Documents & Reports - All Documents | The World Bank
Environmental Management Framework (EMF) Report E4138v3
For
Agricultural Research And Technology Support (ARTS) Project
FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
Submitted to the World Bank
GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE
April 18, 2013
Table of Contents
Content Page
Acronyms/Abbreviations..........................................................................................................4
Glossary......................................................................................................................................7
| EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
|Introduction.....................................................................................................................9 |
|The Target Group and the Guiding Principles of the Project....................................... .9 |
|Purpose of the study........................................................................................................9 |
|Project Implementation area...........................................................................................10 |
|Project Components........................................................................................................10 |
|Major Environmental Concepts of the Project................................................................11 |
|Need for Preparing the Environmental Management Framework (EMF) ...................11 |
|Expected Positive & Adverse Impact of the Project.......................................................12 |
|Significant Findings and Major Environmental Impacts with their Scale & Scope .... .12 |
|Actions Suggested for Studying The Environmental Impacts ..................................... .15 |
|Outcome of the Study.....................................................................................................15 |
1. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................17
|1.1 Background and Prologue ............................................................................................17 |
|1.2 Current Scenario and the Need for The ARTS Project ................................................18 |
|1.3 Opportunities Created Through New Policies & NATP Lessons Learnt .....................18 |
|1.4 Terms of Reference.......................................................................................................19 |
|1.5 Methodology..................................................................................................................19 |
|1.6 Scope of Services of Environment Specialist................................................................20 |
|1.7 Contents of the EMF......................................................................................................20 |
|1.8 Expected Outputs of the Study.....................................................................................21 |
2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BACKGROUND................21
|2.1 Purpose of the Project................................................................................................... 21 |
|2.2 Project Implementation Area......................................................................................... 21 |
|2.3 Geo-Physical & Climatic Features of the New Districts............................................... 21 |
|2.4 Project Components...................................................................................................... 22 |
|2.4.1 Component 1 - Agricultural Research....................................................................... 22 |
|2.4.2 Component 2 -Technology Adoption..........................................................................22 |
|2.4.3 Component 3 - Supply Chain Development............................................................... 24 |
|2.4.4 Component 4 - Project Support and Coordination..................................................... 24 |
|2.5 Major Environmental Concepts of the Project...............................................................25 |
|2.6 Need for Preparing the Environment Management Framework (EMF) ........................25 |
|2.7 Objectives of the EMF....................................................................................................26 |
3. ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL
ISSUES..............................................................................................................................28
|3.1 Anticipated Environmental Issues In The Subprojects of The ARTS Project..............28 |
|3.2 Subproject Exclusions ....................................................................................................29 |
|3.3 State of The Environmental Resources and Relevant Issues In The |
| Country at Large and in the Target Areas of The Project……………………………...29 |
|3.3.1 Physiographic and Land-use Pattern of Bangladesh……………………………...29 |
|3.3.2 Hydrology…………………………………………………………………………30 |
|3.3.3 Ground Water…………………………………………………………………….30 |
|3.3.4 Ecology……………………………………………………………………………31 |
|3.3.5 Environmentally and Ecologically Sensitive Areas………………………………32 |
|3.3.6 Physiographical, Ecological and Soil Characteristics of the Project Areas………32 |
4. Environmental issues in the ARTS Project: Baseline information on broad agriculture
|4.1 Agricultural Research…………………………………………………………………33 |
|4.1.1 Loss of Crop Biodiversity………………………………………………………..33 |
|4.1.2 Pest infestation…………………………………………………………………...34 |
|4.1.3 Arsenic Contamination…………………………………………………………..34 |
|4.1.4 High Input Requiring Varieties…………………………………………………..36 |
|4.1.5 Occurrence of Drought…………………………………………………………...36 |
|4.1.6 Sea Level Rise Due to Global Warming…………………………………………36 |
|4.2 Agricultural Extension………………………………………………………………...37 |
|4.2.1 Soil Degradation…………………………………………………………………37 |
|4.2.2 Contamination through Pesticides………………………………………………37 |
|4.2.3 Decline in Soil Fertility…………………………………………………………..37 |
|4.2.4 Soil Salinity………………………………………………………………………37 |
|4.2.5 Pest Infestation…………………………………………………………………...38 |
|4.2.6 Health Hazards from Agro-Chemical Handling…………………………………38 |
|4.2.7 Loss of Fish Biodiversity………………………………………………………..38 |
|4.2.8 Air Pollution from Poultry and Dairy Farms……………………………………38 |
|4.2.9 Siltation of canals and inefficient irrigation water management……………….38 |
|4.2.10 Introduction of Exotic species…………………………………………………39 |
5. REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND OTHER
RELEVANT LEGISLATION.....................................................................................................................39
|5.1 Bangladesh Legal Framework………………………………………………………...39 |
|5.2 Environmental Guidelines for Projects in Bangladesh……………………………….41 |
|5.3 International Obligations……………………………………………………………...42 |
|5.4 World Bank Guidelines……………………………………………………………….42 |
|5.4.1 Major Mitigation Measures to be implemented under The ARTS Project……....43 |
|5.4.2 Pest Management Safeguard Policy (OP 4.09)………………………………….44 |
|5.5 Review of Current Practices in Similar Activities……………………………………45 |
6. SUBPROJECT PREPARATION, APPROVAL AND MONITORING....................45
|6.1 Subproject Document Preparation……………………………………………………46 |
|6.2 Appraisal and Approval……………………………………………………………….47 |
|6.3 Disclosure of Subproject Information………………………………………………...48 |
|6.4 Monitoring of Project Activities………………………………………………………48 |
|6.4.1 Annual Reviews………………………………………………………………….48 |
|6.4.2 Annual Reports…………………………………………………………………..49 |
7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT……..............................................................49
|7.1 Environmental Management in Subprojects………………………………………….49 |
|7.2 Pest Management……………………………………………………………………...50 |
|7.3 Protected Areas, Natural Habitats and Forests………………………………………51 |
|7.4 Safety of Dams………………………………………………………………………..51 |
|7.5 Project Coordination and Implementation……………………………………………52 |
|7.5.1 Organizational Structure…………………………………………………………52 |
|7.5.2 Responsibility Allocation Framework…………………………………………..52 |
|7.6 Grievance Redress…………………………………………………………………….53 |
|7.7 Construction of office or other facilities………………………………………………54 |
|7.8 Arsenic Testing………………………………………………………………………..54 |
8. CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING..............................................................54
|8.1 Institutional Capacity Assessment…………………………………………………….54 |
|8.2 Capacity Building……………………………………………………………………..54 |
|8.3 Training Needs and Plans……………………………………………………………..56 |
|8.4 Resources for Capacity Building……………………………………………………...58 |
9. CONSULTATION……………………………………………………………………….58
10. BUDGET…………………………………………………………………………………58
11. ANNEXES..........................................................................................................................60
|Annex 1: References.......................................................................................................................61 |
|Annex 2: Environmental Management Forms.................................................................................62 |
|Annex 3: Outline of LEA Contents: Environmental Impacts, Mitigation Measures and |
| Monitoring In Sub-Projects……………………………………………………………..68 |
|Annex 4: Reports on Consultations with Stakeholders and Potential Beneficiaries……………...73 |
|Annex 5: List of Banned Pesticides in Bangladesh........................................................................84 |
|Annex 6: Environmental Guidelines for Contractors......................................................................87 |
|Annex 7: Detailed environmental management mechanism for each PIU and indicative budget..88 |
|Annex 8: List of Tables.................................................................................................................124 |
| |
ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS
|AEO |Agriculture Extension Officer |
|APR |Annual Progress Report |
|AR |Audit Report |
|ARTS |Agricultural Research and Technology Support |
|BADC |Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation |
|BAEC | Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission |
|BARC |Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council |
|BARI |Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute |
|BFRI |Bangladesh Forestry Research Institute |
|BINA |Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture |
|BJRI |Bangladesh Jute Research Institute |
|BLRI |Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute |
|BP |Best Practice |
|BRAC |Previously NGO named Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee: Now it is the Brand name of that NGO |
|BRRI |Bangladesh Rice Research Institute |
|BSRI |Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute |
|BRTA |Bangladesh Road Transport Authority |
|BTRI |Bangladesh Tea Research Institute |
|BWDB |Bangladesh Water Development Board |
|CDD |Community Driven Development |
|CF |Community Facilitators |
|CG |Community Group |
|CIG |Common Interest Group |
|CSO |Community Support Organizations |
|DAE |Department of Agricultural Extension |
|DLS |Directorate of Livestock Services |
|DOE |Department of Environment |
|DOF |Department of Fisheries |
|DPHE |Department of Public Health Engineering |
|EA |Environmental Assessment |
|ECA |Environmental Conservation Act |
|ECR |Environmental Conservation Rules |
|EIA |Environmental Impact Assessment |
|EIE |Environmental Impact Evaluation |
|EMF |Environmental Management Framework |
|EMP |Environmental Management Plan |
|EPo |Environmental Policy |
|ER |Environmental Review |
|ES |Environmental Screening |
|ESA |Environmentally Sensitive Area |
|ESMF |Environmental and Social Management Framework |
|FAO |Food and Agriculture Organization |
|FIAC |Farmers’ Information and Advice Centers |
|FRI |Fisheries Research Institute |
|GMO |Genetically Modified Organisms |
|GoB |Government of Bangladesh |
|GP |Good Practice |
|HSE |Health, Safety and Environmental risk |
|IAPP |Integrated Agricultural Productivity Project |
|IEE |Initial Environmental Examination |
|IP |Indigenous People |
|IPM |Integrated Pest Management |
|IPNM |Integrated Pest and Nutrient Management |
|IPNS |Integrated Plant Nutrient System |
|IPP |Indigenous Peoples’ Plan |
|IUCN |International Union for Conservation of Nature |
|LEA |Limited Environmental Assessment |
|LEAF |Local Extension Agent For Fisheries |
|LGD |Local Government Division |
|LGED |Local Government Engineering Department |
|LGSP |Local Government Support Project |
|LLP |Low Lift Pump |
|M&E |Monitoring and Evaluation |
|MDG |Millennium Development Goal |
|MIS |Management Information System |
|MOA |Ministry of Agriculture |
|MoEF |Ministry of Environment and Forest |
|MOI |Ministry of Industry |
|MoLF |Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries |
|MoLGRDC |Ministry Of Local Government, Rural Development and Co-Operatives |
|NARS |National Agricultural Research System |
|NATP |National Agricultural Technology Project |
|NCS |National Conservation Strategy |
|NEMAP |National Environmental Management Action Plan |
|NGO |Non-Governmental Organization |
|ODs |Operational Directives (of the World Bank) |
|OM |Operational Manual (of the World Bank) |
|OP |Operational Policies (of the World Bank) |
|PAST |Project Appraisal and Supervision Team |
|PDO |Project Development Objective |
|PMC |Project Management Committee |
|PMP |Pest Management Plan |
|PCU |Project Coordination Unit |
|PO |Participating (Partner) Organization |
|PSC |Project Supervision Committee |
|PTC |Project Technical Coordinator |
|RAP |Resettlement Action Plan |
|RPF |Resettlement Policy Framework |
|PIU |Project Implementation Unit |
|RR |Review Report |
|SAAO |Sub-Assistant Agriculture Officer |
|SAPPO |Sub-Assistant Plant Protection Officer |
|SCA |Seed Certification Agency |
|SDF |Social Development Foundation |
|SGA |Seed Growers’ Association |
|SIPP |Social Investment Program Project |
|SRDI |Soil Resources Development Institute |
|STW |Shallow Tube Well |
|TNA |Training Needs Assessment |
|TOT |Training of Trainers |
|UFO |Upazila Fisheries Officers |
|UNDP |United Nations Development Program |
|UNO |Upazila Nirbahi Officer (Executive Officer at the Upazila) |
|UP |Union Parishad |
|UAO |Upazila Agricultural Officer |
|URT |Upazila Resource Team |
|UZ |Upazila |
|VDC |Village Development Committee |
|WB |World Bank |
|WQS |Water Quality Standard |
GLOSSARY
Adverse impact is an environmental impact that is harmful to human interest over either the short or long term.
Beneficial impact is an impact that improves the resources, economy, and / or quality of life.
Biodiversity (biological diversity) is the variety of species within a given area or region.
Bounding is the process of determining special and temporal boundaries within which environmental impacts will be assessed.
Compensation is payment in cash or kind to the recipients of unavoidable negative and /or residual impact.
Cumulative impacts are environmental impact that results from actions that are added to others of the past, present and foreseeable future, caused by multiple human activities and /or natural elements that are either repeated or occur in combination.
Conservation is the preservation of natural resources so as to maintain supplies and qualities at levels sufficient to meet present and anticipated needs.
Critical habitats are areas of land and water required for the survival of a plant or animal population.
Ecosystem (ecological system) is a marine, freshwater or terrestrial linkage of dynamic and interactive components normally divided into two major categories (i) biotic (living) (ii) abiotic (non-living).
Enhancement is increasing the benefits of the positive impacts of a project.
Environment is the totally of the natural and human surroundings and includes biophysical components of the natural environment of land, water and air encompassing all layers of the atmosphere, all inorganic and organic matter both living and dead; and socio-economic components of the human environment including social, economic, administrative, cultural, historical, archeological, human health, nutrition and safety aspects as well as land and associated resources, structures and sites.
Environmental impact is a change in the state or functioning of an environmental resource or components caused by actions of a project. It should be distinguished from the impact to resources or components caused by natural factor, e.g., floods.
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is the systematic study, assessment and reporting of the impacts of a proposed program, plan or project, including a plan to deal with the negative impacts.
Environmental management plan (EMP) is a plan to undertake an array of follow-up activities to provide for the mitigation of adverse environmental impacts and enhancement of beneficial impacts.
Habitat is the division of the environment having a certain combination of physical (e.g., slope, drainage, soil type) and biological (e.g, food) factors necessary for sustainable animal, plant or human use and survival.
Important environmental components (IECs) are components which, by virtue of their importance to ecosystem functioning, production of food and/or maintenance of livelihoods and quality of life, are considered essential and worthy of sustaining at existing or enhanced levels under the proposed new project.
Indicator is an organism or physical feature that by its presence, absence or abundance indicates a particular property of the surrounding environment.
Initial environment examination (IEE) is the environmental assessment undertaken for a regional or pre-feasibility level study for identifying and assessing possible environmental impacts.
Intervention is the specific action caused by a project that creates an environmental impact, e.g., obstruction of a drainage canal by embankment.
Mitigation is any action taken to reduce unacceptable negative impacts. It includes design changes in both the project or its operational strategies.
Planktons are microorganism in water, including plants (phytoplankton) and animals (zooplankton).
Residual impacts are those environmental impacts that remain after application of mitigation measures and practically cannot be overcome.
Reversible impact is an environmental impact that recovers either through natural process or with human assistance.
Scoping is a process whereby the important environmental components, project development issues and concerns of local communities are determined.
Sustainable development is development that ensures preservation and enhancement of environmental quality and resource abundance to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT PROJECT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. INTRODUCTION
Bangladesh has made considerable progress in economic growth as well as in many human development indicators. The country’s agricultural sector, specially the crop sector has shown phenomenal growth during the last four decades from independence. Despite this progress in its fight against poverty, the country has still a long way to go if the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of reducing poverty has to be achieved (i.e. bringing poverty down to 29% by 2015). Under the present situation, bulk of this economic growth has to come from the agriculture sector which is still the largest contributor to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Agriculture including crops, livestock and fisheries and the rural non-farm sector taken together account for 56% of the GDP.
Despite this significant achievement in the agriculture sector, the country is still faced with some daunting challenges for agricultural production. There are: extremely poverty-stricken areas and widespread incidence of malnutrition in agro-ecologically disadvantaged and economically depressed areas. Some of these regions are prone to yearly risk of natural calamities and vulnerability to forecast climate change patterns, and above all, there are large areas with unfavorable agricultural environments like tidal surge, drought, flood, salinity etc. These unfavorable environments are invariably contributing to the chronic poverty vis-a-vis food insecurity. These climatic settings together with the socio-economic and environmental demands, call for a paradigm shift in the agricultural extension of the country. Consequently, a well coordinated research, extension and management intervention in such areas are pre-requisites to increased production and poverty alleviation in the country (MOA, 1999).
The Government of Bangladesh is, therefore, in the process of embarking upon an Agricultural Research and Technology Support (ARTS) Project for these affected areas with financial assistance from the World Bank.
2. THE TARGET GROUP AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF THE PROJECT
The target group is the farmers of the selected districts comprising mainly crop farmers, livestock farmers and fish farmers of marginal (operated area of 0.05 to 0.49 acre of land) and small (operated area of 0.50 to 2.49 acres) category. Moreover, around 25% of the beneficiaries are being women farmers. The guiding principle of the ARTS Project operations will be to strengthen community empowerment through “demonstration type” extension system. This approach is expected to be highly fruitful since a marginal or small farmer of such an economically backward status, with his/her meagre resources, all alone, is usually not considered in the realm of agricultural development endeavours.
3. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this study, in essence, is to provide clear and systematic guidelines and to ensure that environmental sustainability of ARTS Project–funded sub-projects is achieved through safeguard measures during project implementation.
4. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AREA
The ARTS Project activities supporting agricultural research will be national in scope, whereas investments in extension and supply chain development will be implemented in 22 Districts and 106 Upazilas in 4 Divisions of the country. Some of these districts coincide with the National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) implementation area, while others move into new areas, which are climatically distressed areas, particularly in the south, mid-South and mid-North of the country. The six new Districts under the ARTS Project (Gopalgonj, Madaripur, Shariatpur, Magura, Bhola and Sirajgonj Districts) have a total of 30 Upazilas.
5. PROJECT COMPONENTS
The ARTS project will finance Research, Extension And Supply Chain Development through sub-projects, demonstrations, and training. Activities will emphasize low-risk, high reward investments targeting resource-constrained, small and marginal farmers.
The Project has four components :
Component 1 - Agricultural Research: This component will enhance the efficiency
and effectiveness of the national agricultural research system. This is a grants-based activity that
is national in scope, and funds will flow through 2 windows:
• Competitive Grants Program (CGP) will finance collaborative short-and medium-term applied and adaptive research by public, private, civil society, and academic institutions.
• Sponsored Public Goods Research (SPGR) will support long-term strategic cross cutting research on production and improvement of critical crops and will support research programs on disaster management, ICT, livestock, farm machinery, post-harvest technology, farming systems, and other issues in farm management and agricultural production.
Component 2 -Technology Adoption:
This component will support the farmers to sustainably adopt improved agricultural (crops, livestock and fisheries) production technologies and management practices by enhancing farmers’ knowledge and skills base, improving availability of appropriate crop varieties / livestock breeds at farmers’ level, strengthening extension-farmer linkages and augmenting – as appropriate - their productive assets and social capital base.
Component 3 - Supply Chain Development: This component will try to increase and diversify sources of income for small and marginal farmers by identifying local, national, and international markets for producers and facilitating the services that will help them access those markets on a competitive footing. Under NATP, this component was limited to 10 districts. The ARTS Project funds will enable expanded outreach to additional six districts and scaling up of the existing good practices.
Component 4 - Project Support and Coordination: This component will monitor and evaluate investment activities and increase communication throughout the agriculture research, development, and extension system. It will also finance special studies related to the project objectives. The Project Coordination Unit (PCU) for the National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) will assume the responsibility of overall coordination for implementation of grant activities.
Activities to be financed under this component:
Operating under the overall guidance of the PCU, the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) will be responsible for: detailed planning and implementation of all project activities within the respective Regions; coordination with relevant implementing line departments and agencies; preparing annual regional plans; guiding District, Upazila and Union level staff of the DAE, DOF, DLS and form teams of implementing agencies to work in accordance with the spirit and principles of the project; monitoring and supervising the work being done in the field; maintaining appropriate records and accounts; ensuring due attention to safeguards issues; and ensuring appropriate governance and accountability through management of a suitable grievance redress system.
6. MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONCEPTS OF THE PROJECT
The main environmental concerns of the proposed project include management of agrochemicals, pesticides most importantly, and stress on water resources. The Environmental Management Framework (EMF) provides guidance on the approaches to be taken during Project Preparation and Implementation. This framework should be consistent with the Government of Bangladesh’s environmental laws and associated regulations as well as with the World Bank safeguard policies.
7. NEED FOR PREPARING THE ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (EMF)
Most of the sub-projects under the Proposed Project are not expected to lead to significant or irreversible environmental impacts on human populations or environmentally important areas but very minor impacts are expected. Therefore, the overall environmental category of the ARTS Project has been determined to be ‘B’ and World Bank Operational Policies on Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01), and Pest Management (OP 4.09) will be triggered for this project. In order to avoid potentially adverse environmental impacts, these policies will be used for assessing potential environmental problems and determining mitigation measures. As the details of all the subprojects are not known at this time of project preparation, an Environmental Management Framework (EMF) is required for this Project. All proposed requests for funding of sub-projects will be subject to environmental screening in order to:
a) prevent execution of subprojects with significant negative environmental impacts;
b) decrease potential negative impacts, if any through adaptations in design, location or execution;
c) prevent or mitigate negative cumulative impacts;
d) enhance the positive impacts of subprojects; and,
e) prevent additional stress on environmentally sensitive areas.
The EMF is expected to :
• Assist the implementing agency in identifying the potential environmental, occupational health and safety issues in the proposed ARTS project.
• Ensure that neither the proposed agriculture research, field adaptations, and supply chain development nor the existing environment is compromised in any way through the project intervention.
• Suggest mitigation / compensation measures for any negative environmental impact that may emerge from the project interventions, and, also
• Recommend measures to enhance environmental outcomes of the activities to be implemented under the project.
8. EXPECTED POSITIVE AND ADVERSE IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT
The EMF, focuses on the likely adverse impacts which might result through project implementation. The EMF is, therefore, developed for producing a mechanism to identify the key environmental impacts and to screen subprojects on the basis of these impacts. The essential objective is to minimize possible risks and to mitigate them to the tolerable extent. The framework will act as a guideline for more sub-project specific Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) to be prepared at the sub-project formulation stage as well as for assisting the ARTS Project consortia to comply with the plethora of national laws and regulations commensurate with the relevant International Obligations and World Bank Safeguards on environmental issues.
The potential environmental impacts that can arise out of the components of the Proposed ARTS Project are shown in Table A. However, for most of the activities of ARTS Project, these impacts would not be significant. Mitigation measures against most of the impacts are possible, both at the sub-project development stages as well as the implementation stages, and these will be identified by the consortia from among the suggestive measures provided in the EMF as well as through constant advice from the PCU/PIU and Project Steering Committee's (PSC's) Advisory Committees.
9. SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS AND MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
WITH THEIR SCALE AND SCOPE
The operational policy OP 4.01of the World Bank requires environmental assessment (EA) of
projects proposed for financing by WB to help ensure that these are environmentally sound and sustainable. The Bank favors preventive measures over mitigatory or compensatory measures, whenever feasible. World Bank funded projects that may have environmental impacts prepare Environmental Assessments (EA) and Environmental Management Plans (EMP) to analyze and deal with environmental issues.
The major expected environmental impacts of the Project include increased use of pesticides, imbalanced fertilizer application as well as stress on surface and ground water resources as a result of development / introduction of new crop varieties in addition to enhanced extension activities of the DAE through project support including supply of inputs like seeds of improved varieties, fertilizers, irrigation etc.
The likely scale and scope of increased pesticide usage by the farmers in the project could be quite large leading to subsequent environmental and health risks as well as degradation of soil quality through imbalanced use of fertilizers. However, these potential environmental impacts will be minimized through use of screening procedures and checklists provided and organizing intensive training of extension workers on mitigation measures and Integrated Pest Management (IPM).[1]
Since investments are not currently specified at this stage, the EMP will take the form of an Environmental Management Framework which will focus on developing the processes needed to environmentally manage the project.
This study report outlines how the Environmental Assessment (EA) and the Environmental Management Framework (EMF) were developed.
Table A: Environmental Impact Identification in Various ARTS Project Activities
|Impact |Crops |Vegetable |
| |Cultivation (HYVs, |Harvesting & |Transportation & |Farm production |Harvesting & |Transportation & |
| |HV crops, crop |storage of |processing |(HYVs, Hybrids) |storage |processing |
| |Diversification |produce | | | | |
|Stress on water resources |√ | |√ |√ | | |
|Increased salinity / Land |√ | | |√ | | |
|degradation | | | | | | |
|Soil & Ground water |√ | | |√ | | |
|contamination (due to use of | | | | | | |
|pesticides etc) | | | | | | |
|Eutrophication & impact on |√ | | |√ | | |
|aquatic fauna | | | | | | |
|Health & safety |√ | |√ |√ |√ |√ |
|Pesticide / insecticides |√ |√ | |√ |√ | |
|residues in food chain | | | | | | |
|Disposal of |√ | | |√ | | |
|Pesticide/fertilizer | | | | | | |
|containers | | | | | | |
|Bio-diversity loss (Plant / |√ | | |√ | | |
|Animal) | | | | | | |
|Increase in crop / Plant |√ | | |√ | | |
|vulnerabilities (crop | | | | | | |
|failures) | | | | | | |
|Impacts on natural habitat |√ | | |√ | | |
|Loss of soil fertility |√ | | |√ | | |
|Air quality |√ |√ | | |√ | |
|(construction/ operation) | | | | | | |
|Surface water quality |√ | | |√ | | |
|Ground water stress |√ | | |√ | | |
Table A: Environmental Impact Identification in Various ARTS Project Activities
|Impact |Livestock |Fisheries |Water Management |
| |Development & |Storage, |Aquaculture & |Storage, |Development of |
| |production |transportation, |fishing (inland, |transportation, |irrigation systems |
| | |processing, |riverine) |processing, | |
| | |packaging, marketing | |packaging, marketing | |
|Stress on water resources |√ | |√ | |√ |
|Increased salinity / Land | | | | |√ |
|degradation | | | | | |
|Soil & Ground water contamination | | |√ | | |
|(due to use of pesticides etc) | | | | | |
|Eutrophication & impact on aquatic | | | | | |
|fauna | | | | | |
|Health & safety |√ |√ |√ |√ | |
|Pesticide / insecticides residues | |√ | |√ | |
|in food chain | | | | | |
|Disposal of Pesticide/fertilizer | | | | | |
|containers | | | | | |
|Bio-diversity loss (Plant / Animal)|√ | | | | |
|Increase in crop / Plant | | | | | |
|vulnerabilities (crop failures) | | | | | |
|Impacts on natural habitat |√ | |√ | |√ |
|Loss of soil fertility | | | | | |
|Air quality (construction/ | |√ | |√ |√ |
|operation) | | | | | |
|Surface water quality |√ | |√ | |√ |
|Ground water stress |√ | |√ | |√ |
10. ACTIONS SUGGESTED FOR STUDYING THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
The actions suggested for studying the Environmental Impacts include :
➢ Establishment of methodologies for environmental impact assessment procedure within the sub-project cycle;
➢ Assessment of the potential environmental impacts of the proposed project, be it positive or negative, and proposing mitigation measures to address the impacts;
➢ Providing information to the stakeholders about the potential environmental impacts on project implementation as well as relevant mitigation measures and their strategies; and
➢ Highlighting the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedures.
