Mrs. Johnson's Classroom



Name: Unit 1: The South and West TransformedAmerican History 2 Course MaterialsTable of Contents:Assignment NameDate AssignedProgressGradeUnit 1 VocabularyReconstruction Structured Academic ControversyNC Black codesA Sharecropping ContractIndian Wars MapA Century of DishonorBuilding the Transcontinental RailroadChinese Immigration and ExclusionReasons to Move WestUnit 1 Study Guide(Back of the cover page)Unit 1 Vocabularyrighttop1.001.Definition and historically accurate sentence without using the definition.Relevant example or draw a pictureImpeachment: Accusation against a public official of wrongdoing in officeUse it in a sentence:Segregation: Forces separation, oftentimes by raceUse it in a sentence:Integration : Process of bringing people of different races, religions, and social classes togetherUse it in a sentence:Sharecropping: System in which a farmer tended a portion of a planter’s land in return for a share of the cropUse it in a sentence:Tenant farming : System in which a farmer paid rent to a landowner for the use of the landUse it in a sentence:Populism: Political ideals and activities designed to represent the needs and wishes of "ordinary people."Use it in a sentence:Assimilation: To be absorbed into the main culture of society Use it in a sentence:Land grants: Land designated by the federal government for building schools, roads, or railroadsUse it in a sentence:Reconstruction Structured Academic Controversy (SAC) righttop2.002.STANFORD?HISTORY?EDUCATION?GROUP?sheg.stanford.eduCentral Historical Question: Were African Americans free during Reconstruction?Reconstruction Timeline1865The Civil War ends. Republican President Abraham Lincoln is assassinated. Democrat Andrew Johnson becomes president.13th?Amendment to the Constitution passes. Congress creates the Freedmen’s Bureau to help freedmen and women transition from slavery.1866Civil Rights Act of 1866 allows African Americans to own property and to be treated equally in court. The Ku Klux Klan is founded.1867Radical Republicans take over the United States government.186814th?Amendment to the Constitution passes. First African American elected to United States Congress.1869Ulysses S. Grant is elected president.187015th?Amendment to the Constitution passes.1871Congress passes the Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871 in response to reports of widespread violence in the South.1872The Freedmen’s Bureau ends.1874Democrats take control of the United States Congress. Radical Republicans are no longer in power.1877Rutherford B. Hayes is elected President and officially ends Reconstruction. Hayes pulls all remaining Northern troops out of the Southern states.Document A: The Reconstruction Amendments (Modified)?The 13th, 14th?and 15th?amendments to the United States Constitution are sometimes called the “Reconstruction Amendments.” They were passed in order to abolish slavery and to establish the rights of former slaves.13th?Amendment: 1865Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their?jurisdiction.14th?Amendment: 1868Section 1. All persons born or naturalized?in the United States . . . are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge?the privileges or immunities?of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.15th?Amendment: 1870Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.?Vocabulary: jurisdiction: legal control, naturalized: made citizens, abridge: limit, immunities: rights?Document B: Black Codes (Modified)?In the years following the Civil War, many Southern states and cities?passed Black Codes. These laws laid out what freed blacks were and were not allowed to do. The document below, passed July 3, 1865, is a Black Code from Opelousas, Louisiana.SECTION 1. No negro shall be allowed to come within the limits of the town of Opelousas without special permission from his employers.SECTION 3. No negro shall be permitted to rent or keep a house within the limits of the town under any circumstances.SECTION 4. No negro shall reside within the limits of the town of Opelousas who is not in the regular service of some white person or former owner.SECTION 5. No public meetings of negroes shall be allowed within the limits of the town of Opelousas under any circumstances without the permission of the mayor or president of the board of police. This, however, does not prevent the freedmen from attending the usual church services.SECTION 7. No freedman who is not in the military service shall be allowed to carry firearms, or any kind of weapons, within the limits of the town of Opelousas without the special permission of his employer, in writing, and approved by the mayor or president of the board of police.?SECTION?11.?All?the?foregoing?provisions?apply?to?freedmen?andfreedwomen.Source:?Black