Mastering the hp 39gs & hp 40gs
[Pages:366]hp 39gs and hp 40gs graphing calculators
Mastering the hp 39gs & hp 40gs
A guide for teachers, students and other users of the hp 39gs & hp 40gs
Edition 1.0 HP part number F2224-90010
Notice
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THIS MANUAL AND ANY EXAMPLES CONTAINED HEREIN ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THIS MANUAL, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NON-INFRINGEMENT AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
HEWLETT-PACKARD CO. SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY ERRORS OR FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THE FURNISHING, PERFORMANCE, OR USE OF THIS MANUAL OR THE EXAMPLES CONTAINED HEREIN.
? Copyright 2006 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
Reproduction, adaptation, or translation of this manual is prohibited without prior written permission of Hewlett-Packard Company, except as allowed under the copyright laws.
Hewlett-Packard Company 16399 West Bernardo Drive, MS 8-600 San Diego, CA 92123 USA
Acknowledgements
Hewlett-Packard would like to thank the author Colin Croft.
Printing History Edition 1 December 2006
Table of Contents
Introduction .......................................................................................................................7
Getting Started ..................................................................................................................9
Some Keyboard Examples ...............................................................................................10
Keys & Notation Conventions ..........................................................................................11
Everything revolves around Aplets! .................................................................................14
The HOME view ...............................................................................................................18
What is the HOME view? .............................................................................................18
Exploring the keyboard ...............................................................................................19
Angle and Numeric settings .........................................................................................28
Memory Management .................................................................................................30
Fractions on the hp 39gs and hp 40gs .........................................................................33
The HOME History .......................................................................................................37
Storing and Retrieving Memories .................................................................................39
Referring to other aplets from the HOME view.............................................................40
A brief introduction to the MATH Menu ........................................................................41
Resetting the calculator................................................................................................42
Summary ....................................................................................................................45
The Function Aplet ...........................................................................................................46
Auto Scale ...................................................................................................................49
The PLOT SETUP view...................................................................................................50
The default axis settings ..............................................................................................52
The
Bar ............................................................................................................52
The Menu Bar functions ...............................................................................................53
The FCN menu .............................................................................................................57
The Expert: Working with Functions Effectively ................................................................62
The VIEWS menu..............................................................................................................85
Downloaded Aplets from the Internet ..........................................................................91
The Parametric Aplet .......................................................................................................92
The Expert: Vector Functions ............................................................................................95
Fun and games............................................................................................................95
Vectors ........................................................................................................................96
The Polar Aplet ................................................................................................................98
The Sequence Aplet..........................................................................................................99
The Expert: Sequences & Series......................................................................................102
The Solve Aplet..............................................................................................................105
The Expert: Examples for Solve......................................................................................113
The Statistics Aplet - Univariate Data..............................................................................114
The Expert: Simulations & random numbers...................................................................120
The Statistics Aplet - Bivariate Data................................................................................123
The Expert: Manipulating columns & eqns......................................................................133
The Inference Aplet ........................................................................................................141
The Expert: Chi2 tests & Frequency tables .......................................................................147
The Linear Solver Aplet ..................................................................................................150
Example 1 .................................................................................................................150
Example 2 .................................................................................................................150
Example 3 .................................................................................................................151
The Triangle Solve Aplet ................................................................................................152
Example 1 .................................................................................................................152
Example 2 .................................................................................................................153
Example 3 .................................................................................................................154
The Finance Aplet ..........................................................................................................155
The Quad Explorer Teaching Aplet .................................................................................159
The Trig Explorer Teaching Aplet ....................................................................................162
The MATH menus ...........................................................................................................165
Accessing the MATH menu commands........................................................................166
The PHYS menu commands........................................................................................168
The MATH menu commands.......................................................................................169
The `Real' group of functions .....................................................................................170
The `Stat-Two' group of functions ..............................................................................178
The `Symbolic' group of functions ..............................................................................179
The `Tests' group of functions ....................................................................................182
The `Trigonometric' & `Hyperbolic' groups of functions ..............................................182
The `Calculus' group of functions ...............................................................................184
The `Complex' group of functions ..............................................................................186
The `Constant' group of functions ..............................................................................189
The `Convert' group of functions ...............................................................................189
The `List' group of functions .......................................................................................190
The `Loop' group of functions ....................................................................................193
The `Matrix' group of functions..................................................................................195
The `Polynomial' group of functions...........................................................................202
The `Probability' group of functions ...........................................................................205
Working with Matrices ..................................................................................................209
Working with Lists.........................................................................................................215
Working with Notes & the Notepad...............................................................................217
Independent Notes and the Notepad Catalog ............................................................219
Creating a Note .........................................................................................................220
Working with Sketches ..................................................................................................222
The DRAW menu........................................................................................................223
Copying & Creating aplets on the calculator...................................................................226
Different models use different methods to communicate.............................................227
Sending/Receiving via the infra-red link or cable.......................................................228
Creating a copy of a Standard aplet. .........................................................................230
Some examples of saved aplets ................................................................................232
Storing aplets & notes to the PC .....................................................................................237
Overview ..................................................................................................................237
Software is required to link to a PC ...........................................................................238