To achieve the above actions of EMF, the sub-projects will have to follow the environment screening process using the National EIA Guidelines and procedures as well as the WB’s Safeguard Policies stipulated in the Operation manual OP 4.01 and GP 4.01. These are explained in the study report following the procedure outlined below:
• Review the environmental assessment exercises from secondary sources and documents of similar projects as well as interact with local officials and beneficiaries.
• Learn innovative approaches, alternative mechanisms and strategies which have proved useful in other projects in the targeted areas.
• Collect primary data/opinion of scientists and officials of the research institutes and extension departments of agriculture, livestock and fisheries posted in the districts through discussion and interview.
• Conduct Rapid Census and Consultation meetings with some prospective project beneficiaries and other stakeholders to obtain their considered view and suggestions about any potential environmental hazards which might occur due to the implementation of the project.
11. OUTCOME OF THE STUDY
1) Developed an EMF by working closely with the personnel of the project implementing agencies, the first step being the assessment of the current conditions and identification of the environmental issues in the sub-projects based on site visits and consultations. The EMF preparation included an Environmental Assessment (EA) of the potential activities of the project and an Environmental Management Plan (EMP).
2) The EMF was developed to ensure that the proposed Agricultural Research, Technology Adoptions and the Supply Chain Development activities nor the existing environment is compromised in any way through the project implementation.
3) Developed environmental, health and safety guidelines for the farmers engaged in crop, livestock and fish farming utilizing the WB’s Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines.
4) Suggested specific plans or implementation mechanisms to address relevant environmental issues and potential impacts.
5) The implementing agencies have been advised to review the proposed project components, their purposes and objectives as well as to compare them in terms of their relative impacts on the various environmental indicators. Depending on the result of comparison, any of the components or approaches of a component may need modification or alteration.
6) Recommendations have been made for developing a monitoring and evaluation plan using the results of Environmental Assessment and Workshop resolutions.
7) Recommended for establishment of a limited set of monitoring indicators (both qualitative and quantitative) to track the progress achieved.
8) Suggestion was made to develop a workplan for imparting necessary training to the extension staff who will, in turn, train/advice the farmers on environment management in various activities like demonstration of improved varieties/breeds of crops/fish/livestock etc, irrigation management, use of balanced fertilizers in fish rearing and crop production, safe handling and optimum use of pesticides etc.
9) Suggested mitigation/compensation measures for any negative environmental impact that may emerge through the project interventions.
Bangladesh Agricultural Research and Technology (ARTS) Project
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background and Prologue
Bangladesh has made considerable progress in economic growth as well in many human development indicators. The country’s agricultural sector, specially the crop sector has shown phenomenal growth during the last four decades from independence. In 1971-72 the population was 75 million and the rice deficit was 1.2 million tons but the country attained near self-sufficiency in food grain in 2000 for a population of 140 million[2]. While only 11,000,000 tons of rice, the staple food, was produced in 1971-72, it became about 34,000,000 tons in 2011, when the population was about 150 million and there was almost no import of rice. Despite this progress in its fight against poverty, the country has still a long way to go if the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of reducing poverty down to 29% by 2015 is to be achieved[3]. An estimated annual income growth rate of 6 to 7 percent will be required on a sustained basis to achieve this goal. Under the present situation, bulk of this growth has to come from the agriculture sector which is still the largest contributor to the GDP. Agriculture including crops, vegetable, livestock and fisheries and the rural non-firm sector taken together account for 56% of the GDP.
Despite this significant achievements in the agriculture sector , the country is still faced with some daunting challenges. It is indeed a discouraging fact that the average agricultural growth rate of 3.1% during the 1980-2000 period has declined to below 2% during recent years[4]. This is an alarming challenge in the face of declining cultivable land area of about 1% per year and an increase in population of 1.6 million per year. There are extremely poverty-striken areas and incidence of malnutrition is widespread in many other areas. In addition, there are regions with almost yearly risk of natural calamities and vulnerability to forecast climate change patterns, and above all, there are very large areas with unfavourable agricultural environments like tidal surge, drought, flood, salinity etc. These unfavorable environments are invariably contributing to chronic poverty vis-a-vis food insecurity.
The above-mentioned geo-physical and climatic setting together with the socio-economic and environmental demands call for a paradigm shift in Agricultural Extension for the country [5].
The National Agricultural Policy (NAP)[6] identified inadequacy and slow expansion of modern technologies, inadequate of inputs and shortcomings in adopted policies of input supplies to farmers. Although more than a decade has passed, mismanagement with most of the inputs including technologies still exists in terms of timely availability, adequate quantity and appropriate quality[7].
Therefore, a well coordinated and integrated research, extension and management intervention in such agro-ecologically disadvantaged and economically depressed areas are pre-requisites to increased production and poverty alleviation.
Small and marginal farms are rice-dominated for ensuring family food security for at least part of the year. Diversification of cropping system, therefore, would require higher yield of other crops to meet financial competitiveness. The productivity of rice and other crops is low and there are large yield gaps between the farmer’s field and research trials. The same is, more or less, true for other agricultural commodities such as fisheries and livestock. Diversification of agricultural production systems to high value commodities is still quite slow with very little post harvest value addition. These constraints need to be removed through increasing and diversifying sources of income for the small and marginal farmers by improving the supply chain and by identification of local, national and international markets for them as well as facilitating the services that will help their access to those markets on a competitive footing.
1.2 Current Scenario and the Need for the Agricultural Research & Technology Project
The Government of Bangladesh is, therefore, in the process of embarking upon an Agricultural Research and Technology Support (ARTS) Project with financial assistance from the World Bank.
Agricultural production in the Districts selected for this project is constrained in multiple ways: Technologies adapted to the relevant agro-ecologies are not available to farmers; even in the case of currently cropped varieties, non-availability of improved crop varieties and livestock / fish breeds and effective extension support, lowers their productivity below achievable potential; reduce productivity, diversity and intensity of agricultural production. The proposed Agricultural Research and Technology (ARTS) Project aims to enhance agricultural productivity on a sustainable basis in the selected areas by addressing these constraints in an integrated way through its three technical components.
Reaching improved technologies to the farmers requires technology generation and dissemination through the research and extension systems prevailing in a country. Since both research and extension remain in the public sector in Bangladesh, the public sector must continue to play a leading role in agricultural research and extension. However, the agencies related to research and extension have shortcomings in terms of human resources, reorientation, redirection, rationalizing and networking among themselves. As a result, these organizations are still very weak and are ill-prepared to meet the emerging challenges[8]. The National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC) has improved some shortcomings during the last four years and, hence, policies undertaken through NATP need further expansion. The proposed ARTS Project is highly relevant because it is expected to achieve much of these requirements.
1.3 Opportunities Created through New Policies & NATP Lessons Learnt
The amended Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council Act 2012[9] institutionalizes the BARC's role to : (a) Pursue excellence in research by building research infrastructure and human resource capacity, (b) Set the priority and agenda for Agricultural Research, and (c) Have greater control over resource generation and management -- as recommended in a pre NATP study[10]. On the other hand, the newly adopted National Agricultural Extension Policy (2012)[11] explicitly recognizes the need for local institutions and farmers organizations to expedite the dissemination of appropriate technologies to farmers and to encourage their speedy adoption. It also emphasizes mobilization and development of Common Interest Groups (CIG) of farmers working together for demonstrating newer and improved technologies. This approach, implemented by the NATP, is praiseworthy since a typical Bangladeshi farmer, all alone, with his/her meager resources is, in essence, a misfit in the realm of agricultural development endeavors. Organizing the farmers into a loose but well-knit system seems to holding the key to sustainable rural development. NATP experience in this line of extensive farmer participation has been acclaimed quite loudly by various quarters.
1.4 Terms of Reference
This EMF has been drafted in the light of the accumulated local experience. The document includes a negative list of subprojects and assessment of the existing legal framework, addressing any gaps between Government and World Bank policies, and includes practical environmental codes of practice, mitigation principles and procedures for environmental enhancement of subprojects, with:
1. Clear steps and feasible allocation of decision-making and responsibilities for screening impacts, assessing the adequacy of mitigation plans, managing grievances and correcting any errors;
2. A needs assessment and plan for the capacity building required to implement the EMF; and
3. A document for the public consultation process for developing the framework.
1.5 Methodology
The Present document has been developed following the approach in the International Finance Corporation (IFC) guidelines[12] for annual crop, poultry, aquaculture and mammalian livestock production on environmental management, occupational health and community safety; EMF for current and previous WB projects on Agriculture and projects with multiple small scale subprojects. The experiences from local initiatives in some areas of the country have been integrated in the framework development process. This was done through field visits and actual interactions with some stakeholders at the project areas. The field work essentially involved some visits to the proposed project areas and discussions with various stakeholders including farmers and officials, local interest groups and concerned individuals. Some limited discussions were also conducted with the personnel involved in project support, supervision and fund management. The field work program was actively coordinated with the work for the social part of the ESMF preparation activity.
The Environment Management Framework (EMF) for two previous agriculture projects LGSP[13] and NATP[14] were carefully studied in conjunction with the World Bank Operational Policies (OP 4.01 and OP 4.09), Bangladesh Environmental Conservation Act (ECA), 1995) and Environmental Conservation Rules (ECR), 1997.
The experience from other countries like Bosnia[15], India[16] and other countries for similar initiatives were also studied to prepare this Environmental Management Framework. An easy to implement user friendly set of forms for Environmental screening and monitoring for subprojects have also been prepared and included in Annex-2.
The Report has been prepared in English and an Executive Summary in Bangla will be prepared. For better dissemination in the community both the report and the operational manual should be translated into Bangla. However, this has to be done separately at a later stage.
1.6 Scope of Services of Environment Specialist
1) Since exact subprojects are not known at this time, the consultant will work closely with implementing agencies of the ARTS Project to develop an Environmental Management Framework (EMF).
2) The EMF will be tailored to the capacity of the implementing agencies.
3) The EMF needs to be approved by appropriate authorities of the implementing agencies especially with respect to the institutional arrangements, budgetary and other commitments and will also require review and clearance from the World Bank.
4) The EMF will include an environmental assessment (EA) of the potential activities of the project and a management plan (EMP). However, special attention will be accorded to the following issues :
a. In some cases, information deficiencies not specifically identified in the ToRs may need to be identified and resolved or specialized field studies performed to assess impacts; accordingly, the consultant will define particular tasks in more detail for contracting agency review and approval.
b. The Consultant is expected to conduct field visits to complement desk research in developing the final EMF.
c. The Consultant will indicate any necessary environmental clearance by the Government for the EMF or the Project as a whole (including its subprojects) and organize consultations with project stakeholders (i.e. farmers, etc.) and with interested parties (such as local NGOs) on the environmental aspects of the proposed project.
d. The Consultant is required to work closely with the specialists undertaking the social analysis and to propose arrangements in consultation as necessary.
1.7 Contents of the EMF
The EMF is to be concise and limited to significant environmental issues. The main text should focus on findings, conclusions and recommended actions, supported by summaries of the data collected and citations for any references used in interpreting those data. Detailed or uninterrupted data are not appropriate in the main text and should be presented in appendices or a separate volume. Unpublished documents used in the assessment may not be readily available and should also be assembled in an appendix.
The EMF should include :
i) Analysis of the relevant national and World Bank Safeguards policies and their relevance to the project;
ii) Identification of key environmental indicators;
iii) Baseline environment (sample basis - one or two potential sites);
iv) The environmental screening and assessment procedure as well as monitoring needs for different types of subprojects,
v) Project level typical mitigation/compensation measures,
vi) Institutional arrangement for screening, assessment and monitoring,
vii) Procedure for environmental clearance (if required), viii) process for community consultation/engagement.
1.8 Expected Outputs of the Study
The Consultant will work closely with the task team of the Government as well as the Social Consultant and the key outputs of the present Environment Safeguard Consultant will be a strategic framework for the ARTS Project on environmental issues with focus on management of the negative environmental impacts as per the operational policies of the World Bank. Draft and final versions of the Environmental Management Framework (EMF) for the ARTS Project will include Environmental Assessment (EA) of the proposed activities and an Environment Management Plan (EMP) with heavy emphasis on designing a process for determining the impacts of subprojects and how different types of subproject impacts will be managed.
2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BACKGROUND
2.1 Purpose of the Project[17]
Key expected outcomes from the project are: increase in yield of rice, maize, wheat, pulses and oilseeds; increase in yield of milk and goat meat; and increase in yield of fish. The target group is farmers, predominantly marginal and small in the selected districts. According to The Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) a marginal farm holds an operated area of 0.05 to 0.49 acre of land and a small farm is a farm-holding having an area of 0.50 to 2.49 acre of land.
2.2 Project Implementation Area
The ARTS Project activities supporting agricultural research will be national in scope as the benefits can accrue across Bangladesh's farming community as a whole, whereas investments in agricultural extension and supply chain development will be implemented in 22 Districts and 106 Upazilas in 4 Divisions of the country. Some of these districts coincide with the National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) implementation area while others move into new areas (part of the expanded outreach). The new areas include 30 Upazilas under 6 new Districts. The selection criteria include:
i. poverty level, based on the poverty mapping done by IFPRI in association with the World Food Program in 2009;
ii. underserved areas (fewer interventions) to avoid duplication with other development programs;
iii. the potential for enhancing productivity in less favorable areas, based on bio-physical potential;
iv. deepening/extrapolating of on-going activities within existing NATP districts to promote wider adoption of recommended technologies; and
v. climatically distressed areas, particularly in the south, mid-South and mid-North of the country. The locations of the six new Districts under the ARTS Project (Gopalgonj, Madaripur, Shariatpur, Magura, Bhola and Sirajgonj Districts) having a total of 30 Upazilas as well as the possible areas of influence of the Project are shown in Figure 1.
2.3 Geo-physical & Climatic Features of the New Districts
From the points of view of geophysical and climatic features, the six new districts fall under four categories:
1) Gopalgonj, Madaripur and Shariatpur Districts: Low-lying area with salinity and water-logging, erratic rainfall with low cropping intensity, has potential for "Dhap"[18] cultivation and high value crop introduction at the border of ponds.
2) Magura District: Drought prone area with erratic rainfall patterns, has potential for crop intensification and diversification, specially with high value crops, oil seeds, spices etc.
3) Sirajgonj District : Flood prone area with ditches, has potential for crop intensification and diversification, specially with high value crops, oil seeds, pulses, spices etc.
4) Bhola District : Saline area with sudden storm and water logging, has potential for "Dhap" cultivation, crop intensification and diversification, specially with high value crops, oil seeds, spices etc.
2.4 Project Components
The ARTS project will finance Research, Extension And Supply Chain Development through sub-projects, demonstrations, and training. Activities will emphasize low-risk, high reward investments targeting resource-constrained, small and marginal farmers. The Project has four components as described below:
2.4.1 Component 1 - Agricultural Research: This component will enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the national agricultural research system. This is a grants-based activity that is national in scope, and funds will flow through 2 windows:
• Competitive Grants Program (CGP) will finance collaborative short- and medium-term applied and adaptive research by public, private, civil society, and academic institutions. It will also provide funds to increase the capacity of KGF, the implementing agency, with the addition of 2-3 experts to their team.
• Sponsored Public Goods Research (SPGR) will support long-term strategic cross cutting research on production and improvement of critical crops—e.g., oilseeds, pulses, horticulture, floriculture, spices, etc.—aimed at improving varieties and also to meet consumer demand and adapt to changing climate conditions. It will support research programs on disaster management, ICT, livestock, farm machinery, post-harvest technology, farming systems, and other issues in farm management and agricultural production.
2.4.2 Component 2 -Technology Adoption:
This component will support the Project Development Objective (PDO) by enabling farmers in the project area to sustainably adopt improved agricultural (crops, livestock and fisheries) production technologies and management practices. This will allow them to increase productivity as well as intensify and diversify agricultural production. This component lies at the heart of the project since it addresses the central challenge of moving farmers out of a traditional, low-input/low-output and high-variability production system through changes in their choices and practices. It does so by enhancing farmers’ knowledge and skills base, improving availability of appropriate crop varieties / livestock breeds at farmers’ level, strengthening extension-farmer linkages and augmenting – as appropriate - their productive assets and social capital base.
Rationale for this component of the project is that agricultural production in the project areas is significantly challenged due to number factors, leading to high levels of household poverty and food insecurity. A large number of farmers continue to use local unimproved and impure varieties and traditional cultivation practices, resulting in low yields with high variability (partly from exposure to natural hazards such as droughts and submergence). Livestock and fisheries production – practiced proportionately more by the landless, poor women and unemployed youth – suffers from low productivity, low technical know-how, lack of improved breeding practices/services, and inadequate health care. Finally, there are significant gaps and weaknesses in the provision of institutional and public service support to farmers, such as :
1) Coverage of extension agencies is thin;
2) The Departments of Livestock and of Fisheries have staff only at the Upazila (sub-district) level;
3) Although the DAE does have staff below Upazila level i.e the Sub-Assistant Agriculture Officer's or SAAOs, several factors limit their effective outreach. For instance, each officer covers a large number of farm families but they also have significant concurrent work responsibilities. Also, the knowledge and technical skills of these officers need to be upgraded[19].
Sub-Components and Activities to be Financed under this component:
This component aims to address these problems and issues through the following four sub-components: (1) Crop Production; (2) Fisheries Production; (3) Livestock Production, and (4) Project Support and Coordination.
This component will support the establishment of a decentralized, demand-led extension service that is knowledge intensive as opposed to input-intensive and that is accountable to farmers, particularly small and marginal farmers. It will focus on further scaling up of the best practices emerging from the NATP and increasing the adoption of low-risk/high reward technologies in under-served remote areas through:
(i) mobilization of common-interest groups (CIGs);
(ii) decentralization of extension service; and
(iii) enhancing efficiency of national institutions involved in agricultural extension.
The activities of the Sub-components of the Component 2 - Technology Adoption are summarized as under :
(a) Crop Production by DAE : Under this activity, the project will aim to demonstrate and support adoption of various technology themes/packages such as short duration “boro” rice cultivation, cultivation of salinity and submergence tolerance varieties, cultivation of oilseeds, pulses etc. Again, technologies will be initially demonstrated to small groups of farmers who will be, however, linked to subsequent cohort of adopting farmers. The project will finance demonstration costs, costs of relevant farm equipment and other group productive assets, and training and capacity building. These activities of the sub-project are expected to result in significant upgradation of agronomic practices, cultivation of better suited crop varieties, improved cropping patterns and increased cropping intensity.
(b) Livestock Production by DLS : The livestock sub-sector is closely interlinked with the integrated farming system in Bangladesh. Cattle, buffalo, goat, sheep and poultry together form the source of cash income, nutrition and food security in the rural areas. Ample scope exists for developing these activities further as part of a mixed farming system, which can contribute to poverty alleviation and sustainable livelihoods especially women and the rural poor. Current livestock activity exhibits the following characteristics/constraints:
i) low productivity;
ii) lack of good husbandry practices;
iii) lack of organized farming system;
iv) shortage of fodder and forages;
v) lack of improve breeding practices; and
vi) lack of adequate animal health care and technical services.
The activities to be undertaken under this sub-Component are:
i) support for poultry production;
ii) support for goat production;
iii) support for dairy production;
iv) health care campaign; and
v) training and capacity building.
(c) Fisheries Production by DOF : The aim of this sub-Component is to improve aquaculture performance in the project area. Aquaculture productivity in this area is below the national average principally for three reasons: lack of quality fingerlings (juvenile fish), lack of technical know-how (especially intensive rather than extensive culture practices) and weak extension support. Accordingly, four kinds of project activities will be undertaken to support fish production: (i) fish nursery; (ii) carp polyculture; (iii) fish monoculture; (iv) cage culture; and (v) training and capacity building.
2.4.3 Component 3 - Supply Chain Development: This component will try to increase and diversify sources of income for small and marginal farmers by identifying local, national, and international markets for producers and facilitating the services that will help them access those markets on a competitive footing. Under NATP, this component was limited to 10 districts. The ARTS Project funds will enable expanded outreach to additional six districts and scaling up of the existing good practices.
2.4.4 Component 4 - Project Support and Coordination: This component will monitor and evaluate investment activities and increase communication throughout the agriculture research, development, and extension system. It will also finance special studies related to the project objectives. The PCU for the National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) will assume the responsibility of overall coordination for implementation of grant activities.
This component will support the realization of the Project Development Objective by ensuring that :
i) Interventions undertaken under the project are appropriately planned, coordinated and aligned with project design and development objectives;
ii) implementation arrangements and activities are in line with relevant fiduciary and safeguards policies, procedures and standards; and
iii) there is due monitoring, oversight and reporting of project implementation and the resulting outputs and outcomes.
The PCU/PIU of NATP will also be responsible for :
a) Overseeing the implementation activities of the project;
b) Coordinate financial, procurement and administrative management;
c) Development and implementation of a Management Information System (MIS) for the project to facilitate performance monitoring of all project activities;
d) Organize evaluation and impact assessment of the project; arrange for expert advice and input from consultants on any subject matter area related to project implementation;
e) Review and compile relevant reports and other materials;
f) Submit to the World Bank and the Project Steering Committee (PSC); The six monthly and annual progress reports within one month of the due date, and the audit reports within six months of the close of fiscal year; and
g) Liaise with the World Bank concerning operation and management of the project, as and when required to support implementation of project activities.
Under the overall guidance of the PCU, the PIU of NATP will be responsible for: detailed planning and implementation of all project activities within their respective Regions; coordination with relevant implementing line departments and agencies; preparing annual regional plans; guiding District, Upazila and Union level staff of the project and form teams of implementing agencies to work in accordance with the spirit and principles of the project; monitoring and supervising the work being done in the field; maintaining appropriate records and accounts; ensuring due attention to safeguards issues; and ensuring appropriate governance and accountability through management of a suitable grievance redress system.
A suitable grievance redress system can be workable only if some kind of involvement of the local government offices, e.g. Union Parishad or Upazila Parisad in it as well as appropriate compensation are ensured. Small and individual issues of conflict may be resolved by the Union Parishad Chairman, while community issues involving many people, e.g. making a bund (creating problem for the community) should call for involvement of the Upazila Parishad Chairman. The District or Upazila Agriculture officer responsible for the subproject area should organize such redress mechanisms with the help of the local government bodies.
2.5 Major Environmental Concepts of the Project
The main environmental concerns of the proposed projects include management of agrochemicals pesticides most importantly, and stress on water resources. The Environmental Management Framework (EMF) provides guidance on the approaches to be taken during Project Preparation and Implementation. This framework should be consistent with the Government of Bangladesh’s environmental laws and associated regulations as well as with the World Bank safeguard policies.
2.6 Need for Preparing the Environment Management Framework (EMF)
Most of the sub-projects under the Proposed Project are not expected to lead to significant or irreversible environmental impacts but there will be minor impacts. Therefore, the overall environmental category has been determined to be ‘C’ and World Bank Operational Policies on Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01) and Pest Management (OP 4.09) will be triggered for this project. In order to avoid potentially adverse environmental impacts, these policies (i.e., OP 4.01 and OP 4.09) will be used for assessing potential environmental problems and determining mitigation measures. As the details of all the subprojects are not known at this time of project preparation, an Environmental Management Framework (EMF) is required for this Project. All proposed requests for funding of sub-projects will be subject to environmental screening in order to:
a) prevent execution of subprojects with significant negative environmental impacts;
b) decrease potential negative impacts through adaptations in design, location or execution;
c) prevent or mitigate negative cumulative impacts;
d) enhance the positive impacts of subprojects; and,
e) prevent additional stress on environmentally sensitive areas.
The EMF is expected to :
• Assist the implementing agency in identifying the potential environmental, occupational health and safety issues in the proposed ARTS project.
• Develop a consolidated Environmental Management Framework (EMF) to ensure that neither the proposed agriculture research, field adaptations, and supply chain development nor the existing environment is compromised in any way through the project intervention.
• Suggest mitigation / compensation measures for any negative environmental impact that may emerge from the project interventions, and also
• Recommend measures to enhance environmental outcomes of the activities to be implemented under the project.
2.7 Objectives of the EMF
The objectives of this EMF are:
• To establish clear procedures and methodologies for the environmental review, approval and implementation of subprojects to be financed under the Project;
• To specify appropriate roles and responsibilities, and outline the necessary reporting procedures, for managing and monitoring environmental concerns related to subprojects;
• To determine the training, capacity building and technical assistance needed to successfully implement the provisions of the EMF;
• To establish the areas for project funding requirements to implement the EMF requirements; and
• To provide practical resources for implementing the EMF.
Implementation of EMF will help to ensure that activities under the proposed project will:
• Protect human health;
• Enhance positive environmental outcomes; and Prevent negative environmental impacts as a result of either individual subprojects or their cumulative effects.
Source: Food Security Programme - 2006; Soil Fertility Component Project (2008-2012); Soil Resources Development Institute, Dhaka
3. ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL
ISSUES
3.1 Anticipated Environmental Issues in the Subprojects of the ARTS Project
The anticipated environmental issues related to the three sectors in which subprojects are expected to be financed by the Project are shown in Table 1. The list is by no means exhaustive. It has been compiled from national, regional and international experience. The list may provide general guidance to the project implementing agencies on the general type of projects that may be implemented under this project. It should be realized that people may come up with creative ideas on many different types of projects beneficial to the community. Such subprojects should be judged on their merit and should be financed if they have manageable environmental dimensions within the framework. More details on the impact and their mitigation are provided in Annex-3.
