Draft pest categorisation of organisms associated with ...



-924560-89662000center7127240Draft pest categorisation of organisms associated with washed ware potatoes (Solanum?tuberosum) imported from other Australian states and territories00Draft pest categorisation of organisms associated with washed ware potatoes (Solanum?tuberosum) imported from other Australian states and territoriesNucleorhabdovirus This page is intentionally left blankContributing authorsBennington JMAResearch Officer – Biosecurity and Regulation, Plant BiosecurityHammond NEResearch Officer – Biosecurity and Regulation, Plant BiosecurityPoole MCResearch Officer – Biosecurity and Regulation, Plant BiosecurityShan FResearch Officer – Biosecurity and Regulation, Plant BiosecurityWood CETechnical Officer – Biosecurity and Regulation, Plant BiosecurityDepartment of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, December 2016Document citationDAFWA 2016, Draft pest categorisation of organisms associated with washed ware potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) imported from other Australian states and territories. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, South Perth.Copyright? Western Australian Agriculture Authority, 2016Western Australian Government materials, including website pages, documents and online graphics, audio and video are protected by copyright law. Copyright of materials created by or for the Department of Agriculture and Food resides with the Western Australian Agriculture Authority established under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced or reused for any commercial purposes whatsoever without prior written permission of the Western Australian Agriculture Authority.For further information or additional copies of this document, please contact:Marc PoolePlant BiosecurityBiosecurity and RegulationDepartment of Agriculture and Food3 Baron-Hay CourtSouth Perth WA 6151Telephone: +61?8?9368?3224Email: plantbiosecuritypolicy@agric..auPost: Locked Bag 4 Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6983 Important disclaimerThe Chief Executive Officer of the Department of Agriculture and Food and the State of Western Australia accept no liability whatsoever by reason of negligence or otherwise arising from the use or release of this information or any part of it.Accessibility – screen readersTo enhance your experience, we suggest turning off spelling error notification as there are agricultural and departmental terms that may not be found in your local computer’s dictionary.This page is intentionally left blankContents TOC \o "1-4" \h \z \u Summary PAGEREF _Toc469652182 \h 1Methodology PAGEREF _Toc469652183 \h 4Introduction PAGEREF _Toc469652184 \h 4Determining an organisms quarantine pest status PAGEREF _Toc469652185 \h 4Association with potato production in Australia PAGEREF _Toc469652186 \h 4Association with the washed ware potato pathway PAGEREF _Toc469652187 \h 5Potential to establish and spread in Western Australia PAGEREF _Toc469652188 \h 5Potential for economic consequences PAGEREF _Toc469652189 \h 5Final determination PAGEREF _Toc469652190 \h 6Consultation PAGEREF _Toc469652191 \h 6Pest categorisation of invertebrates PAGEREF _Toc469652192 \h 7Pest categorisation of pathogens PAGEREF _Toc469652193 \h 27References PAGEREF _Toc469652194 \h 78Tables TOC \h \z \c "Table" Table 1: Pest categorisation summary PAGEREF _Toc469652694 \h 2Table 2 Quarantine pests associated with imported washed ware potatoes PAGEREF _Toc469652695 \h 3Table 3: Invertebrates potentially associated with Australian potato production PAGEREF _Toc469652696 \h 7Table 4: Pathway association and potential for establishment, spread and economic consequences (invertebrates) PAGEREF _Toc469652697 \h 21Table 5: Pathogens potentially associated with Australian potato production PAGEREF _Toc469652698 \h 27Table 6: Pathway association and potential for establishment, spread and economic consequences (pathogens) PAGEREF _Toc469652699 \h 62SummaryThe Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia (DAFWA) has prepared this draft pest categorisation as the first step in the policy review of washed ware potatoes imported into Western Australia from other states and territories. The purpose of the pest categorisation is to determine what quarantine pests are potentially associated with the washed ware potato pathway.Washed ware potatoes from interstate are currently permitted entry into Western Australia under strict quarantine conditions for specific pests and diseases. This policy has been in place for many years and is being reviewed to ensure it provides an appropriate level of protection for the state.The policy review is being undertaken via a pest risk analysis (PRA) process. A PRA is one mechanism by which DAFWA’s Plant Biosecurity Policy Group determines the biosecurity risks associated with commodities imported from other Australian states and territories, and provides scientific justification for any recommended phytosanitary measures. Any recommended phytosanitary measures are required to be compliant with international and national agreements.The draft pest categorisation (this document) identifies invertebrate and pathogen pests that are:associated with the washed ware potato pathway,absent from Western Australia,have the potential to establish in Western Australia, andbe of economic concern should they establish in Western Australia.This report has assessed REF Total_organisms \h \* MERGEFORMAT 430 candidate organisms potentially associated with commercial and non-commercial potato production in Australia ( REF _Ref445821279 \h Table 1). Of these candidate organisms, REF Total_invertebrates \h \* MERGEFORMAT 6 invertebrates and REF Total_pathogens \h \* MERGEFORMAT 31 pathogens ( REF _Ref432063653 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Table 2) were identified as pests of quarantine concern associated with the washed ware potato pathway that satisfy the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) definition of a quarantine pest:‘A pest of potential economic importance to the area endangered thereby and not yet present there, or present but not widely distributed and being officially controlled’ (ISPM?5 2016).At the conclusion of the consultation period for this draft pest categorisation, DAFWA will consider stakeholder submissions and incorporate relevant information into the draft policy review.The quarantine pests identified in the pest categorisation will undergo further assessment in the draft policy review to:determine the unrestricted risk of entry, establishment and spread of the pests in Western Australia, anddetermine the extent where necessary of any phytosanitary measures required to provide an appropriate level of protection for Western Australia.Table SEQ Table \* ARABIC 1: Pest categorisation summaryOrganism groupAssociated with Australian potato productionAbsent fromWestern Australia or of regional concernPotential presence on the washed ware potato pathwayPotential to establishPotential for economic consequencesQuarantine pest speciesMites721111Insects158359955Total invertebrates =SUM(ABOVE) 165 =SUM(ABOVE) 37 =SUM(ABOVE) 10 =SUM(ABOVE) 10 =SUM(ABOVE) 6 =SUM(ABOVE) 6No data in this rowBacteria2565533Phytoplasmas510000Fungi1676123221616Nematodes47246666Protozoa200000Viruses & Viroids1966666Total pathogens =SUM(B7:B12) 265 =SUM(C7:C12) 98 =SUM(D7:D12) 40 =SUM(E7:E12) 39 =SUM(F7:F12) 31 =SUM(G7:G12) 31No data in this rowTotal organisms =B5+B13430 =C5+C13135 =D5+D1350 =E5+E1349 =F5+F1337 =G5+G1337Table SEQ Table \* ARABIC 2 Quarantine pests associated with imported washed ware potatoesScientific nameCommon nameInvertebrateCheiroplatys latipes (Guérin-Méneville, 1831)potato scarabHapatesus (Hapatesus) hirtus Candèze, 1863potato wirewormRhizoglyphus robini Claparède, 1868bulb miteRhopaea magnicornis Blackburn, 1888rhopaea canegrubSericesthis geminata Boisduval, 1835pruinose scarabPathogenAlternaria protenta E.G. Simmons, 1986early blightBoeremia foveata (Foister) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley, 2010gangreneCarlavirus Potato virus M Potato virus M (PVM)Cylindrocarpon obtusisporum (Cooke & Harkn.) Wollenw., 1916black-foot (grapevine)Cylindrocladium clavatum Hodges & L.C. May, 1972brown-eyeDickeya zeae Samson et al., 2005bacterial soft rotDitylenchus dipsaci (Kühn 1857) Filip'ev, 1936stem nematodeFusarium flocciferum Corda, 1831dry rotFusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hansen, 1940dry rotFusarium poae (Peck) Wollenw., 1913dry rotGlobodera rostochiensis Wollenweber, 1923potato cyst nematodes (PCN)Helicobasidium purpureum (Tul.) Pat., 1885root rot (vegetables)Monographella cucumerina (Lindf.) Arx, 1984microdochium blight (cucurbits)Nucleorhabdovirus Eggplant mottled dwarf virusEggplant mottled dwarf virus (EMDV)Phacidiopycnis tuberivora (Güssow & W.R. Foster) B. Sutton, 1980dry, corky stem-end rotPhytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, 1876late blightPotato spindle tuber viroidPotato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd)Potexvirus Potato aucuba mosaic virusPotato aucuba mosaic virus (PAMV)Potyvirus Potato virus APotato virus A (PVA)Potyvirus Potato virus Y biological strains D and N, and phylogenetic group NTNPotato virus Y (PVY)Pratylenchus goodeyi Sher & Allen, 1953root lesion nematodePratylenchus jordanensis Hashim, 1983root lesion nematodePratylenchus loosi Loof, 1960root lesion nematodePratylenchus pratensis (de Man, 1880) Filip'jev, 1936root lesion nematodePseudomonas marginalis pv. marginalis (Brown 1918) Stevens, 1925soft rotPythiogeton ramosum Minden, 1916soft rotPythium deliense Meurs, 1934watery wound rot or shell rotRalstonia solanacearum (Smith 1896) Yabuuchi et al., 1996bacterial wiltSarocladium strictum (W. Gams) Summerell, 2011black bundle disease (corn)Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke & Berthold, 1879Verticillium wiltVerticillium dahliae Kleb., 1913 (VCGs not present)Verticillium wiltMethodologyIntroductionCandidate organisms are pests that are identified as possible candidates for phytosanitary measures in association with a pathway. The pest categorisation of candidate organisms (this document) is the first step in the process for the policy review of washed ware potatoes imported into Western Australia from other states and territories. The categorisation process examines whether a pest satisfies the criteria of a quarantine pest.The identification of quarantine pests potentially associated with washed ware potatoes in other states and territories is done in accordance with the International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM) 2 Framework for pest risk analysis (2016) and ISPM 11 Pest risk analysis of quarantine pests (2016).The methodology outlined in this document also aligns with current Commonwealth methodology for plant based pest risk analyses.The internationally accepted criterion of a quarantine pest has been defined by the International Plant Protection Convention as:‘a pest of potential economic importance to the area endangered thereby and not yet present there, or present but not widely distributed and being officially controlled’ (ISPM?5 2016), where:area is defined as an ‘officially defined country, part of a country or all or parts of several countries’ (ISPM?5 2016),potential economic importance is determined by ‘clear indications that the pest is likely to have an unacceptable economic impact (including environmental impact) in the PRA area’ (ISPM?11 2016), andendangered area is defined as ‘an area where ecological factors favour the establishment of a pest whose presence in the area will result in economically important loss’ (ISPM?5 2016).The categorisation of candidate organisms also establishes their association with the washed ware potato pathway.The quarantine pests identified in the pest categorisation will be assessed in the policy review to determine:the unrestricted risk of entry, establishment and spread of the pest into Western Australia, andthe extent where necessary, of any phytosanitary measures required to provide an appropriate level of protection for Western Australia.Determining an organisms quarantine pest statusAssociation with potato production in AustraliaA list of candidate organisms associated with commercial and non-commercial potato production was compiled based on information obtained from:a review of Commonwealth, state, scientific, industry and other literaturea review of relevant internet sourcesa review of invertebrate and pathogen specimens residing in collections within Australiaexpert consultation.The candidate organism list details:the current accepted name where possiblea substantiating reference indicating a potential association with commercial or non-commercial potato productiona substantiating reference establishing presence or absence in Western Australia.If a candidate organism is found to be present in Western Australia, and is not under official control, then it does not satisfy the criteria of a quarantine pest and further evaluation is not required.Where a candidate organism’s presence in Western Australia cannot be substantiated, then it may satisfy the criteria of a quarantine pest and is evaluated further.The list of candidate organisms associated with commercial and non-commercial potato production in Australia is presented in REF _Ref449684735 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Table 3 for invertebrates and REF _Ref466984026 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Table 5 for pathogens.Association with the washed ware potato pathwayA candidate organism’s association with the washed ware potato pathway is evaluated in REF _Ref404583410 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Table 4 for invertebrates and REF _Ref404754528 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Table 6 for pathogens. The evaluation includes a statement to substantiate the association.Any candidate organism is absent from Western Australia and found to be associated with the washed ware potato pathway are assessed further for their potential to establish and spread, and have an unacceptable economic consequence (including environmental impact) in Western Australia.Any candidate organisms evaluated as not having a credible pathway association are not considered further in the pest categorisation process. In some instances a candidate organism are not considered as having a pathway association if the reference is considered unreliable such as being is old with no recent records, or where only single pathway associated records were found.In the absence of sufficient information, uncertainties are identified and the process continues (ISPM?11 2016) to assess the organisms potential to establish, spread and be of economic concern in Western Australia.Potential to establish and spread in Western AustraliaA candidate organism’s potential to establish and spread within an endangered area of Western Australia is evaluated and presented in REF _Ref404583410 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Table 4 for invertebrates and REF _Ref404754528 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Table 6 for pathogens. An assumption is made that if a host plant is present in Western Australia then the potential exists for candidate organism to establish and spread. If the potential to establish and spread within endangered areas in Western Australia cannot be established, the candidate organism is not considered further.Potential for economic consequencesA candidate organism’s potential economic consequence should it establish within an endangered area of Western Australia is evaluated and presented in REF _Ref404583410 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Table 4 for invertebrates and REF _Ref404754528 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Table 6 for pathogens. If the potential for economic consequences cannot be determined then the candidate organism does not meet the definition of a quarantine pest and is not considered further.Final determinationA candidate organism that does not meet all of the criteria assessed in the pest categorisation phase is not considered a quarantine pest associated with the washed ware potato pathway. Candidate species meeting all criteria for a quarantine pest are eligible for further evaluation through the pest risk assessment process and are presented in REF _Ref432063653 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Table 2.Once the quarantine pest status has been