Code from Opelousas, Louisiana, July 3, 1865.Vocabulary: reside: to live inDocument C: Henry Adams Statement (Modified)In September 1865 I asked the boss to let me go to the city of Shreveport. He said, "All right, when will you come back?" I told him "next week." He said, "You had better carry a pass." I said, "I will see whether I am free b ygoing without a pass."I met four white men about six miles south of town. One of them asked me who I belonged to. I told him no one. So him and two others struck me with a stick and told me they were going to kill me and every other Negro who told them that they did not belong to anyone. They left me and I then went on to Shreveport. I saw over twelve colored men and women, beat, shot and hung between there and Shreveport.Sunday I went back home. The boss was not at home. I asked the madam [the boss’s wife], "where was the boss?" She said, "You should say 'master'. You all are not free . . . and you shall call every white lady 'missus' and every white man 'master.'"During the same week the madam took a stick and beat one of the young colored girls, who was about fifteen years of age. The boss came the next day and whipped the same girl nearly to death. . . . After the whipping a large number of young colored people decided to leave that place for Shreveport. [On our way], out came about forty armed white men and shot at us and took my horse. They said they were going to kill every colored person they found leaving their masters.Source:?Former slave Henry Adams made this statement before the U.S. Senate in 1880 about the early days of his freedom after the Civil War.(See next page for Document D)Document E: Education (Modified)In 1865 the United States government created the Freedmen’s Bureau to help former slaves in Southern states. The Freedmen’s Bureau helped?people by providing medical supplies and health care and establishing schools.The creation of schools for former slaves was an important part of Reconstruction. Before the Civil War, Southern states outlawed the teaching of reading and writing to slaves.Many of the negroes . . . common plantation negroes, and day laborers in the towns and villages, were supporting little schools themselves. Everywhere I found them hoping to get their children into schools. I often noticed that workers in stores and men working in warehouses, and cart drivers on the streets, had spelling books with them, and were studying them during the time they were not working. Go outside any large town in the South, and walk among the negro housing, and you will see children and in many cases grown negroes, sitting in the sun alongside their cabins studying.Source: ?Sidney Andrews quoted in the Joint Report on Reconstruction,1866. The document above is an excerpt from a report by a Northern white man to the United States government in 1866.Document D: Elected Black Officials during ReconstructionDuring Reconstruction, thousands of African Americans were elected to local and state governments throughout the Southern states. In addition, 17 African Americans were elected to the United States Congress from Southern states between 1870 and 1877. Here are photographs of 6 of these 17 elected officials.Guiding QuestionsDocument A: The Reconstruction AmendmentsWhen were the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments passed? Why do you think they were passed? What rights did they guarantee for American citizens?Document B: Black CodesWhen were these Black Codes written? Who do you think wrote these laws? List three things that freed men and women were not allowed to do according to the Black Codes. Why would white Southerners pass laws that controlled the movement of African Americans? What would happen if African Americans left the South in huge numbers? How do these laws help you to understand what life was like in Louisiana and other Southern states after the Civil War?Document C: Henry Adams’s StatementWho wrote this document? When and why was it written? According to Adams, what was life like for freed men and women after the Civil War? Do you trust the account in this document? Why or why not?Document D: African American Political RepresentationWhat does this information about African-American politicians tell you about what life was like for African Americans during Reconstruction?Document E: EducationWhy do you think education was important to former slaves during Reconstruction? How does this description of life for freedmen compare to Henry Adams’s statement?Structured Academic Controversy: ReconstructionReconstruction was the period between 1865 and 1877, when the nation tried to build itself after the Civil War. During today’s class, you will work in teams to discuss whether or not African Americans were free during Reconstruction. Your goals