Table 1. Issues in Subprojects that may be Financed by the Project
|Environmental Issues in Crop Production |
|Stress on water resources |
|Soil erosion and loss of productive capacity |
|Pesticide use |
|Eutrophication of aquatic environments |
|Loss of biodiversity |
|Crop residues and other solid wastes |
|Atmospheric emissions |
|Environmental Issues in Livestock Production |
|Waste management |
|Wastewater |
|Air emissions |
|Hazardous materials management |
|Ecological impacts |
|Animal diseases |
|Environmental Issues Associated with Aquaculture |
|Threats to biodiversity |
|Contamination of aquatic systems |
|Hazardous materials |
|Environmental Issues Associated with Supply Chain Development |
|Waste Management. |
|Hazardous Chemical Management. |
3.2 Subproject Exclusions
A list of subproject types that will not be financed by the ARTS Project is given in Table 2. The criteria for the subproject types on this list are based on the probable environmental impacts of the subprojects. With the available implementation experience, it is apprehended that local capacity may not be adequate to manage the environmental impacts of the subproject types in the list. However, it should be noted that the list is not immutable and can be modified in the light of experience when demonstrable capacity develops to manage the environmental impacts of the subprojects.[20] The PCU Safeguards and Governance staff will evaluate if any changes need to be made to the EMF including the exclusion list and determine if capacity has developed to manage the environmental impacts of previously excluded activities. Subprojects with any of the attributes listed in Table 2 will be ineligible for support under the ARTS Project (referred to as negative list).
Table 2. Subproject Type Excluded from the ARTS Project
| ENVIRONMENTAL ATRIBUTES |
|Sanitation and Waste Management |
|1. New or significant expansion of activities with negative health impacts to nearby water sources or population. |
|2. New or significant expansion of disposal sites for animal wastes requiring involuntary public participation e.g. poultry farm wastes |
|creating obnoxious odour. |
|Natural Resource Management |
|1. Drainage of traditional wetlands for agricultural use. |
|2. Subprojects requiring pesticides that fall in WHO classes IA category |
|3. Activities involving significant conversion or degradation of critical natural habitats. |
The following list of activities will not be supported by ARTS Project. Proposals containing any one or more of these items will be excluded :
i) Land acquisition,
ii) Involuntary resettlement (including encroachers and squatters),
iii) Activities within protected areas,
iv) The use of pesticides prohibited under national legislation or international agreement to which Bangladesh is a party and
v) Any research involving Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) that has not been approved by an independent panel of internationally recognized experts and cleared by the World Bank.
3.3 State of the Environmental Resources and Relevant Issues in the
Country at large and in the Target Areas of the Project
Initially the project is expected to cover only six Districts of the Country. However, it is possible that in future the project may be extended to other areas of the country as well in phases. So, it is necessary to keep in mind the general variation in the environmental conditions expected in different parts of the country. A brief description of the important environmental resources and environmental issues are given in this section[21].
3.3.1 Physiographic and Land-use Pattern of Bangladesh
Bangladesh is located between 20O34´ and 26O38´ N, and 88O01´ and 92O41´ E. The area of the country is 147,570 square km with a coast line of about 700 km in length. The land is flat to the extent of about 80% intersected by numerous rivers and their tributaries. The land area has a general slope of 1O-2O (5-10cm/km) from north to south. The soils in the flat areas mostly consist of recent alluvium. The rest 20% of the area consists of uplands (~8%) and hill areas (~12%). The uplands consist of Barind Tract in the north western part, Madhupur Tract in the central part and the Lalmai Hills in the east. The upland soils are derived from old Pleistocene sediments and are typically reddish or brownish in color. The hill areas consist of Chittagong Hill Tracts, hill ranges of northeastern Sylhet and hills along the narrow strip of Sylhet and Mymensingh Districts. The hill soils are derived from tertiary rocks, unconsolidated tertiary and Pleistocene sediments.
Most of the land in the country is used for agriculture.
Land use is generally classified into five categories as agricultural, forest, cultivable waste, current fallow and as ‘not available for cultivation’. The category of ‘not available for cultivation’ consists of mainly of urban, rural settlements and industrial land. The project area in the South is coastal and has environmental issues (i.e. tidal surge, salinity) quite different from the mid-South and mid-North which include largely low-lying and some uplands. The difference in respect of Physiographic and Land-use patterns should be recognized in subproject planning.
3.3.2 Hydrology
Bangladesh is the largest delta in the world formed by the Ganges, the Brahmaputra, and the Meghna river systems. This delta is characterized by flat terrain interlaced with the intricate system of rivers and tidal channels, which carry an enormous quantity of sediment-laden water downstream. The three major rivers have a huge catchment area of 1,554,000 sq km, spreading, over five countries, namely, Bhutan, Nepal, China, India, and Bangladesh. There are about 700 rivers, canals, and streams in Bangladesh, with a total length of approximately 22,155 km, which occupy a riverine area of about 9,384 sq km.
A vast amount of water flows through Bangladesh mostly during June-October. The rivers of Bangladesh also carry huge amounts of sediment, an estimated 24 billion tons/year. These sediments are subjected to coastal dynamic processes generated mainly by river flow, tide, and wind actions. The ultimate result are additional new land in some places due to accretion, forming islands called ‘chars’ (shoals), and loss of land in some other places due to erosion. Both the Southern and Northern Districts are afflicted with this phenomenon. Bangladesh is also richly endowed with numerous perennial and seasonal water-bodies known locally as haors, beels, baors, khals, pukurs and dighies. Beels, and haors are open wetlands while baors and dighies, constitute closed ones. The haors are depressions located between two or more rivers, and function as small internal drainage basins. The lowest points of the haors and beels are lake-like deep depressions retaining water permanently or for a greater part of the year. The beels are usually connected to the adjacent rivers by one or more drainage channels, locally termed as khals. Baors are oxbow lakes from the old meandering bends of rivers that have been cut off from the main stream. Pukurs and dighies refer to ponds of various sizes dug by human beings for water, fish etc.
Hydrology of a given area is extremely important for any subproject which uses surface or groundwater and may have impact upon water bodies and aquifers. Impact on water resources by any subproject should be carefully considered in subproject planning.
3.3.3 Ground Water
Below the zone of aeration extending from surface to only a few meters below the ground, the soil in Bangladesh is saturated with water. Saturation means that all pore spaces in the soil are filled with water and this zone is defined by a groundwater table. Bangladesh soils consist of unconsolidated sediments and the pore spaces are simply the openings between the grains. Lithologic drill logs show layers of gravel, sands of different grades, silt and clay down to great depths in succession.
Hydrogeologists classify soil layers as to their ability to yield water to wells or springs. A layer which is permeable enough to supply water to wells or springs is referred to as an "Aquifer", while an “Aquiclude” is impermeable and an “Aquitard” tends to be very poorly permeable. The aquifers are sand or gravel layers that may be a few centimeters to many meters’ thick. Like other similar areas in the world, the sand intervals which constitute the aquifers in Bangladesh are probably lens-shaped with varying degree of lateral and vertical interconnectedness. This interconnectedness usually decreases with depth. The extent of the of aquifers may vary from a few km2 to many thousands of km2. So, a large aquifer may easily contain a trillion liters or even more water. Even a small aquifer would probably contain a couple of billion liters.
An aquifer is referred to as confined when it is bounded by aquicludes or aquitards that impede flow into it. The primary source of recharge to the aquifers is assumed to be historic runoff from the rainfalls. Groundwater is in principle renewable but in certain cases the period needed for replenishment is very long (100s to 1000s of years) in relation to the normal time-frame of human activity. For this reason, it is valid in such cases to talk about the utilization of non-renewable groundwater or the ‘mining of aquifer reserves’. Water in the confined aquifers can be literally thousands of years old. This is the reason for concern about the aquifer systems and their specific susceptibilities to negative impacts under abstraction stress. For water balance studies three and four aquifer models have been shown to be adequate. However, in reality in many regions of Bangladesh more aquifers can be found stacked on top of one another wherefrom water can be extracted. The hydrogeology of Bangladesh area has been studied for more than fifty years ago and the details are available elsewhere[22].
Recent emergence of the Arsenic problem in groundwater is also an issue but from available information it is still not necessary to put any restriction on irrigation due to presence of Arsenic in ground water[23]. However, this issue should be continuously studied to evaluate emerging health problems, if any. A program for testing water for arsenic content should be part of subproject screening before we alter the water body as well as conducting the same test during the course of project implementation.
3.3.4 Ecology
The terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the country support a large number of diverse biological populations, both plant and animal. The most important terrestrial ecosystem in Bangladesh is that of the forests. Large varieties of species exist in the forest areas and depend on various biotic and abiotic components of the forest for their survival. In terms of per capita forestland, Bangladesh ranks amongst the lowest in the world. The forests of Bangladesh have been disappearing at an accelerating rate. The districts within proposed ARTS Project do not contain any forest land and wetlands. There are specific rules and regulations restricting the use of these ecological regions.
The Sundarban forest areas support a very rich and diverse fish fauna of 400 species, 270 species of birds, and over 300 species of plants. It is an important staging and wintering area for migratory shore birds, gulls, and terns. The Sundarbans are the habitat of the Royal Bengal Tiger probably the most notable of Bangladesh's fauna species. However, many small members of the cat family are found throughout the forest areas. Birds and reptiles, wild pigs, deer and otters are the most numerous animal species in the forests.
Wetlands are invaluable components of the environment and bio-diversity in Bangladesh. Bangladesh possesses considerable wetland areas, among which the principal ones are rivers and streams, freshwater lakes and marshes, including haors, baors, and beels, water storage reservoirs, fish ponds, flooded cultivated fields, and estuarine systems with extensive mangrove swamps. The coastal and inland wetlands encompass the vast floodplains and delta system of the Ganges, Meghna and Brahmaputra rivers. The total area of the wetlands in the country has been variously estimated at seven to eight million hectares, or about 50 per cent of the total land surface.
The nutrient products of wetlands in Bangladesh are carried by rivers and floodwater, and benefit the systems downstream. The grazing systems in these regions support cattle that recycle nutrients, enrich soil, and are used as draft animals. The plant diversity provides refuge for predators of pests, e.g., snakes, frogs, and certain fish species, and this helps agriculture in general. Bangladesh does not possess adequate infrastructure for sewage treatment and the wetlands function as natural system for the treatment of pollutants.
The wetlands of Bangladesh are being drastically affected by the impacts of the increasing human population. The wetlands are being lost to flood control, drainage and irrigation development. Severe erosion in the catchment areas is causing increased siltation, and having major impacts on the key wetland areas. The exploitation of the haor wetland ecosystem began due to ever-expanding agrarian settlements, and they are being reclaimed as agricultural land for production of rice. The beels are being drained, and embankments built to save crops from flash floods. These changes in land use patterns have occurred in tandem with a decline in fish and migratory birds. Swamp forests that were once extensively distributed are now on the verge of extermination.
3.3.5 Environmentally and Ecologically Sensitive Areas
Environmentally sensitive areas are defined as being areas that are of significant value in their natural state, or areas that are of socio-cultural significance or sensitivity. Cultural or historical sites and densely populated urban centers are examples of the latter category. Ecologically Sensitive Areas can be defined as areas that may contain unique features, maintain key natural processes, support endangered, endemic or threatened plants or animals and their habitats, or provide important breeding areas for wildlife. Some Ecologically Sensitive Areas are natural, while others may have been significantly altered by certain human activities. In terms of management, some Ecologically Sensitive Areas will prosper when left undisturbed while others will require intensive management to restore or maintain their natural values.
The ECA 1995 refer to Environmentally Sensitive Areas (called Ecologically Critical Areas in the legislation). According to this legislation, environmental protection is deemed particularly relevant in Ecologically Critical Areas, which are defined as areas where degradation of the environment has reached or threatens to reach a critical state. In sensitive areas, environmental and ecological impacts tend to be more severe than elsewhere, and therefore, extra precautions must be taken to avoid significant environmental impacts. In many cases, this will mean extra investments in mitigation measures, while in some cases these areas will simply have to be avoided, resulting, for example, in the rejection of a subproject proposal or its redesign to avoid particularly sensitive areas.
3.3.6 Physiographical, Ecological and Soil Characteristics of the Project Areas
Southern Region
The Bhola District of Barisal Division included in the ARTS Project is considered as quite disadvantageous for agricultural production due to various climate risks and soil-related constraints affecting crop production systems, fisheries, poultry, livestock and agro-forestry. Land use in the area is diverse and average cropping intensity is comparatively low.
The climate risks and soil-related constrains include tidal surge, cyclone, water stagnancy, swelling and cracking clays, poor drainage, poor nutrient status, quite high intensity of soil salinity, river water salinity, underground water salinity etc. A substantial area of Bhola District is affected with salinity of soil.
A large part of the district is mostly under single crop (Aman rice) due to low soil fertility, diversity of soil, low organic matter in the soil, limited sweet water for irrigation, lack of improved crop varieties with tolerance to saline and other stress conditions, lack of better farming systems, lack of surface and groundwater irrigation infrastructure and lack of crop diversification. Still then, the district forms a part of the area which is known as a zone of vulnerabilities as well as opportunities[24] .
Mid-South Region
The mid-South districts under the proposed ARTS Project, viz. Gopalgonj, Madaripur, Magura and Shariatpur are characterized as low lying area with problems like salinity, water-logging and erratic rainfall resulting low cropping intensity. Magura District, though adjacent to the three districts is afflicted with drought and erratic rainfall patterns, but has high potential for crop intensification and diversification as well.
Mid-Northern Region
The Sirajgonj District belonging to the mid-Northern region and included in the ARTS Project has highly disadvantaged areas called Active Flood Plains and Charlands (Shoals). These areas are physically unstable and subjected to occasional river erosion, diposition of sand, floods, poor communication and inadequate healthcare, education, water supply and sanitation services. Texture of the top layer’s soil is characterized by sand, sandy loam, loam, clay loam and clay. Water holding capacity of most soil is poor. The major cereal crops include paddy, wheat and maize, major oilseeds and pulses are mustard, sesame, groundnut, lentil, chickpea (gram), black gram, grass pea, pea and cowpea. In addition, many kinds of vegetable, potato, major spices like onion, garlic and cumin are produced. Cash crops grown are jute and sugarcane.
Agriculture is the only profession of the people of the area. But the agriculture sector of the region cannot play effective role in reducing poverty and food insecurity due to the geographical challenges and regular natural calamities as well as limited attention of the public and NGO sectors. Agricultural activities are mainly based on out-dated technologies as well as more risky than other regions of the country. The land and environmental degradation in the area create serious problem in the livelihood process of the people.
4. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN THE ARTS PROJECT: BASELINE INFORMATION ON BROAD AGRICULTURE
The ARTS Project mainly focuses on research at BARI, BRRI and BINA, which may not have direct impact on environmental components. But actions taken by farmers based on the advice and guidance provided under any one of the three components of ARTS Project may have environmental consequences. These have been addressed in the following sections. The adverse impacts followed by suggestions on mitigation measures are presented later in the report.
4.1 Agricultural Research:
4.1.1 Loss of Crop Biodiversity
The emphasis on developing varieties with higher yield potentials has led to a situation where local varieties with environment friendly characteristics have been pushed to the sidelines. In the process, a large number of local varieties have already been lost resulting in loss of biodiversity. More and more of these local varieties may become extinct unless steps are taken to preserve their germplasm. Arrangements need to be made to conserve in situ genetic resources. NARS breeding programmes need to emphasize the benefits of using these environment-friendly local varieties.
4.1.2 Pest infestation
The development of high yielding varieties has been associated with increased pest infestation requiring increased use of pesticides with all kinds of adverse impacts. Environmental pollution is increasing, soil productivity is declining, beneficial insects are getting wiped out, and water bodies are getting polluted endangering aquatic flora and fauna, the most important of which is the open water fisheries. Among many factors, pollution of water bodies by pesticide wash outs is believed to be a major reason for the decline in fish production in Bangladesh. Many pesticides used in Bangladesh are banned or restricted under international agreements. In addition, several studies have shown that inadequate product labeling and farmers' lack of information have led to widespread overuse of dangerous pesticides. No pesticide in the WHO Class-1A category will be used in this project. In fact, pesticide brands having adverse impacts have been banned in Bangladesh and these are shown Annex-5. In addition, farmers lack of knowledge about precautions pertaining to handling of pesticides often creates health problem.
4.1.3 Arsenic Contamination
In Bangladesh, arsenic (As) contamination has been identified in ground water of some districts, which is the major source of water for all types of domestic use including drinking. According to a national survey conducted by the Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE), some 29 million people are exposed to As contamination exceeding 50ppb, and 49 million to levels exceeding 10ppb. Use of water with high arsenic content has already adversely impacted human health and some 38,000 potential cases of arsenicosis have been identified.
Adequate arrangements are being made to discourage drinking of ground water through awareness creation, supply of surface water, rain water harvest, development and distribution of As removing contraptions, etc. Ground water is the major source of irrigation and entry of arsenic in the food chain is feared due to the extensive use of arsenic contaminated ground water for irrigation. Research regarding the uptake of As by plants from the soil or irrigation water is inconclusive.[25] It is not clear how much As gets incorporated in crops and other agricultural products and inputs. The arsenicosis syndrome occurs in people drinking arsenic contaminated water from wells including irrigation sources.
Arsenic in Project Areas
Arsenic content of water has been studied in samples from all districts of the country. Arsenic contamination is greatest in the south and south-east of Bangladesh in the area surrounding Chandpur District (Fig.2). The British Geological Survey found no groundwater samples exceeding the Bangladesh standard for As in the extreme north-west of Bangladesh and from the southern coastal area where deep tube wells predominate.[26]
Fig. 2. Arsenic in Groundwater in Bangladesh
Source: School of Environmental Studies-Dhaka Community Hospital website[27]
Levels of As in the surface water to be used in this project is not a major concern given that the water will not generally be in contact with the As sources long enough to dissolve it and the concentration stays low.[28], Additionally, the water bodies rehabilitated or created by excavation will be lined with clay thus reducing potential contact of the harvested rainwater with As. The project is promoting harvested rainwater as a way to reduce reliance on the potentially As containing ground waters.
Similarly, deep tube wells (DTWs) generally have As concentrations below 0.050 mg/l which is the Bangladesh drinking-water standard. [29] The Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE) DPHE holds that DTWs deeper than 150 m are generally safe.[30] In a nation-wide survey, the British Geological Society found that only 1% of the samples from deep wells over 150 m exceeded the Bangladesh standard and 5% exceeded the WHO guideline value. [31] Therefore, any project activities connecting DTWs of this depth or greater will not need to be tested much for As.
Studies indicate that soil As concentrations may be increasing over time due to irrigation with As-contaminated water; however, the data is insufficient in quantity and quality for any definite conclusions. Since the research is not definite about how crops take up As from soil, the project will not test soil for As.
Currently, there is no precise definition of what concentration of arsenic in irrigation water would have a quantifiable impact on agriculture yield or on human health. Studies indicate that the intake of arsenic from food seems to depend more on the amount of arsenic in the cooking water than in the water used for watering crops. However, more research is needed to confirm this. Finally, it is important to note that there is no standard maximum level of As in food in South and East Asia. In the United Kingdom and Australia the maximum food hygiene standard for arsenic in food is 1 mg of As per kg.
The project will notify the Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE) about any contamination of arsenic in food if that is found or suspected anywhere in the project areas. The DPHE will then take necessary action according to their mandate.
4.1.4 High Input Requiring Varieties
The level of input use, especially application of chemical fertilizers, has increased tremendously with the expansion of high yielding varieties. The worst aspect of the increased application of chemical fertilizers is their imbalanced use, which is resulting in the decline of soil fertility. Increased dependence on chemical fertilizers is reducing the organic matter content in the soil, which is a major cause of the decline in soil productivity.
4.1.5 Occurrence of Drought
Lately, it is recognized that the damage inflicted by droughts on crop production is greater than the damage inflicted by floods. Magura, one of the six districts included in the ARTS Project is inflicted with drought. A dearth of drought tolerant varieties as well as a lack of water management leads to substantial loss of crops in every year.
4.1.6 Sea Level Rise Due to Global Warming
It has been recognized that the sea level will rise due to global warming and Bangladesh is one of the likely victims. It is proclaimed that a substantial area of Bangladesh is expected to go under water due to sea level rise. Since subprojects of the ARTS Project are not establishing any structures (except for buildings) that are expected to last for more than 5 years from now, there is no need for much consideration of climate change. This EMF recommends that researchers explore climate resistant varieties for adoption and dissemination under the Project as some are already doing under the NATP.
4.1.7 Stress on Water Resources
Groundwater is a vital natural resource for the reliable and economic provision of irrigation water and potable water supply in both the urban and rural environments. It thus plays a fundamental role in human well-being. Ground waters from both shallow and deeper aquifers are being used extensively for irrigation. However, aquifer depletion and salinity are already issues of concern. It is necessary to exercise caution in the large scale exploitation of confined deep aquifers, as these may be depleted giving rise to serious problems in the future. Therefore, activities that encourage groundwater recharge need to be integrated into the design of irrigation systems.
4.2 Agricultural Extension
4.2.1 Soil Degradation
Soil degradation in the country is taking place for several reasons. Intensive cropping for increasing rice production initiated the process, and now expansion of high yielding varieties with high level of input use is depleting the organic matter content of soil, which is considered essential for sustained soil productivity. Good agricultural soil should contain at least 2% organic matter, mostly in the top 20-25 cm layer of the soil. But in Bangladesh, most of the cultivated soils have less than 1.5%, while some have less than 1% organic matter. Depletion of the same type of nutrient from the same layer of soil for years together by mono-cropping with rice has also contributed to nutrient mining and soil degradation.
4.2.2 Contamination through Pesticides
Indiscriminate use of all types of pesticides is contaminating the bio-physical environment in addition to killing beneficial insects. Wash out of pesticides is finding their way into the wetlands and water bodies, thus adversely impacting the aquatic flora and fauna. From an environmental perspective, chemically-polluted runoff from fields has contaminated surface and ground waters, damaged fisheries, destroyed freshwater ecosystems and created growing "dead zones" in ocean areas proximate to the mouths of rivers that drain agricultural regions.
4.2.3 Decline in Soil Fertility
Extensive use of chemical fertilizers for intensive cropping and lack of crop rotation have already brought down soil fertility with resultant decline in the yield level of crops. During about the last 15 years, 63-73% of the total fertilizers applied in the field comprised Urea (containing nitrogen) and only 18-20% and 5-15% fertilizers comprised TSP and MP, respectively (BBS). This imbalance in fertilizer use has further aggravated the soil fertility situation. The availability of cow dung for crop production has substantially decreased due to its demand as fuel for the increased population as well as dwindling population of cattle. Compost for agricultural crops could not be made popular. With reduction in the use of mustard oil, the availability of mustard oil cake has also decreased. Whatever quantity of mustard oil cake becomes available, are used as cattle feed and are no longer applied in the agricultural field. The combined effect of all these factors is a decline in soil fertility.
4.2.4 Soil Salinity
Soil salinity is a problem along the coastal belt including Bhola District under the proposed ARTS Project and saline soil is increasing due to reduction in fresh water flow from the upstream. The salinity frontier is moving towards the north under the influence of the ingress of saline sea water and reduction in upstream discharge. Soil salinity is increasing also due to expansion of salt beds. Sea level rise due to global warming may create a really alarming situation and large tracts of land may become saline unless mitigation measures are taken.
4.2.5 Pest Infestation
Large-scale expansion of high yielding crop varieties coupled with intensive cropping has increased pest infestation substantially. Propagation and regeneration of pests have been facilitated by mono-cropping over the years which resulted in spread of over-wintering period of their life cycle while some species of pests have developed resistance against chemical pesticides due to their indiscriminate and improper application.
4.2.6 Health Hazards from Agro-Chemical Handling
Agro-chemical dealers, especially retailers, are observed to handle agro-chemicals with their bare hands ignoring the danger of contamination. Direct contact during weighing and spreading of fertilizers leads to skin diseases while inhaling pesticides during spraying may lead not only to respiratory problems, but also to all types of infections as well. An FAO analysis of pesticide composition in Bangladesh has revealed high shares of toxic chemicals that epidemiological studies have found to cause cancer, genetic damage, fetal damage, and severe allergic responses in exposed populations. Substantial anecdotal evidence suggests that pesticide poisoning and ecological damage have become common in Bangladesh.
4.2.7 Loss of Fish Biodiversity
Fish biodiversity is on the decline for several reasons some of which are: decline in dry season water area, shrinking of fish spawning grounds, disruption of migratory routes, loss of connectivity between rivers and water bodies, use of destructive fish gear, pollution of water bodies by agro chemicals and large scale operation of kathas (temporary reserved areas) in rivers and canals as well as fishing during the breeding season. The IUCN Red Book for Bangladesh suggests that almost 30% of all inland fish species for which data is available are in some danger of extinction. The Red Book reports that 54 inland and estuarine fish species out of the total 266 present in Bangladesh are endangered.
4.2.8 Air Pollution from Poultry and Dairy Farms
Large scale poultry farms built in residential areas can pollute the environment, particularly with offensive odours, and render them unfit for human habitation. The same is true for dairy farms set up in residential area. However, the farms targeted for this project are small-scale ones and so do not present such difficult environmental problems.
4.2.9 Siltation of canals and inefficient irrigation water management
Irrigation water has been decreasing during the last few years due to siltation of natural water sources like canals, khals, etc. These need re-excavation to increase their capacity to hold larger amounts of rain and surface water. On the other hand, a good quantity of water is lost due to inefficient mechanisms of water conveyance from the sources to the crop fields through spillage and seepage both. Therefore, re-excavation of the canals, khals etc are required and buried pipeline instead of open channel should be installed.
All excavated materials must be disposed of in an appropriate site and stabilized either by vegetation, use or in some way to ensure that it does not harm communities. If there is any reason to believe that excavated materials may be toxic or hazardous, such a claim must be investigated and the materials appropriately disposed of so as to not harm communities. Workers handling any toxic or potentially hazardous materials must use personal protective equipment.
4.2.10 Introduction of Exotic species
Exotic species often became a threat to the local indigenous species, an example of which is the introduction of the African Magur (Clarias garipainus) in open water bodies of Bangladesh. Exotic species often bring in new types of pests and diseases, which could be as dangerous as the spread of bird flu in poultry. Indiscriminate import of exotic species can be averted through strict compliance of the existing quarantine regulations by the responsible staff of DAE, DOF and DLS as well as the research scientists of the concerned research institutes.
5. REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND OTHER RELEVANT LEGISLATION
This section describes relevant national environmental management requirements as well as the World Bank's Safeguards Policies applicable to the ARTS Project and its subprojects. In each case, national and local institutions that will be involved in reviewing and approving subprojects should be identified, along with their respective roles and responsibilities. Responsibilities may include issuing approvals for undertaking a subproject and ensuring compliance to obligatory requirements under laws and regulations.
The World Bank EA category assigned to the Project, and the key issues identified under the safeguard policies are also discussed in this section. A brief description of the relevant World Banks Safeguard Policies are provided to explain how their requirements will be complied with or used.
