PDF Intravenous Solutions, Equipment, and Calculations

[Pages:63]Chapter 15

Intravenous Solutions, Equipment, and Calculations

Copyright ? 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

IV Components

Abbreviation D W S NS

NaCl RL LR

Solution Component Dextrose Water Saline

Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl) Sodium Chloride Ringer's Lactate Lactated Ringer's

Copyright ? 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Normal Serum Osmolarity

? Hypotonic

? Less than 250 milliosmole (mOsm) per L ? Used to dilute excess serum electrolytes

? E.g., 0.45 percent saline

Copyright ? 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Normal Serum Osmolarity

? Isotonic

? 250 to 375 mOsm per L ? Used to expand volume and maintain normal tonicity

? E.g., 0.9 percent saline, lactated Ringer's, 5 percent dextrose in water (D5W)

Copyright ? 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Normal Serum Osmolarity

? Hypertonic

? Greater than 375 mOsm per L ? Used to correct electrolyte imbalances

? E.g., 5 percent dextrose and 0.9 percent NaCl, 5 percent dextrose and lactated Ringer's

Copyright ? 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

IV Solution Label

Courtesy of Abbott Laboratories, Inc.

Copyright ? 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

IV Sites

? Peripheral

? Rate of infusion should not exceed 200 mL in one hour

? Central line

? Accommodates larger concentrations and volumes of fluid

Copyright ? 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Monitoring IVs

? Nursing responsibility ? Check every 30 minutes to one hour:

? Fluid volume remaining ? Infusion rate

Copyright ? 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

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