for today should include looking at all the issues, seeing both sides, and finding common ground.SAC QUESTION: Were African Americans free during Reconstruction?Team A will argue: YES, African Americans were free during Reconstruction.Team B will argue: NO, African Americans were NOT free during Reconstruction.PROCEDURE30 minutesWith your teammate, read the documents in the Reconstruction document set. Find four pieces of evidence which support your side10 minutesTeam A presents. BOTH PARTNERS MUST PRESENT!!! Team B writes down Team A’s arguments and then repeats them back to Team A.10 minutesTeam B presents. BOTH PARTNERS MUST PRESENT!!! Team A down arguments of Team B and then repeats them back to Team B.10 minutesEveryone CAN ABANDON their positions. Group of 4 attempts to develop a ANIZING THE EVIDENCEUse this space to write your main points and the main points made by the other side.African Americans WERE free during Reconstruction: List the 4 main points/evidence that support this side.From Document _____: From Document _____: From Document _____: From Document _____:African Americans were NOT free during Reconstruction: List the 4 main points/evidence that support this side.From Document _____: From Document _____: From Document _____: From Document _____:Coming to ConsensusSTARTING NOW, YOU MAY ABANDON YOUR ASSIGNED POSITION AND ARGUE FOR EITHER SIDE. Use the space below to outline your group’s agreement. Your agreement should address evidence and arguments from both sides.righttop3.0200003.NC Black codes, 1866Public Laws of North Carolina, session of 1866, p. 99; and Senate Ex. Doc. no. 26, 39 Cong., 1 Sess., p. 197. March 10, 1866Sec. 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of North Carolina That negroes and their issue, even where one ancestor in each succeeding generation to the fourth inclusive is white, shall be deemed persons of color.Sec. 2. …All persons of color who are now inhabitants of this State shall be entitled to the same privileges, and are subject to the same burthens and disabilities, as by the laws of the State were conferred on, or were attached to, free persons of color, prior to the ordinance of emancipation, except as the same may be changed by law.Sec. 3. …Persons of color shall be entitled to all the privileges of white persons in the mode of prosecuting, defending, continuing, removing and transferring their suits at law and in equity; and likewise to the same mode of trial by jury, and all the privileges appertaining thereto. And in all proceedings in equity by or against them, their answer shall have the same force and effect in all respects as the answer of white persons.Sec. 4. …In all cases of apprenticeship of persons of color, under chapter five (5) of the revised code, the master shall be bound to discharge the same duties to them as to apprentices…: Provided always, That in the binding out of apprentices of color, the former masters of such apprentices, when they shall be regarded as suitable persons by the court, shall be entitled to have such apprentices bound to them, in preference to other persons.Chapter 5, section 3, of the revised code, as amended by this act, reads thus: The master or mistress shall provide for the apprentice diet, clothes, lodging, and accommodations fit and necessary; and such apprentice shall teach or cause to be taught to read and write, and the elementary rules of arithmetic; and at the expiration of every apprenticeship shall pay to each apprentice six dollars, and furnish him with a new suit of clothes, and a new Bible; and if upon complaint made to the court of pleas and quarter sessions it shall appear that any apprentice is ill-used, or not taught the trade, profession and employment to which he was bound, or that any apprentice is not taught reading, writing, and arithmetic as aforesaid, the court may remove and bind him to some other suitable person.Paraphrase each section of this document in the space provided here.(Write a clear, accurate & brief summary)1.2.3.4.5.3.Sec. 5. …In all cases where men and women, both or one of them were lately slaves and are now emancipated, now cohabit together in the relation of husband and wife, the parties shall be deemed to have been lawfully married as man and wife at the time of the commencement of such cohabitation, although they may not have been married in due form of law. And all persons whose cohabitation is hereby ratified into a state of marriage shall go before the clerk of the court of pleas and quarter sessions of the county in which they reside, at his office, or before some justice of the peace, and acknowledge the fact of such cohabitation, and the time of its commencement, and the clerk shall enter the same in a book kept for that purpose…Sec. 7. …All contracts between any persons