A brief review of current practices in subprojects under different programs is also presented. The lessons learnt are integrated in the recommended practices in the present EMF.
5.1 Bangladesh Legal Framework
The requirements for compliance with environmental regulations are laid down by the policy, legal and regulatory framework in the country. A large number of laws related to environmental issues, some dating back to 19th century exist in Bangladesh. The most important of these are the Environment Conservation Act, 1995 (ECA 1995) and the Environment Conservation Rules 1997 (ECR 1997). Many of the other laws are cross-sectoral and are only partially related to environmental issues. The relevant laws and regulations related to important environmental issues in Bangladesh are shown in Table 3.
Table 3: Environmental Issues and Relevant Laws and Regulations in Bangladesh
|Issues |Laws/Regulations |Enforcing Agency |Regulated/Enforced Items |
|Water pollution |ECA, 1995 |MOEF/DOE |Promulgation of standards for water quality |
| | | | |
| |ECR 1997 |,, |Promulgation of discharge limits |
| |Environmental Court Act, 2000 | | |
| |Water Supply and Sanitation Act, 1996 |,, |Prosecution of offenders |
| |The Local Government Ordinance, 1983 | | |
| |National Policy for Arsenic Mitigation 2004 | |Management of water supply and sanitation in rural |
| | |MOLGRDC/ DPHE |areas |
| | |UPs | |
| | | |Control of Environmental sanitation in rural areas |
| | |,, | |
|Air pollution |ECA, 1995 |MOEF/DOE |Promulgation of standards for air quality |
| | | | |
| |ECR 1997 (amended 2005) |,, |Promulgation of emission standards for Motor vehicles |
| |Environmental Court Act, 2000 | |and industries |
| |Brick Burning Control Act, 1989 (Amended 1992) |,, |Prosecution of offenders |
| |Motor Vehicle Act, 1983 |,, | |
| | | | |
| | |BRTA/Police |Prosecution of offending vehicles |
|Noise pollution |ECA, 1995 |MOEF/DOE |Promulgation of standards for noise levels |
| |ECR 1997 |,, | |
|Toxic or hazardous|ECA, 1995 |MOEF/DOE |Promulgation of standards and management rules |
|waste pollution |ECR 1997 |,, | |
|Solid waste |Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection | |Promulgation of standards and rules for management of |
|pollution |Ordinance, 2000 |BAEC |radioactive materials |
| | | |Promulgation of standards and management rules |
| |Industrial Policy, 1999. | | |
| | |MOI | |
|Marine pollution |ECA, 1995 |MOEF/DOE |Promulgation of standards for water quality |
| |ECR 1997 | |Promulgation of discharge limits |
| | |” |Prosecution of offenders |
| |Environmental Court Act, 2000 | | |
|Pollution of |The Protection and Conservation of Fish Act, 1950|MOLF |Promulgation of regulatory measures |
|fisheries |National Fisheries Policy, 1996 | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | |” | |
|Pollution from | Bangladesh Animal Disease Act, 2005 |MOLF | |
|animal production |Bangladesh Animal and Animal Product Quarantine | | |
| |Act, 2005 | | |
| | |” | |
|Pesticides and |The Agricultural Pesticides Ordinance, 1971 |DAE |Approval of permissible pesticides |
|fertilizers |National Agricultural Extension Policy, 1996 | | |
| |National Agricultural Policy, 1999 |” | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | |” | |
|Forest |ECA, 1995 |MOEF/DOE |Declaration of ecologically critical areas |
|conservation |ECR 1997 |,, | |
| |The Forest Act 1927 | |Reserve forest, protected forest, village forest |
| |National Forestry Policy, 1994 |MOEF/DOF | |
| | | | |
| | |” | |
|Wildlife |ECA, 1995 |MOEF/DOE |Declaration of ecologically critical areas |
|conservation and |ECR 1997 | | |
|national parks |The Wild Life (Preservation) (Amendment) Act, |” | |
| |1974 |,, | |
5.2 Environmental Guidelines for Projects in Bangladesh
As pointed out earlier, the most important of the laws/rules in Table 3 are the ECA 1995 and the ECR 1997. The ECA 1995 is primarily an instrument for the Department of Environment (DoE) and for controlling industrial pollution. The Act also includes ‘Polluter Pay Principle’ in general terms in that as it states "if any particular activity is causing damage to the eco-system, the responsible party will have to apply corrective measures". The ECR, 1997 was promulgated under ECA 1995 to operationalize the enforcement of the Act. The modifications to ECR can be brought about by executive orders requiring no new legislation. Thus, the rules can be modified from time to time when sound technical reasons exist without going through the long drawn legislative process.
Depending on the extent of impact on the environment and industries, projects are classified in four different categories under the ECR 1997. The four categories are: Green, Orange A, Orange B and Red. The procedures for obtaining ‘Environmental Clearance (EC)’ for different categories of projects are also provided in the ECR. Green category industries are to be granted EC within 15 days. The Green Category Schedule does not list specific projects. For other categories, schedules containing lists of industries and projects are provided in the ECR. For Orange A & B and Red category of industries and projects, an application for EC must include a ‘Feasibility Report (FR)’ and an ‘Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)’ report. A Process Flow Diagram and a Layout Plan are also needed for industries. IEE report must include a ‘Terms of Reference’ for the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Red Category industries and projects. An EIA report is mandatory for final approval and issuing of an ‘Environmental Clearance’ for Red Category industries and projects. The ECR, 1997 lists the contents required for both IEE and EIA reports. The ECR environmental categories for Projects and Industries are listed in Table 4.
The proposed ARTS Project is expected to improve both crop and fish varieties through research which might require introduction of parent or breeding materials from abroad. There are specific and strict quarantine regulations in Bangladesh for controlling indiscriminate introductions of such seeds/ plants/ fries etc. Introduction of eggs for poultry hatcheries and day-old chicks of poultry also have to go through the quarantine procedure. The potential for introduction of pests and diseases along with the introduced species should be minimized by following National and International rules and regulations.
Table 4 - ECR Environmental Categories for Projects and Industries in Bangladesh
|Category |Projects/Industries |Clearance |WB |Comments |
| | |Requirements |Category | |
|Green |No Projects Listed in the ECR (Only Industries) |None |C |Automatic approval for industries |
| | | | |Subprojects of the ARTS Project are |
| | | | |expected to be in this category and |
| | | | |these should not require any |
| | | | |clearance |
|Orange A |Small-scale Cattle or Poultry Farms |IEE, Feasibility Report |B |A few ARTS Project subprojects may be|
| | | | |in this category |
|Orange B |Medium to Large Scale Cattle or Poultry Farms |IEE, Feasibility Report |B |No subproject of the ARTS Project is|
| |Feeder Road or Local Street Construction | | |expected to be in this category. |
| |Bridge Construction (>100m length) | | | |
| |Public Toilets | | | |
|Red |Power Plants |IEE, Feasibility Report, |A |This is a category for large scale |
| |Earth Filling |EIA | |operations and ARTS subprojects are |
| |Industrial, Domestic, Commercial Waste | | |not expected to be in this category |
| |Sewerage Treatment Plant | | | |
| |Hospitals | | | |
| |Water Treatment Plant | | | |
| |Water/Electricity System Extension | | | |
| |Flood Control Dam, Dike Construction or Extension| | | |
5.3 International Obligations
Bangladesh is party to a number of international environmental conventions, treaties and protocols. These have to be taken into account in the implementation of the ARTS subprojects where applicable. These agreements are summarized below:
1. International Plant Protection Convention, Rome, 1951 (Ratified 1978).
2. International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil, London, 1954 (Ratified 1981).
3. Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitat, Ramsar, 1971 (Ramsar Convention) (Ratified 1992).
4. Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, Paris, 1972 (World Heritage Convention) (Ratified 1983).
5. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Washington, 1973 (CITES Convention) (Ratified 1982).
6. Agreement on the Network of Aquaculture Centers in Asia and Pacific (NACA), 1988.
7. Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Montreal, 1987 (Ratified 1990), (London Amendment, 1990) (Ratified 1994).
8. Convention on Biological Diversity, Rio de Janeiro, 1992 (Ratified 1994).
9. International Convention to Combat Desertification, 1994.
10. Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, Basel, 1989 (Ratified 1993).
11. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, New York, 1992 (Ratified, 1994).
Ramsar Convention has probably the most relevance to the ARTS Project, as apart from protection of internationally important wetlands (Ramsar Sites[32]), signatories of the convention are bound to adhere to the "wise use of wetlands". Draining and converting wetlands, using these as land-fills for solid waste, polluting them with agro-chemicals or sewage, blocking of streams and rivers, are all examples of unwise use of wetlands that could occur if stringent environmental screenings are not carried out.
5.4 World Bank Guidelines
The World Bank has mandatory EA guidelines in the form of Operational Polices (OP). The World Bank has several policies governing environmental assessment (EA) of projects. The OP 4.01, issued in January 1999, is the central document that defines the Bank's environmental assessment requirements. This directive outlines Bank policy and procedures for the environmental assessment of Bank lending operations. Environmental consequences should be recognized early in the project cycle and taken into account in project selection, siting, planning, and design by preventing, minimizing, mitigating or compensating for adverse environmental impacts and enhancing positive impacts. EA includes the process of mitigating and managing environmental impacts throughout project implementation. The Environmental Assessment Sourcebook (1993) and its updates (1996, 1997) provide some technical guidance on these issues. Detailed technical guidance is located in the IFC guidelines[33] for Annual Crop Production, Aquaculture, Poultry and Mammalian Livestock Production on environmental management, occupational health and community safety. The General EHS Guidelines also provide overarching guidance on construction and general environmental management, occupational health and community safety.
In addition to environmental assessment (OP 4.01), the policy OP 4.09 (Pest Management) is also triggered in this project. There are other directives that cover a number of specific environmental issues which may be applicable in this project depending on sub-project characteristics and location. including potential of increased stress on water resources (both surface and underground). As the project area covers large regions of the country and includes many types of activities, some other policies may become applicable depending on the situation. These guidelines are discussed further in the Environmental Management section of this Framework.
5.4.1 Mitigation Measures to be implemented under the ARTS Project
Since there is possibility of increased utilization of pesticides in the project area due to introduction of high yielding varieties of crops and increased involvement of agricultural machineries including STWs and DTWs, the likelihood of abuses of pesticide application and increase of machinery related problems can be anticipated. Therefore, to safeguard occupational health and safety of Project proponents, the Project will follow the EHS guidelines. These guidelines cover topics ranging from protection during use of machinery and pesticide application.
For promoting safer pesticide and fertilizer management it is proposed to: (i) Create awareness among the farmers about the dangers related to pesticides and the necessity to learn about their potential harm. (ii) Impart training on appropriate methods of storage, handling and application procedures, (iii) To teach preventive measures as well as actions that might be necessary in case of accident (iv) Impart training on application of balanced fertilizers for various crops and fish, (v) Provide easy-to-follow handbooks for following the above principles.
Separate programs for any indigenous peoples. There is no ethnic minority in the project area. If there is any, the Ethnic Minority Peoples' Development Plan will be used.
Water Resources Management
The geo-physical and climatic features of the districts included in the ARTS Project revealed that the research and extension efforts of the project will have to face water resource management as a major issue due to presence of salinity, drought and erratic rainfall.
Also with respect to the rainwater harvesting activity that will put clay cover on the bottom of water bodies to improve rainwater retention, subproject proponents must reveal whether the water body is natural and what type of aquatic life it contains. The EMF will guard against the clay covering of any important aquatic habitat.
Boro rice, a fully irrigation dependent crop, contributes to a significant amount of rice production in the country. However, in the last two decades, several irrigation/water related problems have been intensifying. Although the nature of water stress varies with location, the typical problems faced in the project districts include: (i) lowering of groundwater table putting stress on the operation of STWs resulting in low irrigation efficiency; (ii) variability/shortage in availability of surface water flow in the existing natural channels (some silted up) restricting use of LLPs for supplementary irrigation; (iii) scattered drainage problems in lowlands during pre-monsoon (April – May) due to siltation of channels connected to river systems; (iv) reduced irrigation efficiency due to poor field conveyance through earthen (sandy) canal systems; (iv) scarcity of water in dry months causing shortage of water for drinking, essential household needs, and feeding of livestock; and (v) in the Bhola district in the South, while there are enough sweet tidal water flows in main river system almost throughout the whole year, but most in-village channels are in-filled with sediments making it difficult for farmers to lift water by LLPs during low tide in dry months (January – April).
Activities for water management include;
(i) conservation and utilization of surface water (including rain-water harvesting); (ii) enhancement of irrigation efficiency; and (iii) training and capacity building.
(i) Conservation and Utilization of Surface Water. The following activities should be undertaken by the relevant CIGs: (a) rehabilitation of (existing) natural water bodies, canals and ponds for better conservation of surface water; (b) in the Bhola District, rehabilitation of existing natural water channels to facilitate water conservation by entry of tidal sweet water; (c) harvesting rain-water in rehabilitated natural water bodies and creeks with clay cover to prevent loss; and (d) harvesting rain-water at homestead level for household consumption, livestock and kitchen garden use.
(ii) Enhancement of Irrigation Efficiency. The following activities should be undertaken: (i) installation of buried pipe network connections to linked to deep tube wells (DTWs) or Low-Lift Pumps (LLPs) on canals in appropriate locations to enhance field irrigation efficiency; (ii) enhancing pump efficiency (of LLPs and shallow tube wells or STWs); and (ii) repair of selected existing (non-functional) DTWs in the project area.
(iii) Training and Capacity Building. The project will support a variety of training: (i) to CIGs in on-farm water management (linked to Component Two demonstrations where possible); (ii) to farmers/LLP pump users/LLP pump mechanics; (iii) to farmers in rain-water harvesting; (iv) to BADC resource persons and by BADC resource persons to other stakeholders to enhance their skills and capacities.
5.4.2 Pest Management Safeguard Policy (OP 4.09)
The purposes of OP 4.09 are:
i) To ensure good practices that are applied in World Bank financed projects,
ii) To avoid excessive use of pesticides, and
iii) To promote environmentally sound and sustainable pest management.
Its objectives relevant to the ARTS project include:
i) To minimize the environmental and health hazards related to pesticide usage, and
ii) To ensure that pest management activities follow an Integrated Pest Management
(IPM) approach.
The overall pest management approach is based on the capacity of the country’s regulatory framework and institutions to promote and support safe, effective and environmentally sound pest management. OP 4.09 is triggered as:
i) the project is expected to introduce new pest management practices or expand or alter existing pest management practices, and/or
ii) the project may lead to substantially increased pesticide use and subsequent environmental and health risks because of the introduction of new crop varieties. In addition, use of pesticides and other agro-chemicals may increase as a result of the enhanced agriculture extension services activities by the DAE including supply of inputs like seeds of improved varieties, fertilizers etc.
Under the provision of OP 4.04, projects involving significant conversion or downgrading of natural habitat cannot be supported by the WB, unless the projects include adequate mitigation measures to protect natural habitats to a reasonable extent. The policy OP 4.09 supports safe, effective, and environmentally sound pest management.
The ARTS Project has been classified as Category "B" because, as a whole, it may result in only small-scale, and remediable impacts. Subprojects that fall under Category A will not be eligible for funding under the ARTS Project. The equivalence of Bank guideline categories and those of the ARTS Project are shown in Table 4.
The present EMF deals with project specific application of Bank policies outlined above. The EMF was disclosed in the public domain in the country and also in Bank’s Info Shop as per World Bank’s Disclosure Policy -- in-country and at the Info Shop – prior to appraisal.
5.5 Review of Current Practices in Similar Activities
As part of the preparation of this EMF, visits were undertaken to the fields and branch offices of the implementing agencies located in Sirajgonj District. The purpose was to assess the present conditions and identify the environmental issues relevant to the subprojects. Table 5 below shows the project areas where field visits were undertaken and a summary of the findings. The experiences gathered from these programs have been integrated in the preparation of the present EMF. More details on these consultations are shown in Annex. 4
Table 5: Project Areas Studied During Field Visits at Sirajgonj District.
|Sl. |Date |District |Upazila |Union Parishad/ |Comments/ Stakeholders |
| | | | |Village/Office | |
|1 |December 30, 2012|Sirajgonj |Belkuchi and |District offices, upazila |Flood Plain Area/ KII with: Deputy |
| |-January 1, 2013.| |Kamarkhando Upazilas |offices of DAE, DLS, DOF |Directors Detail findings |
| | | | |and 4 villages. |and recommendations are shown in |
| | | | | |Annex 4A, 4B,4C,4D(1), 4D(2), |
| | | | | |4D(3), 4D(4). |
6. SUBPROJECT PREPARATION, APPROVAL AND MONITORING
In this section the process for addressing the environmental concerns through the institutional arrangements and procedures used by the Project for managing the identification, preparation, approval and implementation of subprojects are discussed. The generic steps discussed below (Sections 6.1 through 6.5) are similar for subprojects. It is crucial that the procedures are clearly linked to the project-defined subproject cycle so that they can be readily included in, or referenced from, the Project Implementation Guidelines.
6.1 Subproject Document Preparation
Taking into consideration the learning from different pilots on CDD type projects in Bangladesh, the present ARTS Project has been designed to be closely aligned with the country’s elected local government at Union Parishad (UP) level. UP is the lowest administrative unit. It depends on the utilization of existing technical capacities available at the Upazila (UZ) level in the various line departments of the Government. The nine Wards-based (each is composed of three villages) and having at least three women elected members in it, the Union Parishads act as the bridges to the communities. Thus, the overall approach is that the subproject proponents, with the support of the environmental specialist of the Project Implementation Unit (PIU), will take steps to address environmental concerns during subproject preparation and these are described here in some detail.
In general, it is expected that the subproject team will work with the Project Coordination Unit's environmental staff as necessary in preparing their subproject documents to avoid or minimize adverse environmental impacts (Table-1&2, Annex-2). They will use an Environmental Monitoring Criteria (checklists), together with information on typical project impacts (Tables 3,4,5,6) and mitigation measures (Tables 1,2,3 Annex-3) to carry out this work. The aim of the checklist is to assist communities and extension teams in identifying potential impacts based on field investigations. The information in Annex-3 provides advice on how to avoid or minimize these impacts. The standard approach for community participation methods in the project will be used to address the environmental concerns also.
The ER checklist identifies the potential impacts of the subprojects; describes the measures that can be built into a subproject to address these impacts. The completed ER checklist must be preserved along with other project documentation or any additional reports that may be required (e.g. LEA (form-3 in Annex 2) for category-B subprojects). The checklist contains a certification by the subproject team that all measures required to avoid or minimize adverse environmental impacts are included in the subproject design. The Project Implementation Unit (PIU) environmental staff will need to check this for reasonability and enforce the negative list. The Project Coordination Unit (PCU) environmental staff can also assist and review as necessary. In some situations, for the most effective use of resources, it may be appropriate to prepare any needed additional reports (e.g. LEA) after a subproject proposal has been approved in principle. In these situations, a subproject cannot be finally approved and funded until such reports are received and approved.
It is advisable to avoid the need for special reports (e.g. LEA) since these require extra resources to prepare. However, these studies and reports may be worth the extra effort for an otherwise excellent subproject. In these cases, the subproject committee should discuss the issues involved with the UP authority to confirm the need, and to secure resources to carry out the work.
In some subproject situations mitigation measures will need to be specified more precisely than others, either in the application or as an Annex to it. It is expected that, with project training, the extension teams, with assistance from the PCU and the PIU environmental specialists, will be able to assist subproject teams in addressing these situations adequately when preparing their applications and later during project implementation. Such situations may include:
1) A subproject which involves changing access to resources in a park or protected area: The application must describe how affected people had an influential role in planning the subproject and benefiting from it. This particular case would necessitate the involvement of the PCU or PIU social specialist as well.
2) A subproject which may affect a protected area or a natural habitat: The application must describe how this subproject will avoid causing adverse effects on the area/habitat.
3) A subproject which will involve the use of pesticides: It must be specified that the pesticides used are included in the permitted category.
6.2 Appraisal and Approval
This section focuses on the procedures that will be used when reviewing and then approving subproject applications, for example by the UP level SAAOs and then by the Upazila level Agriculture officers. These procedures need to be consistent with applicable national approval procedures. They also need to be integrated into the planned project process of approving subprojects. The roles and responsibilities of various authorities at different levels, as appropriate: PIU environmental staff, PCU safeguard staff, UP, UZ and subproject committee are illustrated in Table 6.
The procedures first specify how the review authority determines whether a subproject proposal, along with the completed ER checklist as well as any appropriate and required reports already prepared, can be cleared for approval. The first step is an appraisal to determine whether all the relevant information have been provided, and if these are adequate.
Table 6: Environmental Assessment and Management Framework Arrangements
|Milestones |Objectives |Process |Responsibility |Decision/Product |
|1. Subproject Screening |
| Environmental Scoping |Scope subprojects |Review of the subproject proposal with support from|Proponent |Assign Environmental |
| |from environmental |PIU or Extension Resource Team to assign an |(Subproject team) |Category to subproject |
| |perspective |Environmental Category to it. | | |
| | | | | |
|Environmental Screening|Screen subprojects |Review of the subproject proposal using trained |Proponent |Completed ER form for |
| |from environmental |resource persons with support from the PIU or |(Subproject team) |subproject proposal |
| |perspective |extension resource team to fill the ER Form for all| | |
| | |subprojects | |Completed ER form for |
| | |Review of the subproject proposal using trained |Proponent |subproject proposal |
| | |resource persons with support from extension |(Subproject team) | |
| | |resource team and/or PIU Environmental Specialist | | |
| | |to fill the ER Form | | |
|2. Subproject Appraisal |
| Detailed Environment- |Appraise |Review ER with the help of extension resource team |PIU |Confirmation of |
|al Appraisal |environmental |and/or PIU Environmental Specialist in subprojects | |Environmental category.|
| |components of | | | |
| |subproject |Conduct site visits to Crosscheck: | |- accept project as |
| | |- type of Environmental issues; | |submitted. |
| | |- magnitude of Environmental issue; | | |
| | |- adequacy of Environmental management measures | | |
| | |provided; | | |
| | |- cost of implementing Environmental management | | |
| | |measures; | | |
| | |Suggest: | | |
| | |- modifications to be incorporated in environmental| | |
| | |components of the subproject; | | |
| | |- appropriate changes in other components of | | |
| | |subproject; | | |
| | |Finalize environmental components as part of | | |
| | |project appraisal report. | | |
From an environmental point of view, the PIU Safeguard staff determines if it is satisfied that the subproject proponent and extension team have thoroughly considered all potential adverse effects of the subproject, and included measures in the subproject plan to adequately address them.
6.3 Disclosure of Subproject Information
The environmental issues in a subproject should be disclosed with the subproject information if possible and feasible in order to make information available to the public in the spirit of the Bank’s Policy on Disclosure of Information. Communities should be made aware of any project works or activities that may affect them. Public consultation with pertinent stakeholders (including Project Affected Peoples and beneficiaries) in a language and form that is appropriate to the needs of the community will be undertaken and documented during environmental screening and before a subproject team permanently decides an environmental category. A Social specialist has been employed to carry out base line studies on ARTS Project impacts on communities within the project area. The Consultant has conducted such studies alongside informing them about the Proposed Project Activities.
6.4 Monitoring of Project Activities
The Project Director and Technical Coordinators from the seven implementing agencies (BARI, BINA, BRRI, DAE, DOF, DLS and HORTEX Foundation) along with experts in various relevant fields, in addition to project management, will also be responsible for: overseeing the implementation activities of the Project to facilitate performance monitoring of all Project activities; organize evaluation and impact assessment of the Project, arrange for expert advice and input from consultants; review and compile relevant reports; submit to WB and Project Steering Committee (PSC) every six months and Annual Progress Reports (APR) within one month of the due date, as well as Audit Report (AR) within six months of the close of the fiscal year.
6.4.1 Annual Reviews
The scopes of work and procedures for carrying out periodic (six monthly/annual/bi-annual) reviews of the implementation of the EMF in the subprojects are specified here.
The purpose of the reviews is two-fold:
• To assess compliance with EMF procedures, learn lessons, and improve future project environmental performance; and
• To assess the occurrence of, and potential for, cumulative impacts due to project-funded and other development activities.
The PIU will form the Review Teams for each of the subprojects including experts from the PIU, one Independent Specialist from outside Project and the District Agriculture Officer as secretary of the Team. The Review Team, before leaving a Sub-Project office, will share their observations regarding EMF implementation with the various staff members involved in the Sub-Project as well as leave the pertinent advice for them with regard to strict adherence to the EMF provisions and improvement in future.
6.4.2 Annual Reports
Local level project officials (i.e., those identified by the PIU) will normally be required to report annually on their subproject activities during the preceding year. These annual reports should include data on specific indicators pertaining to soil quality, water quality, pesticide use etc, and should capture the experience with implementation of the EMF procedures as well as the positive achievements resulting from the Project during the specific Project period. The purpose of these reports is to provide:
• A record of the subproject transactions;
• A record of experience and issues (including environmental issues) running from year-to-year throughout the subproject that can be used for identifying difficulties and improving performance;
• Data on each of the specific indicators; and
• Practical information for undertaking an annual review.
7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
This section of the EMF describes how subprojects will respond to the needs for environmental management, including pest management and the conservation of protected areas, natural habitats and forests. The issues addressed in this section, and thus what subsections outlined below are included in the EMF, depends on issues involved. As indicated earlier, environmental safeguards policies OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment and OP 4.09 Pest Management are applicable to the ARTS Project for Bangladesh but other policies may apply if certain situations arise.
7.1 Environmental Management in Subprojects[34]
The subproject planning should strive for plans and designs that avoid creating adverse environmental impacts which have to be explicitly managed. “Environment” is broadly defined to include the natural environment (air, water and land), and human health and safety. Subproject proponents, communities and extension teams (i.e., Sub-Assistant Agriculture Officer) can use the EMF checklist (ER Form) and resource and participatory process to support good environmental planning. If any excavation or construction work is involved in a Sub-Project, then the contractor should follow a set of principles to keep environmental degradation to the most minimum and protect any physical archeological/cultural resources unexpectedly found. A set of guidelines for such a contractor is presented in Annex-6.
The ARTS Project subprojects will require an explicit Limited Environment Assessment (LEA), where an environmental management plan (EMP) is to be included. The outline of the contents of an LEA is included in Annex-3 where Environmental Impacts, Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Measures in subprojects are presented.
Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures for agricultural research, agricultural extension and supply chain development are presented in Annex-3, Tables 1, 2 and 3, respectively. On the other hand, environmental monitoring for agricultural research and agricultural extension are presented in Annex-3, Tables 4 and 5.