Sending from calculator to PC ....................................................................................239
Receiving from PC to calculator..................................................................................244
Aplets from the Internet .................................................................................................245
Using downloaded aplets ..........................................................................................249
Deleting downloaded aplets from the calculator ........................................................250
Capturing screens using the Connectivity Kit ..............................................................251
Editing Notes using the Connectivity Software................................................................252
Programming the hp 39gs & hp 40gs ............................................................................255
The design process ....................................................................................................255
Planning the VIEWS menu .........................................................................................257
The SETVIEWS command ............................................................................................259
Example aplet #1 ? Displaying info............................................................................262
Example aplet #2 ? The Transformer Aplet.................................................................268
Designing aplets on a PC ...........................................................................................270
Example aplet #3 ? Transformer revisited ..................................................................272
Example aplet #4 ? The Linear Explorer aplet ............................................................274
Alternatives to HP Basic Programming ...........................................................................281
Flash ROM .....................................................................................................................284
Programming Commands ..............................................................................................286
The Aplet commands .................................................................................................286
The Branch commands...............................................................................................287
The Drawing commands ............................................................................................289
The Graphics commands ............................................................................................291
The Loop commands ..................................................................................................291
The Matrix commands ...............................................................................................292
The Print commands ..................................................................................................293
The Prompt commands ..............................................................................................294
Appendix A: Some Worked Examples............................................................................298
Finding the intercepts of a quadratic ..........................................................................298
Finding complex solutions to a complex equation ......................................................299
Finding critical points and graphing a polynomial......................................................300
Solving simultaneous equations.................................................................................302
Expanding polynomials .............................................................................................304
Exponential growth ...................................................................................................305
Solution of matrix equations......................................................................................307
Finding complex roots ...............................................................................................308
Complex Roots on the hp 40gs ..................................................................................309
Analyzing vector motion and collisions ......................................................................310
Circular Motion and the Dot Product ..........................................................................311
Inference testing using the Chi2 test............................................................................312
Appendix B: Teaching or Learning Calculus ....................................................................314
Investigating the graphs of y=xn for n an integer ....................................................314
Domains and Composite Functions .............................................................................315
Gradient at a Point ....................................................................................................317
Gradient Function ......................................................................................................318
The Chain Rule...........................................................................................................319
Optimization .............................................................................................................319
Area Under Curves ....................................................................................................320
Fields of Slopes and Curve Families ...........................................................................320
Inequalities................................................................................................................321
Rectilinear Motion......................................................................................................321
Limits.........................................................................................................................321
Piecewise Defined Functions ......................................................................................322
Sequences and Series ................................................................................................322
Transformations of Graphs ........................................................................................323
Appendix C: The CAS on the hp 40gs .............................................................................324
Introduction ...............................................................................................................324
Using the CAS ............................................................................................................327
Examples using the CAS ............................................................................................341
The CAS menus ..........................................................................................................358
On-line help ..............................................................................................................361
Configuring the CAS...................................................................................................362
Tips & Tricks - CAS .....................................................................................................366
2 INTRODUCTION
This book is intended to help you to master your hp 39gs or hp 40gs calculator but will also be useful to users of earlier models such as the hp 39g, hp 40g and hp 39g+. These are very sophisticated calculators, having more capabilities than a mainframe computer of the 1970s, so you should not expect to become an expert in one or two sessions. However, if you persevere you will gain efficiency and confidence.
The hp 39gs vs. the hp 40gs The hp 39gs and hp 40gs, shown above, are `sister' calculators released in 2006. They are identical in almost all respects except for their color schemes and in whether they have infra-red or a CAS. The hp 39gs was released mainly in the United States and other regions, such as Australia, which do not allow a Computer Algebra System, or CAS, in their educational systems. The hp 40gs, on the other hand, was released mainly in Europe where a CAS has long been an expected ability for calculators used by high school students. The hp 39gs has infra-red communication, similar to that of a TV remote control, which allows easy transmission of programs and aplets between calculators. The hp 40gs does not and uses a cable instead.
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Many of the markets targeted by the hp 40gs do not allow infra-red communication in assessments and so, on the hp 40gs, this ability is permanently disabled, substituting instead a mini-serial cable supplied with the calculator (see page 237). The previous models, the hp 39g & hp 40g shared a common chip and, although it was never intended to be possible, a hacker released a special aplet for the hp 39g which would `convert' it into an hp 40g and activate the CAS. This is not the case with the hp 39gs & hp 40gs: the internal chips are different and there is no way to `convert' one into the other using an aplet or program.
For more information on the CAS, see page 324. This manual will cover, for the most part, the features which are shared by both calculators with the CAS covered in Appendix C. A detailed manual for the CAS is also supplied with the hp 40gs and more information can be found on the official HP website and on the author's website The HP HOME view at .
The majority of readers of this manual may only have used a Scientific calculator before so explanations are as complete as possible. However it is not the purpose of this book to teach mathematics and knowledge will largely be assumed. Those already familiar with another brand or type of calculator may find a quick skim sufficient, concentrating perhaps on the `Expert User' chapters.
This book provides a supplement to the official manual and, more importantly, expert tips to make your work smother and more confident. It has been designed to cover the full use of the hp 39gs and hp 40gs calculators. This means explanations which will be useful to anyone from a student who is just beginning to use algebra seriously, to one who is coming to grips with advanced calculus, and also to a teacher who is already familiar with some other brand of graphic calculator.
The impact graphical calculators are having on the topics taught and even more, the way they are taught is proving to be profound. The inventiveness and flexibility of teachers of mathematics is being stretched to the limit as we gradually change the face of teaching in the light of these machines. For those concerned with the impact of a graphical calculator on the `fundamentals' of mathematics, it should be recalled that the same fears were held for scientific calculators when they were introduced to schools. History has shown that these fears were generally groundless. Students are learning topics in high school that their parents did not cover until university years. In particular, the scientific calculator proved to be a great boon to students of middle to lower ability in mathematics, relieving them of the burden of tedious calculations and allowing them to concentrate on the concepts. It is my opinion, as a practicing mathematics teacher of some 25 years, that this is also the case with graphical calculators.
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