whatever, whereof one or more of them shall be a person of color, for the sale or purchase of any horse, mule, ass, jennet, neat cattle, hog, sheep or goat, whatever may be the value of such articles, and all contracts between such persons for any other article or articles of property whatever of the value of ten dollars or more; and all contracts executed or executory between such persons for the payment of money of the value of ten dollars or more, shall be void as to all persons whatever, unless the same be put in writing and signed by the vendors or debtors, and witnessed by a white person who can read and write…Sec. 9. …Persons of color not otherwise incompetent shall be capable of bearing evidence in all controversies at law and in equity, where the rights of persons or property of persons of color shall be put in issue, and would be concluded by the judgment or decree of court; and also in pleas of the State, where the violence, fraud, or injury alleged shall be charged to have been done by or to persons of color. In all other civil and criminal cases such evidence shall be deemed inadmissible, unless by consent of the parties of record: Provided, That this section shall not go into effect until jurisdiction in matters relating to freedmen shall be fully committed to the courts of this State: Provided, further, That no person shall be deemed incompetent to bear testimony in such cases because of being a party to the record or in interest…Sec. 11. …Any person of color convicted by due course of law of an assault with an attempt to commit rape upon the body of a white female, shall suffer death.Sec. 12. …The criminal laws of the State embracing and affecting a white person are hereby extended to persons of color, except where it is otherwise provided in this act, and whenever they shall be convicted of any act made criminal, if committed by a white person, they shall be punished in like manner, except in such cases where other and different punishment may be prescribed or allowed by this act.5.7.9.11.12.righttop4.0200004.A Sharecropping Contract: 1882To every one applying to rent land upon shares, the following conditions must be read, and agreed to. To every 30 and 35 acres, I agree to furnish the team, plow, and farming implements, except cotton planters, and I do not agree to furnish a cart to every cropper. The croppers are to have half of the cotton, corn, and fodder (and peas and pumpkins and potatoes if any are planted) if the following conditions are complied with, but-if not-they are to have only two-fifths (2/5). Croppers are to have no part or interest in the cotton seed raised from the crop planted and worked by them. No vine crops of any description, that is, no watermelons, muskmelons, .?.?.?squashes or anything of that kind, except peas and pumpkins, and potatoes, are to be planted in the cotton or corn. All must work under my direction. All plantation work to be done by the croppers. My part of the crop to be housed by them, and the fodder and oats to be hauled and put in the house. All the cotton must be topped about 1st August. If any cropper fails from any cause to save all the fodder from his crop, I am to have enough fodder to make it equal to one-half of the whole if the whole amount of fodder had been saved.?For every mule or horse furnished by me there must be 1000 good sized rails.?.?.?hauled, and the fence repaired as far as they will go, the fence to be torn down and put up from the bottom if I so direct. All croppers to haul rails and work on fence whenever I may order. Rails to be split when I may say. Each cropper to clean out every ditch in his crop, and where a ditch runs between two croppers, the cleaning out of that ditch is to be divided equally between them. Every ditch bank in the crop must be shrubbed down and cleaned off before the crop is planted and must be cut down every time the land is worked with his hoe and when the crop is "laid by," the ditch banks must be left clean of bushes, weeds, and seeds. The cleaning out of all ditches must be done by the first of October. The rails must be split and the fence repaired before corn is planted.Each cropper must keep in good repair all bridges in his crop or over ditches that he has to clean out and when a bridge needs repairing that is outside of all their crops, then any one that I call on must repair it.Fence jams to be done as ditch banks. If any cotton is planted on the land outside of the plantation fence, I am to have three-fourths of all the cotton made in those patches, that is to say, no cotton must be planted by croppers in their home patches.All croppers must clean out stable and fill them with straw, and haul straw in front of stable whenever I direct. All the cotton must be manured, and enough fertilizer must be brought to