validated for a candidate species they undergo pest risk assessment and comparison with the Appropriate Level of Protection (ALOP). For organisms with an unrestricted risk exceeding the ALOP, DAFWA proposes phytosanitary measures that are the least restrictive to trade. This work is undertaken in the pest risk analysis report.ConsultationOn 22 February 2016 the department notified stakeholders of the formal commencement of a policy review for washed ware potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) imported into Western Australia from other states and territories.This draft pest categorisation provides stakeholders the opportunity for advance consideration of quarantine pests, prior to the formal release of the draft report, and draw attention to any scientific, technical, or other gaps in the data, misinterpretations and errors.The department will consider submissions received and revise the draft policy review as appropriate. Stakeholders will then be provided an opportunity to provide comments to the draft policy review.Pest categorisation of invertebratesTable SEQ Table \* ARABIC 3: Invertebrates potentially associated with Australian potato productionHigher classificationOrganismSolanum tuberosumassociationPresent in AustraliaPresent in Western AustralianAssess furtherARACHNIDASarcoptiformes: AcaridaeRhizoglyphus echinopus (Fumouze & Robin, 1868)bulb miteAPPD (2016)Yes (Fan & Zhang 2003)Yes (APPD 2016)noSarcoptiformes: AcaridaeRhizoglyphus phylloxerae (Riley, 1874)ASCU (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesSarcoptiformes: AcaridaeRhizoglyphus robini Claparède, 1868bulb miteFan and Zhang (2003)Yes (Fan & Zhang 2003)Absent: no pest recordsyesTrombidiformes: EriophyidaeAculops lycopersici (Tryon, 1917)tomato russet miteDPIF (2014)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noTrombidiformes: PenthaleidaeHalotydeus destructor (Tucker, 1925)redlegged earth miteDillard et al. (1993)Yes (Robinson & Hoffmann 2001; APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noTrombidiformes: TarsonemidaePolyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks, 1904)broad miteBrough et al. (1994)Yes (Goodwin et al. 2000; APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noTrombidiformes: TetranychidaeTetranychus urticae Koch, 1835twospotted miteAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noCOLEOPTERAColeoptera: CerambycidaeStenoderus concolor Macleay, 1826Recorded as Stenocentrus concolorAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesColeoptera: CerambycidaeSybra centurio Pascoe, 1866Recorded as Ichthyodes centurioAPPD (2016)Yes APPD (2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesColeoptera: ChrysomelidaeAltica aenea (Olivier, 1808)Also recorded as Haltica igneametallic flea beetleAPPD (2016)Yes (Reid & Beatson 2015)Yes (Reid & Beatson 2015)noColeoptera: ChrysomelidaeArsipoda quadrimaculata (Bryant, 1942)Also recorded as Crepidodera quadrimaculataAPPD (2016)Yes (ABRS 2009)Absent: no pest recordsyesColeoptera: ChrysomelidaeAulacophora hilaris (Boisduval, 1835)pumpkin beetleAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noColeoptera: ChrysomelidaeCallosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775)cowpea weevilAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noColeoptera: ChrysomelidaeColaspoides haemorrhoidalis Lea, 1915APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesColeoptera: ChrysomelidaeLema (Quasilema) daturaphila Kogan & Goeden, 1970threelined potato beetle, Datura leaf beetleAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesColeoptera: ChrysomelidaeMonolepta australis (Jacoby, 1882)redshouldered leaf beetle, monolepta beetleAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noColeoptera: ChrysomelidaeNisotra submetallica Blackburn, 1894submetallic flea beetleAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesColeoptera: ChrysomelidaePhyllotreta undulata (Kutschera, 1860)striped flea beetle, brassica flea beetleAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (L Halling 2014, pers. comm.)noColeoptera: ChrysomelidaePsylliodes scutellatus (Waterhouse, 1838)Recorded as Psylliodes scutellatapotato flea beetleAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016).Absent: no pest recordsyesColeoptera: ChrysomelidaeXenidia picticornis Blackburn, 1896potato flea beetleHely et al. (1982)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesColeoptera: CoccinellidaeCleobora mellyi (Mulsant, 1850)southern ladybirdAPPD (2016)Yes (Pope 1988)Yes (APPD 2016)noColeoptera: CoccinellidaeCoccinella transversalis Fabricius, 1781transverse ladybirdHorne et al. (2002)Yes (Pope 1988)Yes (APPD 2016)noColeoptera: CoccinellidaeCoccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus, 1758eleven-spotted ladybirdAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes Pope (1988)noColeoptera: CoccinellidaeDiomus notescens (Blackburn, 1889)Also recorded as Scymnus notescens& Diomus nitiescensminute two-spotted ladybirdHorne et al. (2002)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noColeoptera: CoccinellidaeEpilachna guttatopustulata (Fabricius, 1775)Recorded as Henosepilachna guttatopustulatalarge leafeating ladybirdAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesColeoptera: CoccinellidaeEpilachna sumbana Bielawski, 1959Recorded as Henosepilachna cucurbitaecurcubit ladybirdAPPD (2016)Yes (Li 1993)Yes (Li 1993)noColeoptera: CoccinellidaeEpilachna vigintioctopunctata (Fabricius, 1775)Twentyeight-spotted potato ladybirdDPIF (2014)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noColeoptera: CoccinellidaeEpilachna vigintisexpunctata (Boisduval, 1835)Recorded as Henosepilachna vigintisexpunctataTwentysix-spotted potato ladybird Brough et al. (1994)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Li 1993)noColeoptera: CoccinellidaeHarmonia conformis (Boisduval, 1835)common spotted ladybirdHorne et al. (2002)Yes (Pope 1988)Yes (APPD 2016)noColeoptera: CoccinellidaeHippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777)spotted amber ladybird APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes Loch (2004, March)noColeoptera: CurculionidaeAtrichonotus minimus Blanchard, 1851Recorded as Atrichonotus taeniatulussmall lucerne weevilAllsopp and Hitchcock (1987)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noColeoptera: CurculionidaeListroderes foveatus (Lea, 1928) Recorded as Listroderes costirostrisAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noColeoptera: CurculionidaeListroderes delaiguei Germain, 1895subterranean clover weevilWilson and Wearne (1962)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noColeoptera: CurculionidaeListroderes difficilis Germain, 1895vegetable weevilAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noColeoptera: CurculionidaeListroderes obliquus Klug, 1829Wilson and Wearne (1962)Yes (Wilson & Wearne 1962)Yes (Wilson & Wearne 1962)noColeoptera: CurculionidaeNaupactus cervinus Boheman, 1840Recorded as Asynonychus cervinusFuller's rose weevilLearmonth and Matthiessen (1990)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noColeoptera: CurculionidaeNaupactus leucoloma Boheman, 1840Recorded as Graphognathus leucolomawhitefringed weevilMatthiessen and Learmonth (1995)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Loch 2006; APPD 2016)noColeoptera: CurculionidaeOtiorhynchus cribricollis Gyllenhal, 1834apple weevilLearmonth (2005)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noColeoptera: CurculionidaePhlyctinus callosus (Sch?enherr, 1826)garden weevilWalker (1980)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noColeoptera: CurculionidaeSteriphus caudatus (Pascoe, 1870)Also recorded as Desiantha caudatespinetailed weevilAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest records (Bellati et al. 2012)yesColeoptera: ElateridaeHapatesus (Hapatesus) hirtus Candèze, 1863potato wirewormHorne and Horne (1991)Yes (Neboiss 1957; APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesColeoptera: ElateridaeParacrepidomenus filiformis (Candèze, 1863)click beetleAPPD (2016)Yes (Calder 1996)Absent: pest records unreliable (APPD 2016)yesColeoptera: ElateridaeParacrepidomenus linearis (Schwarz, 1903)click beetleAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesColeoptera: LatridiidaeCorticaria japonica Reitter, 1877Also recorded as Corticaria adelaidaeminute mould beetleAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noColeoptera: MelyridaeDicranolaius bellulus (Boisduval, 1835)pollen beetle, red and blue beetleHorne et al. (2002)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noColeoptera: PtinidaeLasioderma serricorne (Fabricius, 1792)tobacco beetle, cigarette beetleAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noColeoptera: ScarabaeidaeAcrossidius tasmaniae Hope, 1847blackheaded pasture cockchaferHorne et al. (2002)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesColeoptera: ScarabaeidaeAdoryphorus coulonii (Burmeister, 1847)redheaded pasture cockchaferLearmonth (2005)Yes (Hardy 1981)Yes (APPD 2016)noColeoptera: ScarabaeidaeAtaenius picinus (Harold, 1867)Learmonth (2005)Yes (Williams 2002)Yes (APPD 2016)noColeoptera: ScarabaeidaeCarneodon laevipennis (Blackburn, 1896)Also recorded as Neodon laevipennisAPPD (2016)Yes (ABRS 2009)Yes Cassis and Weir (1992)noColeoptera: ScarabaeidaeCarneodon pecuarius (Reiche, 1860)APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noColeoptera: ScarabaeidaeCheiroplatys latipes (Guérin-Méneville, 1831)potato scarabAPPD (2016)Yes (McQuillan & Michaels 1997; APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesColeoptera: ScarabaeidaeDiphucephala elegans Blackburn, 1892APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesColeoptera: ScarabaeidaeDiphucephala pulchella Waterhouse, 1837Also recorded as Diphucephala smaragdulaAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesColeoptera: ScarabaeidaeHeteronychus arator (Fabricius, 1775) African black beetleMatthiessen and Learmonth (1995)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noColeoptera: ScarabaeidaeLepidiota laevis Arrow, 1932paspalum whitegrubLearmonth (2005)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)yesColeoptera: ScarabaeidaeMetanastes vulgivagus (Olliff, 1889)black beetle(APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noColeoptera: ScarabaeidaeOthnonius batesii Olliff, 1891Recorded as Othnonius batesiblack soil scarab(APPD 2016)Yes (ABRS 2009; APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesColeoptera: ScarabaeidaeRhopaea magnicornis Blackburn, 1888rhopaea canegrubHely et al. (1982)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesColeoptera: ScarabaeidaeRhopaea verreauxii Blanchard, 1851cocksfoot grubLearmonth (2005)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesColeoptera: ScarabaeidaeSericesthis consanguinea (Blackburn, 1907)wheat root scarabAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesColeoptera: ScarabaeidaeSericesthis geminata Boisduval, 1835Pruinose scarabAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: pest no longer present (APPD 2016)yesColeoptera: ScarabaeidaeSericesthis nigra (Lea, 1919)small pasture scarabAPPD (2016)Yes (ABRS 2009; APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesColeoptera: ScarabaeidaeSericesthis nigrolineata Boisduval, 1835dusky pasture scarabAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: pest no longer present (APPD 2016)yesColeoptera: TenebrionidaeAdelium brevicorne Blessig, 1861bronzed field beetleAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noDERMAPTERADermaptera: ForficulidaeForficula auricularia Linnaeus, 1758European earwigAPPD (2016)Yes (ABRS 2009; APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noDIPTERADiptera: AnthomyiidaeDelia platura (Meigen, 1826)onion maggotAPPD (2016)Yes (ABRS 2009; APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noDiptera: SyrphidaeSimosyrphus grandicornis (Macquart, 1842)common hover flyAPPD (2016)Yes (ABRS 2009; APPD 2016)Yes (ABRS 2009)noHEMIPTERAHemiptera: AleyrodidaeBemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) species complex, native biotypetobacco whiteflyCarver and Reid (1996)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (ICDB 2016)noHemiptera: AleyrodidaeBemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) species complex, B biotypesilverleaf whiteflyAPPD (2016)Yes (De Barro & Hart 2000)Yes (P De Barro 2004, pers. comm. 14 July)yesHemiptera: AleyrodidaeTrialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood, 1856)greenhouse whiteflyCarver and Reid (1996)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (De Barro et al. 2000)noHemiptera: AlydidaeMelanacanthus scutellaris (Dallas, 1852)brown bean bug, podsucking bugAPPD (2016)Yes (Cassis & Gross 2002; APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: AphididaeAcyrthosiphon (Acyrthosiphon) pisum (Harris, 1776)pea aphidAPPD (2016)Yes (SARDI 2015; APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: AphididaeAphis (Aphis) craccivora Koch, 1854cowpea aphidBerlandier (1997) Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: AphididaeAphis (Aphis) gossypii Glover, 1877cotton aphid, melon aphidAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (De Barro et al. 2000)noHemiptera: AphididaeAphis (Aphis) spiraecola Glover, 1877spiraea aphidAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: AphididaeAulacorthum (Aulacorthum) solani (Kaltenbach, 1843)foxglove aphidBerlandier (1997)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: AphididaeBrachycaudus (Brachycaudus) helichrysi (Kaltenbach, 1843)leafcurl plum aphidAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (De Barro et al. 2000)noHemiptera: AphididaeBrachycaudus (Thuleaphis) rumexicolens (Patch, 1917)dock aphidBerlandier (1997)Yes (ABRS 2009; APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: AphididaeBrevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758)cabbage aphidAPPD (2016)Yes (Eastop 1966; APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: AphididaeCapitophorus elaeagni (Del Guercio, 1894)artichoke aphid, thistle aphidAPPD (2016)Yes (Eastop 1966; APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: AphididaeDysaphis (Pomaphis) aucupariae (Buckton, 1879)wild service aphidAPPD (2016)Yes (Carver & Hales 1983; APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: AphididaeHysteroneura setariae (Thomas, 1878)rusty plum aphidAPPD (2016)Yes (Carver 1976; APPD 2016) Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: AphididaeMacrosiphum gei (Koch, 1855)APPD (2016)Absent: pest records (APPD 2016) unreliable (InfluentialPoints 2016) Absent: pest records (APPD 2016) unreliable (InfluentialPoints 2016)noHemiptera: AphididaeMacrosiphum (Macrosiphum) euphorbiae (Thomas, 1878)potato aphidBerlandier (1997)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: AphididaeMacrosiphum (Macrosiphum) rosae (Linnaeus, 1758)rose aphidAPPD (2016)Yes (Maelzer 1977; APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: AphididaeMyzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Sulzer, 1776)green peach aphidBerlandier (1997)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: AphididaeRhopalosiphoninus (Myzosiphon) staphyleae (Koch, 1854)mangold aphidBerlandier (1997)Yes (Hughes et al. 1964; APPD 2016) Yes (De Barro et al. 2000)noHemiptera: AphididaeRhopalosiphum rufiabdominale (Sasaki, 1899)rice root aphidLearmonth (2005) as Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalisYes (Eastop 1966; APPD 2016)Yes Eastop (1966)noHemiptera: AphididaeSmynthurodes betae Westwood, 1849bean root aphidEastop (1966)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: AphididaeTherioaphis (Therioaphis) trifolii (Monell, 1882)spotted alfalfa aphidAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: CicadellidaeAmrasca terraereginae (Paoli, 1936)Also recorded as Empoasca terraereginaecotton leafhopperBald (1941)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: CicadellidaeAnzygina zealandica (Myers, 1923)yellow leafhopperAPPD (2016)Yes (Fletcher & Larivière 2009; APPD 2016)Yes (Moir et al. 2003)noHemiptera: CicadellidaeAustroasca viridigrisea (Paoli, 1936)vegetable leafhopperBrough et al. (1994)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: CicadellidaeNesoclutha phryne (Evans) (Kirkaldy, 1907)Also recorded as Nesoclutha pallidaAustralian grass leafhopperAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: CicadellidaeOrosius orientalis (Matsumura, 1914)Also recorded as Orosius argentatuscommon brown leafhopperHorne et