms, describe what the light-independent reactions do.Why don’t we call them “dark” reactions?When it gets too hot or dry, plants close their stomata. What effect does this have on the exchange of gases in the leaf?As a result of closed stomata, describe what happens to the Calvin Cycle.The addition of an oxygen molecule to the carbon molecules and the resulting breakdown of sugars in a plant is called what?What effect does this have on the plant?What adaptations have plants evolved to combat this?Explain where C3, C4, and CAM photosynthesis get their names.416783521530600Use the diagram to illustrate C4 photosynthesis.How does C4 solve the problem of photorespiration?In what plants or regions would you find C4? 445262020165800Use the diagram to illustrate CAM photosynthesis.How does CAM solve the problem of photorespiration?In what plants or regions would you find CAM? Which type of photosynthesis, C4 or CAM, would you consider the best adaptation for dry environments? Explain why.Explain what is meant by Transpiration.What are stomata? Explain how they work.How does leaf surface area represent an adaptation for water conservation?If a smaller leaf has less surface area and less stomata, what is the trade off?Explain how the number of leaves serves as an adaptation to water conservation. What trade-offs require a change in the number of leaves?How would photosynthetic stems work to conserve water?Plants that store water in their leaves are called _______________________. Explain how this is an adaptation for water conservation.How would having leaf hairs help conserve water?What is a “waxy cuticle?” How does a waxy cuticle help conserve water?How does pollen represent an adaptation for reproduction?How are cones an adaptation for reproduction that works better than dispersing spores directly from the leaf (like in ferns)?Explain how flowers are adaptations for reproduction on dry land.What is a seed?What parts does a seed contain? What do they do?Explain how seeds are an adaptation for reproduction.Explain how fruits are an adaptation for reproduction.What are the main purposes of the roots of a plant?1)2)What are the different types of roots used for?Tap Root:Fibrous Root:Adventitious Root:Pneumatophorous Root:Describe how some plants are able to grow in salt water:What adaptations have plants evolved to cope with nitrogen deficiency? Explain how each functions1)2)3)What is the difference between thorns and spines?What are they used for?How does razor grass physically defend itself from herbivores?What is a “trichome?”What do plants use them for? Are they a physical or chemical defense, or both?What is a “thigmotropism?” What kind of defense is it?What is meant by “chemical defense?”What are Alkaloid chemicals? Give examples of their effects.What common plant uses alkaloid chemicals as a defense?Explain how poison ivy defends itself from herbivory.An elaborate form of chemical defense is illustrated by the attraction of an herbivore’s predator. Explain how that works.Explain how a symbiotic relationship between plants and animals may be used for defense of the plant. ................
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