Frequency of such monitoring will depend upon the nature of the indicators e.g. on seasonal, yearly and bi-annual basis. The monitoring exercises might need help of external experts if the PIU staff is not able to conduct them.
It should be emphasized that an LEA should fit the needs of a subproject and be easy to use. There is no standard format or length. For many small-scale subprojects, it may be no more than a few paragraphs or perhaps just a Table. On subprojects with more significant environmental concerns (e.g. waste management), a more substantive LEA may be warranted to highlight its importance.
The basic elements of an LEA are:
• A description of the possible adverse effects that the LEA is intended to deal with;
• A description of planned mitigation measures, and how and when they will be implemented;
• A program for monitoring the environmental effects of the subproject -- both positive and negative;
• A description of who will be responsible for implementing the LEA measures; and
• A cost estimate and source of funds.
Community participation is essential in preparing an LEA since local knowledge is important in identifying, designing and planning the implementation of practical mitigation measures. It is especially important where the success of the LEA measures depends on community support and action, both in implementing mitigation measures and in monitoring their effectiveness.
7.2 Pest Management[35]
The subprojects are expected to have only minor use for nationally approved pesticides and there may not be significant issues of pest management and pesticide use to be addressed in subprojects. Standard local practice on pesticide use can be followed and personnel in the Agricultural Extension office at UZ level can be consulted on this if required. Since OP 4.09 applies in this project, this EMF evaluates pest management issues. As explained earlier, no pesticide in the WHO Class-1A category will be used in this project. In fact, pesticide brands based on the dirty dozen have been banned in Bangladesh and these are given Annex-7. To ensure that none of the banned pesticides will be used in the sub-projects intentionally, there will be need for training of farmers on which pesticides are banned as well as proper storage, labeling and application processes. In addition, the sub-projects proponents will be instructed to observe this issue strictly.
The pest management issues can be involved in a variety of subprojects such as:
• New land-use development or changed cultivation practices in an area;
• Expansion of agricultural activities into new areas;
• Diversification into new agricultural crops;
• Intensification of existing low-technology agriculture systems;
• Development of veterinary facilities, cattle dips, etc.; and
• Control of vector-borne diseases (e.g. malaria).
• Value Chain Development.
It should be emphasized that pests are defined in the broad sense. In addition to agricultural insect pests and plant diseases, pests also include weeds, birds, rodents, and human or livestock disease vectors. Similarly, the FAO defines pesticides as any substance or mixture of substances:
• intended for preventing, destroying or controlling any pest, including a) vectors of human and animal disease, b) unwanted species of plants or animals causing harm during, or otherwise interfering with: production, processing, storage, transport or marketing of food, agricultural commodities, wood and wood products or animal feedstuffs;
• that may be administered to animals for the control of insects, arachnids or other pests in or on their body;
• intended for use as a plant-growth regulator, defoliant, desiccant, or agent for thinning fruit or preventing the premature fall of fruit; and
• substances applied to crops either before or after harvest to protect the commodity from deterioration during storage and transport.
The project will promote IPM as much as possible throughout project activities especially through training activities which will be discussed and agreed during project implementation. Some project activities will already support IPM through research or technology dissemination.
7.3 Protected Areas, Natural Habitats and Forests[36]
Natural habitats need to be conserved and protected when planning and implementing subprojects. Protected Areas, Natural Habitats and Forests are land and water areas whose ecological functions have not been essentially modified by human activities. This EMF applies the Bank’s policy on natural habitat OP 4.04 by including measures to determine or examine whether a subproject would significantly convert or degrade a natural habitat.
Significant conversion means eliminating or severely reducing the integrity of a natural habitat through long-term change in land or water use. It may include, for example, land clearing; replacement of natural vegetation; permanent flooding; and drainage, dredging, filling, or channelization of wetlands. It can occur as the result of severe pollution or it can result directly from subproject activities or indirectly (e.g. through induced settlement along a road).
Degradation means substantially reducing the ability of a natural habitat to maintain viable populations of its native species.
Subprojects involving the significant conversion or degradation of critical natural habitats (including forests) cannot be funded. The following are natural habitats that are:
• protected by government (e.g. Parks, World Heritage Sites) or by tradition ; or have known high suitability for biodiversity conservation; or
• critical for rare, vulnerable, migratory, or endangered species.
Bangladesh has two designated Ramsar Sites, namely part of the Sunderbans mangrove forest and Tanguar Haor. The ARTS Project area does not contain any Ramsar sites. Even some project areas are not adjacent to Sundarbans. As mentioned earlier (Section 5. 3, International Obligations) Bangladesh is a signatory to the Ramsar Convention, and as a signatory, the country is bound to adhere to the "wise use of wetlands". Ramsar Convention is not relevant to the ARTS Project since none of its sites are included in the Project Area. The project will also work to ensure that subprojects do not negatively or significantly affect any wetlands that may be in close proximity.
• There are no forests in the Project Area and so the only concern is that any Subprojects that could affect a forest in close proximity, must take measures to avoid significant harm (including conversion or degradation) to the forest.
7.4 Safety of Dams[37]
No dams are envisaged as a sub-project activity at present. However, in future small earthen dams (usually less than 4 meters in height) could be repaired according to traditional local practice. These small dams are usually fish pond embankments. Since occasional tidal surges damage these kind of dams in the Southern Districts, such a subproject may be considered useful in a few Upazilas of Bhola District implemented jointly with other ongoing project in the area.
7.5 Project Coordination and Implementation
The roles and responsibilities for all participants (e.g. communities, local authorities like UP, Upazila Resource Team (URT) in preparing, reviewing, approving and implementing subprojects are given in some detail in this section. This includes institutional arrangements for managing the subproject cycle.
7.5.1 Organizational Structure
In order to ensure that the policy obligations and associated procedures in the Environmental Management Framework (EMF) are operationalised, the organizational support structure of the ARTS Project for subproject planning, review and implementation is to be appropriately organized. The NATP management will arrange for helping the extension teams of ARTS Project in preparing and overseeing the Environmental component of the subprojects. The extension teams in the Upazila level will consist of personnel from the line departments such as DAE, DOF, and DLS. The team members should be adequately briefed and trained with resource support from the ARTS Project as necessary. The role of the PCU and PIU Environmental staff (as mentioned above) will be crucial in almost all issues related to the environmental aspects of any subproject. The extension teams will also assist in working with subprojects to implement environmentally sustainable practices and will receive training to that end.
7.5.2 Responsibility Allocation Framework
A majority of the projects to be financed are expected to be environmentally benign projects or those where best practices available can be easily applied. The ARTS Project will have environmental staff in the PCU and the PIUs that will be responsible for implementing this EMF and for making sure that the Project addresses pertinent environmental concerns.
These staff will be responsible for the following:
PCU Safeguard Staff’s Environmental Responsibilities
1. Coordinate with other Project management officials to coordinate environmental activities within the Project implementation as a whole including implementation of the EMF and ensuring the adoption of necessary mitigation measures.
2. Implementation of EMF in the Project as a whole across the multiple Project agencies/entities and response to their needs. Adjustment of EMF as necessary to accommodate Project, environmental or other relevant changes or conditions which may not have been originally foreseen in consultation with the World Bank.
3. Provide information, resources (additional information, good environmental practice, etc.) and assistance to PIU as needed.
4. Provide inputs to reports on environmental performance of project as a whole as necessary including the annual reviews, etc.
5. Ensure that excluded activities are not financed.
6. In coordination with PIU staff, ensure that the various pest management training and activities are conducted with an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach. Involves following up on training, research and activities, etc. supplying guidance and feedback to project entities on this as needed. To adapt the EMF as necessary, with Bank knowledge and approval
7. Recommend rejection of any subproject proposal that would cause significant environmental harm unless mitigation can be agreed upon.
8. Conduct annual reviews to assess compliance with EMF procedures, learn lessons and determine how to improve the project’s environmental performance.
PIU Safeguard Staff’s Environmental Responsibilities
1. Provide assistance to subproject proponents in determining environmental issues their proposal faces, what documentation or permitting may be needed, filling out documentation for the Project, providing good environmental practice, etc.
2. Review environmental documentation to ensure project environmental management practices (generally as reflected in the EMF) are implemented.
3. Ensure that excluded activities are not financed.
4. Recommend rejection of any subproject proposal that would cause significant environmental harm unless mitigation can be agreed upon.
5. Verify subproject environmental categorization.
Qualifications and Background
Given that the specialists carrying out environmental responsibilities will likely have other safeguard responsibilities, only the most basic qualifications and background related to the environment are outlined here in this EMF. The necessary qualifications as well as desirable qualifications of the Safeguard Specialist of the PCU should include the following:
• A Ph.D. degree in environmental or agricultural science with background or experience in social and environmental or agricultural sciences.
• At least some work experience in social/environmentally related activities in agricultural projects.
The ARTS Project management will ensure sensitivity to environmental aspects of various subprojects among the UZ resource teams, so that they can provide competent support at the UP level. This will be done by providing training (through appropriate agencies) to UP and UZ level officials (i.e., Sub-Assistant Agricultural Officers and Upazilla Agriculture Officers) of the DAE and other departments (i.e. Fisheries and Livestock). Attempts should be made to involve local inhabitants wherever possible to ensure local agreement with appropriateness to ensure effective subproject preparation, implementation, operation and maintenance. Additionally, the ARTS Project should maintain a list of consultants from among individuals or organizations who have the full range of expertise to address environmental concerns related to anticipated subprojects. They can be used to address project specific environmental issues as and when necessary for the following:
• Advising ARTS Project on environmental issues especially the ones that require highly specialized experience such as pesticide management, water resources management, chemical fertilizer management, etc.
• Selective review of ER, LEA and other documents from the proponents for quality assessment; and
• Selective monitoring and evaluation of subprojects.
The service of the consultants at the PCU level may also be utilized to undertake the annual sample environmental audit of all the ARTS Project financed subprojects.
7.6 Grievance Redress
The Project addresses these concerns in the Social Assessment and Social Management Framework.
7.7 Construction of office or other facilities
If any small construction (such as two - roomed office facility for the SAAOs in Wards of UPs) does become essential then these should be simple brick structures without involvement of any asbestos or lead paint, refurbishing and any other material causing environmental problems. All construction activities will make use of the Environmental Guidelines for Contractors contained in Annex 6.
7.8 Arsenic Testing
The project will notify DPHE about any contamination of arsenic in food if that is found or suspected anywhere in the project areas. DPHE will then take necessary action according to their mandate.
8. CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING
The environmental sustainability of the ARTS Project that involve funding of multiple, small-scale subprojects is highly and unavoidably dependent on the capacity of communities and local and national authorities to carry out the associated design, planning, approval and implementation work. Thus, to ensure that capacity, it is vital that ARTS Project allocates sufficient resources to training and capacity building especially in the early years. These efforts will not only benefit the ARTS Project, but will also build local capacity to undertake other development initiatives funded locally or by other donors.
8.1 Institutional Capacity Assessment
An assessment of the existing institutional capacity to implement the EMF is presented in this section. It focuses on the adequacy of the institutions identified in Section- 2 to carry out their EMF responsibilities. It assesses, at a minimum, the adequacy of:
• the institutional structure, and its authorities at all relevant levels, to address environmental management issues;
• the number and qualifications of staff to carry out their EMF responsibilities;
• resources to support staff in their work; and
• knowledge and experience relevant to carrying out environmental analyses and designing mitigation measures for small-scale infrastructure.
• past track record of the institution such as providing clearances on time, enforcing necessary laws, regulations or provisions, etc.
Although the past tract records of research and extension organization involved in ARTS Project on providing clearances on time, enforcing necessary laws, regulations, or provisions are modest enough, their experience in providing environmental ( environmentally protective) support to farmers before might not have been sufficient/ up to the requirement to implement the ARTS Project EMF without proper training and awareness creation. Imparting training to the involved personnel will be necessary for successful implementation of the Project.
At the project proponent level, the institutional capacity to implement the EMF may be limited at the beginning. However, as a part of the institutional capacity building for the project as a whole, Upazila Resource Teams (URTs) -- comprising of professionals of relevant GOB agencies – will be formed and trained in different aspects of the project, including interpretation and implementation of environmental impact management guidelines. As and when required, the UPs can avail the services of the URTs. The trained Upazilla level officials can be utilized to conduct awareness-building type training for members of subproject team and members who would be involved in subproject selection and implementation process (i.e., subproject committee members and concerned citizens).
The Department of Agriculture Extension and other related departments have reasonably the strongest presence at the UZ level with varying number of staff members depending on the size of the UZ and cropping intensity at the UZ. The DAE staff includes Agricultural extension workers (i.e., SAAOs), and UZ Agriculture Officer (UAO). DAE staff also have long experiences in planning, designing and implementation of projects similar to what is planned in ARTS Project. Other relevant government departments represented at the UZ level includes Fisheries, Livestock, DPHE, Health, Disaster Management etc, the staff levels being much smaller in these offices. Thus DAE is expected to be the main support plank for the ARTS Projects' subproject activities. Although general awareness on environmental issues exist among UZ level staff, focused training and capacity building would enhance the EMF implementation capacity substantially on their part. PCU and PIU environmental staff will be given the resources to carry out the proper implementation of this EMF and observation/consideration of safeguard policies.
8.2 Capacity Building
ARTS Project envisages capacity building at all levels i.e., Wards, UPs, UZs and ARTS Project management as necessary to ensure that the EMF is effectively operationalized. The PCU Environmental staff will also integrate environmentally relevant components to already proposed training efforts throughout the project. The ARTS Project personnel will be exposed to formal training in the management of environmental issues. The training program for various role players (including subproject personnel) will include :
i) an orientation program on the EMF,
ii) Environmental Assessment Processes,
iii) Participatory Methodologies, and
iv) Project Management and other topics as necessary.
ARTS Project will help improve the effectiveness of local proponents in the management of environmental and social impacts during planning, implementation and operation of proposed investments. Proposed criteria for capacity building subprojects are shown in Table 7, which will be used as modules in capacity building at all levels.
Table 7: Capacity Building Criteria for Managing Subprojects
|Issue |Concern |Eligibility Criteria |
| | | |
|1. Environmentally sound |Realistic environmental |Proponents effectively decide questions of what mitigation is needed |
|subprojects, complying with |standards for planning and |to manage risks, who is eligible for what and determining how much is|
|agreed EMF policy |implementation. |enough to achieve the standards, for environmental protection. |
| | |Accuracy and credibility of baseline data and reasonable certainty of|
| |Effective monitoring of actual|detecting and correcting any errors or problems during planning and |
| |mitigation results. |implementation. To be able to meet standards, the proponents must |
| | |have sensitive monitoring systems & specific indicators using the |
| | |existing templates of NATP. |
| | | |
| |Clear incentives and |Proponents have clear statements of task assignments, reasonable |
| |accountability for all |corrective consequences for mistakes or failures and unambiguous |
| |partners. |responsibility and sources of financing to correct problems, and |
| | |functioning grievance redress systems. |
| | | |
| |Common awareness and |Communication to ensure common awareness of standards, monitoring and|
| |understanding of the above. |accountability by those affected, contractors, NGOs, independent |
| | |consultants, proponents, government agencies and donors. |
| | |Continued |
| | | |
|2. Participatory planning and|Sub project prioritization is |Resolution of the proponents in support of the sub – project after |
|implementation and inclusion |based on adequate |public meeting. |
|of the poor in project |consultation. | |
|benefits. | | |
| | | |
| |Effective accountability to |Formal endorsement by the community through public hearings and |
| |citizens. |documented periodic reporting of proponents performance to citizens; |
Capacity building will enhance the subprojects’ EMF management capacity by allowing real application of the critical practices such as the following:
• Basic practices: screening impacts, scoping assessments, planning mitigation options, public consultation to assess feasibility and acceptability options.
• Environment: Project design to minimize environmental impacts and social disruption; restoration of drainage patterns, land use etc; including mitigation measures for impacts during implementation; monitoring of effectiveness of measures.
• Monitoring and Grievance Redress: Transparency and public consultation in planning, reporting and supervision and during implementation, documenting land transactions, complaint response record keeping and procedures.
8.3 Training Needs and Plans
The training programs will be coordinated and anchored within the ARTS Project management at the national level. Local and National Institutions and individuals experienced in environmental aspects of subprojects will be called upon to develop and conduct courses on various modules.
The section describes the training needs and plan for the various participants involved in implementing the EMF based, in part, on the institutional assessment described above. The training on EMF may be integrated with the Social Framework and other related training programs for cost effectiveness and synergies. The objectives of the training under the EMF are to:
• support representatives and leaders of community groups and associations to prioritize their needs, and to identify, prepare, implement and manage the environmental aspects of their subprojects;
• ensure that UP and UZ level officials have the capacity to assist in preparing subproject proposals, and to appraise, approve and supervise the implementation of subprojects; and
• strengthen local NGOs and other stakeholders which may be involved in the preparation and implementation of subprojects.
Different groups involved in ARTS Project implementation have different training needs in terms of raised awareness, sensitization to the issues, and detailed technical training:
• Awareness-raising for participants who need to appreciate the significance or relevance of environmental issues;
• Sensitization to the issues for participants who need to be familiar enough with the issues that they can make informed and specific requests for technical support; and
• Detailed technical training for participants who will need to analyze potentially adverse environmental impacts, to prescribe mitigation approaches and measures, and to prepare and supervise the implementation of management plans. This training will address such matters as community participation methods; environmental analysis; using the ER checklist, reporting; and subproject supervision and monitoring.
The different training needs that are generally associated with the projects are given in Table 8. Based on these needs, a training plan has to be worked out for the life time of the project. The needs for various participants (e.g. government officials, community leaders, farmers, extension teams) should be differentiated as necessary. While some would require general awareness building, more specific training would be needed for others. The table shows the initial training needs as well as the needs for further or “refresher” training. It should include mechanisms for periodically bringing trainees together to examine the need for and design of additional training.
The detailed agenda and specification of resource needs (venue, trainers, materials, etc.) for each type of training activity should be worked out in detail before the training activities are undertaken. Wherever there is a wide-spread need for a particular form of training, especially at the community level, the training-of-trainers (TOT) approach may be undertaken. In the TOT approach, identified groups who have a special role or access to communities are given a combination of technical and pedagogical training, and are provided with manuals and other training aids, so that they can organize their own courses at local levels. In the present case, UZ level technical personnel could be such trainers for UP level subproject personnel and concerned people including those from NGOs.
Table 8: Outline of Different Training Needs for Sub-Project Proponents[38]
|Group |Participants |Venue |Resource persons|Duration |Frequency |
|District level officials| Officials from |Central (ARTS Project)|Experts/ |1- day workshop/training|Year 1 of the Project|
|of Line Ministries |Agriculture, | |Consultants | | |
|involved in the Project |Fisheries, Livestock | | | | |
| |and other concerned | | | | |
| |Departments | | | | |
| | | | |½-day refresher |After Year 1 as |
| | | | |workshop/ training |needed |
|UZ Resource Team |UZ Officials from |Central (ARTS Project |Experts/ |1-day workshop/ training|Year 1 of the Project|
| |DAE, Fisheries, |or at District level) |Consultants | | |
| |Livestock and other | | | | |
| |concerned Departments| | | | |
| | | | |1-day EMF review |Annually after Year 1|
| | | | |workshop/ training |and Annual Reviews |
|Community |SAAOs, UP Chairmen, |Local (UZ level) |UZ resource Team|1-day workshop/ training|As needed throughout |
|Leaders/Workers |Members, Secretary | |Members | |the project |
| |and other concerned | | | | |
| |UP level departmental| | | | |
| |workers | | | | |
|Farmers |Selected Farmers, |To Be Determined |Experts/ |To Be Determined/ |As far in advance |
| |aquaculture | |Consultants |training |before subproject |
| |subproject proponents| | | |activities start |
8.4 Resources for Capacity Building
The capacity building and training constitute a separate component of the ARTS Project and adequate resources from this component should be allocated to ensure effective implementation of the EMF. Resources are needed to implement the following items:
• Institutional development activities
• The training programme for communities, extension teams and local authorities to implement their EMF responsibilities
9. Consultation
Public consultations were held on the project including environmental aspects. Drafts of this EMF were posted on the Ministry of Agriculture website and its availability for 30 days of public commentary was announced in two Bangladesh newspapers on --------------- in the daily ----------- and on -----------in the daily ----------------. No comments were received during this time. However, the EMF was drafted with consideration of points from the meetings of the WB Pre-Appraisal Mission with DAE, DLS, DOF, PCU of NATP, HORTEX Foundation, Heads of BARI, BRRI, BINA, BFRI, BLRI etc. Annex 4 contains further details on the consultations and Annex 7 contains copies of the newspaper announcements.
10. BUDGET
The costs of awareness building activities for each implementing units will be included in the budgets. This includes training events on IPM, ICM, AWD, Composting, Biogas Plant, Sorting, Grading, Use of safe water, PH and Oxygen level in pond etc. However some activities which are related to capacity building will be organized centrally. Resources are needed on the following:
• Training of the designated personnel
• Training, Institutional Development and Capacity Building
• Small Equipment
• Field Visits
All activities are already accounted for in the Project’s Procurement Plan.
1. Personnel: The project will have 6 designated technical persons in the implementing units and they will cover, among other responsibilities, the environmental safeguards for the project. There will be a specialist in the Project Coordination Unit (PCU).
2. Training and Capacity Building: Three main entities need to be trained in safe management and application of agrochemicals (especially pesticides)[39] and other important environmental good practices: farmers, the project functionaries and the safeguards designated staff at the departmental units (DAE, DLS , DOF and SCDC) and Project Coordination Unit (PCU). In particular, the safeguards staff and other project entities may need training to implement their EMF responsibilities.
a. The project aims to reach farmers through working with Farmer Groups. Training in safe handling of agrochemicals and any other important environmental concerns can be part of the regular training, likely to be given by DAE, DLS, DOF and Supply Chain component. Costs for such training are covered in PIUs budget.
b. Training and professional development in environmental aspects of the Project will be available to staff with environmental responsibilities such as designated staff in the PIUs, PCU as well as district, upazila or other technical staff as necessary. The general Project budget includes provision for training of all staff including those with environmental responsibilities.
3. Equipment: In order to carry out their duties, especially for the field visits, the safeguards officers need access to cameras and laptop computers. This equipment is part of the office pool of equipment to which the designated staff should have access.
4. Field visits: Among other activities designated focal person should monitor the environmental and social safeguard aspect of the project activities. They should collect and maintain database and share with PCU for making a central database.
11. ANNEXES
ANNEX 1: References
1. EMF for NATP (2006) and Guidelines for ESSM (NATP, 2011)
2. EMF for LGSP (SDF, 2006)
3. EMF Bosnia (2007)
4. ESMF for Bihar Rural Livelihoods Project, India (2007)
5. Project PCN
6. Bangladesh: State of the Environment, 2001
7. D. G. Kinniburgh and P. N. Smedley, Arsenic contamination of groundwater in Bangladesh, BGS Technical Report WC/00/19, Vol. 1-4 (2001); UNDP, Groundwater Survey: The Hydro-geological Conditions of Bangladesh, UNDP Technical Report DP/UN/BGD-74-009/1(1982)
8. M. Khaliquzzaman and A. H. Khan, Arsenic Exposure of Bangladesh Population through Food Chain, Report prepared for SEARO WHO, Delhi (2003) (URL: physics.harvard.edu/.../arsenic/arsenic_project_introduction.html)
9. Coastal Zone Policy 2005.
10. IFC guidelines on EHS (2007)
11. Addresses the requirements of OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment.
12. OP 4.09 Pest Management; provides much more detailed guidance, and access to pest management and IPM resources.
13. OP 4.04 Natural Habitats and OP 4.36 Forests.
14. OP 4.37 Safety of Dams.
15. FAO (2006) Arsenic contamination of irrigation water, soil and crops in Bangladesh. Accessed at on July 26, 2011.
16. British Geological Survey (BGS) and the Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE) (2001). Arsenic contamination of groundwater in Bangladesh. Vol 2: Final report. Kinniburgh, D. G. and Smedley, P. L. (eds). British Geological Survey Technical Report WC/00/19.
17. School of Environmental Studies-Dhaka Community Hospital (SOES-DCH) accessed July 28, 2011.
18. Jean’s Arsenic Site. “All about arsenic, how it gets into drinking water and why it matters,” accessed July 26, 2011.
19. World Bank-Water and Sanitation Program (2005). Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater in South and East Asian Countries. Vol. II Technical Report, No 31303.
20. Department of Public Health Engineering, accessed July 26, 2011.
21. WHO. Guidelines for drinking-water quality - 4th ed. Accessed at on July 27, 2011.
22. Shaikh M.A.Q. 2011. Agricultural Research and Extension Management: Achievements and Weaknesses. Keynote paper presented at the Round Table Discussion on the same subject, Organized by the Bangladesh Academy of Agriculture (BAAG), October 2, 2011, BARC Auditorium, Dhaka.
23. Shaikh M.A.Q. 2007. Consulting Report on " Reformulation of BARC Act 1996 for Greater Efficiency of the National Agricultural Research System", NATP, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Dhaka.
24. Hussain, M.Gul. 2005. Bangladesh Agriculture: A Critique on Performances and Challenges of Tomorrow. Jatio Shahitya Prakashoni, 21/1 Purana Paltan, Dhaka 1000.
25. MoA, 1999. National Agricultural Policy, Ministry of Agriculture, GOB, Dhaka.
26. Shaikh, M.A.Q. 2012. Consultancy report on, "Farmers' Access to Agricultural Inputs (Seeds, Fertilizers, Pesticides, Irrigation, Technologies and Subsidies) Vis-a-Vis the Implementation Status of Agricultural Extension Services : Policy Limitations and Recommendations", WAVE Foundation/ Asia Foundation, Dhaka.
ANNEX -2
Table 1 : Exclusion Criteria for CGP and SPGR Research Proposals and CIG Micro Plans (Crops, Livestock, Fisheries and Supply Chain Development) as an integral part of Environmental and Social Management Frameworks
Project ID No. (Concept Note/ Full Research Proposal)/Name of CIG Group:
Title of the Project/Title of Demonstration/Activity :..............................................................................