al. (2002)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: CoreidaeMictis caja St?l, 1865squash bugAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: CoreidaeMictis profana (Fabricius, 1803)squash bugBald (1941)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: DiaspididaeAonidiella aurantii (Maskell, 1879)red scaleAPPD (2016)Yes (Evans 1942; APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: LygaeidaeNysius caledoniae Distant, 1920Also recorded as Nysius clevelandensisgrey cluster bugAPPD (2016)Yes (Malipatil 2010)Yes (Malipatil 2010)noHemiptera: LygaeidaeNysius vinitor Bergroth, 1891Rutherglen bugDillard et al. (1993)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: MembracidaeAcanthuchus trispinifer (Fairmaire, 1846)APPD (2016)Yes (Evans 1966; Cookson & New 1980)Yes (Evans 1966)noHemiptera: MiridaeCampylomma liebknechti (Girault, 1934)apple dimpling bugAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: MiridaeClosterotomus norwegicus (Gmelin, 1790)potato bugGross (1975)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesHemiptera: MiridaeCoridromius chenopoderis Tatarnic & Cassis, 2006Also recorded as Coridromius variegatusAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Tatarnic & Cassis 2008)noHemiptera: MiridaeCoridromius monotocopsis Tatarnic & Cassis, 2008Also recorded as Coridromius variegatusAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesHemiptera: MiridaeCoridromius pilbarensis Tatarnic & Cassis, 2008Also recorded as Coridromius variegatusAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Tatarnic & Cassis 2008)noHemiptera: MiridaeCreontiades dilutus (St?l, 1859)green miridHorne et al. (2002)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: MiridaeSidnia kinbergi (St?l, 1859)crop miridAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes Cassis and Gross (1995)noHemiptera: NabidaeNabis (Tropiconabis) kinbergii Reuter, 1872damsel bugHorne et al. (2002)Yes (Woodward & Strommer 1982; APPD 2016) Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: PentatomidaeAnaxilaus vesiculosus (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1840)APPD (2016) as A.?vesiculosisYes (Gross 1976; TPPD 2016)Yes Gross (1976)noHemiptera: PentatomidaeCaystrus pallidolimbatus (St?l, 1869)small brown stink bugAPPD (2016)Yes (Cassis & Gross 2002; UQIC 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesHemiptera: PentatomidaeCermatulus nasalis nasalis (Westwood, 1837)predatory shield bugRecorded as Cermatulus nasalisHorne et al. (2002)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: PentatomidaeCuspicona simplex Walker, 1867green potato bugAPPD (2016)Yes (Gross 1976; APPD 2016)Yes (ABRS 2009)noHemiptera: PentatomidaeNezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758)green vegetable bugHorne et al. (2002)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: PentatomidaeOechalia schellenbergii (Guérin, 1831)predatory shield bugHorne et al. (2002)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: PseudococcidaeDysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell, 1893)pineapple mealybugAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: PseudococcidaePlanococcus citri (Risso, 1813)citrus mealybugAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: PseudococcidaePlanococcus minor (Maskell, 1897)Pacific mealybug, passionvine mealybugAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesHemiptera: PseudococcidaePseudococcus viburni (Signoret, 1875)APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: ScutelleridaeChoerocoris paganus (Fabricius, 1775)ground shield bugAPPD (2016)Yes (Cassis & Vanags 2006; APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHemiptera: ScutelleridaeChoerocoris variegatus Dallas, 1851jewel bugAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHYMENOPTERAHymenoptera: BraconidaeApanteles subandinus Blanchard, 1947parasitic waspKeller and Horne (1993)Yes Austin and Dangerfield (1992)Yes Austin and Dangerfield (1992)noHymenoptera: BraconidaeAphidius similis Star? & Carver, 1979parasitic waspStar? and Carver (1980)Yes (Star? & Carver 1980)Yes Star? and Carver (1980)noHymenoptera: BraconidaeOrgilus lepidus Muesebeck, 1967parasitic waspSymington (2003)Yes (Briese 1981; Keller & Horne 1993; TPPD 2016)Yes Horne (1998)noHymenoptera: EncyrtidaeCopidosoma desantisi Annecke & Mynhardt, 1974Keller and Horne (1993)Yes Keller and Horne (1993)Yes Briese (1981)noHymenoptera: EncyrtidaeCopidosoma koehleri Blanchard, 1940Keller and Horne (1993)Yes Keller and Horne (1993)Yes Waterhouse and Sands (2001)noLEPIDOPTERALepidoptera: CrambidaeAchyra affinitalis (Lederer, 1863)weed web moth, cotton webspinnerAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noLepidoptera: CrambidaeSceliodes cordalis (Doubleday, 1843)eggfruit caterpillarAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noLepidoptera: GelechiidaePhthorimaea operculella (Zeller, 1873)potato mothSymington (2003)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noLepidoptera: GelechiidaeSymmetrischema tangolias (Gyen, 1913)tomato stemborerAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noLepidoptera: HepialidaeOxycanus antipoda (Herrich-Sch?ffer, 1853)Also recorded as Oxycanus fuscomaculatusoxycanus grassgrubAllsopp and Hitchcock (1987)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noLepidoptera: LycaenidaeZizina otis labradus (Godart, [1824])Recorded as Zizina labradusAPPD (2016)Yes (ABRS 2009)Yes (APPD 2016)noLepidoptera: NoctuidaeAgrotis infusa (Boisduval, 1832)bogong moth, common cutwormAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noLepidoptera: NoctuidaeAgrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel, 1766)black cutwormCommon (1990)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noLepidoptera: NoctuidaeAgrotis munda Walker, 1857brown cutwormAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noLepidoptera: NoctuidaeAthetis tenuis (Butler, 1886)APPD (2016)Yes (ABRS 2009; APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noLepidoptera: NoctuidaeChrysodeixis argentifera (Guenée, 1852)looper caterpillar, tobacco looperAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noLepidoptera: NoctuidaeChrysodeixis eriosoma (Doubleday, 1843)looper caterpillar, green looperAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noLepidoptera: NoctuidaeChrysodeixis subsidens (Walker, 1858)looper caterpillarAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noLepidoptera: NoctuidaeHelicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1808)corn earworm, cotton bollworm, tomato grub, tobacco budwormBrough et al. (1994)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noLepidoptera: NoctuidaeHelicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren, 1860)native budwormHorne et al. (2002)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noLepidoptera: NoctuidaeNeumichtis nigerrima (Guenée, 1852)APPD (2016)Yes (ABRS 2009; APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noLepidoptera: NoctuidaeNeumichtis saliaris (Guenée, 1852)green cutwormCommon (1990) Yes (ABRS 2009; APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesLepidoptera: NoctuidaeNeumichtis sepultrix (Guenée, 1852)APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesLepidoptera: NoctuidaeNeumichtis spumigera (Guenée, 1852)APPD (2016)Yes (ABRS 2009; APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesLepidoptera: NoctuidaeProteuxoa atra (Guenée, 1852)APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesLepidoptera: NoctuidaeSpodoptera litura (Fabricius, 1775)cluster caterpillarAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noLepidoptera: PieridaePieris rapae (Linnaeus, 1758)cabbage white butterflyAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noNEUROPTERANeuroptera: ChrysopidaeMallada signatus (Schneider, 1851)green lacewingHorne et al. (2002)Yes (New 1996)Yes (New 1996)noNeuroptera: HemerobiidaeMicromus tasmaniae (Walker, 1860)brown lacewingHorne et al. (2002)Yes (New 1996)Yes (New 1996)noORTHOPTERAOrthoptera: AcrididaePhaulacridium vittatum (Sj?stedt, 1920)wingless grasshopperHorne et al. (2002)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noOrthoptera: GryllidaeTeleogryllus commodus (Walker, 1869)black field cricketBrough et al. (1994)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noTHYSANOPTERAThysanoptera: AeolothripidaeDesmothrips tenuicornis (Bagnall, 1916)APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes Houston et al. (1991)noThysanoptera: AeolothripidaeAeolothrips fasciatus (Linnaeus, 1758)APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesThysanoptera: PhlaeothripidaeHaplothrips victoriensis Bagnall, 1918tubular black thripsAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noThysanoptera: PhlaeothripidaeNesothrips propinquus (Bagnall, 1916)APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes Mound (1974)noThysanoptera: ThripidaeAnaphothrips varii Moulton, 1935APPD (2016)Yes (Mound & Masumoto 2009; APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noThysanoptera: ThripidaeArorathrips mexicanus (Crawford, 1909)APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noThysanoptera: ThripidaeFrankliniella occidentalis (Pergande, 1895)western flower thripsHorne et al. (2002)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes Hoddle et al. (2006)noThysanoptera: ThripidaeFrankliniella schultzei (Trybom, 1910)tomato thripsAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noThysanoptera: ThripidaePseudanaphothrips achaetus (Bagnall, 1916)hairless flower thripsAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noThysanoptera: ThripidaeThrips imaginis Bagnall, 1926plague thripsHorne et al. (2002)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noThysanoptera: ThripidaeThrips palmi Karny, 1925melon thripsWalsh (2011); APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Mound 2002)yesThysanoptera: ThripidaeThrips tabaci Lindemann, 1888onion thripsHorne et al. (2002); APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noTable SEQ Table \* ARABIC 4: Pathway association and potential for establishment, spread and economic consequences (invertebrates)OrganismPathway associationPotential for establishment and spreadPotential economic consequencePathway associated quarantine pestARACHNIDARhizoglyphus phylloxerae (Riley, 1874)[Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae]No: Single record from 1941 (ASCU 2016). No other record of Rhizoglyphus phylloxerae from Australia could be found.Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoRhizoglyphus robini Claparède, 1868[Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae]Yes: Associated with potato, stem and damaged root of Solanum tuberosum (Fan & Zhang 2003).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Rhizoglyphus robini can damage a variety of crops including onions, garlic, Lilium, Hyacinthus, other vegetables, cereals and ornamentals in storage, in the greenhouse and in the field (Díaz et al. 2000).yesCOLEOPTERAAcrossidius tasmaniae Hope, 1847[Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae]No: Larvae live underground and emerge at night to feed on grasses. High population levels do not cause tuber damage (Horne et al. 2002).Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoArsipoda quadrimaculata (Bryant, 1942)[Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae]No: Single record of adult from 1954 (ASCU 2016), no other records found. Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoCheiroplatys latipes (Guérin-Méneville, 1831)[Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae]Yes: Adults feed on tubers (Allsopp & Hitchcock 1987).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Damaged tubers can be unsuitable for sale (Allsopp & Hitchcock 1987).yesColaspoides haemorrhoidalis Lea, 1915[Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae]Yes: The known larvae of Eumolpinae are, soil-inhabiting root feeders, some of which cause commercially significant damage to crops (ABRS 2009).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).No: The paucity of available literature on C. haemorrhoidalis indicates a non-pestiferous nature.noDiphucephala elegans Blackburn, 1892[Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae]Yes: Larvae feed on the roots of various plants (Hangay & Zborowski 2010).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).No: The paucity of available literature on E. maculata larvae indicates a non-pestiferous nature.noDiphucephala smaragdula Boisduval, 1835[Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae]Yes: Larvae live in the soil and feed on the root systems of various plants (Hangay & Zborowski 2010).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).No: The paucity of available literature on E. maculata larvae indicates a non-pestiferous nature.noEpilachna guttatopustulata (Fabricius, 1775)[Coleoptera: Coccinellidae]No: Larvae and adult feed on Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae foliage (Li 1993).Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoHapatesus (Hapatesus) hirtus Candèze, 1863[Coleoptera: Elateridae]Yes: Larva burrow into tubers (Horne & Horne 1991).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: An important pest of potatoes in Victoria (Learmonth 2005), with larva found to cause considerable damage to crops (Calder 1996). Tunnels created by burrowing larvae are also entry points for fungal rots (Horne et al. 2002).yesLema (Quasilema) daturaphila Kogan & Goeden, 1970[Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae]No: Larvae and adults feed on foliage (Eaton 2009).Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoLepidiota laevis Arrow, 1932Coleoptera: ScarabaeidaeNo: Associated with pasture and sugarcane in the Atherton Tablelands (Qld) (Learmonth 2005). No association with potato tuber could be found.Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoNisotra submetallica Blackburn, 1894[Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae]No: Larvae of the genera are stem or root borers (Matthews & Reid 2002). Adult Galerucinae feed on foliage while larvae can be stem, leaf or root feeders (Hangay & Zborowski 2010). No association with potato tuber could be found.Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoOthnonius batesii Olliff, 1891[Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae]No: Single record from 1964 (APPD 2016), no plant part recorded. No other records found.Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoParacrepidomenus filiformis (Candèze, 1863)[Coleoptera: Elateridae]No: The biology of almost all denticolline species is poorly known (ABRS 2009). No association with potato tuber could be found.Assessment not requiredNo: The paucity of available literature on Paracrepidomenus larvae and Paracrepidomenus in general indicates a non-pestiferous nature.noParacrepidomenus linearis (Schwarz, 1903)[Coleoptera: Elateridae]No: The biology of almost all denticolline species is poorly known (ABRS 2009). No association with potato tuber could be found.Assessment not requiredNo: The paucity of available literature on Paracrepidomenus larvae and Paracrepidomenus in general indicates a non-pestiferous nature.noPsylliodes scutellatus (Waterhouse, 1838)[Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae]No: Larvae of the genera are stem or root borers (Matthews & Reid 2002). No association with potato tuber could be found.Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoRhopaea magnicornis Blackburn, 1888[Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae]Yes: Associated with stem and tuber damage (Hely et al. 1982).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Associated with stem and tuber damage (Hely et al. 1982).yesRhopaea verreauxii Blanchard, 1851[Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae]Yes: Although pasture is the primary host for R. verreaux, tuber damage though to be caused by R. verreaux, has been reported by (Learmonth 2005).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).No: The paucity of available literature on R. verreaux indicates a non-pestiferous nature.noSericesthis consanguinea (Blackburn, 1907)[Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae]No: Larvae damage roots of young cereal plants by active feeding or damaging them while foraging for soil organic matter (Bailey 2007).Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoSericesthis geminata Boisduval, 1835[Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae]Yes: recorded from potato tubers (APPD 2016).Yes: Pastures (DAFWA 2016a), lawns (DAFWA 2014) and vegetables (DAFWA 2016b) are grown extensively in Western Australia.Yes: A pest of pastures, lawns and vegetables; larvae live in the soil, feeding on humus and the root system of various plants (Hangay & Zborowski 2010). Adults feed on leaves and can be serious defoliators (CSIRO 1991).yesSericesthis nigra (Lea, 1919)[Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae]No: Single record from Tas. in 1952 (APPD 2016). Life stage not reported. No association with potato tuber could be found.Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoSericesthis nigrolineata Boisduval, 1835[Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae]No: Sericesthis spp. larvae are soil-dwelling root feeders (CSIRO 1991).Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoStenoderus concolor Macleay, 1826[Coleoptera: Cerambycidae]No: Single undated record from Vic. in 1952 (APPD 2016). Larvae tend to feed on the cambium phloem layer under bark and pupate in sapwood (Matthews 1997)Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoSteriphus caudatus (Pascoe, 1870)[Coleoptera: Curculionidae]No: Soil-dwelling larvae feed on seeds, hypocotyls of germinating seedlings and young seedlings. Adults feed plant foliage (Allen 1973).Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoSybra centurio Pascoe, 1866[Coleoptera: Cerambycidae]No: Single record from NSW in 1941 (APPD 2016). Larvae tend to feed on the cambium phloem layer under bark and pupate in sapwood (Matthews 1997).Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoXenidia picticornis Blackburn, 1896[Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae]No: Adults feed on foliage & larvae feed within stems (Hely et al. 1982).Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoHEMIPTERABemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) species complex, B biotype[Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae]No: All life stages feed and develop on foliage (Botha et al. 2004)Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoCaystrus pallidolimbatus (St?l, 1869)[Hemiptera: Pentatomidae]No: Aboreal, sap-feeding herbivore (Cassis & Gross 2002).Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoClosterotomus norwegicus (Gmelin, 1790)[Hemiptera: Miridae]No: Adults and nymphs feed on buds, growing points, flowers and foliage of host plants (Heisswolf et al. 2010)Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoCoridromius monotocopsis Tatarnic & Cassis, 2008[Hemiptera: Miridae]No: Found almost exclusively on Monotoca elliptica buds, flowers, leaves and stems (Tatarnic & Cassis 2008)Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoPlanococcus minor (Maskell, 1897)[Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae]No: Found on aerial plant parts away from direct sunlight (Roda et al. 2013).Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoLEPIDOPTERANeumichtis saliaris (Guenée, 1852)[Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]No: Larvae feed on leaf material (Berlandier & Baker 2007).Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoNeumichtis sepultrix (Guenée, 1852)[Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]No: Single record from 1955 (TPPD 2016) only; no other records found.Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoNeumichtis spumigera (Guenée, 1852)[Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]No: Larvae feed on leaf material (Berlandier & Baker 2007).Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoProteuxoa atra (Guenée, 1852)[Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]No: Descriptor from TPPD (2016) recorded as ‘found resting on soil in potato crop ‘. No association with potato tuber could be found.Assessment not requiredNo: The paucity of available literature on Proteuxoa atra and Proteuxoa in general indicates a non-pestiferous nature.noTHYSANOPTERAAeolothrips fasciatus (Linnaeus, 1758)[Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae]No: Presumed a predatory aboreal or ground living species (Mound & Wells 2015).Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoThrips palmi Karny, 1925[Thysanoptera: Thripidae]No: Thrips palmi adult & larvae feed on leaves, stems, flowers and fruit of host plants (Girling 1992).Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoPest categorisation of pathogensTable SEQ Table \* ARABIC 5: Pathogens potentially associated with Australian potato productionHigher classificationOrganismSolanum tuberosum associationPresent in AustraliaPresent in Western AustralianAssess furtherBACTERIAActinomycetales: MicrococcaceaeArthrobacter Conn and Dimmick, 1947APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Not assessedyesActinomycetales: StreptomycetaceaeStreptomyces scabiei corrig. (ex Thaxter 1892) Lambert & Loria, 1989Also recorded as Actinomyces scabies (Thaxt.) Güssow, 1914; Streptomyces scabies (Thaxter 1891) Waksman and Henrici, 1948common scabShivas (1989); Dillard et al. (1993)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Shivas 1989)noBacillales: BacillaceaeBacillus cereus Frankland and Frankland, 1887Department of Health (2005)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Department of Health 2005)noBacillales: BacillaceaeBacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg 1835) Cohn, 1872 Also recorded as Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis (Ehrenberg 1835) Nakamura et al., 1999Malcolmson (1960 cited in Rich 1983, p. 26)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (PathWest 2016)noBacillales: PaenibacillaceaePaenibacillus polymyxa (Prazmowski 1880) Ash et al., 1994Also recorded as Bacillus polymyxa (Prazmowski 1880) Macéacute, 1889Jackson and Henry (1946)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (PathWest 2016)noBurkholderiales: BurkholderiaceaeBurkholderia gladioli pv. gladioli (Severini 1913) Yabuuchi et al., 1993Also recorded as Burkholderia gladioli (Severini 1913) Yabuuchi et al., 1993; Pseudomonas gladioli Severini, 1913; Pseudomonas gladioli pv. gladioli Severini, 1913corm scab of gladiolusCABI (2016b)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Shivas 1989)noBurkholderiales: BurkholderiaceaeRalstonia solanacearum (Smith 1896) Yabuuchi et al., 1996Also recorded as Burkholderia solanacearum (Smith 1896) Yabuuchi et al., 1993; Pseudomonas solanacearum (Smith 1896) Smith, 1914brown rot; bacterial wiltDillard et al. (1993); DAFF (2013)Yes (Elphinstone 2005)Absent: pest eradicated (Elphinstone 2005)yesCytophagales: CytophagaceaeCytophaga Winogradsky, 1929Sampson and Walker (1982b)Yes (Sampson & Walker 1982b)Not assessedyesEnterobacteriales: EnterobacteriaceaeDickeya chrysanthemi (Burkholder, McFadden & Dimock 1953) Samson et al., 2005Also recorded as Erwinia chrysanthemi Burkholder, McFadden & Dimock, 1953; Pectobacterium chrysanthemi Brenner et al., 1973black legDAFF (2013)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noEnterobacteriales: EnterobacteriaceaeDickeya zeae Samson et al., 2005Also recorded as Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. zeae (Sabet 1954) Victoria et al. 1975; Pectobacterium chrysanthemi pv. zeae (Sabet 1954) Young et al., 2004soft rot; wiltDAFF (2013)Yes (NZFUNGI 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesEnterobacteriales: EnterobacteriaceaeEnterobacter aerogenes Hormaeche and Edwards, 1960Sampson and Walker (1982b)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noEnterobacteriales: EnterobacteriaceaeEnterobacter cloacae (Jordan 1890) Hormaeche and Edwards,1960soft rotAshmawy et al. (2015)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noEnterobacteriales: EnterobacteriaceaeErwinia carotovora pv. tomatoAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Not assessednoEnterobacteriales: EnterobacteriaceaePantoea agglomerans (Beijerinck 1888) Gavini et al., 1989Also recorded as Corynebacterium beticola Abdou, 1969; Enterobacter agglomerans (Beijerinck 1888) Ewing and Fife, 1972; Erwinia herbicola (L?hnis 1911) Dye, 1964Cui et al. (2003)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noEnterobacteriales: EnterobacteriaceaePectobacterium atrosepticum (van Hall 1902) Gardan et al., 2003Also recorded as Erwinia atroseptica (van Hall 1902) Jennison, 1923; Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (van Hall 1902) Dye, 1969; Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum (van Hall 1902) Hauben et al., 1999tuber soft rot; black leg; aerial stem rotDillard et al. (1993); DAFF (2013)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (WAC 2016c)noEnterobacteriales: EnterobacteriaceaePectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Jones 1901) Hauben et al., 1999 emend. Gardan et al., 2003Also recorded as Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (Jones 1901) Bergey et al., 1923tuber soft rot; black leg; aerial stem rotPeltzer and Sivasithamparam (1985)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Peltzer & Sivasithamparam 1985)noFlavobacteriales: FlavobacteriaceaeChryseobacterium indologenes (Yabuuchi et al. 1983) Vandamme et al. 1994 emend. Montero-Calasanz et al., 2013Also recorded as Flavobacterium indologenes Yabuuchi et al., 1983APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPseudomonadales: PseudomonadaceaePseudomonas fluorescens Migula, 1895APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPseudomonadales: PseudomonadaceaePseudomonas marginalis pv. marginalis (Brown 1918) Stevens, 1925Also recorded as Pseudomonas marginalis (Brown 1918) Stevens, 1925soft rotDAFF (2013)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesPseudomonadales: PseudomonadaceaePseudomonas putida (Trevisan 1889) Migula, 1895APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPseudomonadales: PseudomonadaceaePseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van Hall, 1902Also recorded as Pseudomonas syringae pv. japonica (Mukoo 1955) Dye, Bradbury, Goto, Hayward, Lelliott & Schroth, 1980APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPseudomonadales: PseudomonadaceaePseudomonas viridiflava (Burkholder 1930) Dowson, 1939post-harvest soft rotMacagnan et al. (2007)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noRhizobiales: RhizobiaceaeRhizobium radiobacter (Beijerinck and van Delden 1902) Young et al., 2001Also recorded as Agrobacterium radiobacter (Beijerinck and van Delden 1902) Conn, 1942; A.?tumefaciens (Smith & Townsend 1907) Conn, 1942Koko?ková and Klenová (2009)Yes (APPD 2016) Yes (Shivas 1989)noRhizobiales: RhizobiaceaeRhizobium rhizogenes (Riker et al. 1930) Young et al., 2001Also recorded as Agrobacterium rhizogenes (Riker et al. 1930) Conn, 1942Washington and Nancarrow (1983)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Shivas 1989)noXanthomonadales: XanthomonadaceaeXanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Doidge 1920) Dye 1978Also recorded as Xanthomonas vesicatoria (Doige, 1920) Dawson, 1939; X.?vesicatoria (ex Doidge 1920) Vauterin et al., 1995Hayward and Waterston (1964)Yes (McDougall et al. 2013)Yes (McDougall et al. 2013)yesPHYTOPLASMA‘Candidatus Phytoplasma'‘Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’ [16SrII - B]Paltrinieri and Bertaccini (2007); DAFF (2013)Yes: only some strains (Davis et al. 1997; DAFF 2013)Yes: only some strains (Davis et al. 1997; DAFF 2013)no‘Candidatus Phytoplasma'‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australasiae’ [16SrII - D]TBB phytoplasma (Australian isolates)Conroy (1954)Yes: (White et al. 1998; Schneider et al. 1999)Yes: (Schneider et al. 1999)no‘Candidatus Phytoplasma'‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense’ (16SrXII-B)Australian grapevine yellowsDAFF (2013)Yes (Streten et al. 2005)Yes (Bayliss et al. 2005; Streten et al. 2005)noMycoplasma-like organismPotato witches' broom virus (Potato witches’ broom disease)Biological Branch (1943)No: unreliable record (Biological Branch 1943)Not assessednoMycoplasma-like organismPurple top wilt diseasePersley et al. (2010)Yes: (Persley et al. 2010)Not assessednoFUNGI AND CHROMISTAAscomycotaStachylidium bicolor Link, 1809APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesAscomycota:ApiosporaceaeArthrinium phaeospermum (Corda) M.B. Ellis, 1965CABI (2016a)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noAscomycota:LeotiomycetesGeomyces pannorum var. pannorumAlso recorded as Geomyces pannorum [as 'pannorus'] (Link) Sigler & J.W. Carmich., 1976; Geomyces vulgaris Traaen, 1914APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noAscomycota:PlectosphaerellaceaeGibellulopsis nigrescens (Pethybr.) Zare, W. Gams & Summerb., 2007Also recorded as Verticillium nigrescens Pethybr., 1919APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Shivas 1989)noAscomycota:PlectosphaerellaceaeVerticillium Nees, 1817APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Not assessednoAscomycota:PlectosphaerellaceaeVerticillium albo-atrum Reinke & Berthold, 1879Also recorded as Verticillium alboatrum Reinke & Berthold, 1879 (orthographic variant)Verticillium wiltDAFF (2013)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: pest records invalid/unreliable (Walker 1990)yesAscomycota:PlectosphaerellaceaeVerticillium dahliae Kleb., 1913Also recorded as Verticillium dahia (misspelling)Verticillium wiltDAFF (2013)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes: only some strains (APPD 2016)yesAscomycota:PlectosphaerellaceaeVerticillium tricorpus I. Isaac, 1953Nair et al. (2015)Yes (Nair et al. 2015)Absent: pest records unreliableyesAgaricales:PhysalacriaceaeArmillaria (Fr.) Staude, 1857APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Not assessednoAgaricales:PhysalacriaceaeArmillaria luteobubalina Watling & Kile, 1978APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noAgaricales:PhysalacriaceaeArmillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm., 1871root rotSimmonds (1966)Absent: pest records invalid/unreliableAbsent: pest records invalid/unreliable (Coetzee et al. 2000; Coetzee et al. 2001)noAtheliales:AtheliaceaeAthelia rolfsii (Curzi) C.C. Tu & Kimbr., 1978Also recorded as Corticium centrifugum (Lév.) Bres., 1903; Corticium rolfsii Curzi, 1932; Pellicularia rolfsii (Curzi) E. West, 1947; Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., 1911stem rotde Icochea (2001b)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noBotryosphaeriales:BotryosphaeriaceaeMacrophomina Petr., 1923APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Not assessednoBotryosphaeriales:BotryosphaeriaceaeMacrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., 1947Also recorded as Macrophomina phaseoli (Maubl.) S.F. Ashby, 1927charcoal rotAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noCalosphaeriales:CalosphaeriaceaeTogninia parasitica L. Mostert, W. Gams & Crous, 2006Also recorded as Phaeoacremonium parasiticum (Ajello, Georg & C.J. Wang) W. Gams, Rous & M.J. Wingf., 1996; Phialophora parasitica Ajello, Georg & C.J.K. Wang, 1974Thanassoulopoulos and Giapanoglou (1994)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Gramaje et al. 2014)noCantharellales:CeratobasidiaceaeThanatephorus cucumeris (A.B. Frank) Donk, 1956Also recorded as Corticium microsclerotium (Matz) G.F. Weber, 1939; Corticium solani (Prill. & Delacr.) Bourdot & Galzin, 1911; Pellicularia filamentosa (Pat.) D.P. Rogers, 1943; Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn, 1858Rhizoctonia canker and black scurfAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Shivas 1989)noCapnodiales:DavidiellaceaeCladosporium tenuissimum Cooke, 1878Herb I.M.I. (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noCapnodiales:MycosphaerellaceaeCercospora Fresen., 1863APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Not assessednoCapnodiales:MycosphaerellaceaeCercospora physalidis Ellis, 1882Groenewald et al. (2013)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noCapnodiales:MycosphaerellaceaePassalora concors (Casp.) U. Braun & Crous, 2003Also recorded as Cercospora concors (Casp.) Sacc., 1886; Mycovellosiella concors (Casp.) Deighton, 1974Cercospora leaf blotchAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesCapnodiales:MycosphaerellaceaePseudocercospora atromarginalis (G.F. Atk.) Deighton, 1976Also recorded as Cercospora atromarginalis G.F. Atk., 1892APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noErysiphales:ErysiphaceaeErysiphe cichoracearum DC., 1805Also recorded as Golovinomyces cichoracearum (DC.) V.P. Heluta, 1988; Golovinomyces cichoracearum var. cichoracearum (DC.) V.P. Heluta, 1988powdery