Multiple Choice



Practice: Conservation of EnergyMultiple ChoiceA fan blows the air and gives it kinetic energy. An hour after the fan has been turned off, what has happened to the kinetic energy of the air?it disappears (B) it turns into potential energy (C) it turns into thermal energy (D) it turns into sound energy (E) it turns into electrical energyTotal energy is always conserved so as the air molecules slow and lose their kinetic energy, thereis a heat flow which increases internal (or thermal) energyA 60.0-kg ball of clay is tossed vertically in the air with an initial speed of 4.60 m/s. Ignoring air resistance, what is the change in its potential energy when it reaches its highest point?0 J (B) 45 J (C) 280 J (D) 635 J (E) 2700 JAll of the K = ? m v2 is converted to U. Simply plug in the values From the top of a 70-meter-high building, a 1-kilogram ball is thrown directly downward with an initial speed of 10 meters per second. If the ball reaches the ground with a speed of 30 meters per second, the energy lost to friction is most nearly0J (B) 100 J (C) 300 J ( D) 400 J (E) 700 JCompare the U+K ( mgh + ? mv2 ) at the top, to the K ( ? mv2 ) at the bottom and subtract themto get the loss. A ball is thrown upward. At a height of 10 meters above the ground, the ball has a potential energy of 50 joules (with the potential energy equal to zero at ground level) and is moving upward with a kinetic energy of 50 joules. Air friction is negligible. The maximum height reached by the ball is most nearly10 m (B) 20 m (C) 30 m (D) 40 m (E) 50 mFirst use the given location (h=10m) and the U there (50J) to find the mass.U=mgh, 50=m(10)(10), so m = 0.5 kg. The total mechanical energy is given in the problemas U+K = 100 J. The max height is achieved when all of this energy is potential. So set100J = mgh and solve for h The figure shows a rough semicircular track whose ends are at a vertical height h. A block placed at point P at one end of the track is released from rest and slides past the bottom of the track. Which of the following is true of the height to which the block rises on the other side of the track?(A) It is equal to h/(2π) (B) It is equal to h/4(C) It is equal to h/2 (D) It is equal to h(E) It is between zero and h; the exact height depends on how much energy is lost to friction.Since the track is rough there is friction and some mechanical energy will be lost as the blockslides which means it cannot reach the same height on the other side. The extent of energylost depends on the surface factors and cannot be determined without more informationFree Response1979B1. From the top of a cliff 80 meters high, a ball of mass 0.4 kilogram is launched horizontally with a velocityof 30 meters per second at time t = 0 as shown above. The potential energy of the ball is zero at the bottom of thecliff. Use g = 10 meters per second squared.a. Calculate the potential, kinetic, and total energies of the ball at time t = 0.b. On the axes below, sketch and label graphs of the potential, kinetic, and total energies of the ball as functions ofthe distance fallen from the top of the cliffc. On the axes below sketch and label the kinetic and potential energies of the ball as functions of time until the ball hits.Solutions(a) U = mgh = 320 JK = ? m v2 = 180 JTotal = U + K = 500 Jb)c)Problem 22004B1.A roller coaster ride at an amusement park lifts a car of mass 700 kg to point A at a height of 90 m above the lowest point on the track, as shown above. The car starts from rest at point A, rolls with negligible friction down the incline and follows the track around a loop of radius 20 m. Point B, the highest point on the loop, is at a height of 50 m above the lowest point on the track.(a)i. Indicate on the figure the point P at which the maximum speed of the car is attained.ii. Calculate the value vmsx of this maximum speed.(b) Calculate the speed vB of the car at point B.(c)i. On the figure of the car below, draw and label vectors to represent the forces acting on the car when it is upsidedown at point B. ii. Calculate the magnitude of all the forces identified in (c)(d) Now suppose that friction is not negligible. How could the loop be modified to maintain the same speed at the top of the loop as found in (b)? Justify your answer.Solution ................
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