Location :..................................................................................................................................................
|Safeguard Issues* |Yes |No |
|Safeguard Policies triggered by the project | |X |
|Likely environmental impact assessment |X | |
|Danger to natural habitats | |X |
|Unsafe pest management | |X |
|Threat to cultural property | |X |
|Involuntary resettlement | |X |
|Affecting indigenous people | |X |
|Negative impacts of forest | |X |
|Threat to safety of dams | |X |
|Projects/CIG micro plan activities in disputed areas | |X |
|Projects/CIG micro plan activities on international waterways | |X |
|Physical Obstruction and closing water flows affecting aquaculture, waterways, fisheries | |X |
|GMO use | |X |
|Increased drudgery for women | |X |
|Cause flooding, ground water depletion and saline intrusion | |X |
|Increased arsenic contamination | |X |
|Use of banned/hazardous agrochemicals | |X |
|Endangered to indigenous varieties or species (crops, livestock, fishes) | |X |
|Impacts adversely to vulnerable sections of the society | |X |
|Farmer group (CIG) involvement |X | |
|Women participation/use of women group |X | |
|Women empowerment (Leadership development) |X | |
* Subprojects or CIG micro plan activities should comply with the above safeguard issues. Otherwise research proposals/CIG micro plan activities should be right way rejected.
Signature of the Evaluator
Annex – 2
Table 2 : Environmental Assessment for Pre-Selection of Concept Notes/Full Proposals of Sub-
Projects in Agricultural Research in Crops/Livestock/Fisheries under CGP/SPGR and
Activities in Supply Chain Development
Project ID No. (Concept Note/Full Research Proposal) : .......................................................................
Title of the Project :..................................................................................................................................
Location : .......................................................................Name of PI :......................................................
|Sl. |Environmental Issue |Component/Activity involved |Expected Nature of Impact* |Remark |
|No | | | | |
| | | |Positive |Negative |None | |
|1 |Agro-Chemicals |IPM | | | | |
| | |More pesticide use | | | | |
| | |Health Hazard | | | | |
| | |Banned Insecticide or agrochemical uses | | | | |
|2 |Soil Quality |More Urea Fertilizer use. | | | | |
| | |Balanced Fertilizer use. | | | | |
| | |Heavy metal contamination. | | | | |
| | |Any other activity that deteriorates the soil quality | | | | |
|3 |Soil Salinity |Salinity level and salinity intrusion. | | | | |
|4 |Water Management |Ground water depletion | | | | |
| | |Maintenance of water quality | | | | |
|5 |SPS and MRL |Maintain sanitary and phyto-sanitary standards (SPS) and | | | | |
| | |maximum residual levels (MRL) of produces. | | | | |
|6 |Post harvest |Use harmful preservatives, coloring agents or any other | | | | |
| |contamination |additives. | | | | |
|7 |Biodiversity |Any activity that endangers indigenous crop/livestock/fish | | | | |
| | |species. | | | | |
|8 |Pollution |Soil | | | | |
| | |Water | | | | |
| | |Air | | | | |
|Overall Comment/ Observation by the | |
|Assessor | |
Note: Assessment is for the sub-project concept note /full research proposal only and its cycle.
• Only the major environmental issues are considered. Depending on the objective and nature of the proposal, assessment would include only those specific relevant issues.
• Health, safety and environment (HSE) are the primary concerns and thus all to be centered around HSE.
• Genetic diversity : To cover crops/livestock/fisheries as applicable.
• Heavy metal contamination : From Project activities by e.g. arsenic, lead, cadmium or any other.
• Health Hazards: To be considered in respect of residual effect of pesticide, use of chemicals in preservation, processing and artificial ripening.
• Pollution: Quality aspects as influenced by the project activities.
• *Please tick only one in case of "Expected Nature of Impact". "Expected Nature of Impact" should be positive or none. If negative, then the proposal should be rejected or necessary corrective measure(s) should be suggested before submitting again. If environmental issue/component/activity is not relevant. please write "Not Applicable" in the remark column.
Signature of the Assessor
ANNEX -2
Table 3 : Environmental Monitoring for Agricultural Extension (Crops)
Name of Respondent with Designation:..................................................................................................
|Sl. No |Environmental |
| |Issue |
Note: Monitoring/Assessment is for the project activities only during project period.
• Only the major environmental issues are considered. Depending on the objective and nature of the project activities, monitoring would include only those specific relevant issues.
• Health, safety and environment (HSE) are the primary concerns and thus all to be centered around HSE.
• Genetic diversity : To cover crops/livestock/fisheries as applicable.
Signature of the Monitor
ANNEX -2
Table 4 : Environmental Monitoring for Agricultural Extension (Livestock)
Name of Respondent with Designation:..................................................................................................
Name of Upazila : .......................................................................Name of District :................................
|Sl. No |Environmental |
| |Issue |
Note: Monitoring is for the project activities only during project period.
• Only the major environmental issues are considered. Depending on the objective and nature of the project activities, monitoring would include only those specific relevant issues.
• Health, safety and environment (HSE) are the primary concerns and thus all to be centered around HSE.
• Genetic diversity : To cover crops/livestock/fisheries as applicable.
• Pollution: Quality aspects as influenced by the project activities.
Signature of the Monitor
ANNEX -2
Table 5 : Environmental Monitoring for Agricultural Extension (Fisheries)
Name of Respondent with Designation:..................................................................................................
Name of Upazila : .......................................................................Name of District :................................
|Sl. No |Environmental |
| |Issue |
Note: Monitoring is for the project activties only during project period.
• Only the major environmental issues are considered. Depending on the objective and nature of the project activities, monitoring would include only those specific relevant issues.
• Health, safety and environment (HSE) are the primary concerns and thus all to be centered around HSE.
• Heavy metal contamination : From Project activities by arsenic, lead, cadmium or any other.
Signature of the Monitor
ANNEX -2
Table 6 : Environmental Monitoring for Supply Chain Development (HORTEX Foundation)
Name of Respondent with Designation:..................................................................................................
Name of Upazila : .......................................................................Name of District :................................
|Sl. No |Environmental |
| |Issue |
Note: Monitoring is for the project activities only during project period.
* HF = Hortex Foundation, BSTI= Bangladesh Standard & Testing Institute.
• Only the major environmental issues are considered. Depending on the objective and nature of the project activities, monitoring/assessment would include only those specific relevant issues.
• Health, safety and environment (HSE) are the primary concerns and thus all to be centered around HSE.
• Health Hazards: To be considered in respect of residual effect of pesticide, use of chemicals in preservation, processing and artificial ripening besides non-compliance to safety measures like, use of masks, gloves etc.
Signature of the Monitor
ANNEX 3. Outline of Limited Environment Assessment (LEA) Contents:
Environmental Impacts, Mitigation Measures and Monitoring in Sub- Projects
Table 1. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures for Agricultural Research
|Possible Environmental Degradation |Mitigation measurement |
|Loss of biodiversity |Gene Banks for various crops exists in relevant research |
| |institutes such as for rice at the BRRI, for other grain crops, |
| |pulses and oil-seed crops at BARI and BINA and their facilities |
| |are modest. |
| |Preservation of germplasm of indigenous varieties, Improvement of|
| |indigenous varieties, |
| |Using the environment friendly characters of indigenous varieties|
| |in breeding programs, |
| |Facilitation of germplasm preservation by local agencies. |
|Increased pest infestation |Integrated pest management |
| |Development of pest tolerant varieties |
| |Development of technologies like grafting for increased pest |
| |tolerance |
|Arsenic contamination |Promote rainfed agriculture |
|High input requiring crops |Improvement of indigenous varieties having moderate yield |
| |potentials with low input requirement |
| | |
| |Integrated Nutrients Management (INM) |
|Drought |Development of drought tolerant varieties |
| |Integrated water resources management (IWRM) |
| | |
|Soil salinity |Development of salt tolerant varieties |
| |Preservation of brackish water ( in creeks) having salinity level|
| |within crop tolerance limit for irrigation in the pre-monsoon |
| |season |
| |Judicious use of rain water |
ANNEX 3: Outline of LEA Contents: Environmental Impacts,
Mitigation Measures and Monitoring in Projects activities
Table 2. Mitigation Measures for Agricultural Extension
|Possible environmental degradation |Mitigation/ Enhancement Measure |
|Soil degradation |Preparation and application of compost |
| |Use of organic matter like animal manures including cow dung and |
| |farmyard manures, green manure, oilcake, industrial organic |
| |wastes, homestead waste etc |
| |Application of vermi-compost. |
| |Incorporation of biomass of leguminous crops into the soil after |
| |harvesting pods and nuts |
| |Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) |
|Declines in soil fertility |Balanced fertilizer application |
| |Use of organic manures for balanced nutrients |
| |Crop diversification |
| |Use of bio-fertilizers |
| | |
|Soil salinity |Use of duck weed for removing soil salinity |
| |Flushing soil with monsoon rain water |
| |Shrimp-rice farming system |
| |Green Manure |
| |Discouraging ground water abstraction for shrimp farming |
|Pest infestation |Use of varieties tolerant to pest infestation |
| |Crop diversification |
| |Integrated pest management[40] |
| |Planting multiple varieties with varying susceptibility to pests |
|Health hazard from handling Agro-chemicals |Training of farmers on proper spraying, storage and handling |
| |techniques |
| |Use of bio-pesticides |
| |Use of gloves and masks |
ANNEX 3: Outline of LEA Contents: Environmental Impacts,
Mitigation Measures and Monitoring in Projects Activities
Table 3. Mitigation Measures for Value Chain Developments
|Possible Environmental Degradation | Mitigation Measures |
|Exotic species | |
| |Selection through a screening process with particular emphasis on disease |
| |susceptibility |
| |Development of local species with disease resistance |
| |Development of policy on import of exotic species |
| | |
| | |
| | |
|Environmental pollution from poultry and dairy farm| |
| |Awareness and training on hygienic procedures of poultry and dairy farms |
| |management |
| |Adoption of proper hygienic procedures in poultry and dairy farms |
|System loss of irrigation water: |Construction of water distribution system (buried pipe line) commensurate |
|The farmers are not well versed with the modern |with upgrading of the skill of the farmers in on-farm water management will |
|agricultural & irrigation technological knowledge. |reduce wastage of water. Consequently irrigation efficiency will be improved|
|Misuse of water as well as high price of diesel and|and production cost will be decreased. |
|spare parts are resulting in increased irrigation |As the farmers will have to purchase irrigation water on hourly / seasonally|
|cost culminating in increased production cost. |/ yearly basis, there will be less scope for over pumping and misuse of |
| |surface/ground water as they will be trained for efficient use of irrigation|
| |water. |
ANNEX 3. Outline of LEA Contents: Environmental Impacts,
Mitigation Measures and Monitoring in Sub-Projects (contd.)
Table 4. Environmental Monitoring: Agricultural Research
|Sl. |Environmental issue |Indicator |Base line |Measurement |Change |
|No | | | | | |
|1 |Biodiversity |Varieties preserved | |Number | |
| | |Local varieties used in breeding | |" | |
| | |program | | | |
| | |Varieties preserved in situ | |" | |
|2 |Soil Quality |Organic matter content | |% | |
| | |Soil pH | |< 7 > | |
| | |Types of compost | |Number | |
| | |Types of bio fertilizers | | | |
|3 |Pest control |Pest tolerant varieties developed | |Number | |
|4 |Soil Salinity |Salinity tolerant varieties released| |Number | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|5 |Arsenic contamination |Water samples tested | |Number | |
ANNEX 3. Outline of LEA Contents: Environmental Impacts,
Mitigation Measures and Monitoring in Project activities
Table 5. Environmental Monitoring: Agricultural Extension
|Sl. |Environmental issue |Indicator |Base line |Measurement |Change |
|No | | | | | |
|1 |Biodiversity |Local varieties gown | |Number | |
| | |Hybrid varieties grown | |Number | |
|2 |Soil Quality |Area use in compost | |Acres | |
| | |Area under green manure | |Acres | |
| | |Area under bio fertilizer | |Acres | |
| | |Area incorporating plant residues in | |Acres | |
| | |soil | | | |
| | |Quantity of chemical fertilizer used | |Kg/acre | |
| | |by type | | | |
| | |Area under diversified cropping | |Acres | |
| | |pattern | | | |
|3 |Pest control |Area under IPM | |Acres | |
| | |Quantity of chemical pesticides used | |Litres/acre | |
| | |Quantity of bio pesticides used | |Litres/acres | |
| | |No. of dealers/ retailers using gloves| |Number | |
| | |and masks | | | |
| | |No. of persons using masks while | |Number | |
| | |spraying agro chemicals | | | |
|4 |Soil Salinity |Area under rice-shrimp farming | |Acres | |
| | |practice | | | |
| | |Area under boro rice with preserved | |Acres | |
| | |brackish water | | | |
|5 |Arsenic contamination |Families adopting rain water | |Number | |
| | |harvesting | | | |
| | |Area switched over from ground water | |Acres | |
| | |to surface water | | | |
| | |Families availing mitigation measures | |Number | |
ANNEX 4A: Reports on Consultations with Stakeholders and Potential Beneficiaries (District & Upazila level officers, Sirajgonj)
|Date |Place |Organized By |Participant groups |Consultation aspects |Issues highlighted |
|KII AT FIELD LEVEL ESTABLISHMENTS OF AGRICULTURAL AGENCIES (DAE) |
|Dec. 30, |DAE office, |M.A.Q Shaikh, |Shafiqul Alam |Overall problems of |Crops Grown: Rice, mustard, pulses, wheat, |
|2012 |Sirajgonj |EnvironmentConsultant|Deputy Director; |agricultural production |potato, vegetable, jute, sugarcane, maize, |
| | | |Mir Nur Alam |in the proposed ARTS |ground nut etc. |
| | | |District Training |Project area & possible |Proposed Technologies : Soil health improvement;|
| | | |Officer; |mitigation measures, |surface water irrigation using LLP with delivery|
| | | |Delwar Mojumdar, Crop |problems in technology |pipe & buried pipe for use of underground water;|
| | | |Production Specialist; |transfer. Future |introduction of wheat cultivation in place of |
| | | |Arshed Ali, Plant |prospects. |rice in high / medium highland; promotion of AWD|
| | | |Protection Specialist; | |in Boro rice; production, processing & marketing|
| | | | |Agricultural constraints |of quality seeds; supporting institutions / |
| | | |District Agricultural |in the district to be |clubs to minimize pesticide use. |
| | | |Office, Sirajgonj. |covered by the proposed |Production Problems Encountered : |
| | | |Md. Mahbub Alam, |ARTS Project. |Decreased OM in the soil |
| | | |Upazila Agriculture | |Insufficient knowledge of farmers regarding |
| | | |Officer, Belkuchi, | |modern agricultural practices. |
| | | |Upazila Sirajgonj. | |Non-availability of modern agril. machineries / |
| | | |Md. Reaz Uddin, Upazila| |equipment. |
| | | |Agriculture Officer, | |Lack of agricultural product marketing |
| | | |Kamarkanda Upazila, | |infrastructure. |
| | | |Sirajgonj. | |Decreased source of surface water. |
| | | | | |Decreased underground water level. |
| | | | | |Misuse of irrigation water. |
| | | | | |Stagnant water in some places. |
ANNEX 4A: Reports on Consultations with Stakeholders and
Potential Beneficiaries, District & Upazila level officers, Sirajgonj: (Continued).
|Date |Place |Organized by |Participant |Consultation |Issues highlighted |
| | | |groups |aspects | |
|KII AT FIELD LEVEL ESTABLISHMENTS OF AGRICULTURAL AGENCIES ( DAE) |
| | | | | |Sudden flooding / river erosion. |
| | | | | |Pesticide hazard |
| | | | | |Brown Plant Hoppers (BPH). infestation increasing |
| | | | | |Lack of any Sub-station of any Research Institute in|
| | | | | |the district. |
| | | | | |Seed companies are cheating farmers with un-adapted |
| | | | | |hybrid seed |
| | | | | |TLS of BADC are often of low quality (They buy from |
| | | | | |market) |
| | | | | |SCA officer is incapable to take care of three |
| | | | | |districts' seeds. |
| | | | | |Manpower shortage in the District & Upazilas |
| | | | | |Lack of logistic support |
| | | | | |Fertility of soil decreasing , Steps to Overcome the|
| | | | | |Barriers / Problems |
| | | | | |OM Replenishment to be organized. |
| | | | | |Awareness creation among farmers and imparting |
| | | | | |appropriate training for improving knowledge and |
| | | | | |skill through ICM / IPM clubs. |
| | | | | |Infrastructure development for improving |
| | | | | |agricultural marketing. |
| | | | | |Supplying LLP with delivery pipe for complementary |
| | | | | |irrigation using surface water. |
ANNEX 4A: Reports on Consultations with Stakeholders and
Potential Beneficiaries, District & Upazila level officers, Sirajgonj: (Continued)
|Date |Place |Organized by |Participant |Consultation |Issues highlighted |
| | | |groups |aspects | |
|KII AT FIELD LEVEL ESTABLISHMENTS OF AGRICULTURAL AGENCIES ( DAE) |
| | | | | |Introducing buried pipeline system and also to |
| | | | | |create opportunities for constructing concrete |
| | | | | |irrigation channel. |
| | | | | |Introduction of Vermicompost |
| | | | | |Introducing bio safety measures and reduced use of |
| | | | | |pesticides through. pheromone traps, light traps, |
| | | | | |perching, crop rotation etc. |
| | | | | |ARTS research component should be prepared to |
| | | | | |analyze soil samples from privately operated STW |
| | | | | |command areas. |
| | | | | |Training for officers of DAE involved in |
| | | | | |implementing ARTS Project should be organized. |
| | | | | |Training of farmers in pesticide use should be |
| | | | | |strengthened further. |
| | | | | |Training, Field days, Demonstration to be organized |
| | | | | |for farmers. |
| | | | | |No prospect of environmental degradation is |
| | | | | |envisaged due to the proposed Project. |
ANNEX 4B: Reports on Consultations with Stakeholders and
Potential Beneficiaries, District & Upazila level Officers, , Sirajgonj
|KII AT FIELD LEVEL ESTABLISHMENTS OF AGRICULTURAL AGENCIES (DLS) |
|Date |Place |Organized |Participants |Consultation Aspects |Issues highlighted |
| | |by | | | |
|December |District |M.A.Q. |Shafiqul Islam |Overall problems of |Current Situation |
|31, 2012 |Livestock |Shaikh |District Livestock |livestock production in |In the district, there are 10,000 dairy, |
| |Office (DLO), |Environment Consultant|Officer, Sirajgonj; |the proposed project area |2000 poultry, 500 duck farmers. Milk buyers |
| |Sirajgonj | |Arunangshu Mondol |& possible mitigation |: Milk Vita, Pran, Aarong, Akij Group. Dairy|
| | | |Upazila Livestock |measures, problems in |and poultry farmers trained (200) |
| | | |Officer, Belkuchi |technology transfer. |Problems |
| | | |Upazila, Sirajgonj; |Future prospects. |Management Problem acute. |
| | | |Md. Abdus Samad Upazila| |Pollution due to dairy & poultry farms |
| | | |Livestock Officer, |Constraints in the |encountered occasionally . |
| | | |Kamarkhanda Upazila |district to be covered by |Hay price very high. |
| | | |Sirajgonj. |the proposed ARTS Project.|No groupings of farmers. |
| | | | | |Awareness of farmers not very high. |
| | | | | |Main problem, lack of manpower in offices |
| | | | | |Other problem, lack of logistics in offices.|
| | | | | | |
| | | | | |Solutions |
| | | | | |ICM clubs to be established. |
| | | | | |Training programs to be executed for better |
| | | | | |management of dairy & poultry farms. |
| | | | | |Bio-security to be introduced and expanded |
| | | | | |through awareness creation and training. |
| | | | | |Extra training needed for raising of calves.|
ANNEX 4B: Reports on Consultations with Stakeholders and
Potential Beneficiaries, District & Upazila level Officers, Sirajgonj (Continued)
|KII AT FIELD LEVEL ESTABLISHMENTS OF AGRICULTURAL AGENCIES (DLS) |
|Date |Place |Organized by |Participants |Consultation Aspects |Issues highlighted |
| | | | | |Pollution due to dairy & Poultry farms will be |
| | | | | |minimized through awareness creation & appropriate |
| | | | | |training. |
| | | | | |Silage and hay production to be encouraged through |
| | | | | |demonstration. |
| | | | | |Maize cultivation to be encouraged for production |
| | | | | |of dairy & poultry feed. |
| | | | | |Urea-molasses, Urea straw & bio gas production to |
| | | | | |be encouraged. |
| | | | | |Training & awareness creation for fodder |
| | | | | |cultivation to be implemented. |
| | | | | |Awareness creation for prevention of Anthrax to be |
| | | | | |implemented. |
| | | | | |More posts to be created in the Districts & |
| | | | | |Upazilas for better performance of the department. |
| | | | | |DLS officers involved in implementing the ARTS |
| | | | | |Project should be trained by the relevant agencies.|
| | | | | | |
| | | | | |Community Extension Agent for Livestock (CEAL): |
| | | | | |Very useful but not employed permanently. Should be|
| | | | | |brought under full time service without delay. |
ANNEX 4C: Reports on Consultations with Stakeholders and Potential
Beneficiaries, District & Upazila level Officers, Sirajgonj
|Date |Place |Organized by |Participant groups |Consultation |Issues highlighted |
| | | | |aspects | |
|KII AT FIELD LEVEL ESTABLISHMENTS OF AGRICULTURAL AGENCIES (DOF) |
|December |District |M.A.Q. Shaikh, |Horendro Nath Sarkar |Overall problems of fish |Current Situation |
|30, 2012 |Fisheries office,|Environment |District Fisheries |production in the proposed|Ponds dry up in December in the Chouhali & |
| |Sirajgonj |Consultant. |Officer, Sirajgonj. |ARTS project area & |Belkuchi Upazilas, some in Kamarkanda |
| | | |Prodeep Kumar Sarkar,|possible mitigation |Only seasonal aquaculture practiced in most |
| | | |Upazilla Fisheries |measures, problems in |ponds. |
| | | |Officer. Belkuchi |technology transfer. |Knowledge & skill of pond owners are not |
| | | |Upazila, Shafiqul |Future prospects. |always up to the mark. |
| | | |Islam, Upazila | |Pond owners need financial assistance. |
| | | |Fisheries Officer | |Fish fries are not easily available from |
| | | |(Incharge), | |nearby areas. |
| | | |Kamarkhanda | |Important posts like Assistant Fisheries |
| | | |Upazila, Sirajgonj. | |Officer (Chouhali Upazila) & Upazila |
| | | | | |Fisheries Officer (Kamarkhandha Upazila) are |
| | | | | |vacant. |
| | | | | |Logistic support is very poor in all the |
| | | | | |District and Upazila Offices. |
| | | | | |Magistrate is called for establishing mobile |
| | | | | |courts for stopping cultivation of Piranha, |
| | | | | |the destructive fish. |
| | | | | |No prospect of environmental degradation is |
| | | | | |envisaged due to the proposed ARTS Project. |
ANNEX 4C: Reports on Consultations with Stakeholders and Potential
Beneficiaries, District & Upazila level Officers, Sirajgonj (Continued)
|Date |Place |Organized By |Participant groups |Consultation |Issue highlighted |
| | | | |aspects | |
|KII AT FIELD LEVEL ESTABLISHMENTS OF AGRICULTURAL AGENCIES (DOF) |
| | | | | |Solutions Needed |
| | | | | |More posts are needed in the District & |
| | | | | |Upazila Offices. |
| | | | | |Vacant posts should be filled up immediately.|
| | | | | | |
| | | | | |Logistic support should be improved. |
| | | | | |Loan with no interest should be provided to |
| | | | | |pond owners. |
| | | | | |Training of pond owners should be arranged in|
| | | | | |a much bigger scale. |
| | | | | |DOA officers responsible for implementing the|
| | | | | |ARTS Project should be trained in the |
| | | | | |relevant issues. |
ANNEX 4D (1): Reports on Consultations with Stakeholders and
Potential Beneficiaries
|PRA / FGD AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL | | |
|Date |Place |Organized |Participant Group |Consultation |Issues highlighted |
| | |by | |aspects | |
|31/12/12 |Village Megula Upazila |M.A.Q. Shaikh |A group of women |Access to resources, Livelihoods, |Described below * |
| |Belkuchi Dist. Sirajgonj. |Environment |numbering 35 in total |Agricultural activities: | |
| | |Consultant | |Livestock | |
| | | | |Crops | |
| | | | |Fisheries | |
| | | | |Concerns of being adversely | |
| | | | |affected by ARTS Project | |
| | | | |implementation Mitigation measures| |
* Family status :
• Mostly house wives, husbands are day labors, some are divorced, some are widows.
• All 35 are living on the flood protection bunds, tenants of owners of the land, landless/marginal farmers. Takes on lease 2-5 decimals (0.02-0.05 acres) of land
• Engaged in dairy cow rearing ( one or two cows) and beef fattening.
• Fodder collected from ownerless land on the river bed and river banks, cattle feed is bought from market.
Problems and Mitigations :
• Occasional diseases incidence and needs of deworming occurs. Help from Upazila Livestock Office available.
• Artificial Insemination available. Service of bulls and he-goats are available in lieu of money.
• Hybrid cows produce 7-8 liters of milk, local cows produce 2 liters.
• Advice from SAAOs are sometimes available.
• Some husbands cultivate 1-2 bighas of land on share cropping basis, farm yard manure produced by these households.
• Backyard poultry is common to all.
• Advice from DLS, DAE etc are available occasionally.
• Environmental pollution is not present, no prospect of population through implementation of ARTS Project.
ANNEX 4D (2): Reports on Consultations with Stakeholders and
Potential Beneficiaries
|PRA / FGD AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL |
|Date |Place |Type of meeting |Participant Group |Consultation aspects |Issues highlighted |
|December 31,2012 |Village Gograkhali, |M.A.Q. Shaikh |A group of mixed farmers|Access to resources, Livelihoods,|Described below * |
| |UP Dowlatpur, Upazila |Environment | |Agricultural activities: | |
| |Blekuchi Dist. Sirajgonj |Consultant | |Crops | |
| | | | |Livestock | |
| | | | |Fisheries | |
| | | | |Concerns of being adversely | |
| | | | |affected by ARTS implementation | |
| | | | |Mitigation measures | |
* Crop / Livestock / Fisheries
• Rice, mustard, jute, potato, vegetables, wheat
• Cattle, goats, backyard poultry, few ducks in some households
Problems encountered
• Hybrid rice (Heera-2) - coarse grain, lower price.
• Mite attack in jute, no tolerant variety available.
• ICM club exists but not much useful.
• T. Aman yields not upto expectation
Mitigation measures utilized / suggested
➢ Avoiding growing of hybrid rice
➢ requesting for training through the ICM club like some other areas in the region.
➢ Demanding seed of BR-52 of T-Aman in larger quantities.
➢ Awareness creation and Demonstration / Training for organic fertilizer production needed.