mildewJohnson and Rowe (2001)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noErysiphales:ErysiphaceaeErysiphe orontii Castagne, 1851 Also recorded as Golovinomyces orontii (Castagne) V.P. Heluta, 1988Cunnington et al. (2005)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesErysiphales:ErysiphaceaeLeveillula taurica (Lév.) G. Arnaud, 1921Herb I.M.I. (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noErysiphales:ErysiphaceaeOidium Link, 1824APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Not assessednoEurotiales:TrichocomaceaeAspergillus niger Tiegh., 1867Also recorded as Aspergillus niger var. niger Tiegh., 1867CABI (2016a)Yes (Leong et al. 2007)Yes (Leong et al. 2007)noEurotiales:TrichocomaceaeAspergillus ustus (Bainier) Thom & Cherch, 1926Herb I.M.I. (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Herb I.M.I. 2016)noEurotiales:TrichocomaceaeEupenicillium senticosum D.B. Scott, 1968Also recorded as Penicillium senticosum D.B. Scott, 1968APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesEurotiales:TrichocomaceaePenicillium expansum Link, 1809Also recorded as Penicillium glaucum Stoll, 1809Demi?rci? et al. (2011)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noGlomerellales:GlomerellaceaeColletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) S. Hughes, 1958Also recorded as Colletotrichum atramentarium (Berk. & Broome) Taubenh., 1916black dotDillard et al. (1993); Lees and Hilton (2003); APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noGlomerellales:GlomerellaceaeColletotrichum dematium (Pers.) Grove, 1918Damm et al. (2009)Yes (Damm et al. 2009)Absent: pest records invalid/unreliableyesHelicobasidiales:HelicobasidiaceaeHelicobasidium purpureum (Tul.) Pat., 1885Also recorded as Helicobasidium brebissonii (Desm.) Donk, 1958; Rhizoctonia crocorum (Pers.) DC., 1815violet root rotDAFF (2013)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: pest records invalid/unreliable (Shivas 1989)yesHelotiales:BulgariaceaePhacidiopycnis tuberivora (Güssow & W.R. Foster) B. Sutton, 1980Also recorded as Phomopsis tuberivora Güssow & W.R. Foster, 1932stem-end hard rot, dry rot, or corky rot of potatoesAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: pest records invalid/unreliable yesHelotiales:SclerotiniaceaeBotrytis cinerea Pers., 1794Also recorded as Botryotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Whetzel, 1945gray moldDillard et al. (1993); APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHelotiales:SclerotiniaceaeSclerotinia minor Jagger, 1920white moldAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHelotiales:SclerotiniaceaeSclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, 1884white moldDillard et al. (1993); APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHypocrealesAcremonium Link, 1809APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Not assessednoHypocrealesAcremonium alternatum Link, 1809Farr and Rossman (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesHypocrealesAcremonium cereale (P. Karst.) W. Gams, 1971Also recorded as Fusarium cerealis (P. Karst.) Gruyter & J.H.M. Schneid., 1991; Gliomastix cerealis (P. Karst.) C.H. Dickinson, 1968APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesHypocrealesAcremonium curvulum W. Gams, 1971Herb I.M.I. (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHypocrealesAcremonium implicatum (J.C. Gilman & E.V. Abbott) W. Gams, 1975Herb I.M.I. (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesHypocrealesAcremonium persicinum (Nicot) W. Gams, 1971Herb I.M.I. (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesHypocrealesClonostachys rosea (Link) Schroers, Samuels, Seifert & W. Gams, 1999Also recorded as Gliocladium roseum Bainier, 1907APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Shivas 1989)noHypocrealesClonostachys rosea f. roseaHerb I.M.I. (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Herb I.M.I. 2016)noHypocrealesSarocladium kiliense (Grütz) Summerell, 2011Also recorded as Acremonium kiliense Grütz, 1925Herb I.M.I. (2016)Yes (MacNish 1986)Yes (MacNish 1986)noHypocrealesSarocladium strictum (W. Gams) Summerell, 2011Also recorded as Acremonium strictum W. Gams, 1971; Cephalosporium acremonium Corda, 1839Herb I.M.I. (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesHypocrealesTrichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link, 1809Also recorded as Cephalothecium roseum Corda, 1838Somani (2004)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHypocreales:HypocreaceaeAcrostalagmus luteoalbus (Link) Zare, W. Gams & Schroers, 2004Also recorded as Verticillium cinnabarinum (Corda) Reinke & Berthold, 1879; Verticillium lateritium (Ehrenb.) Rabenh., 1844; Verticillium tenerum Nees, 1817APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHypocreales:HypocreaceaeGliocladium Corda, 1840APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Not assessednoHypocreales:HypocreaceaeTrichoderma deliquescens (Sopp) Jaklitsch, 2011Also recorded as Gliocladium deliquescens Sopp, 1912APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHypocreales:HypocreaceaeTrichoderma harzianum Rifai, 1969Herb I.M.I. (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Herb I.M.I. 2016)noHypocreales:HypocreaceaeTrichoderma viride Pers., 1794Also recorded as Trichoderma lignorum (Tode) Harz, 1871Herb I.M.I. (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHypocreales:NectriaceaeAphanocladium W. Gams, 1971APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Not assessednoHypocreales:NectriaceaeAphanocladium album (Preuss) W. Gams, 1971Also recorded as Acremonium album Preuss, 1848Farr and Rossman (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesHypocreales:NectriaceaeCalonectria ilicicola Boedijn & Reitsma, 1950Also recorded as Cylindrocladium parasiticum Crous, M.J. Wingf. & Alfenas, 1993Crous (2002)Yes (Dann et al. 2010)Absent: no pest recordsyesHypocreales:NectriaceaeCalonectria morganii Crous, Alfenas & M.J. Wingf., 1993Also recorded as Cylindrocladium scoparium Morgan, 1892Crous (2002)Absent: pest records invalid/unreliable (Crous 2002; Lombard et al. 2010)Absent: pest records invalid/unreliablenoHypocreales:NectriaceaeCylindrocarpon Wollenw., 1913APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Not assessednoHypocreales:NectriaceaeCylindrocarpon destructans (Zinssm.) Scholten, 1964Also recorded as Cylindrocarpon radicicola Wollenw., 1928; Ilyonectria radicicola (Gerlach & L. Nilsson) Chaverri & C. Salgado, 2011; Neonectria radicicola (Gerlach & L. Nilsson) Mantiri & Samuels, 2001APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHypocreales:NectriaceaeCylindrocarpon obtusisporum (Cooke & Harkn.) Wollenw., 1916Also recorded as Fusarium obtusisporum Cooke & Harkn., 1884; Neonectria obtusispora (Cooke & Harkness) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous, 2014Cabral et al. (2012)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesHypocreales:NectriaceaeCylindrocladium clavatum Hodges & L.C. May, 1972Herb I.M.I. (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesHypocreales:NectriaceaeFusarium Link, 1809APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Not assessednoHypocreales:NectriaceaeFusarium anguioides Sherb., 1915Farr and Rossman (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no records foundyesHypocreales:NectriaceaeFusarium anthophilum (A. Braun) Wollenw., 1916APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no records foundyesHypocreales:NectriaceaeFusarium arthrosporioides Sherb.,1915(APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHypocreales:NectriaceaeFusarium chlamydosporum Wollenw. & Reinking, 1925Farr and Rossman (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHypocreales:NectriaceaeFusarium concolor Reinking, 1934Farr and Rossman (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHypocreales:NectriaceaeFusarium crookwellense L.W. Burgess, P.E. Nelson & Toussoun, 1982Also recorded as Fusarium cerealis (Cooke) Sacc., 1886APPD (2016); Farr and Rossman (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHypocreales:NectriaceaeFusarium culmorum (W.G. Sm.) Sacc., 1895APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHypocreales:NectriaceaeFusarium dimerum Penz., 1882APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHypocreales:NectriaceaeFusarium flocciferum Corda, 1831APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesHypocreales:NectriaceaeFusarium incarnatum (Desm.) Sacc., 1886Also recorded as Fusarium pallidoroseum (Cooke) Sacc., 1886; Fusarium semitectum Berk. & Ravenel, 1875Farr and Rossman (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHypocreales:NectriaceaeFusarium oxysporum Schltdl., 1824DAFF (2013); APPD (2016)Yes: only some formae speciales (Summerell et al. 2011b; APPD 2016)Yes: only some formae speciales (APPD 2016)noHypocreales:NectriaceaeFusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans (Wollenw.) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hansen, 1940Also recorded as Fusarium conglutinans Wollenw., 1913Farr and Rossman (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesHypocreales:NectriaceaeFusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hansen, 1940Farr and Rossman (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesHypocreales:NectriaceaeFusarium poae (Peck) Wollenw., 1913Farr and Rossman (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesHypocreales:NectriaceaeFusarium proliferatum (Matsush.) Nirenberg ex Gerlach & Nirenberg, 1982Merlington et al. (2014)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHypocreales:NectriaceaeFusarium redolens Wollenw., 1913Also recorded as Fusarium oxysporum var. redolens (Wollenw.) W.L. Gordon, 1952APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHypocreales:NectriaceaeFusarium sacchari (E.J. Butler) W. Gams, 1971Farr and Rossman (2016)Yes (Summerell et al. 2011b)Yes (WAC 2016c)noHypocreales:NectriaceaeFusarium sambucinum Fuckel, 1870 Gachango et al. (2012)Yes (Summerell et al. 2011b)Not assessednoHypocreales:NectriaceaeFusarium scirpi Lambotte & Fautrey, 1894Farr and Rossman (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHypocreales:NectriaceaeFusarium sporotrichioides Sherb., 1915Farr and Rossman (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHypocreales:NectriaceaeFusarium torulosum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Nirenberg, 1995Also recorded as Fusarium sambucinum Fuckel, 1870 (prior to 1995); Fusarium sambucinum var. coeruleum Wollenw., 1917Gachango et al. (2012)Yes (Summerell et al. 2011b)Yes (APPD 2016)noHypocreales:NectriaceaeFusicolla merismoides (Corda) Gr?fenhan, Seifert & Schroers, 2011Recorded as Fusarium merismoides Corda, 1838Farr and Rossman (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Sivasithamparam & Parker 1980; Sivasithamparam et al. 1987)noHypocreales:NectriaceaeGibberella acuminata Wollenw., 1935[ana. Fusarium acuminatum Ellis & Everh., 1895]DAFF (2013); (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHypocreales:NectriaceaeGibberella baccata (Wallr.) Sacc.,1878[ana.: Fusarium lateritium Nees, 1817]APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHypocreales:NectriaceaeGibberella intricans Wollenw., 1930[ana. Fusarium equiseti (Corda) Sacc., 1838]DAFF (2013)Yes (Summerell et al. 2011b)Yes (APPD 2016)noHypocreales:NectriaceaeGibberella moniliformis Wineland, 1924[ana. Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg, 1976]Also recorded as Fusarium moniliforme J. Sheld., 1904; Gibberella fujikuroi var. fujikuroi (Mating Population A)Farr and Rossman (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHypocreales:NectriaceaeGibberella pulicaris (Fr.) Sacc., 1877[ana. Fusarium sambucinum var. sambucinum 1870] Also recorded as Fusarium sulphureum Schltdl., 1824; Fusarium trichothecioides Wollenw., 1912DAFF (2013)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHypocreales:NectriaceaeGibberella subglutinans (E.T. Edwards) P.E. Nelson, Toussoun & Marasas, 1983 [ana. Fusarium subglutinans (Wollenw. & Reinking) P.E. Nelson, Toussoun & Marasas, 1983]APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHypocreales:NectriaceaeHaematonectria haematococca (Berk. & Broome) Samuels & Rossman, 1999 [ana. Fusarium solani (Martius) Appel & Wollenweber emend. Synder & Hansen, 2012 ‘species complex’]DAFF (2013)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noHypocreales:NectriaceaeThelonectria olida (Wollenw.) P. Chaverri & C. Salgado, 2011 Also recorded as Cylindrocarpon olidum (Wollenw.) Wollenw., 1916; Cylindrocarpon olidum var. olidumAPPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesMicroascales:MicroascaceaeCephalotrichum stemonitis (Pers.) Link, 1809Also recorded as Doratomyces stemonitis (Pers.) F.J. Morton & G. Sm., 1963Shivas (1989)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Shivas 1989)noMucorales:ChoanephoraceaeChoanephora cucurbitarum (Berk. & Ravenel) Thaxt., 1903Choanephora blightDAFF (2013)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesMucorales:MucoraceaeMucor racemosus f. racemosusAlso recorded as Mucor varians Povah, 1917APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noMucorales:MucoraceaeRhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Vuill., 1902Also recorded as Rhizopus nigricans Ehrenb., 1821; Rhizopus stolonifer var. stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Vuill., 1902APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noMucorales:MucoraceaeUmbelopsis versiformis Amos & H.L. Barnett, 1966APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesPeronosporales:PeronosporaceaePhytophthora citrophthora (R.E. Sm. & E.H. Sm.) Leonian, 1925Herb I.M.I. (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Herb I.M.I. 2016)noPeronosporales:PeronosporaceaePhytophthora cryptogea Pethybr. & Laff., 1919pink rotErwin and Ribeiro (1996)Yes (Herb I.M.I. 2016)Yes (Shivas 1989)noPeronosporales:PeronosporaceaePhytophthora drechsleri Tucker, 1931pink rotDAFF (2013)Yes (Herb I.M.I. 2016)Yes (Herb I.M.I. 2016)noPeronosporales:PeronosporaceaePhytophthora erythroseptica Pethybr., 1913pink rotDillard et al. (1993); Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa et al. (2010); Persley et al. (2010); DAFF (2013)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPeronosporales:PeronosporaceaePhytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, 1876Also recorded as Peronospora infestanslate blightEdwards et al. (2006)Yes: only some strains (Edwards et al. 2006)Absent: pest records invalid/unreliable (Edwards et al. 2006)yesPeronosporales:PeronosporaceaePhytophthora megasperma Drechsler, 1931pink rotDAFF (2013)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPeronosporales:PeronosporaceaePhytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan, 1896Also recorded as Phytophthora parasitica Dastur, 1913; Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae Tucker, 1931DAFF (2013)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Shivas 1989)noPhacidiales:PhacidiaceaePhacidium lauri (Sowerby) Crous & D. Hawksw., 2014Also recorded as Ceuthospora lauri Grev., 1826; Ceuthospora phacidioides Grev., 1827Herb I.M.I. (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Herb I.M.I. 2016)noPleosporalesAscochyta Lib., 1830APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Not assessednoPleosporalesPhoma Sacc., 1880APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Not assessednoPleosporalesPhoma chrysanthemicola Hollós, 1907APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Herb I.M.I. 2016)noPleosporalesPhoma destructiva Plowr., 1881Also recorded as Diplodina destructiva (Plowr.) Petr., 1921Obrero et al. (1968)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Shivas 1989)noPleosporalesPhoma eupyrena Sacc., 1879DAFF (2013)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPleosporalesPhoma glomerata (Corda) Wollenw. & Hochapfel, 1936Also recorded as Didymella glomerata (Corda) Q. Chen & L. Cai, 2015de Gruyter et al. (2012)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPleosporalesPhoma herbarum Westend., 1852APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPleosporales:DidymellaceaeBoeremia exigua var. exigua (Desm.) Aveskamp et al., 2010Also recorded as Phoma exigua Desm., 1849; Phoma exigua var. exiguagangreneChen et al. (2015)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (WAC 2016b)noPleosporales:DidymellaceaeBoeremia foveata (Foister) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley, 2010Also recorded as Phoma foveata Foister, 1940; Phoma exigua var. foveata (Foister) Boerema, 1967Chen et al. (2015)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: pest records unreliableyesPleosporalesDidymellaceaeBoeremia lycopersici (Cooke) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley, 2010Also recorded as Phoma lycopersici Cooke, 1885Farr and Rossman (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPleosporales:LeptosphaeriaceaeConiothyrium Corda, 1840APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Not assessednoPleosporales:LeptosphaeriaceaeConiothyrium olivaceum Bonord., 1869(Herb I.M.I. 