manure each crop highly, the croppers to pay for one-half of all manure bought, the quantity to be purchased for each crop must be left to me.No cropper is to work off the plantation when there is any work to be done on the land he has rented, or when his work is needed by me or other croppers. Trees to be cut down on Orchard, house field, & Evanson fences, leaving such as I may designate.Road field is to be planted from the very edge of the ditch to the fence, and all the land to be planted close up to the ditches and fences. No stock of any kind belonging to croppers to run in the plantation after crops are gathered.If the fence should be blown down, or if trees should fall on the fence outside of the land planted by any of the croppers, any one or all that I may call upon must put it up and repair it.Every cropper must feed or have fed, the team he works, Saturday nights, Sundays, and every morning before going to work, beginning to feed his team (morning, noon, and night every day in the week) on the day he rents and feeding it to including the 31st day of December. If any cropper shall from any cause fail to repair his fence as far as 1000 rails will go, or shall fail to clean out any part of his ditches, or shall fail to leave his ditch banks, any part of them, well shrubbed and clean when his crop is laid by, or shall fail to clean out stables, fill them up and haul straw in front of them whenever he is told, he shall have only two-fifths (2/5) of the cotton, corn, fodder, peas, and pumpkins made on the land he cultivates.If any cropper shall fail to feed his team Saturday nights, all day Sunday and all the rest of the week, morning/noon, and night, for every time he so fails he must pay me five cents.No corn or cotton stalks must be burned, but must be cut down, cut up and plowed in. Nothing must be burned off the land except when it is impossible to plow it in.Every cropper must be responsible for all gear and farming implements placed in his hands, and if not returned must be paid for unless it is worn out by use.Croppers must sow & plow in oats and haul them to the crib, but must have no part of them. Nothing to be sold from their crops, nor fodder nor corn to be carried out of the fields until my rent is all paid, and all amounts they owe me and for which I am responsible are paid in full.I am to gin & pack all the cotton and charge every cropper an eighteenth of his part, the cropper to furnish his part of the bagging, ties, & twine.The sale of every cropper's part of the cotton to be made by me when and where I choose to sell, and after deducting all they owe me and all sums that I may be responsible for on their accounts, to pay them their half of the net proceeds. Work of every description, particularly the work on fences and ditches, to be done to my satisfaction, and must be done over until I am satisfied that it is done as it should be.No wood to burn, nor light wood, nor poles, nor timber for boards, nor wood for any purpose whatever must be gotten above the house occupied by Henry Beasley-nor must any trees be cut down nor any wood used for any purpose, except for firewood, without my permission.Source: Grimes Family Papers (#3357), 1882. Held in the Southern Historical Collection University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.Sharecropper Contract QuestionsWhen and where was this contract written?Fill in the table with what each side will provide:Sharecropper (what can they do / not do)Landowner (what will they provide / or do)Do you think this is a fair contract? Why or why not?What parts of this control do you think caused the sharecroppers to be in debt to plantation owners?Does this contract seem more or less extreme than the impression you had of sharecropping after you read the textbook? Explain.rightbottom5.0200005.centercenterA Century of Dishonorrighttop6.0200006.EXPLAIN1 : to make known; to make plain or understandable2 : to give the reason for or cause of3 : to show the logical development or relationships ofExplain what A Century of Dishonor is about:Explain how the Indians on the Pacific slopes were treated:Explain what Jackson means with this statement: “It make little difference, however, where one opens the record of the history of the Indians.”Explain what the commission reported to President Grant about Indians willingness to work:Explain the behavior of white men as it relates to the Indian War. Outline several actions taken by white men against the Indians. According to this reading, explain the pros and cons of giving Indians citizenship right away:Pros:Cons:Why do you think Jackson had copies of her book sent to members of Congress?If you had lived during this time period, what solutions would you have proposed to the government and private citizens’ treatment of Native