➢ Line sowing of wheat introduced by Wheat Research Center is highly useful for minimizing seed picking by birds thereby saving labor cost.
➢ Implementation of ARTS Project will not jeopardize the environment.
ANNEX 4D(3): Reports on Consultations with Stakeholders and
Potential Beneficiaries
|PRA / FGD AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL |
|Date |Place |Type of meeting |Participant Group |Consultation aspects |Issues highlighted |
|December 31, 2012|Village Char Jhaoil |M.A.Q Shaikh |A group of 40 crop & | Access to resources, Livelihoods, |Described below * |
| |U.P. Shahidnagar, Upazila |Environment |livestock farmers |Agricultural activities: | |
| |Kamarkanda, Dist. Sirajgonj |Consultant | |Crops | |
| | | | |Livestock | |
| | | | |Fisheries | |
| | | | |Concerns of being adversely affected | |
| | | | |by the ARTS Project implementation | |
| | | | |Mitigation measures | |
Specializations
➢ Mainly crops grown
➢ Some livestock grown
➢ Very little fisheries
➢ Beef fattening
➢ Backyard poultry
➢ Local breeds of cows, milk only two liters/ day
➢ Pesticide application is quite common
Problems to production
➢ Would like to have demonstration type training for using urea-molasses and urea-hay preparation.
➢ IPM clubs are wanted to minimize pesticide use
➢ A. I. facilities demanded
➢ Availability of poultry vaccines should be made simpler and training on vaccination desired.
➢ Would like to have interest free loan for buying much cows.
➢ No prospect of degradation due to intervention of subprojects of the ARTS Project.
ANNEX 4D(4): Reports on Consultations with Stakeholders and
Potential Beneficiaries
|PRA / FGD AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL | | |
|Date |Place |Type of meeting |Participant Group |Consultation aspects |Issue highlighted |
|December |Village Bharanga, Po |M.A.Q |Crop, livestock and |Access to resources, |Described below * |
|31, 2012 |Porabari, UP Jhaoil, |Shaikh |fisheries farmers |Livelihoods, | |
| |Upazila Kamarkanda, |Environment |ICM members 25 |Agricultural activities: | |
| |Dist. Sirajginj |Consultant |Others 10 |Crops | |
| | | |35 |Livestock | |
| | | | |Fisheries | |
| | | | |Concerns of being adversely | |
| | | | |affected by the ARTS Project | |
| | | | |implementation | |
| | | | |Mitigation measures | |
* Activities
• Main activity is crop production
• Cow rearing - local breed majority
• Homestead gardening
• A.I. available but hybrid cows are not big in number
• The village is called "Milk Village"
• Poor women rear goats
• Mixed culture of fish is practiced
• Backyard poultry.
Training & Service Opportunities
➢ Received training in IPM 4 months ago from Upazila Agric. Office
➢ Use perching and light trap for insect control
➢ Apply granular urea
➢ Sprayed mango trees with pesticides twice, yield doubled this year due to spraying.
➢ SAAOs are called through cell phones to get advice from them.
➢ Deworming & vaccine available in lieu of money
➢ Training on fish culture received 4 years ago, should be repeated.
➢ Fisheries officers do not come to villages for providing advice
➢ SAAOs and sellers of fish-fries give advice
➢ No prospect of environmental degradation due to ARTS Project implementation
ANNEX 5: List of Banned Pesticides in Bangladesh (Updated Up to December 2012)
|Sl. |Name of pesticide |Registration |Name of Company |
|No | |Number | |
| |1. Diazinon |14G AP-08 |Shetu Corporation Ltd. |
| |2. Bizaguard |2P AP-09 |Ciba-Geigy (Bangladesh) Ltd. |
| |3. Roxion |40EC AP-11 |International Services (Bangladesh) Ltd |
| |4. Dankavapon |100 AP-13 |Shetu Corporation Ltd. |
| |5. Damphin |2P AP-19 |Ciba-Geigy (Bangladesh) Ltd. |
| |6. Diazinon |90L AP-20 |Ciba-Geigy (Bangladesh) Ltd. |
| |7. Damphin 950EC |AP-25 |Ciba-Geigy (Bangladesh) Ltd. |
| |8. Dichlorovos |AP-27 |Bayer (Bangladesh) Ltd. |
| |9. Cureterr 3G |AP-30 |Bayer (Bangladesh) Ltd. |
| |10. 2,4-D Na Salf |AP-34 |Bayer (Bangladesh) Ltd. |
| |11. Folithion ULVC 98 |AP-36 |Bayer (Bangladesh) Ltd. |
| |12. Methybron |AP-38 |Excell trading Co. |
| |13. Heptachlor 40WP |AP-39 |Krishi Banijjya Protishthan |
| |14. Chlordane 40 WP |AP-40 |Krishi Banijjya Protishthan |
| |15. Aerovap 100 EC |AP-41 |Liza Enterprise Ltd. |
| |16. Aerodriel 20EC |AP-42 |Liza Enterprise Ltd. |
| |17. Aeromal 57% EC |AP-44 |Liza Enterprise Ltd. |
| |18. Padan 10G |AP-52 |Data Enterprise Ltd. |
| |19. Fenitrothin 98 |AP-53 |Farm Chemical corporation Ltd. |
| |20. Carbin 85 WP |AP-54 |Farm Chemical corporation Ltd. |
| |21. Diamal 57EC |AP-55 |Farm Chemical corporation Ltd. |
| |22. Detia Gas EXT |AP-56 |Farm Chemical corporation Ltd. |
| |23. Dichlovos 100 |AP-57 |Farm Chemical corporation Ltd. |
| |24. Methyl Bromide 98 |AP-58 |Farm Chemical corporation Ltd. |
| |25. Malathion 57EC |AP-68 |BPI Ltd. |
| |26. Cureterr 3G |AP-69 |Bayer (Bangladesh) Ltd. |
| |27. Dieldrin 20EC |AP-73 |Shell Company of Bangladesh Ltd. |
| |28. Bidrin 24WSC |AP-74 |Shell Company of Bangladesh Ltd. |
| |29. Malathion 57EC |AP-78 |Burma Eastern Ltd. |
| |30. Vapona |AP-79 |Shell Company of Bangladesh Ltd. |
| |31. Bidrin 85WSC |AP-80 |Shell Company of Bangladesh Ltd. |
| |32. Diealdrin 50WP |AP-82 |Shell Company of Bangladesh Ltd. |
| |33. Dieldrin 40WP |AP-83 |Shell Company of Bangladesh Ltd. |
| |34. Furadan 3G |AP-85 |FMC International S. A. |
| |35. Actellic 2% Dust |AP-99 |Bangladesh Manufacturers Ltd. |
| |36. Quickphos |AP-102 |Agrani Traders |
| |37. Torque 550g/l |AP-115 |International Service Bangladesh Ltd. |
| |38. Ridan 3G |AP-131 |Rupali Sangstha Ltd. |
| |39. Bkzne 14G |AP-135 |B. K. Traders Ltd. |
| |40 Aerocypermethrin |AP-137 |Liza Enterprise Ltd. |
| |41. Karmex |AP-145 |BEXIMCO Agrochemicals Ltd. |
| |42. Carbaryl 85Wp |AP-147 |Shetu Corporation Ltd. |
| |43. Agridhan 3G |AP-154 |Shetu Corporation Ltd. |
| |44. Tecto 2% Dust |AP-157 |Alco Pharma Ltd. |
| |45. Manex II |AP-163 |Shetu Corporation Ltd. |
| |46. Phytox MZ-80 |AP-164 |Liza Enterprise |
| |47. Uniflow TM Sulphur |AP-167 |Shetu Corporation |
| |48. Fenkil 20EC |AP-169 |Agrani Traders |
| |49. Sunfuran 3G |AP-171 |Shertu Corporation Ltd. |
| |50. Hekthion 57EC |AP-178 |Farm Chemicals Corporation Ltd. |
| |51. Poligor 40EC |AP-180 |Farm Chemicals Corporation Ltd. |
| |52. Melbromid 98 |AP-185 |Horizon Trade Ltd. |
| |53. Mebrom |AP-186 |Bengal Wings Trade Ltd. |
| |54. Agrine 85WP |AP-187 |Edgro (Pvt) Ltd. |
| |55. Drawizon 60EC |AP-190 |Keeco Pesticides Ltd. |
| |56. Gastoxin |AP-195 |Bright Corporation |
| |57. Cekomethrin 10EC |AP-219 |Premier Traders |
| |58. Cythrin |AP-220 |Bari and company Ltd. |
| |59. Cekuthoate 40EC |AP-225 |Premier Traders |
| |60. Arifos 20EC |AP-229 |Bari and company Ltd. |
| |61. Malathion 57EC |AP-230 |Sabrina Trading Corporation. |
| |62. Cardan 5G |AP-234 |Bari and Company Ltd. |
| |63. Diazinon 14G |AP-236 |Liza Enterprise Ltd. |
| |64. Rizinon 60EC |AP-239 |Bari and Company Ltd. |
| |65. Zincphosphide |AP-258 |Liza Enterprise Ltd. |
| |66. Davison Glyphosate |AP-266 |Shetu Pesticides Ltd. |
| |67. Morestan 25WP |AP-269 |BEXIMCO Agrochemicals Ltd. |
| |68. Manzate 200 |AP-22 &277 |Auto Equipment Ltd. |
| |69. Dimecron 100Sl |AP-301 |Novratis (Bangladesh) Ltd. |
| |70. Pillarcron 100SL |AP-148 |Shetu Pesticides Ltd. |
| |71. Benicron 100WSC |AP-06 |Sabrina Trading Corporation. |
| |72. DDVP 100W/V |AP-03 |ACI Formulations Ltd. |
| |73. ChemoDDVP 100EC |AP-245 |Chemsfil Bangladesh Ltd. |
| |74. DDVP 100EC |AP-151 |Mcdonald Bangladesh (Pvt) Ltd. |
| |75. Nogos 100EC |AP-26&274 |Novertis (BD) Ltd. |
| |76. Phosvit 100EC |AP-46 |Data enterprises Ltd. |
| |77. Daman 100EC |AP-325 |Petrochem (B) Ltd. |
| |78. Azodrin 40WSC |AP-336 |BASF Bangladesh Ltd. |
| |79. Nuvacron 40SL |AP-18&275 |Novratis (Bangladesh) Ltd. |
| |80. Megaphos 40SL |AP-175 |Mcdonald Bangladesh (Pvt) Ltd. |
| |81. Phoskil 40SL |AP-339 |United Phophorous (Bangladesh) Ltd. |
| |82. Kadette 40WSC |AP-284 |BISCO Pesticides & Chemical Corporation |
| |83. Monophos 40WSC |AP-328 |Alpha Agro Ltd. |
| |84. Monodrin 40WSC |AP-07 |Sabrina Trading Corporation |
| |85. Corophos 40SL |AP-342 |Corbel International Ltd. |
| |86. Luphos 40SL |AP-388 |ACI Formulations LTD. |
| |87. Amcordin 40SL |AP-340 |Atherton Imbros Co. Ltd |
| |88. Vitacron 40SL |AP-341 |Shetu Marketting Co. |
| |89. Monotaf 40WSL |AP-331 |Auto Equipment Ltd |
| |90. Tamaron 40SL |AP-188 |Haychem (B) Ltd. |
| |91. Folythion 50EC |AP-32 |Haychem (B) Ltd. |
| |92. Macuprex 65% |AP-65 |Bayer Crop Science |
| |93. Zithiol 57EC |AP-126 |Rohn Polenk Bangladesh. |
| |94. Delapon Na-84 |AP-66 |Rohn Polenk Bangladesh. |
| |95. Anthio 25EC |AP-64 |Rohn Polenk Bangladesh. |
| |96. Zolone 35EC |AP-67 |Rohn Polenk Bangladesh. |
| |97. Rentokill CC Type 75% |AP-221 |Getco Limited |
| |98. Paramount CC Type |AP-300 |B. D. Associate and Company. |
| |99. Darsbun 20EC |PHP-5 |Auto Equipment Ltd. |
| |100. Darsbun 20EC |PHP-85 |Auto Equipment Ltd. |
| |101.Basudin 10G |AP-23 |Syngenta Bangladesh Ltd. |
| |102.Diazinon 60EC |AP-24 |Syngenta Bangladesh Ltd. |
| |103.Mortin King Mosquito |PHP-54 |Reckit and Benckiser Bangladesh Ltd. |
| |Coil | | |
| |104.Mortin Mosquito Coil |PHP-101 |Reckit and Benckiser Bangladesh Ltd. |
| |105. Sarfium 56% |AP-689 |Sar Trade |
| |106. Sicofen 20 EC |AP-624 |Genetica |
| |107. Pesnon 57 EC |AP-189 |Sea Trade Fertilizer Ltd. |
| |108. Sicofen 20 EC |AP-624 |Genetica |
Internationally banned chemicals in 122 countries including Bangladesh:
The internationally banned chemicals are known as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP).
POPs include nine pesticides (Aldrin, Chlordane, DDT, Dieldrin, Endrin, Heptachlor,
Hexachlorobenzine, Mirex and Toxaphane). Mirex and toxaphane never entered into
Bangladesh. Two other chemicals (Furans and dioxins) which are by-products of other
chemical processes are also banned.
Annex 6. Environmental Guidelines for Contractors
The following guidelines should be included in the contractor's agreements:
• Installation of the work site on areas far enough from water points, houses and sensitive areas.
• Sanitary equipments and installations
• Site regulation (what is allowed and not allowed on work sites)
• Compliance with laws, rules and other permits in vigor.
• Hygiene and security on work sites
• Protect neighboring properties
• Ensure the permanence of the traffic and access of neighboring populations during the works to avoid hindrance to traffic
• Protect staff working on work sites by supplying the appropriate Personal Protective Equipment and taking reasonable precautions as detailed in the World Bank Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines especially the General Construction Section.
• Soil, surface and groundwater protection: avoid any wastewater discharge, oil spill and discharge of any type of pollutants on soils, in surface or groundwater, in sewers, drainage ditches or into the sea.
• Protection of the environment against noise: reduce work site noise likely to seriously disturb neighboring people.
• Protect the environment against exhaust fuels and oils
• Protect the environment against dust and other solid residues
• Waste management: install containers to collect the wastes generated next to the areas of activity.
• Degradation/demolition of private properties: inform and raise the awareness of the populations before any activity of degradation of gods. Compensate beneficiaries before any demolition.
• Use a quarry of materials according to the mining code requirements
• Compensation planting in case of deforestation or tree felling
• No burning of waste and trash on the site
• Speed limitation of work site engines and cars
• Allow the access of Public and emergency services
• Organize the storage of materials on the public highway
• Parking and displacements of machines
• Footbridges and access of neighbors
• Install signage indicating works and provide notice to community residents.
• Respect of cultural sites. Stop work and notify authorities if a cultural object is found.
• Reclamation of the sites at the end of the works
• Dispose safely of asbestos
• Consider impacts such as noise, dust, and safety concerns on the surrounding population and schedule construction activities accordingly;
• Protect soil surfaces during construction;
• Ensure proper drainage.
ANNEX 7: Environment and Social Management Organogram and Indicative budget
ANNEX 7.1 KGF
Introduction: Environmental and social safeguard management activities are also important in the proposed ARTS project. In KGF component of NATP, major focus of the ARTS project is on coastal and hill districts. The activities will be carried out at the field level as well as in the respective Research Stations. CIG farmers will be included wherever available. The tentative organ gram and budget (cost) are shown below:
The Organ gram (Description)
|Position |Responsibility |
|Executive Director, KGF |Coordinate, implement and integrate the environmental and social management activities in the |
| |participating research Institute and with the NATP –PCU focal person |
|Director, KGF |Coordinate, implement and integrate the environmental and social management activities in |
| |respective research institute through KGF focal persons |
|Dr. Rahim Uddin Ahmed |Monitor and supervise field activities and get the field data collected and compiled for the |
|Senior Program Officer, KGF |respective projects. |
|Project Investigator of the research Institute |Monitor E&S activities; and collect and compile relevant data from the CIG and non-CIG farmers, |
| |and experiment stations. |
| |Coordinate, implement and integrate the environmental and social management activities in the |
|KGF-NATP Focal Person |research field as well as in the farmers field. |
|Mr. Md Abul Faiz Kutubi | |
|Program Officer (Research Management) | |
Activities of environmental and social safeguard management and its Cost:
Estimated cost to be needed to perform activities on environmental and social safeguard management in proposed ARTS project (For KGF part) is shown below along with detailed costing (Table 1).
a. Training = Tk. 7.60 Lakh
b. Workshops = Tk. 4.0 Lakh
c. Monitoring: Tk. 12.0 lakh
d. Miscellaneous: Tk. 6.0 Lakh
Total Tk. 29.60 Lakh
Table 1: Detailed costing.
|Line item |Description |Costing (Tk. in | |
| | |Lakh) | |
| | | |Year 1 |
| | | |Year 2 |
| | | |Year 3 |
| | | |Total |
| | | | |
|a. Training |i)Farmers training|30 X13 batch |5, 20, 000 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| |(400) |@40,000per batch | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | |20X2 batch | | | | |
| |ii)Principal |@40,000per batch |80,000 |0.00 |0.00 | |
| |Investigator(40) | | | | |7, 60,000 |
| | |20X4 batch | | | | |
| | |@40,000per batch | | | | |
| |iii)Research | |1,60,000 |0.00 |0.00 | |
| |assistant and | | | | | |
| |extension worker | | | | | |
| |(80) | | | | | |
|b. Workshops |2 batches, |2 X 2 = 4.00 Lakh | 2,00,000 | 0.00 | 2,00,000 |4.00,000 |
| |Day-long | | | | | |
|c. Monitoring |2-3 times per year| 12 Lakh | 4.00,000 | 4.00,000 | 4.00,000 |12.00,000 |
|d. Miscellaneous |e.g. Publications |Tk. 6.00 | 2.00,000 | 2.00,000 | 2.00,000 |6.00,000 |
| |of leaflet, | | | | | |
| |booklet, poster, | | | | | |
| |etc | | | | | |
|Total (a+b+c+d) | 15,60,000 | 6,00,000 | 8,00,000 | 29,60,000 |
Monitoring Systems in KGF are shown below:
a. Field monitoring will be done by KGF experts on all the research activities including environmental and social safeguard issues accomplished by the Principal Investigator
b. Field Monitoring will also be done by Independent monitoring Team on all the awarded projects including environmental and social safeguard issues (once in a year ).
c. Concurrent monitoring by hired farm (quarterly basis).
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ANNEX 7.2 Hortex
Initiating the changes- SCDC, NATP interventions
The supply chain component (SCDC) of NATP has undertaken initiative to address the sanitary and phytosanitary issues related to HVCs through pro-active and coordinated approach with DAE to make necessary interventions for developing safety and quality assurance systems in HVCs. The following interventions has already made in this regard:
- Conducted survey/case study to assess the quality assurance systems in horticultural supply chain;
- Initiated awareness programme among the CIGs and other actors of the supply chain through consultations and meetings;
- Imparted trainings, organized seminar/workshops on maintenance of produce quality and safety;
- Strengthened IPM practices thorough using of pheromone traps, bio-agents for pest control ;
- Shared knowledge on Good Agricultural Practices (GAP),Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and HACCP through consultation meetings, organizing seminars, workshops and publishing booklets etc.
- Published following booklets* and distributed to stakeholders :
a) Booklet (English) on “Postharvest Technology for Maintaining Safety and Quality of Fruits and Vegetables”; 16 pages
The document contains Issues and concerns of Environment at Farm Level; postharvest management practices to maintain the produce quality and safety; and suggested measures to overcome the problems of maintaining produce quality and safety.
b) Booklet (Bangla) on “ Technologies of Producing Safe Fruits and Vegetables” 16 pages
The document contains impact of pesticides use on human health and environmental pollution; methods of pest management; methods of safe application of pesticides; IPM techniques of fruits and vegetables pest management.
• Booklets are written by Dr.Md.Saleh Ahmed, Postharvest & Quality Assurance Expert, SCDC,NATP, Hortex Foundation
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|Post Harvest Handling of Horticultural Crops |
|MAINTAINING QUALITY OF FRESH PRODUCE |
| |
|Harvesting Tips |
|Containers used for harvesting should be: clean; smooth and free of rough edges; vented; and not too large. Steel or plastic buckets make|
|good harvesting containers. |
|Use stackable plastic crates as field containers during harvest-- while initially expensive, these are durable, reusable and easily |
|cleaned. |
|Train harvesters to recognize the proper maturity stage for the produce they are handling (such as size, shape, color, sweetness or |
|firmness). |
|Wearing cotton gloves, trimming fingernails, and removing jewelry such as rings and bracelets can help reduce mechanical damage during |
|harvest. |
|Train pickers to empty their picking bags and/or baskets with care, never dumping or throwing produce into field containers. |
|Keep produce clean and free from soil contamination to reduce food safety hazards. |
|Avoid laying harvested produce or field containers on bare soil. |
|Always provide shade for harvested produce to prevent heat and sun damage. |
|Night or early morning harvest is sometimes an option for harvesting produce when internal temperatures are relatively low, reducing the |
|energy needed for subsequent cooling. Let dew dry off first if harvesting crops susceptible to fungal diseases. |
|Cool produce (remove field heat) as soon as possible after harvest. |
| |
|Transport Tips |
|Do NOT overload vehicles. |
|Prevent compression damage to produce by avoiding over-filling of containers (rounded sides or bulge-packing) and stacking heavier |
|produce at the bottom of the load. |
|Avoid rough handling during loading and unloading. |
|When stacking containers, be sure to align them properly. |
|Prevent vibration damage by using air suspension systems -- these will provide a more gentle ride during transportation. |
|Make sure the vehicle has adequate ventilation to prevent heat gain during transport. |
|Provide good lighting to help sorters see defects. |
| |
|Packinghouse Tips |
|Provide shade for harvested produce waiting to be sorted and packed. |
|Minimize mechanical damage--avoid drops, throwing and rough handling. |
|Pre-sort to remove damaged, diseased, and immature or over-mature produce. |
|Keep the packing line as simple as possible and keep it clean. The packing line should be as straight as possible (avoid turns). |
|Provide sanitary facilities (bathrooms and hand washing stations) for workers. |
|Provide clean and sanitary conditions for all supplies, including box storage. |
|Hand sorting can reduce damage if workers are well-trained and provided with appropriate tools and equipment. |
|Know the requirements and post harvest handling recommendations for the crops you handle. |
|Do NOT wash green beans, cabbage, okra, peas, peppers or summer squash before packing. |
|Monitor pH (6.0-7.0) and chlorine levels in wash water to ensure adequate levels (100 to150 ppm) |
|Provide cushioning on all sharp edges and rough surfaces of packing tables or the washing/ sorting/grading/packing line. Clean the tables|
|regularly. |
|When trimming produce, do NOT remove more than necessary for high quality. Dispose of waste materials properly. |
|Use appropriate post harvest treatments (waxing, hot water dips, SO2, fungicides, etc.)to reduce the rate of decay or water loss |
|Do NOT use any chemical treatments that are not specifically recommended or approved for your commodity. |
|Pack securely to immobilize produce, but do not overfill or under-fill packages. |
| |
|Cooling Tips |
|Cool produce as soon as possible after harvest. |
|Cool using appropriate methods for each commodity (consider water tolerance, time required to reach 7/8ths cooling, susceptibility to |
|desiccation) |
|Shade should be provided over harvested produce, packing areas, for buildings used for cooling and storage and for transport vehicles. |
|Trees are a fine source of shade and can reduce ambient temperatures around packinghouses and storage areas. |
|The best method to reduce water loss is to increase RH by reducing temperature. |
|Wet the floor of storage rooms to increase the RH inside the room. (Do NOT do this when storing onions or garlic). |
|Monitor storage rooms by measuring temperature in several locations (in packages, at edges of stacks, near vents, doors and cooling |
|ducts). Rearrange produce or adjust air flow to avoid too warm and/or too-cold spots. |
|Use proper containers, suited to the method used for cooling (waxed cartons or wooden boxes for hydro-cooling or icing, boxes with |
|aligned side vents for forced air cooling). |
|Consider using forced-air coolers inside a cold room to speed cooling and decrease water loss and decay rate. |
|Monitor hydro-cooler water quality, clean and sanitize the cooler each day before use. |
|Cool before loading produce into refrigerated trucks (these trailers are designed only to maintain cool temperatures). |
|Use high quality insulation in coolers, storage rooms and transport vehicles to reduce incoming environmental heat load. |
| |
|Storage Tips |
|Store only high quality produce that is free of damage and decay. |
|Store only produce that has been harvested at its proper maturity (not over-ripe or under mature). |
|Know the requirements for the commodities you want to put into storage, and follow recommendations for proper temperature, relative |
|humidity and ventilation. |
|Do NOT handle crops intended for storage when they are wet. |
|Avoid lower than recommended temperatures in storage-- many commodities are susceptible to damage from freezing or chilling. |
|Do NOT overload storage rooms or stack containers too close together. |
|Provide adequate ventilation in the storage room. |
|Provide shade for storage structures or paint buildings white or silver to reflect heat. |
|Consider sprinkling the roof of the building with water if the heat load is very high. |
|Keep store rooms clean. |
|Storage facilities should be protected from rodents by keeping the immediate outdoor area clean, and free from trash and weeds. |
|Containers must be well ventilated and strong enough to withstand stacking. Do NOT stack containers beyond their stacking strength. |
|Monitor temperatures in the storage room by placing thermometers at a variety of locations. |
|Store crops in a darkened room. This is especially important for potatoes, since light will stimulate solanine production (a toxic |
|compound not destroyed by cooking). |
|Avoid storing ethylene sensitive commodities with those that produce ethylene. |
|Avoid storing produce known for emitting strong odors (apples, garlic, onions, turnips, cabbages, potatoes) with odor-absorbing |
|commodities, and |
|Inspect stored produce regularly for signs of injury, water loss, damage and disease. Remove damaged or diseased produce to prevent the |
|spread of problems. |
| |
| |
| |
|Indicative cost of Environmental Management under SCDC of ARTS Project |
| | | | |
|Sl. No. |Item of Cost |Qnty/no. |Cost in Lakh Taka |
|1 |Campaign on judicious management of fertilizer and pesticides in reducing|5 upazilas |5.00 |
| |the environmental pollution | | |
|2 |Create awareness on harmful effects on use of pesticide, waste management|5 Upazilas |50.00 |
| |of CCMC, disseminate technology of safe production of Agro-product | | |
| |through consultation & publication of booklets/posters | | |
|3 |Organizing workshop to promote eco-friendly production & marketing of |25 |25.00 |
| |produces | | |
|4 |Training for farmers and traders on standard market quality, cleaning, |LS |50.00 |
| |sorting, grading, packaging, transportation | | |
|5 |Organizing training on milk production, hygiene, storage, transportation |1 upazilas |2.00 |
| |and quality control, marketing | | |
|6 |Organize campaign/ workshop to create awareness on environmentally sound |2 Upazilas |5.00 |
| |fish production practices, post- harvest management and hygienic | | |
| |conditions at marketing outlets | | |
|7 |Establishment of Zero energy storage facilities in the project areas |10 |5.00 |
|8 |Introduction of correct packaging practices, the substitution of bamboo |5 upazilas |25.00 |
| |baskets by re-usable plastic crates for commodities transport | | |
|9 |Demonstration of packaging methodology for minimally processing |10 nos. |20.00 |
| |facilities | | |
|10 |Demonstrion on packaging, sorting, grading,transportation, preservation, |60 |60.00 |
| |storage, quality assurance and SPS | | |
| |Demonstration of solar Panel |5 |5.00 |
| |Use of ICT on environmental management |LS |25.00 |
|11 |Cost for logistics support for data collection, tabulation analysis |LS |25.00 |
| |report preparation for monitoring the activities | | |
| |Total | |302.00 |
Organogram
ARTS- Hortex Component
PD : Project Director.