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPleosporales:LeptosphaeriaceaeLeptosphaeria coniothyrium (Fuckel) Sacc., 1875Also recorded as Coniothyrium fuckelii Sacc., 1878Farr and Rossman (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPleosporales:LeptosphaeriaceaeParaconiothyrium minitans (W.A. Campb.) Verkley, 2004Also recorded as Coniothyrium minitans Sacc., 1878Farr and Rossman (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (McCredie & Sivasithamparam 1985)noPleosporales:MassarinaceaeHelminthosporium solani Durieu & Mont., 1848Also recorded as Helminthosporium atrovirens (Harz) E.W. Mason & S. Hughes, 1953silver scurfDillard et al. (1993); Errampalli et al. (2001); DAFF (2013)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Shivas 1989)noPleosporales:MicrosphaeropsidaceaeMicrosphaeropsis H?hn., 1917Shivas (1989)Yes (Shivas 1989)Yes (Shivas 1989)noPleosporales:PleosporaceaeAlternaria Nees, 1817APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Not assessednoPleosporales:PleosporaceaeAlternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl., 1912Also recorded as Alternaria tenuis Nees, 1822brown spot and black pitde Icochea (2001a)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPleosporales:PleosporaceaeAlternaria arborescens E.G. Simmons, 1999Also recorded as Alternaria alternata f.sp. lycopersici Grogan, Kimble & Misaghi, 1975Tymon et al. (2016a)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPleosporales:PleosporaceaeAlternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc., 1880Also recorded as Alternaria macrospora (Sacc.) Sawada, 1931; Polydesmus exitiosus (J.G. Kühn) J.G. Kühn, 1858Farr and Rossman (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPleosporales:PleosporaceaeAlternaria crassa (Sacc.) Rands, 1917 Also recorded as Cercospora crassa Sacc., 1877; Cercospora crassa var. solani-nigri C. Massal., 1900Farr and Rossman (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesPleosporales:PleosporaceaeAlternaria longipes (Ellis & Everh.) E.W. Mason, 1928Also recorded as Macrosporium longipes Ellis & Everh., 1892Shoaib et al. (2014)Yes (Simmonds 1966)Yes (D Beasley 2015, pers. comm. 22 Oct.)noPleosporales:PleosporaceaeAlternaria protenta E.G. Simmons, 1986Also recorded as Alternaria pulcherrimae T.Y. Zhang & J.C. David, 1996; Alternaria hordeiseminis E.G. Simmons & G.F. Laundon, 2007Woudenberg et al. (2014)Yes (Woudenberg et al. 2014)Absent: no pest recordsyesPleosporales:PleosporaceaeAlternaria radicina Meier, Drechsler & E.D. Eddy, 1922Also recorded as Stemphylium radicinum (Meier, Drechsler & E.D. Eddy) Neerg., 1937CABI (2016a)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Shivas 1989)noPleosporales:PleosporaceaeAlternaria solani Sorauer, 1896Also recorded as Alternaria porri f.sp. solani (Ellis & G. Martin) Neerg., 1945; Macrosporium solani Ellis & G. Martin, 1882early blightFranc and Christ (2001); DAFF (2013); Woudenberg et al. (2014)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPleosporales:PleosporaceaeAlternaria tenuissima (Nees) Wiltshire, 1933Tymon et al. (2016b)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPleosporales:PleosporaceaeCochliobolus australiensis (Tsuda & Ueyama) Alcorn, 1983Also recorded as Curvularia australiensis (Tsuda & Ueyama) Manamgoda, L. Cai & K.D. Hyde, 2012; Curvularia tsudae (Tsuda & Ueyama) H. Deng, Y.P. Tan & R. G. Shivas, 2014; Drechslera australiensis Bugnic. ex M.B. Ellis, 1971; Pseudocochliobolus australiensis Tsuda & Ueyama, 1981Herb I.M.I. (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPleosporales:PleosporaceaeCochliobolus geniculatus R.R. Nelson, 1964Also recorded as Curvularia geniculata (Tracy & Earle) Boedijn, 1933Herb I.M.I. (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Shivas 1989)noPleosporales:PleosporaceaeCochliobolus hawaiiensis Alcorn, 1978Also recorded as Bipolaris hawaiiensis (M.B. Ellis) J.Y. Uchida & Aragaki, 1979; Curvularia hawaiiensis (Bugnic. Ex M.B. Ellis) Manamgoda, L. Cai & K.D. Hyde, in Manamgoda, Cai, McKenzie, Crous, Madrid, Chukeatirote, Shivas, Tan & Hyde, 2012; Drechslera hawaiiensis Bugnic. ex M.B. Ellis, 1971Herb I.M.I. (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPleosporales:PleosporaceaeCochliobolus lunatus R.R. Nelson & Haasis, 1964Also recorded as Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, 1933; Pseudocochliobolus lunatus (R.R. Nelson & F.A. Haasis) Tsuda, Ueyama & Nishih., 1978Herb I.M.I. (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPleosporales:PleosporaceaeCurvularia uncinata Bugnic., 1950APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesPleosporales:PleosporaceaeEpicoccum huancayense (Turkensteen) Q. Chen & L. Cai, 2015Also recorded as Phoma huancayensis Turkenst., 1978de Gruyter et al. (2012)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesPleosporales:PleosporaceaeEpicoccum nigrum Link, 1816Also recorded as Epicoccum purpurascens Ehrenb., 1818Herb I.M.I. (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPleosporales:PleosporaceaeLeptosphaerulina trifolii (Rostr.) Petr., 1959Also recorded as Pseudoplea trifolii (O. Rostr.) Petr., 1921; Sphaerulina trifolii Rostr., 1889Herb I.M.I. (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPleosporales:PleosporaceaePleospora herbarum (Pers.) Rabenh., 1854Also recorded as Stemphylium herbarum E.G. Simmons, 1986DAFF (2013)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPleosporales:PleosporaceaeStemphylium solani G.F. Weber, 1930Herb I.M.I. (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Shivas 1989)noPleosporales:PleosporaceaeUlocladium atrum Preuss, 1852Also recorded as Stemphylium atrum (Preuss) Sacc., 1856Ulocladium blightDAFF (2013)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPythiales:PythiaceaeGlobisporangium splendens (Hans Braun) Uzuhashi, Tojo & Kakish., 2010Also recorded as Pythium splendens Hans Braun, 1925; Pythium splendens var. hawaianum Sideris, 1932 (orthographic variant); Pythium splendens var. hawaiianum Sideris, 1932Herb I.M.I. (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPythiales:PythiaceaeGlobisporangium ultimum (Trow) Uzuhashi, Tojo & Kakish., 2010Also recorded as Pythium ultimum Trow, 1901; Pythium ultimum var. ultimum Trow, 1901leakSalas and Secor (2001); DAFF (2013)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPythiales:PythiaceaePhytopythium vexans (de Bary) Abad, de Cock, Bala, Robideau, Lodhi & Lévesque, 2014Also recorded as Pythium vexans de Bary, 1876CABI (1984)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (Shivas 1989)noPythiales:PythiaceaePythium Pringsh., 1858Cook and Dubé (1989)Yes (Cook & Dubé 1989)Not assessednoPythiales:PythiaceaePythium acanthicum Drechsler, 1930Herb I.M.I. (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPythiales:PythiaceaePythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp., 1923DAFF (2013)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPythiales:PythiaceaePythium debaryanum R. Hesse, 1974Also recorded as Globisporangium debaryanum (R. Hesse) Uzuhashi, Tojo & Kakish., 2010DAFF (2013)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPythiales:PythiaceaePythium deliense Meurs, 1934Also recorded as Pythium indicum M.S. Balakr., 1948DAFF (2013)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesPythiales:PythiaceaePythium irregulare Buisman, 1927Also recorded as Pythium fabae G.M. Cheney, 1932Herb I.M.I. (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noPythiales:PythiogetonaceaePythiogeton ramosum Minden, 1916soft rot disease of gingerLe et al. (2014)Yes (Le et al. 2014)Absent: no pest recordsyesSaccharomycetales:DipodascaceaeGeotrichum candidum Link, 1809APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noSordariales:ChaetomiaceaeChaetomium Kunze, 1817APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Not assessednoSordariales:ChaetomiaceaeChaetomium globosum Kunze ex Fr., 1829Also recorded as Chaetomium cochlioides Palliser, 1910; Chaetomium olivaceum Cooke & Ellis, 1878APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noSordariales:ChaetomiaceaeChaetomium trilaterale Chivers, 1912Cook (1954)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesSordariales:ChaetomiaceaeThielavia Zopf, 1876APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Assessment not requirednoSordariales:ChaetomiaceaeThielavia basicola Zopf, 1876Herb I.M.I. (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesSordariales:ChaetomiaceaeTrichocladium asperum Harz, 1871APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesSpizellomycetales:OlpidiaceaeOlpidium brassicae (Woronin) P.A. Dang., 1886APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noTrichosphaerialesKhuskia oryzae H.J. Huds., 1963Also recorded as Nigrospora oryzae (Berk. & Broome) Petch, 1924; Nigrospora sphaerica (Sacc.) E.W. Mason, 1927Herb I.M.I. (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noUstilaginales:UstilaginaceaePolyscytalum pustulans (M.N. Owen & Wakef.) M.B. Ellis, 1919skin spotDAFF (2013)Absent: pest records invalid/unreliableAbsent: no pest recordsnoXylarialesMonographella cucumerina (Lindf.) Arx, 1984Also recorded as Fusarium tabacinum (J.F.H. Beyma) W. Gams, 1968; Microdochium tabacinum (J.F.H. Beyma) Arx, 1984; Plectosphaerella cucumerina (Lindf.) W. Gams, 1968; Plectosporium tabacinum (J.F.H. Beyma) M.E. Palm, W. Gams & Nirenberg, 1995APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesXylariales:AmphisphaeriaceaePestalotiopsis Steyaert, 1949Shivas (1989)Yes (Shivas 1989)Yes (Shivas 1989)noXylariales:AmphisphaeriaceaePestalotiopsis oxyanthi (Thüm.) Steyaert, 1949APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Absent: no pest recordsyesXylariales:AmphisphaeriaceaePestalotiopsis steyaertii Mordue, 1985 Also recorded as Neopestalotiopsis steyaertii (Mordue) Maharachch., K.D. Hyde & Crous, 2014Mordue (1985)Yes (Mordue 1985)Yes (Mordue 1985)noXylariales:XylariaceaeRosellinia De Not., 1844APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Not assessednoXylariales:XylariaceaeRosellinia necatrix Berl. ex Prill., 1904Milo?evi? (2004)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noNEMATODESAphelenchida:AphelenchidaeAphelenchus (Aphelenchus) avenae Bastian, 1865ABRS (2009)Yes (ABRS 2009)Yes (ABRS 2009)noAphelenchida:AphelenchoididaeAphelenchoides composticola Franklin, 1957APPD (2016)Yes (Nobbs 2005)Yes (Nobbs 2005)noDorylaimida:LongidoridaeParalongidorus Siddiqi, Hooper & Khan, 1963Nobbs (2005)Yes (Nobbs 2005)Not assessednoDorylaimida:LongidoridaeParalongidorus sacchari Siddiqi, Hooper & Khan, 1963Nobbs (2005)Yes (Nobbs 2005)Absent: no pest recordsyesMononchida:MononchidaeClarkus Jairajpuri, 1970APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Not assessedyesRhabditida:CephalobidaeCephalobus Bastian, 1863APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Not assessedyesRhabditida:RhabditidaeMesorhabditis Osche, 1952Also recorded as Rhabditis Dujardin, 1845APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Not assessedyesTriplonchida:TrichodoridaeParatrichodorus minor Colbran, 1956Also recorded as Trichodorus minor Colbran, 1956DAFF (2013)Yes (Nobbs 2005)Yes (Nobbs 2005)noTriplonchida:TrichodoridaeParatrichodorus mirzai Siddiqi, 1960Also recorded as Trichodorus mirzai Siddiqi, 1960APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Not assessedyesTriplonchida:TrichodoridaeTrichodorus Cobb, 1913Cook and Dubé (1989)Yes (Cook & Dubé 1989)Not assessedyesTylenchida:AnguinidaeDitylenchus destructor Thorne, 1945DAFF (2013)Absent: pest records invalid/unreliable Absent: no pest recordsnoTylenchida:AnguinidaeDitylenchus dipsaci (Kühn 1857) Filip'ev, 1936DAFF (2013)Yes (ABRS 2009)Absent: pest records invalid/unreliableyesTylenchida:HeteroderidaeGlobodera rostochiensis Wollenweber, 1923Also recorded as Heterodera rostochiensis Wollenweber, 1923DAFF (2013)Yes (APDD 2016)Absent: eradicated (Collins et al. 2010)yesTylenchida:HeteroderidaeHeterodera trifolii Goffart, 1932Nobbs (2005)Yes (Nobbs 2005)Yes (Nobbs 2005)noTylenchida:HoplolaimidaeHelicotylenchus dihystera (Cobb, 1893) Sher, 1961ABRS (2009)Yes (APDD 2016)Yes (APDD 2016)noTylenchida:HoplolaimidaeHelicotylenchus multicinctus (Cobb, 1893) Golden, 1956APPD (2016)Yes (Nobbs 2005)Yes (Nobbs 2005)noTylenchida:HoplolaimidaeRotylenchus (Rotylenchus) colbrani Brzeski & Choi, 1998Also recorded as Rotylenchus brevicaudatus Colbran, 1962Nobbs (2005)Yes (Nobbs 2005)Yes (Nobbs 2005)noTylenchida:HoplolaimidaeRotylenchus (Rotylenchus) buxophilus Golden, 1956Also recorded as Rotylenchus sheri Jairajpuri, M.S., 1964Nobbs (2005)Yes (Nobbs 2005)Absent: no pest recordsyesTylenchida:HoplolaimidaeScutellonema brachyurum (Steiner, 1938) Andrassy, 1958Nobbs (2005)Yes (Nobbs 2005)Yes (Nobbs 2005)noTylenchida:MeloidogynidaeMeloidogyne Goldi, 1877APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Not assessednoTylenchida:MeloidogynidaeMeloidogyne arenaria (Neal, 1889) Chitwood, 1949DAFF (2013)Yes (Nobbs 2005)Yes (Nobbs 2005)noTylenchida:MeloidogynidaeMeloidogyne exigua Goeldi, 1892Also recorded as Heterodera exigua Goeldi, 1892Nobbs (2005)Absent: pest records invalid/unreliableAbsent: no pest recordsnoTylenchida:MeloidogynidaeMeloidogyne fallax Karssen, 1996DAFF (2013)Yes (Nobbs et al. 2001)Yes (Wilkinson et al. 2015)noTylenchida:MeloidogynidaeMeloidogyne hapla Chitwood, 1949DAFF (2013)Yes (Nobbs 2005)Yes (Nobbs 2005)noTylenchida:MeloidogynidaeMeloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949Also recorded as Meloidogyne acrita Chitwood, 1949; Meloidogyne incognita acrita Chitwood, 1949DAFF (2013)Yes (Nobbs 2005)Yes (Nobbs 2005)noTylenchida:MeloidogynidaeMeloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949Also recorded as Heterodera javanica Treub, 1885; Meloidogyne javanica javanicaDAFF (2013)Yes (Nobbs 2005)Yes (Nobbs 2005)noTylenchida:PratylenchidaePratylenchus Thorne, 1949Nobbs (2005)Yes (APPD 2016)Not assessednoTylenchida:PratylenchidaePratylenchus brachyurus (Godfrey, 1929) Filip'jev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941Also recorded as Tylenchus brachyurus Godfrey, 1929DAFF (2013)Yes (Nobbs 2005)Yes (Riley & Kelly 2002)noTylenchida:PratylenchidaePratylenchus coffeae (Zimmerman, 1898) Filip'jev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941Also recorded as Tylenchus coffeae Zimmerman, 1898DAFF (2013)Yes (Nobbs 2005)Yes (Nobbs 2005)noTylenchida:PratylenchidaePratylenchus crenatus Loof, 1960DAFF (2013)Yes (Harding & Wicks 2007)Yes (Nobbs 2005)noTylenchida:PratylenchidaePratylenchus goodeyi Sher & Allen, 1953Jacobsen et al. (2009)Yes (Nobbs 2005)Absent: no pest recordsyesTylenchida:PratylenchidaePratylenchus jordanensis Hashim, 1983Nobbs (2005)Yes (Nobbs 2005)Absent: no pest recordsyesTylenchida:PratylenchidaePratylenchus loosi Loof, 1960Akgul et al. (2010)Yes (Nobbs 2005)Absent: no pest recordsyesTylenchida:PratylenchidaePratylenchus neglectus (Rensch, 1924) Filip'jev & Schuurmanns Stekhoven, 1941Also recorded as Aphelenchus neglectus Rensch, 1924DAFF (2013)Yes (Harding & Wicks 2007)Yes (Riley & Kelly 2002)noTylenchida:PratylenchidaePratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filip'jev & Schuurmanns Stekhoven, 1941Also recorded as Paratylenchus penetras Cobb, 1917 (misspelling); Tylenchus penetrans Cobb, 1917DAFF (2013)Yes (Harding & Wicks 2007)Yes (Riley & Kelly 2002)noTylenchida:PratylenchidaePratylenchus pratensis (de Man, 1880) Filip'jev, 1936Also recorded as Tylenchus pratensis de Man, 1880Gill and Krishnananda (1977)Yes (Nobbs 2005)Absent: no pest recordsyesTylenchida:PratylenchidaePratylenchus scribneri Steiner in Sherbakoff & Stanley, 1943DAFF (2013)Absent: pest records invalid/unreliableAbsent: pest records invalid/unreliablenoTylenchida:PratylenchidaePratylenchus thornei Sher and Allen, 1953DAFF (2013)Yes (Nobbs 2005)Yes (Riley & Kelly 2002)noTylenchida:PratylenchidaePratylenchus vulnus Allen & Jensen, 1951DAFF (2013)Yes (Nobbs 2005)Yes (Nobbs 2005)noTylenchida:PratylenchidaePratylenchus zeae Graham, 1951DAFF (2013)Yes (Nobbs 2005)Yes (Riley & Kelly 