Americans?righttop7.0200007.Building the Transcontinental RailroadAlong with the development of the atomic bomb, the digging of the Panama Canal, and landing the first men on the moon, the construction of a transcontinental railroad was one of the United States' greatest technological achievements. Railroad track had to be laid over 2,000 miles of rugged terrain, including mountains of solid granite. Before the transcontinental railroad was completed, travel overland by stagecoach cost $1,000, took five or six months, and involved crossing rugged mountains and arid desert. The alternatives were to travel by sea around the tip of South America, a distance of 18,000 miles; or to cross the Isthmus of Panama, then travel north by ship to California. Each route took months and was dangerous and expensive. The transcontinental railroad would make it possible to complete the trip in five days at a cost of $150 for a first-class sleeper.The first spikes were driven in 1863, in the midst of the Civil War. Two companies competed to lay as much track as possible. The Central Pacific built east from Sacramento, Calif., while the Union Pacific built west from Omaha, Neb. The government gave the companies rights of way of 200 feet on each side of the track and financial aid of $16,000 to $48,000 for each mile of track laid.At first, the Union Pacific, which had flat terrain, raced ahead. The Central Pacific had to run train track through the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Working three shifts around the clock, Chinese immigrants hand drilled holes into which they packed black powder and later nitroglycerine. The progress in the tunnels through the mountains was agonizingly slow, an average of a foot a day.Stung by the Union Pacific's record of eight miles of track laid in a single day, the Central Pacific concocted a plan to lay 10 miles in a day. Eight Irish tracklayers put down 3,520 rails, while other workers laid 25,800 ties and drove 28,160 spikes in a single day. On May 10, 1869, at Promontory Summit, Utah, a golden spike was hammered into the final tie.The transcontinental railroad was built in six years almost entirely by hand. Workers drove spikes into mountains, filled the holes with black powder, and blasted through the rock inch by inch. Handcarts moved the drift from cuts to fills. Bridges, including one 700 feet long and 126 feet in the air, had to be constructed to ford streams. Thousands of workers, including Irish and German immigrants, former Union and Confederate soldiers, freed slaves, and especially Chinese immigrants played a part in the construction. Chinese laborers first went to work for the Central Pacific as it began crossing California's Sierra Nevada Mountains in 1865. At one point, 8,000 of the 10,000 men toiling for the Central Pacific were Chinese. At one point, Chinese workers were lowered in hand-woven reed baskets to drill blasting holes in the rock. They placed explosives in each hole, lit the fuses, and were, hopefully, pulled up before the powder was detonated. Explosions, freezing temperatures, and avalanches in the High Sierras killed hundreds. When Chinese workers struck for higher pay, a Central Pacific executive withheld their food supplies until they agreed to go back to work.An English-Chinese phrase book from 1867 translated the following phrases into Chinese:Can you get me a good boy? He wants $8 a month? He ought to be satisfied with $6.... Come at 7 every morning. Go home at 8 every night. Light the fire. Sweep the rooms. Wash the clothes. Wash the windows. Sweep the stairs. Trim the lamps. I want to cut his wages.Many of the railroad's builders viewed the Plains Indians as obstacles to be removed. General William Tecumseh Sherman wrote in 1867: "The more we can kill this year, the less will have to be killed the next year, for the more I see of these Indians the more convinced I am that they all have to be killed or be maintained as a species of paupers."Construction of the railroad provided many opportunities for financial chicanery, corruption, graft, and bribery. The greatest financial scandal of the 19th century grew out of the railroad's construction. The president of the Union Pacific helped found a construction company, called Credit Mobilier, which allowed investors, including several members of Congress, to grant lucrative construction contracts to themselves, while nearly bankrupting the railroad.The railroad had profound effects on American life. New phrases entered the American vocabulary such as "time's up," "time's a wasting," and "the train is leaving the station." It also led to the division of the nation into four standard time zones. In addition, the railroads founded many of the towns on the Great Plains on land grants they were awarded by the federal