California Dyslexia Guidelines - California Department of ...

California

Dyslexia

Guidelines

California Department of Education

Sacramento, 2017

(Last Modi?ed December 2018)

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California

Dyslexia

Guidelines

California Department of Education

Sacramento, 2017

(Last Modi?ed December 2018)

Publishing Information

California Dyslexia Guidelines was prepared under the direction of the Special

Education Division of the California Department of Education (CDE). This

publication was edited by John McLean, working in cooperation with Allison

Smith, Special Education Consultant, Policy and Program Services Unit, CDE

Special Education Division. The document was prepared for publication by the

staff of CDE Press; Aristotle Ramirez created the cover and interior design. It

was published by the Department of Education, 1430 N Street, Sacramento, CA

95814, and was distributed under the provisions of the Library Distribution Act

and Government Code Section 11096.

? 2017 by the California Department of Education

All rights reserved

ISBN: 978-0-8011-1783-1

Notice

The guidance in California Dyslexia Guidelines is not binding on local educational

agencies or other entities. Except for the statutes, regulations, and court

decisions that are referenced herein, the document is exemplary, and

compliance with it is not mandatory. (See Education Code Section 33308.5.)

Additional Publications and Educational Resources

For information about publications and educational resources available from

the California Department of Education, please visit the CDE¡¯s Educational

Resources Catalog page or call the CDE Press sales office at 1-800-995-4099.

Contents

A Message from the State Superintendent of Public Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

Chapter 1: A Twenty-First-Century Definition of Dyslexia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Chapter 2: The Neuroscience of Dyslexia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Chapter 3: Dyslexia as a Language-Learning Disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Chapter 4: Characteristics of Dyslexia by Age Group¡ªStrengths and Weaknesses . . . . . . . . . . 14

Chapter 5: Socioemotional Factors of Dyslexia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24

Chapter 6: When the Concern May Not Be Dyslexia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Chapter 7: Dyslexia in English Learners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33

Chapter 8: Pre-Service and In-Service Preparation for Educators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38

Chapter 9: Screening and Assessment for Dyslexia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Chapter 10: Special Education and 504 Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

59

Chapter 11: Effective Approaches for Teaching Students with Dyslexia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Chapter 12: Assistive Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75

Chapter 13: Information for Parents and Guardians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Chapter 14: Frequently Asked Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Appendix A: Assessment Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Appendix B: Assistive Technology Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Appendix C: Legal Citations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Appendix D: Long Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

112

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

116

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