2002)noTylenchida:RotylenchulidaeRotylenchulus parvus Williams, 1960Nobbs (2005)Yes (Nobbs 2005)Absent: no pest recordsyesTylenchida:RotylenchulidaeRotylenchulus reniformis Linford & Oliveira, 1940DAFF (2013)Yes (Nobbs 2005)Yes (Nobbs 2005)noTylenchida:TelotylenchidaeMerlinius Siddiqi, 1970APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Not assessednoTylenchida:TelotylenchidaeMerlinius brevidens (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1970Also recorded as Tylenchorhynchus brevidens Allen, 1955; Geocenamus brevidens Brzeski 1991APPD (2016)Yes (Nobbs 2005)Yes (Nobbs 2005)noTylenchida:TelotylenchidaeQuinisulcius Siddiqi, 1973APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Not assessednoTylenchida:TelotylenchidaeQuinisulcius capitatus Allen, 1955 Also recorded as Tylenchorhynchus capitatus Allen, 1955; T.?acti Hopper, 1971)Nobbs (2005)Yes (Nobbs 2005)Yes (M Hodda 2002, pers. comm. 27 May)noTylenchida:TelotylenchidaeTylenchorhynchus claytoni Steiner, 1937DAFF (2013)Yes (Nobbs 2005)Absent: no pest recordsyesTylenchida:TylenchidaeTylenchus Bastian, 1865APPD (2016)Yes (APPD 2016)Not assessedyesPROTOZOAPhysarales: PhysaraceaeFuligo cinerea (Schwein.) Morgan, 1896Herb I.M.I. (2016)Yes (Herb I.M.I. 2016)Yes (AVH 2016)noPlasmodiophorales: PlasmodiophoraceaeSpongospora subterranea (Wallr.) Lagerh., 1892Also recorded as Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea J.A. Toml., 1892Dillard et al. (1993); DAFF (2013)Yes (APPD 2016)Yes (APPD 2016)noVIRUSES AND VIROIDSMononegavirales:RhabdoviridaeNucleorhabdovirus Eggplant mottled dwarf virus (EMDV)Jones (2014)Yes (Tang et al. 2015)Absent: no pest recordsyesPicornavirales:SecoviridaeCheravirus Cherry rasp leaf virus (CRLV)Jones (2014)Absent: pest records unreliable (IPPC 2016)Absent: pest records unreliable (IPPC 2016)noPicornavirales:SecoviridaeNepovirus Lucerne Australian latent virus (LALV)Also recorded as Lucerne latent virusBüchen-Osmond et al. (1988)Yes (Büchen-Osmond et al. 1988)Absent: no pest recordsyesTymovirales:AlphaflexiviridaePotexvirus Potato aucuba mosaic virus (PAMV)Also recorded as Potato virus FDAFF (2013)Yes (Büchen-Osmond et al. 1988)Absent: no pest recordsyesTymovirales:AlphaflexiviridaePotexvirus Potato virus X (PVX) strain groups 1 and 3Also recorded as Potato latent virus; Potato mild mosaic virusDAFF (2013)Yes (Nyalugwe et al. 2012)Yes (Wilson & Jones 1995)noTymovirales:BetaflexiviridaeCarlavirus Potato virus M (PVM)Also recorded as Potato leaf rolling mosaic virus; Potato paracrinkle virusDAFF (2013)Yes (Büchen-Osmond et al. 1988)Absent: no pest recordsyesTymovirales:BetaflexiviridaeCarlavirus Potato virus S (PVS) DAFF (2013)Yes (Büchen-Osmond et al. 1988)Yes (Büchen-Osmond et al. 1988)noUnassignedSobemovirus Sowbane mosaic virus (SbMV)Also recorded as Apple latent virus 2; Chenopodium mosaic virus; Chenopodium star mottle virusDAFF (2013)Yes (Büchen-Osmond et al. 1988)Absent: no pest recordsyesUnassigned:BromoviridaeAlfamovirus Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) calico strainAlso recorded as Lucerne mosaic virusDAFF (2013)Yes (Büchen-Osmond et al. 1988)Yes (Wilson & Jones 1990)noUnassigned:BromoviridaeCucumovirus Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)DAFF (2013)Yes (Büchen-Osmond et al. 1988)Yes (Büchen-Osmond et al. 1988)noUnassigned:BunyaviridaeTospovirus Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)DAFF (2013)Yes (Büchen-Osmond et al. 1988)Yes (McLean & Price 1984)noUnassigned:LuteoviridaePolerovirus Beet western yellows virus (BWYV)Also recorded as Luteovirus beet western yellows; Turnip mild yellows virus; Turnip yellows virus (TuYV)Duffus and Johnstone (1982)Yes (Büchen-Osmond et al. 1988)Yes (Büchen-Osmond et al. 1988)noUnassigned:LuteoviridaePolerovirus Potato leafroll virus (PLRV)Also recorded as Luteovirus potato leafrollDAFF (2013)Yes (Büchen-Osmond et al. 1988)Yes (Büchen-Osmond et al. 1988)noUnassigned:PospiviroidaePospiviroid Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd)Also recorded as Pospiviroid Potato spindle tuber 'virus'; Tomato bunchy top virusDAFF (2013)Yes: only in some areas of Australia (IPPC 2015)Yes: only in some areas (IPPC 2015)yesUnassigned:PotyviridaePotyvirus Potato virus A (PVA)Also recorded as Potato mild mosaic virus; Tamarillo mosaic virus (TamMV)DAFF (2013)Yes (Büchen-Osmond et al. 1988)Absent: records unreliable (Büchen-Osmond et al. 1988)yesUnassigned:PotyviridaePotyvirus Potato virus Y (PVY) Jones (2014); Kehoe and Jones (2016)Yes: some strains/groups only (Coutts & Jones 2015; Kehoe & Jones 2016)Yes: some strains only (Kehoe & Jones 2011; Kehoe & Jones 2016)yesUnassigned:TombusviridaeTobamovirus Tobacco necrosis virus (TNV) Also recorded as Necrovirus Tobacco necrosis virus (TNV)DAFF (2013)Yes (Büchen-Osmond et al. 1988)Absent: no pest recordsyesUnassigned:VirgaviridaeTobamovirus Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)DAFF (2013)Yes: some strains only (Büchen-Osmond et al. 1988)Yes: some strains only (Büchen-Osmond et al. 1988)noUnassigned:VirgaviridaeTobamovirus Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV)DAFF (2013)Yes (Büchen-Osmond et al. 1988)Yes (Büchen-Osmond et al. 1988)noTable SEQ Table \* ARABIC 6: Pathway association and potential for establishment, spread and economic consequences (pathogens)OrganismPathway associationPotential for establishment and spreadPotential economic consequencePathway associated quarantine pestBACTERIA AND PHYTOPLASMASArthrobacter Conn and Dimmick, 1947[Actinomycetales: Micrococcaceae]Yes: Isolated from potato tubers and roots (Ramírez-Bahena et al. 2014).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).No: Arthrobacter species can promote plant growth (Sessitsch et al. 2004) or show antimicrobial activity against some potato diseases (Ramírez-Bahena et al. 2014)noCytophaga Winogradsky, 1929[Cytophagales: Cytophagaceae]Yes: Reported in association with soft rot of tubers (Sampson & Walker 1982b).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).No: Cytophaga species have potential as a biocontrol agents and predatory bacteria (Sessitsch et al. 2004; Gumbo et al. 2008; Velicer & Mendes-Soares 2009). No evidence of association with plant disease could be found.noDickeya zeae Samson et al., 2005[Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae]Yes: Associated with bacterial soft rot affecting tubers (Powelson & Franc 2001).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Diseases caused by Dickeya?sp. in potato and other crops affect the growing plant and cause post-harvest decay (Czajkowski et al. 2015).yesPseudomonas marginalis pv. marginalis (Brown 1918) Stevens, 1925[Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae]Yes: Reported in association with bacterial soft rot of tubers (Li et al. 2007).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Causes soft rot of root vegetable crops, bacterial head rot of brassica crops and marginal leaf blight and soft rot of lettuce (Koike et al. 2007; Persley et al. 2010).yesRalstonia solanacearum (Smith 1896) Yabuuchi et al., 1996[Burkholderiales: Burkholderiaceae]Yes: Ralstonia solanacearum is commonly tuber-borne (Allen et al. 2001).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: One of the most destructive potato diseases, limiting production of the crop in parts of Asia, Africa, and South and Central America (Allen et al. 2001).yesXanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Doidge 1920) Dye, 1978[Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae]No: Although Hayward and Waterston (1964) lists Solanum tuberosum as one of many hosts, no evidence could be found to associate this bacterium with potato tubers.Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoFUNGI AND CHROMISTAAcremonium alternatum Link, 1809[Hypoceales]No: One report of A.?alternatum associated with Solanum tuberosum was found (Farr & Rossman 2016). No evidence could be found to associate this pathogen with potato tubers.Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoAcremonium cereale (P. Karst.) W. Gams, 1971[Hypocreales]Yes: A single record of G.?cerealis (syn.) was found from a potato tuber (APPD 2016). It has also been reported from a decaying tuber and a wound potato (Dickinson 1968), and rhizoplane and rhizosphere soil (Lenc et al. 2016).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).No: Economically the genus Gliomastix (syn.) is not especially important though the ability of most species to decompose cellulose has been noted (Dickinson 1968).noAcremonium implicatum (J.C. Gilman & E.V. Abbott) W. Gams, 1975[Hypoceales]No: Isolated from leaves of Solanum tuberosum (Herb I.M.I. 2016). No evidence could be found to associate this pathogen with potato tubers.Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoAcremonium persicinum (Nicot) W. Gams, 1971[Hypoceales]No: Only a few reports of A.?persicinum associated with Solanum tuberosum was found (Farr & Rossman 2016). No evidence could be found to associate this pathogen with potato tubers.Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoAlternaria crassa (Sacc.) Rands, 1917[Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae]No: Mainly reported on Datura spp. in Australia (APPD 2016) and once on Citrus aurantiacum in South Australia (Herb I.M.I. 2016). No evidence could be found to associate this pathogen with potato tubers.Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoAlternaria protenta E.G. Simmons, 1986[Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae]Yes: Alternaria protenta causes early blight along with A.?solani and has been reported from a potato tuber (Woudenberg et al. 2014).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Alternaria protenta is one of a number of pathogens that cause early blight, which can cause up to 20% yield loss (Franc & Christ 2001).yesAphanocladium W. Gams, 1971[Hypocreales: Nectriaceae]No: A single record of Aphanocladium has been detected on the stolon end of a potato tuber (APPD 2016). However, no evidence could be found to associate this pathogen with disease of potato tubers.Assessment not required.Assessment not required.noAphanocladium album (Preuss) W. Gams, 1971[Hypocreales: Nectriaceae]No: No evidence could be found to associate this pathogen with disease of potato tubers.Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoBoeremia foveata (Foister) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley, 2010[Pleosporales: Didymellaceae]Yes: Boeremia foveata causes gangrene of tubers (Copeland 2001).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Lesions on tubers range from small depressions on the tuber skin to large irregular shaped, sharp-edged lesions. Tuber symptoms caused by B.?foveata are common in northern Europe and parts of Australia (Copeland 2001).yesCalonectria ilicicola Boedijn & Reitsma, 1950[Hypocreales: Nectriaceae]Yes: Reported in association with potato (Crous 2002); however, no evidence could be found to associate this pathogen with disease of potato tubers.Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoChaetomium trilaterale Chivers, 1912[Sordariales: Chaetomiaceae]No: Only reported from Durio zibethinus in Queensland (APPD 2016). Reported to cause leaf lesions on potato (Cook 1954).Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoChoanephora cucurbitarum (Berk. & Ravenel) Thaxt., 1903[Mucorales: Choanephoraceae]No: Reported to infect leaves, petioles and stems (Allen et al. 2001).Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoColletotrichum dematium (Pers.) Grove, 1918[Glomerellales: Glomerellaceae]No: The only verified record of C.?dematium on potato is from stem material (Damm et al. 2009; Herb I.M.I. 2016).Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoCurvularia uncinata Bugnic., 1950[Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae]No: A single record in association with potato leaves (APPD 2016). No evidence could be found to associate this pathogen with potato tubers.Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoCylindrocarpon obtusisporum (Cooke & Harkn.) Wollenw., 1916[Hypocreales: Nectriaceae]Yes: There is a report of C.?obtusisporum on potato tuber in Germany (Cabral et al. 2012).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Cylindrocarpon obtusisporum has been reported to cause Black-Foot disease of grapevine (Scheck et al. 1998) and as a root pathogen of alfalfa and sweet clover (Cormack 1937).yesCylindrocladium clavatum Hodges & L.C. May, 1972[Hypocreales: Nectriaceae]Yes: Causal agent of brown-eye; a late season and storage disease of potato tubers (Lopes et al. 1983a).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Causes rot of potato tubers and roots of other economic crops such as peas, peanuts, eucalyptus, pine, soybeans (Bolkan et al. 1981; Lopes et al. 1983b; Dianese et al. 1986).yesEpicoccum huancayense (Turkensteen) Q. Chen & L. Cai, 2015[Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae]No: Generally associated with dead leaves of various plants (de Gruyter et al. 1998). Isolated from a stem of Solanum sp. in Peru (Chen et al. 2015) and only one report on barrel medic seed in Victoria (APPD 2016).Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoErysiphe orontii Castagne, 1851[Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae]No: Australian records of E.?orontii on potato are from leaf and stem tissue (Cunnington et al. 2005; APPD 2016). No evidence could be found to associate this pathogen with potato tubers.Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoEupenicillium senticosum D.B. Scott, 1968[Eurotiales: Trichocomaceae]No: A single record of P.?senticosum was found from a potato plant in NSW (APPD 2016). No evidence could be found to associate this pathogen with potato tubers.Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoFusarium anguioides Sherb., 1915[Hypocreales: Nectriaceae]No: A single record of F.?anguioides was found in Queensland on Xanthorrhoea (APPD 2016). Only one report from 1915 was found for association with potato tubers (Sherbakoff 1915).Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoFusarium anthophilum (A. Braun) Wollenw., 1916[Hypocreales: Nectriaceae]Yes: Isolated from potato tuber and stem (APPD 2016).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).No: It is not considered to be pathogenic to plants or to pose a mycotoxigenic risk (Summerell et al. 2011b).noFusarium flocciferum Corda, 1831[Hypocreales: Nectriaceae]Yes: It can cause potato dry rot (Niu et al. 2011) and is associated with black rot (Summerell et al. 2011b). Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Fusarium species cause potato dry rot and wilt which lead to potato yield and quality loss (Secor & Salas 2001).yesFusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans (Wollenw.) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hansen, 1940 [Hypocreales: Nectriaceae]No: There is only one report of this pathogen on cabbage in Queensland and there have been no additional reports in the last 40 years (Summerell et al. 2011b).Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoFusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hansen, 1940[Hypocreales: Nectriaceae]Yes: Reported as causing tuber rot in potato (Whiteside 1966).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Fusarium species cause potato dry rot and wilt which lead to potato yield and quality loss (Secor & Salas 2001). Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum also causes wilt in cotton (Crutcher et al. 2016) and other crops.yesFusarium poae (Peck) Wollenw., 1913[Hypocreales: Nectriaceae]Yes: Reported as causing potato dry rot (L?iveke 2006).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Fusarium species cause potato dry rot and wilt which lead to potato yield and quality loss (Secor & Salas 2001). Fusarium poae also causes root rot in cereals and barley (L?iveke 2006) and head blight in cereals (Summerell et al. 2011b).yesHelicobasidium purpureum (Tul.) Pat., 1885[Helicobasidiales: Helicobasidiaceae]Yes: Helicobasidium purpureum can develop on potato tubers (Garrett 1946).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Causes violet root rot of a wide range of vegetable crops. It is an important disease of carrot; affected roots are unsightly and can have an unpleasant flavour (Hering 1962; Koike et al. 2007).yesMonographella cucumerina (Lindf.) Arx, 1984[Ustilaginales: Ustilaginaceae]Yes: Plectosphaerella cucumerina (synonym) has been reported in potato tubers (Treikale et al. 2015).