government, and then sold the land to settlers.The completion of the transcontinental railroad changed the nation. Western agricultural products, coal, and minerals could move freely to the east coast. Just as the Civil War united North and South, the transcontinental railroad united East and West. Passengers and freight could reach the west coast in a matter of days instead of months at one-tenth the cost. Settlers rushed into what was previously considered a desert wasteland. The 1890 Census would declare that the American frontier had disappeared. The railroad was a major cause.Equally important, the success of the transcontinental railroad encouraged an American faith that with money, determination, and organization anything can be accomplished. The construction of railroad demonstrated the effectiveness of complex military-like organization and assembly-line processes.Answer the following questions about the Transcontinental RailroadExplain the difficulties that travelers had before the railroad:What were some difficulties faced by the railroad builders?What type of people worked for the railroad (list at least 3 groups)What group of people suffered the worst treatment?Describe their treatment:Explain FOUR different effects that the railroad caused (look for financial, social, political or cultural changes)Ranking the Railroad:Some historians argue that the railroad was the greatest technological development in the United States in the nineteenth century.Write a paragraph where you EXPLAIN if you agree or disagree. Include specific reasons.Why do you suppose the completion of the railroads led to such large growth of towns and cities?What conflicts could you predict this would cause for the Native Americans who lived in these lands?righttop8.0200008.Chinese Immigration and ExclusionCentral Historical Question: What factors contributed to the Chinese Exclusion Act?Timeline of Chinese Immigration and Exclusion1848Gold discovered at Sutter's Mill, California; many Chinese arrive to mine for gold.1850Foreign Miners’ tax mainly targets Chinese and Mexican miners.1852Approximately 25,000 Chinese in America.1854Court rules that Chinese cannot give testimony in court.1862Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association forms.1865Central Pacific Railroad recruits Chinese workers; ultimately employs about 15,000 Chinese workers.1869First transcontinental railroad completed.1870California passes a law against the importation of Chinese and Japanese women for prostitution.1871Los Angeles: anti-Chinese violence; 18 Chinese killed.1873Panic of 1873; start of major economic downturn that last through the decade; blamed on corrupt RR companies.1877Chico, CA: anti-Chinese violence.1878Court rules Chinese ineligible for naturalized citizenship.1880Approximately 106,000 Chinese in America; California passes anti-miscegenation law (no interracial marriage).1882Chinese Exclusion Act: prohibits Chinese immigration (in one year, Chinese immigration drops from 40,000 to 23).1885Rock Springs Wyoming Anti-Chinese Violence.1892Geary Act—extends Chinese Exclusion Act.STEP 1: Read the timeline carefully. Write your HYPOTHESES for why the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in 1882.STOP!STEP 2: Read document A-D. For each, write any evidence you find for what led to the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. Based on THIS document, why did many white Americans support the Chinese Exclusion Act?Document A: Play Document B: Nast CartoonDocument C: Workingmen speechDocument D: Lee Chew’s AutobiographySTEP 3: In the space below, answer the following question: Why did Americans pass the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882? Use evidence from the documents and the timeline.Reasons to Move West#1 Pictures (Homestead Act) righttop9.0200009.Explain the poster. What is it asking people to do?What would be the benefit, according to the poster, to move west?In 1867 the government passed a piece of legislation called the Homestead Act. Using your knowledge from the poster what do you think the Homestead Act is? Who would the Homestead Act appeal to?Why was the Homestead Act so important in getting people to move west? #2 Picture (Morrill Land Grant)What was the Morrill Land Grant? Why was it used? Why was this grant important to westward expansion? #3 Picture and Article (Comstock Lode) Why would the discovery of silver have been important in the history of the United States? How would the discovery of the Comstock Lode play a role in the westward movement? What were some of the conditions that miners had to work in to be able to mine silver? How safe do you think mining for silver was in the late 1800’s?