Calculation of 1-D Consolidation Settlement
Calculation of 1-D Consolidation Settlement
? A general theory for consolidation, incorporating three- y dimensional flow is complicated and only applicable to a very limited range of problems in geotechnical engineering.
? A simplification for solving consolidation problems, drainage and deformations are assumed to be only in the vertical direction. q kPa GL Sand
x z
z
water squeezed out
saturated clay Sand
reasonable simplification if the surcharge is of large
lateral extent
Calculation of 1-D Consolidation Settlement
The consolidation settlement can be determined knowing: - Initial void ratio e0. - Thickness of layer H - Change of void ratio e
It only requires the evaluation of e
Calculation of 1-D Consolidation Settlement
Settlement Calculation
Sc H Ho H f (h1 h2)
Sc
(h1
h2)
H H
o o
Sc
(
h1 hs
h2)H h1
Sc
(
(h1 (hs
h2) h1)
/ /
hs hs
)H
H
h1
Ho hs
Voids S=100% h2 Solids hs
Hf Solids
Sc
(
eo ef 1 eo
)H
Sc
e 1 eo
H
It only requires the evaluation of e
One-dimensional Laboratory Consolidation Test
? 1-D field consolidation can be simulated in laboratory.
? Data obtained from laboratory testing can be used to predict magnitude of
consolidation settlement reasonably, but rate is often poorly estimated.
Wide foundation GL
Saturated clay field
simulation of 1-D field consolidation in Lab
Sand or Drainage layer
porous stone
Undisturbed soil specimen
metal ring (oedometer)
lab
One-dimensional Laboratory Consolidation Test
The one-dimensional consolidation test was first suggested by Terzaghi. It is performed in a consolidometer (sometimes referred to as oedometer). The schematic diagram of a consolidometer is shown below.
The complete procedures and discussion of the test was presented in CE 380.
Consolidometer or Oedometer
Dial gauge
Load
Water
Porous stone Soil specimenSpecimen ring
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