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Causes Microdochium blight cucurbits (Zitter et al. 1996).yesPassalora concors (Casp.) U. Braun & Crous, 2003[Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae]No: Mycovellosiella concors (syn.) causes leaf blotch of potatoes (Allen et al. 2001).Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoPestalotiopsis oxyanthi (Thüm.) Steyaert, 1949[Xylariales: Amphisphaeriaceae]No: A single record of P.?oxyanthi isolated from a potato plant in NSW was found (APPD 2016). No evidence could be found to associate this pathogen with potato tubers. Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoPhacidiopycnis tuberivora (Güssow & W.R. Foster) B. Sutton, 1980 [Helotiales: Bulgariaceae]Yes: Causes a dry, corky stem-end rot of tubers (Foster & MacLeod 1932).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Reported to infect potato, Medicago sativa, hop, Hoya spp. and Olearia traversii (Sutton 1980; Gent et al. 2013). It causes dry, corky stem-end rot of tubers (Foster & MacLeod 1932). Immature tubers can be completely mummified (Foster & MacLeod 1932 cited in DAFF 2013 p. 44). In hops it cause red crown rot and yield losses have been reported to be higher than 20% in Oregon (Gent et al. 2009).yesPhytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, 1876[Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae]Yes: Can infect all parts of the potato (Fry et al. 2001).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Causes late blight which is probably the most important potato disease worldwide and responsible for the Irish potato famine of the late 1840s (Fry et al. 2001).yesPythiogeton ramosum Minden, 1916[Pythiales: Pythiogetonaceae]Yes: Reported to cause soft rot of potato tubers (Le et al. 2014). Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Causes tuber decay, soft and brown in colour and it is also pathogenic on several other economic crops such as, carrot, sweet potato, bean, capsicum and cauliflowers(Le et al. 2014). Pathogen of ginger at high temperatures (Le et al. 2015){Le, 2014 #1116;, #763}. yesPythium deliense Meurs, 1934[Pythiales: Pythiaceae]Yes: Causal agent of watery wound rot or shell rot on potato tubers (Salas & Secor 2001).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Significant postharvest losses to watery wound rot or shell rot have been reported in warm conditions (Salas & Secor 2001). Pythium deliense has also been reported to cause damping-off of tomato seedlings, stem-burn of tobacco and fruit rot of okra (Waterhouse & Waterston 1966). yesSarocladium strictum (W. Gams) Summerell, 2011[Hypocreales]Yes: Sarocladium strictum has been isolated from potato roots (Lenc et al. 2016) and tubers (Cwalina-Ambroziak et al. 2015).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Sarocladium strictum (as Cephalosporium acremonium) causes black bundle disease of corn. Infected plants may be unproductive, have excessive tiller or may produce multiple ears per (White 1999). Acremonium strictum (syn.) has also been identified as a human pathogen in immunosuppressed individuals, causing localised, disseminated and invasive infections (Sharma et al. 2013).yesStachylidium bicolor Link, 1809[Ascomycota]No: Reported in association with potato roots (APPD 2016).Generally reported from dead stems and twigs (Ellis 1971).Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoThelonectria olida (Wollenw.) P. Chaverri & C. Salgado, 2011[Hypocreales: Nectriaceae]Yes: Cylindrocarpon olidum (syn.) was isolated from potato tuber polygonal blemishes (Fiers et al. 2010; Gashgari & Gherbawy 2013).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).No: One occurrence isolated from atypical skin blemishes of potato tubers (Fiers et al. 2010). No evidence of significant economic consequences has been found on other crops.noThielavia basicola Zopf, 1876[Sordariales: Chaetomiaceae]No: A single record of T.?basicola isolated from a potato stem rot in NSW was found (APPD 2016). No evidence could be found to associate this pathogen with potato tubers.Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoTrichocladium asperum Harz, 1871[Sordariales: Chaetomiaceae]Yes: Trichocladium asperum has been reported in association with rot and atypical blemishes of tubers (Fiers et al. 2010; APPD 2016).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).No: One occurrence isolated from atypical skin blemishes of potato tubers (Fiers et al. 2010). Not known as a primary plant pathogen; reported as a secondary invader or saprobe (Kirk 1994).noUmbelopsis versiformis Amos & H.L. Barnett, 1966[Mucorales: Mucoraceae]Yes: Isolated from tuber in Victoria (APPD 2016).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).No: Reported from soil and plant debris (Amos & Barnett 1966; Wang et al. 2013). No evidence of significant economic consequences has been found.noVerticillium albo-atrum Reinke & Berthold, 1879[Plectosphaerellaceae]Yes: Verticillium can be spread by contaminated seed tubers (Davis & Huisman 2001).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: It causes Verticillium wilt of potato which is a widespread disease of economic importance in most production regions of the world (Davis & Huisman 2001). It is particularly severe in arid, warm climates. Both yield and quality may be affected with yield loss possibly over 40% (Davis & Huisman 2001).yesVerticillium dahliae Kleb., 1913 (VCGs not present)[Plectosphaerellaceae]Yes: Verticillium can be spread by contaminated seed tubers (Davis & Huisman 2001).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: It causes Verticillium wilt of potato which is a widespread disease of economic importance in most production regions of the world (Davis & Huisman 2001). It is particularly severe in arid, warm climates. Both yield and quality may be affected with yield loss possibly over 40% (Davis & Huisman 2001).yesVerticillium tricorpus I. Isaac, 1953[Plectosphaerellaceae]Yes: Can infect potato tubers (Robinson et al. 2006).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).No: Although it infects potato V.?tricorpus is a weaker pathogen which has potential as an antagonist against aggressive pathogen V? dahlia (Robinson et al. 2007).noNEMATODESCephalobus Bastian, 1863[Rhabditida: Cephalobidae]No: Cephalobus (unidentified species) has been reported in association with roots and soil of potato of unknown origin (APPD 2016). No evidence could be found to associate this nematode with potato tubers.Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoClarkus Jairajpuri, 1970[Mononchida: Mononchidae]No: Clarkus (unidentified species) has been reported in association soil of a potato crop in Tasmania (APPD 2016). No evidence could be found to associate this nematode with potato tubers.Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoDitylenchus dipsaci (Kühn 1857) Filip'ev, 1936[Tylenchina: Anguinidae]Yes: Ditylenchus dipsaci has been reported to cause conical pits on some infected tubers(Mwaura et al. 2015).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Ditylenchus dipsaci is an economically important pest affecting potato production in temperate climate zones (Mwaura et al. 2015). Some D.?dipsaci races have been reported to be polyphagous, infecting a wide range of crops (Janssen 1994).yesGlobodera rostochiensis Wollenweber, 1923[Tylenchida: Heteroderidae]Yes: Potato cyst nematodes have been reported to infest tubers (MacGuidwin 1993; Vovlas 1996) and as contaminants of tubers (Turner & Evans 1998; Brodie 2001).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Potato cyst nematode is a major pest of potato, causing serious losses in yield and quality of tubers (Whitehead & Turner 1998). Regulatory controls are imposed on potato cyst nematode by many countries (Brodie 2001).yesMesorhabditis Osche, 1952[Rhabditida: Rhabditidae]No: Only one report of an unidentified species of Mesorhabditis has been associated with soil from a potato plant in Tasmania (APPD 2016). No evidence could be found to associate this nematode with tubers. Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoParalongidorus sacchari Siddiqi, Hooper & Khan, 1963[Dorylaimida: Longidoridae]No: No evidence could be found to associate this nematode with potato disease in general, or potato tubers.Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoParatrichodorus mirzai (Siddiqi, 1960) Siddiqi, 1974[Triplonchida: Trichodoridae]No: One report of P.?mirzai from soil associated with a potato plant in NSW was found (APPD 2016). Stubby root nematodes are ecto-parasites that feed on root tips and cause little direct damage to tubers (Santo & Mojtahedi 2001). No evidence could be found to associate this nematode with potato tubers.Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoPratylenchus goodeyi Sher & Allen, 1953[Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae]Yes: Pratylenchus species can attack tubers and cause small lesions on the tuber surface. Infected tubers serve as a source of inoculum (MacGuidwin 2001; Scurrah et al. 2005)Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Pratylenchus species are generally polyphagous (Hunt et al. 2005). On its main host, banana, P.?goodeyi causes stunting of plants and reduction in leaf size and number and bunch weight (Gowen et al. 2005).yesPratylenchus jordanensis Hashim, 1983[Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae]Yes: Pratylenchus species can attack tubers and cause small lesions on the tuber surface. Infected tubers serve as a source of inoculum (MacGuidwin 2001; Scurrah et al. 2005).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Pratylenchus species are generally polyphagous (Hunt et al. 2005). Reported to cause root lesions on Hippeastrum species (Stirling & Stirling 2002), affect shoot growth and productivity in apple replants (Stirling et al. 1995) and associated with grapevines (misidentified as P.?scribneri) (Stirling 1976).yesPratylenchus loosi Loof, 1960[Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae]Yes: Pratylenchus species can attack tubers and cause small lesions on the tuber surface. Infected tubers serve as a source of inoculum (MacGuidwin 2001; Scurrah et al. 2005).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Pratylenchus species are generally polyphagous (Hunt et al. 2005). Pratylenchus loosi is recorded as a serious pest of tea in many regions and also caused damage on vegetable crops forming disease complexes with soil-borne root fungi (Luc et al. 2005).yesPratylenchus pratensis (de Man, 1880) Filip'jev, 1936[Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae]Yes: Pratylenchus species can attack tubers and cause small lesions on the tuber surface. Infected tubers serve as a source of inoculum (MacGuidwin 2001; Scurrah et al. 2005).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Pratylenchus species are generally polyphagous (Hunt et al. 2005). Pratylenchus pratensis is associated with more serious diseases of other crops including; ginger, maize, sugarcane and tobacco (Luc et al. 2005). Also reported to cause damage to grapevines (Pearson & Goheen 1988).yesRotylenchulus parvus Sher, 1961[Tylenchida: Rotylenchulidae]No: No evidence could be found that R.?parvus is a pathogen of potato.Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoRotylenchus (Rotylenchus) buxophilus Golden, 1956[Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae]No: Reported in association with soil under potato crops Matute et al. (2013). However, no evidence could be found to associate R.?buxophilis with potato tubers.Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoTrichodorus Cobb, 1913[Triplonchida: Trichodoridae]No: Trichodorus species are ecto-parasites that feed on root tips and cause little direct damage to tubers (Santo & Mojtahedi 2001). Commonly associated with roots of perennial and woody plants, causing stunting of the roots (Santo & Mojtahedi 2001; Hunt et al. 2005). No evidence could be found to associate this nematode with potato tubers.Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoTylenchorhynchus claytoni Steiner, 1937[Tylenchida: Telotylenchidae]No: Although there are no Australian records of T.?claytoni on potatoes, this is reported to be pathogenic to potatoes overseas (DAFF 2013). Tylenchorhynchus claytoni is an ectoparasitic that feeds on roots and has not been reported to infect tubers (Anderson & Potter 1991; MacGuidwin 1993).Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoTylenchus Bastian, 1865[Tylenchida: Tylenchidae]No: Reported in association with soil and roots associated with potato crops (APPD 2016). However, no evidence could be found to associate Tylenchus species with potato tubers.Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoVIRUSES/VIROIDSNucleorhabdovirus Eggplant mottled dwarf virus (EMDV)[Mononegavirales: Rhabdoviridae]Yes: Eggplant mottled dwarf virus (EMDV) affects potatoes occasionally (Jeffries 1998; Jones 2014). Infection is systemic and can be transmitted through infected potato tubers (Jackson et al. 2005). Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Eggplant mottled dwarf virus (EMDV) is highly damaging to vegetable crops. It causes severe stunting, chlorosis and wilting in primary infection (Jeffries 1998; Jackson et al. 2005). Eggplant mottled dwarf virus (EMDV) is considered of quarantine concern by the South Korean NPPO (DAFF 2013).yesNepovirus Lucerne Australian latent virus (LALV)[Picornavirales: Secoviridae]No: Although LALV has been detected on potato (tissue type not pecified) in Queensland (Büchen-Osmond et al. 1988), no evidence could be found to associate this virus with potato tubers.Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoPotexvirus Potato aucuba mosaic virus (PAMV)[Tymovirales: Alphaflexiviridae]Yes: Potato aucuba mosaic virus (PAMV) has been detected on tubers in New South Wales and Victoria (Büchen-Osmond et al. 1988).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015). Transmission requires a helper virus, either PVA or PVY and the aphid Myzus persicae (Büchen-Osmond et al. 1988). Strains of PVY are known to occur in Western Australia (Coutts & Jones 2015), as does M.?persicae (APPD 2016).Yes: The yield of potato crops is affected differently between varieties and strain of the virus. Control requires choice of resistant varieties, aphid control, roguing of infected plants and removal of volunteers (Büchen-Osmond et al. 1988).yesCarlavirus Potato virus M (PVM)[Tymovirales: Betaflexiviridae]Yes: Infected tubers are common source of the virus (German 2001b)Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Potato virus M (PVM) causes the diseases potato leaf rolling mosaic and paracrinkle. Effects on whole plants include stunting of shoots and rolling of the tops (Jeffries 1998; German 2001b). Yield losses can be significant in some situations, ranging from 14 to 45% (Jeffries 1998; German 2001b). yesSobemovirus Sowbane mosaic virus (SbMV)[Unassigned]No: Sowbane mosaic virus (SbMV) rarely infects potato (Jones 2014), and reports of tuber infection could not be found in the general literature. Seed transmission occurs in alternative hosts but has not been demonstrated in true potato seed (Slack & German 2001).Assessment not requiredAssessment not requirednoPospiviroid Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd)[Unassigned: Pospiviroidae]Yes: Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) can be transmitted via tubers (Slack 2001b). Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) causes spindle tuber disease in potato and bunchy top in tomato. Singh and Kaur (2014) reported 59% less yield when they compared the size and shape of tubers from PSTVd infected plants with healthy plants.yesPotyvirus Potato virus A (PVA)[Unassigned: Potyviridae]Yes: Potato virus A (PVA) is transmitted from one generation to the next by planting infected tubers (German 2001a)Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015).Yes: Potato virus A (PVA) causes a minor disease in the few potato varieties that lack PVA resistance gene Na (R Jones 2016, pers. comm. 30 Nov.). However, PVA can act as a helper virus for transmission of PAMV (Büchen-Osmond et al. 1988), and mixed infections with PVX can lead to higher yield losses (Slack 2001c).yesPotyvirus Potato virus Y (PVY) biological strains D and N, and phylogenetic group NTN[Unassigned: Potyviridae]Yes: Potato virus Y (PVY) can persist in tubers (German 2001c).Yes: Potatoes are commercially grown in Western Australia (ABS 2015). 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