#4 Article (Gold Rush)What would be some reasons that people might move west in 1848?Where does the article “claim” that gold was been discovered? Do you think this made a difference in how many people moved out west to mind gold?The problem with mining gold in California was that it was 3,000 miles back to the east coast cities over land. What new way of transportation is being introduced at this time? How might this help the Gold miners and silver miners in California? #5 Pictures (Boomtown and Ghost town) Look at the two pictures of Carson City, Nevada. What has happened to Carson City? Why?What is meant by the term BOOMTOWN and GHOSTTOWN? How would the mining of the gold and silver in the United States affect these two pictures? 336665517813#1020000#1lefttop00righttop004546604258310#2020000#2centerbottom00righttop00# 3 Life in Camp: "There is a good deal of sin and wickedness going on here"Shufelt lived in a cabin with six other miners. The cabin had windows, a fireplace and an oven. The miners' diet was poor with the result that many suffered from disease, particularly scurvy. Shufelt himself fell seriously ill, became deranged and was not expected to live but recovered in a week's time. He describes life in camp:"Many, very many, that come here meet with bad success & thousands will leave their bones here. Others will lose their health, contract diseases that they will carry to their graves with them. Some will have to beg their way home, & probably one half that come here will never make enough to carry them back. 47155101016000But this does not alter the fact about the gold being plenty here, but shows what a poor frail being man is, how liable to disappointments, disease & death.There is a good deal of sin & wickedness going on here, Stealing, lying, Swearing, Drinking, Gambling & murdering. There is a great deal of gambling carried on here. Almost every public House is a place for Gambling, & this appears to be the greatest evil that prevails here. Men make & lose thousands in a night, & frequently small boys will go up & bet $5 or 10(Equivalent to $115-$225 today)?-- & if they lose all, go the next day & dig more. We are trying to get laws here to regulate things but it will be very difficult to get them executed."48561054432220026670169545#4020000#4center300355#5020000#549064075311000center420980300righttop10.02000010.Unit 1 Study GuideWhat law encouraged Native Americans to become famers by dividing reservations into 160 acre sections?What did Joseph Glidden invent?What were mining towns that thrived when gold and silver were discovered in the area called?During the gold and silver rushes of the late 1800’s what largest silver find in the US was discovered?General Custer and his men were killed by the Sioux at what Montana battle site?Helen Hunt Jackson wrote what influential book about the harsh treatment of Indians?What ethnic groups built the transcontinental railroad?The Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroads met at what location?Which conflict sparked more Indian resistance when the Colorado militia attacked Cheyenne & Arapaho camp under U.S. Army protection?Competition and lack of regular law enforcement led to conflict between cattle companies and farmers that were known by what name?What is the belief that both silver and gold should be used as currency, with a certain amount of gold being equal to a certain amount of silver called?How did Congress fund the building of the transcontinental railroad?What agreement with the Sioux said the U.S would not build a road through Sioux territory & gave up three forts in return for Sioux staying on their reservation?What was the act that gave 160 acres of land out west to citizens willing to live on and cultivate it for five years called?Freed African Americans who had joined the army and now fought during the Indian Wars were known by what name?In what conflict did Southern Plains Indians attack Texans because they had violated treaties and after they lostTexas was opened for further settlement?In what conflict did Chief Red Cloud kill a U.S. Captain & troops when the government decided to build road through Sioux hunting grounds to a Montana mining town?For what purposes did the Native Americans hunt buffalo?The Morrill Land Grant Act gave land to states for what purpose?In what conflict were 153 Sioux people, mostly old men and women, killed by the U.S. Army after participating in a new Indian religious revival?What is the name of the Native American religious movement that worried white settlers?Former slaves who moved to Kansas and Oklahoma under the Homestead Act were called by what name?What were the places Texas Longhorns were rounded up and shipped to eastern markets called?Who led the Nez Perce tribe when they tried to escape the reservation system by running for Canada? ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download