PO : Producer Organization.
MMC: Market Management Committee.
LBF : Local Business Facilitator.
CIG : Common Interest Group.
ANNEX 1.3 Department of Livestock Services
1. Environmental and social aspects in Livestock is a cross cutting issue and it cannot be dealt in isolation as far as livestock extension is concerned in Bangladesh condition.
2. NATP-DLS provides extension services using various extension methods and approaches to disseminate improved technologies. Accordingly, the scope for making provision for specialized manpower and budgetary provision for the purpose is not necessary.
3. Accordingly, there is no provision of additional budget and manpower in the DPP of NATP: Phase-I to deal with environmental and social safeguard issues.
4. In NATP-DLS, due consideration is given on environmental and social safeguard issues for the greater interest of protecting environment and harness benefits out of it. As such, especial consideration is given on (i) Slat System Housing, Bio gas plant, Carcass Management, Awareness building through postering, Litter Management, Cow dung management, Vaccination, Deworming. (ii) making farmers aware about environmental and social safeguard issues in all training programs; (iii) special thrust on dissemination of environment-friendly technologies/practices; and (iv) discouraging farmers in using harmful technologies/practices.
5. To further facilitate implementation of safeguard issues, PIU-DLS has formed Focal Persons at PIU, Upazila and CIG levels with their Terms of Reference.
Thus, environmental screening is a built-in process and deployment of specialized manpower and budgetary allocation is not essential.
6. The proposed ARTS project is still in proposal stage. As such approved Livestock extension activities and its consequences on environmental and social aspects are yet to be ascertained. Nonetheless, since the major focus of livestock extension component in ARTS project, as proposed, is replication and up-scaling of “Good Practices” of NATP: Phase-I, making provision for specialized manpower and budget would be unnecessary.
7. The proposed Environmental and Social safeguard framework of proposed ARTS project has been reviewed by both PIU-DLS and PCU. Based on this, the PD, PCU prepared and shared a report on the issue. This has been sent to the concerned officials for further necessary action.
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ANNEX 1.4 Department of Agricultural Extension
Indicative Cost Estimate of Environmental Safeguard Activities in ARTS Project
|Name of Technology |% Component in|Anticipated |Demonstration |Field Day |Farmers’ Training (person |
| |NATP-1 |% Component | | |day |
| | |in ARTSP | | | |
| | | |
|Director, PIU, NATP-DoF |Matshya Bhaban / DoF, Dhaka |To get the whole works done involving Focal |
|(Md. Goljar Hossain) | |Persons at different levels, and the LEAFs |
|NATP-DoF Focal Person |Matshya Bhaban / DoF, Dhaka |Liaise with the concerned PCU coordinator, |
|(A.K.M. Aminullah Bhuiyan, | |prepare the databases, train the concerned |
|Training and Communication Expert, NATP-DoF) | |personnel, monitor field activities and get the|
| | |field data collected and compiled at DoF level.|
|Upazila Focal Persons |Upazila Fisheres Offices /Upazila |Monitor field activities and get the field data|
|(Upazila Fisheries Officers) | |collected and compiled at respective upazila, |
| | |involving the Upazila team including LEAFs; |
| | |properly utilize the funds for the purpose |
| | |allocated under ‘Support to LEAFs’ and ‘Support|
| | |to Upazila Offices’ following GOB rules. |
| |
|Local Extension Agents for Fisheries (LEAFs) |Union |Monitor E&S activities and collect and compile |
| | |relevant data from CIG and non-CIG farmers, as |
| | |and when required, in his/her union, under the |
| | |guidance and supervision of the respective |
| | |Upazila Fisheries Officer. |
A. The Organogram (Flow Chart)
Cost involved in Environmental and Social Safeguard Management in proposed Agriculture Research and Technology Support (ARTS) project: (NATP-DoF part)
Background: Like NATP, in the proposed ARTS project, Environmental and Social Safeguard Management constitutes an important activity. In support of these activities, already frameworks (‘Environmental Management’ and ‘Social Assessment and Social Management’) have been developed. ARTS will be implemented in 9 districts covering 30 Upazilas that involve 335 Unions. With a Focal Person seating at the NATP-DOF head quarters, the activities will be carried out, at the field level, by the Upazila Fisheries Officers as Upazila Focal Persons at Upazila level. Besides involving their offices, the Upazila Officers will involve the LEAFs (Local Extension Agents for Fisheries at Union level) to collect field data from both the CIG (all members) and non-CIG farmers (as many as possible). The data collected from the CIG and non-CIG farmers will be compiled into Union Database by the LEAFs under the guidance and supervision of the Upazila Officers. The Union data will then be collected by the Upazila offices and compiled into Upazla Database which will be sent to NATP-DOF Dhaka office. The NATP-DoF Focal Person will then compile them, after necessary screening, into ARTS Database and send that to PCU.
These activities require a modest financial support from the proposed project as shown below.
Cost of ESSM activities in ARTS Project: A total of Tk. 51.60 lakh is needed under the following major line items.
A. Training: Tk.31.02 Lakh
B. Support to LEAFs : Tk. 16.08 lakh
C. Support to Upazila Offices : Tk. 4.50 lakh
(Costing details follow)
Detailed costing
|Line item |Description |Costing (TK.) |Costs in Lakh Taka |
|Training (at DoF training centers) |Year 1 |Year 2 |Year 3 |TOTAL |
|A.1 Training of Upazila officials in |2 officials from the Upazila team; 30 |Each batch of 20 = 1.25 |5.01 |0.00 |0.00 |5.01 |
|Monitoring of E&S activities and data |upazilasX2 officials = 60 nos.; 4 |4 batches4X 1.67 = 5.01 Lakh | | | | |
|collection and compilation |batches; | | | | | |
| |3-day training | | | | | |
|A.2 Training of LEAFs in Monitoring of |1LEAF per Union: 335 unions = 335 nos.; |Each batch of 20 = 1.53 |26.01 |0.00 |0.00 |26.01 |
|E&S activities and data collection and |17 batches; |17 batches, 17X 1.53 = 26.01 lakh | | | | |
|compilation |3-day training | | | | | |
|Total of Training (A1+A2) |31.02 |31.02 |0.00 |0.00 |31.02 |
|Support to LEAFs |335 unions= 335 LEAFs; |Each union , 2 days each time, each|5.36 |5.36 |5.36 |16.08 |
| |4 times a year; |time = | | | | |
| |( for quarterly data collection and |@ lump sum Tk. 400; | | | | |
| |compilation at CIG & non CIG level and at|4 times X Tk.400 X 335 Unions = Tk.| | | | |
| |Union level) |5.36 lakh | | | | |
|Support to Upazila offices |30 upazilas; 4 times a year; |Each Upazila, each time |1.50 |1.50 |1.50 |4.50 |
| |(for quarterly data collection and |@ lump sum Tk. 1250; | | | | |
| |compilation at Upazila level including |4 times X Tk.1250 X 30 Upazilas = | | | | |
| |stationary needs) |Tk. 1.50 lakh | | | | |
|TOTAL (A+B+C) |37.88 |6.86 |6.86 |51.60 |
ANNEX 1.6 PCU
B. Introduction: Like NATP, Environmental and safeguard management activities are also important in the proposed ARTS project. The ARTS project will be implemented in 9 districts covering 30 Upazilas that involve 335 Unions. The activities will be carried out at the field level under the supervision of Upazila Officers as Upazila Focal Persons at Upazila level. The Upazila Officers will involve the SAAO/SCDO/CEAL/LEAFs to collect field data from both the CIG (all members) and non-CIG farmers (as many as possible). The data collected from the CIG and non-CIG farmers will be compiled into Union Database by the SAAO/SCDO/CEAL/LEAFs under the guidance and supervision of the Upazila Officers. The Union data will then be collected by the Upazila offices and compiled into Upazla Database which will be sent to NATP-IUs- Dhaka offices. The NATP-Implementing Units- Focal Persons will then compile them, after necessary screening, into ARTS Database and send that to PCU. The tentative organogram and budget (cost) are shown below:
C. The Organogram (Description)
|Position |Office/Level |Responsibility |
|NATP-PCU Focal Person |BARC complex, Farmgate, Dhaka |Coordinate, implement and integrate the |
|(Dr. Md. Serajul Islam, Social Safeguard | |environmental and social management activities |
|Expert, NATP-PCU) on behave of Project | |in entire NATP through all the focal persons at|
|Coordination Unit. | |PIUs-levels, make central database at PCU, |
| | |train the concerned personnel, monitor field |
| | |activities, etc. |
|NATP-PIUs Focal Persons |Respective Implementing Units |Coordinate, implement and integrate the |
|(PIUs-BARC, DAE, DLS, DOF; KGF, Hortex) on | |environmental and social management activities |
|behave of their Implementing Units | |in respective PIU through focal persons at |
| | |Different levels. |
|Upazila Focal Persons |Upazila Fisheres Offices /Upazila |Monitor field activities and get the field data|
|(Upazila Agricultural Extension Officers, | |collected and compiled at respective upazila, |
|Upazila Livestock/Fisheries Officers) | |involving the Upazila team including SAAO/SCDO/|
| | |LEAL/ LEAFs. |
|Union Focal Persons |Union |Monitor E&S activities; and collect and compile|
|SAAO/SCDO/SEAL/(LEAFs | |relevant data from CIG and non-CIG farmers as |
| | |and when required, in his/her union, under the |
| | |guidance and supervision of the respective |
| | |Upazila Officers. |
D. The Organogram (Flow Chart)
E. Estimated cost to be needed to perform activities on environmental and social safeguard management in proposed ARTS project (For PCU part) is shown below along with detailed costing (Table 1).
a. Training = Tk. 3 Lakh
b. Workshops = Tk. 3 Lakh
c. Monitoring: Tk. 3 lakh
d. Miscellaneous: Tk. 3 Lakh
Table 1: Detailed costing.
|Line item |Description |Costing (Tk. in |Costs (Tk. in Lakh) |
| | |Lakh) | |
| | | | Year 1 |Year 2 |Year 3 |Total |
|a. Training |60 persons; 2 |2 X1.50 = 3.00 Lakh|3.00 |0.00 |0.00 |3.00 |
| |batches, 3 days | | | | | |
|b. Workshops |2 batches, |2 X 2 = 4.00 Lakh |1.50 |0.00 |1.50 |3.00 |
| |Day-long | | | | | |
|c. Monitoring |2-3 times per year|3.00 Lakh |1.00 |1.00 |1.00 |3.00 |
|d. Miscellaneous |e.g. Publications |Tk. 3.00 |1.00 |1.00 |1.00 |3.00 |
| |of leaflet, | | | | | |
| |booklet, poster, | | | | | |
| |etc | | | | | |
|Total (a+b+c+d) |6.50 |2.00 |3.50 |12.00 |
E. Monitoring Systems in NATP at PCU is mentioned below:
a. Field monitoring done by PCU experts on all the NATP activities including environmental and social safeguard issues accomplished by Research, Extension and Supply Chain Components (as continuous process).
b. Field monitoring done by Expert Impact Assessment Team on all the NATP including covering environmental and social safeguard issues (one per year in two consecutive years).
c. Concurrent monitoring by hired farm (quarterly basis).
d. Impact Assessment by hired farm on all the NATP activities including environmental and social safeguard issues.
ESSM Format # 08
National Agricultural Technology Project
Project Coordination Unit
Checklist for CCMC on Environmental and Social Safeguard Management
A. CCMC Information
|i. Name of CCMC: |v. Union: |
|ii. Category of CCMC: Crop/Livestock/Fish |vi. Upazila: |
|iii. Year of Establishment: |vii. District: |
|iv. Name of Hat (If different from i): |viii. Code Number: |
|xi. Name of President |x. Name of Secretary: |
|xi. Name of Respondent with Designation: |
B. Social and Environmental component
|Safeguard issues* |Response |
| |Yes |No |
|1. Safeguard policies triggered by the project** | | |
|2. CCMC establishes in disputed areas | | |
|3. CCMC needs land acquisition | | |
|4. Affecting indigenous people | | |
|5. Involuntary resettlement | | |
|6. Replacement of people or any establishment due to CCMC | | |
|construction | | |
|7. Possibility to create any problem due to CCMC construction | | |
|8. Impacts adversely to vulnerable sections of the society | | |
|9. Common Interest Group (CIG) involvement | | |
|10. Producer Organization (PO) involvement | | |
|11. Provision of adequate water supply in the CCMC | | |
|12. Provision of adequate drainage management in the CCMC | | |
|13. Provision of appropriate waste management in the CCMC | | |
|14. Provision of sanitary facilities in the CCMC (e.g. Latrin, washing | | |
|facility, etc.) | | |
|15. Awareness building among the staffs/CIGs/POs about phyto- | | |
|sanitary measures in the CCMC as follows: | | |
|15a. Excessive use of ripening chemicals | | |
|15b. Detrimental effects of preservatives such formalin, Etrail, DDT, | | |
|etc. | | |
|15c. Washing produces with clean water | | |
|15d. Appropriate leveling | | |
|15e. Proper packaging | | |
* During designing of CCMC the above safeguard issues should be complied. Otherwise
designing of CCMC should be right way rejected there.
** See PCU Guidelines on Environmental and Social Safeguard Management in National
Agricultural Technology Project”
Signature of the Monitor/Evaluator
ESSM Format # 09A
National Agricultural Technology Project
Project Coordination Unit
Checklist for Female CIG/Female Member of Mixed CIG
at Upazila Level (DAE, DLS, DOF, Hortex-SCDC)
1. Name of Upazila: ______________________ District:___________________________
2. Name of the Respondents with Designations:
Name: Designations:
a)_______________________________________ _________________________
b)_______________________________________ _________________________
c)_______________________________________ _________________________
d)_______________________________________ _________________________
3. Performance Indicators
|Indicators/Activities |Outcome /Remarks/Response |Remarks |
|No. of female CIGs | | |
|Total female-members in CIGs (all) | | |
|Female farmers trained (no. or as % of total farmers trained) | | |
|No. of female CIGs started group savings | | |
|Total amount saved | | |
|Amount invested in profitable activities | | |
|Opportunity created due to NATP interventions for women | | |
| | | |
|Do you have any requirement that can enhance your activities? |Yes/No | |
| |If yes, mention those. | |
| | | |
|Problems faced by Women members of CIGs/Female CIGs |Yes/No | |
| | | |
| |If yes, mention those. | |
| | | |
|Empowerment of female member of CIG |Enhanced/ Not enhanced | |
| |If enhanced, how? | |
|Name of training completed | | |
|Name of demonstration received | | |
|Comments by Monitor/Evaluator: |
|Name, Signature and Designation of Monitoring Officer/Staff: |
Signature of the Monitor
ESSM Format # 9B
National Agricultural Technology Project
Project Coordination Unit
Checklist for Female CIG/Female Member of Mixed CIG
at CIG Level (DAE, DLS, DOF, Hortex-SCDC)
1. CIG Information
i) Category of CIG: Crop/Livestock/Fishery/SCDC ii) Year of formation:…………….
iii) Village:……………………………………iv) Union:……………………………………
v) Upazila: …………………… vi) District:………………………………..
vii) Types of CIG: Female CIG/Mixed CIG
viii) Name of some female CIG /Mixed member (s) (Respondent):
2. Performance Indicators
|Indicators/Activities |Outcome /Remarks/Response |Remarks |
|No. of member in female CIG | | |
|Total female-members in mixed CIG (in case of mixed CIG) | | |
|Female farmers trained (no. or as % of total farmers trained in | | |
|case of mixed CIG) | | |
|Group savings started or not | | |
|Total amount saved | | |
|Amount invested in profitable activities | | |
|Opportunity created due to NATP interventions for women | | |
| | | |
|Do you have any requirement that can enhance your activities? |Yes/No | |
| |If yes, mention those. | |
| | | |
|Problems faced by Women members of CIGs/Female CIGs |Yes/No | |
| | | |
| |If yes, mention those. | |
| | | |
|Empowerment of female member of CIG |Enhanced/ Not enhanced | |
| |If enhanced, how? | |
|Name of training completed | | |
|Name of demonstration received | | |
|Comments by Monitor/Evaluator: |
|Name, Signature and Designation of Monitoring Officer/Staff: |
Signature of the Monitor
ESSM Format # 10A
National Agricultural Technology Project
Project Coordination Unit
Field Monitoring format on Environmental and Social Safeguard Activities
at Upazila Level (PIU-DAE-Crops)
1. Name of Upazila: ______________________ District:___________________________
2. Name of the Respondents with Designations:
Name: Designations:
a)_______________________________________ _________________________
b)_______________________________________ _________________________
c)_______________________________________ _________________________
d)_______________________________________ _________________________
3. Promotion of environment-friendly technologies/activities (DAE-Crops)
|Activities |At present |Before |Remarks |
| |
|Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) |
|No. of AWD technology adopted | | | |
|Area coverage by AWD (ha) | | | |
|Liter of water use | | | |
|Reduction of water use by farmers (liter/ha) | | | |
| |
| |
|Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Technology |
|No. of farmers adopted IPM technology | | | |
|Types of IPM technology adopted (Pheromone Traps, | | | |
|Brachonet, etc.) | | | |
|Area coverage by IPM (ha) | | | |
|Reduction of pesticides (Ripcord, Melathion, Sumithion) | | | |
|use (kg) due to practicing of IPM technology (kg/ha) | | | |
| |
| |
|Composting |
|No. of farmers produced compost | | | |
|No. of compost pits produced per CIG | | | |
|Amount of compost produced (kg) | | | |
|Amount of compost applied in the field (kg) | | | |
|Kg of urea used | | | |
|Reduction in urea use (kg) due to use of compost (kg/ha)| | | |
| |
| |
|Organic Fertilizer |
|No. of farmers prepared and used organic fertilizer | | | |
|Amount of organic fertilizer produced (kg) | | | |
|Amount of organic fertilizer applied in the field (kg) | | | |
|Kg of urea used | | | |
|Reduction in urea use (kg) due to use of organic | | | |
|fertilizer (kg/ha) | | | |
| |
|Biogas Plant |
|Total no. of biogas plant installed using cow dung | | | |
|No. of biogas plant per CIG | | | |
|Cooking fuel saved (kg) due to use of biogas | | | |
|Slurry produced (kg) from biogas plant | | | |
|Slurry applied in the field (kg/ha) | | | |
|Balanced Fertilizer |
|No. of farmers using balanced fertilizer | | | |
|Kg of urea, Triple Super Phosphate, Zinc, Zipsum/ | | | |
|Sulphur and Muriate of Potash used | | | |
|Reduction in urea use (kg) due to balanced fertilizer | | | |
|use (kg/ha) | | | |
|Increase in use of TSP, Zinc, Zipsum/Sulphur and MP due | | | |
|to balanced fertilizer use (kg/ha) | | | |
| |
|Homestead Gardening |
|No. of homestead gardening using organic manure (no | | | |
|pesticide use) | | | |
|Kg of inorganic fertilizer | | | |
|Reduction in urea use (kg) due to use of organic | | | |
|fertilizer (kg/ha) | | | |
|Kg of pesticide used | | | |
|Reduction in pesticide use (kg) due to homestead | | | |
|gardening (kg/ha) | | | |
| |
|Light Traps |
|No. of farmers using light traps for rice pest- brown | | | |
|plant hopper, stem borer, green leaf hopper and fruit | | | |
|fly (for fruit & vegetables) | | | |
|Reduction in use (kg/ha or %) of Basudin, Carbofuran, | | | |
|etc. | | | |
| |
|Training |
|Training on safe use of pesticides conducted |Yes/No |Yes/No |Tick one |
Signature of the Monitor
ESSM Format # 10B
National Agricultural Technology Project
Project Coordination Unit
Field Monitoring format on Environmental and Social Safeguard
Activities at CIG level (PIU-DAE-Crops)
i) Category of CIG: Crop/Livestock/Fishery/SCDC ii) Year of formation:…………….
iii) Village:……………………………………iv) Union:……………………………………
v) Upazila: …………………… vi) District:………………………………..
Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD)
|Activities/Indicators |At present |Before |Remarks |
|Name of farmer: Name of CIG: |
|Area coverage by AWD (ha) | | | |
|Liter of water use | | | |
|Reduction of water use by farmers (liter/ha) | | | |
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Technology
|Activities/Indicators |At present |Before |Remarks |
|Name of farmer: Name of CIG: |
|Types of IPM technology adopted (Pheromone Traps, Brachonet, | | | |
|etc.) | | | |
|Area coverage by IPM (ha) | | | |
|Reduction of pesticides (Ripcord, Melathion, Sumithion) use | | | |
|(kg) due to practicing of IPM technology (kg/ha) | | | |
Composting
|Activities/Indicators |At present |Before |Remarks |
|Name of farmer: Name of CIG: |
|No. of compost pits produced | | | |
|Amount of compost produced (kg) | | | |
|Kg of urea used | | | |
|Amount of compost applied in the field (kg) | | | |
|Reduction in urea use (kg) due to use of compost (kg/ha) | | | |
Organic Fertilizer
|Activities/Indicators |At present |Before |Remarks |
|Name of farmer: Name of CIG: |
|Amount of organic fertilizer produced (kg) | | | |
|Amount of organic fertilizer applied in the field (kg) | | | |
|Kg of urea used | | | |
|Reduction in urea use (kg) due to use of organic fertilizer | | | |
|(kg/ha) | | | |
Biogas Plant
|Activities/Indicators |At present |Before |Remarks |
|Name of farmer: Name of CIG: |
|No. of biogas plant installed using cow dung | | | |
|Cooking fuel saved (kg) due to use of biogas (kg/month) | | | |
|Slurry produced (kg) from biogas plant (kg/month) | | | |
|Slurry applied in the field (kg/ha) | | | |
Balanced Fertilizer
|Activities/Indicators |At present |Before |Remarks |
|Name of farmer: Name of CIG: |
|Kg of urea, Triple Super Phosphate, Zinc, Zipsum/ Sulphur and | | | |
|Muriate of Potash used | | | |
|Reduction in urea use (kg) due to balanced fertilizer use | | | |
|(ka/ha) | | | |
|Increase in use of TSP, Zinc, Zipsum/Sulphur and MP due to | | | |
|balanced fertilizer use (ka/ha) | | | |
Homestead Gardening
|Activities/Indicators |At present |Before |Remarks |
|Name of farmer: Name of CIG: |
|Kg of inorganic fertilizer use | | | |
|Reduction in urea use (kg) due to use of organic fertilizer | | | |
|(kg/ha) | | | |
|Kg of pesticide used | | | |
|Reduction in pesticide use (kg) due to homestead gardening | | | |
|(kg/ha) | | | |
Light Traps
|Activities/Indicators |At present |Before |Remarks |
|Name of farmer: Name of CIG: |
|Use of light traps for rice pest- brown plant hopper, stem |Use/Not use |Use/Not use |Tick one |
|borer, green leaf hopper and fruit fly (for fruit & vegetables)| | | |
|Reduction in use (kg/ha or %) of Basudin, Carbofuran, etc. | | | |
(Signature of the Monitor)
ESSM Format # 11A
National Agricultural Technology Project
Project Coordination Unit
Upazila Field Monitoring format on Environmental and Social Safeguard Activities
(PIU-DLS-Livstock)
1. Name of Upazila: ______________________ District:___________________________
2. Name of the Respondents with Designations:
Name: Designations:
a)_______________________________________ _________________________
b)_______________________________________ _________________________
c)_______________________________________ _________________________
d)_______________________________________ _________________________
3. Promotion of environment-friendly technologies/activities (DLS- Livestock)
|Activities |At present |Before |Remarks |
| |
|Biogas Plant |
|Total no. of biogas plant installed using cow dung | | | |
|No. of biogas plant per CIG | | | |
|Cooking fuel saved (kg) due to use of biogas (kg/month) | | | |
|Slurry produced (kg) from biogas plant (kg/month) | | | |
|Slurry applied in the field (kg/ha) | | | |
| |
|Slat System |
|Use of Slat system for goats |Yes/No |Yes/No |Tick one |
| |If yes, mention benefits | | |
| | | | |
| |
|Liter and Carcass Management |
|Proper liter and carcass management practices | | | |
|Disposal of litter | | | |
|Using for Biogas | | | |
|Disposal in pit for composting | | | |
|Selling to other farmers/compost traders | | | |
| |
|Deworming and Vaccination |
|Nature of disease events reduced due to | No. of outbreak (%) | No. of outbreak (%) | |
|deworming and vaccination | | | |
| |cattle |cattle | |
| |poultry |poultry | |
| |goat |goat | |
|Training |
|Training on bio-safety conducted |Yes/No |Yes/No |Tick one |
|Training on Sanitary and Phyto-sanitary (SPS) conducted |Yes/No |Yes/No |Tick one |
Signature of the Monitor
ESSM Format # 11B
National Agricultural Technology Project
Project Coordination Unit
Field Monitoring format on Environmental and Social Safeguard
Activities at CIG level (PIU-DLS-Livestock)
i) Category of CIG:Crop/Livestock/Fishery/SCDC ii) Year of formation:…………….
iii) Village:……………………………………iv) Union:……………………………………
v) Upazila: …………………… vi) District:………………………………..
Biogas Plant
|Activities/Indicators |At present |Before |Remarks |
|Name of farmer: Name of CIG: |
|No. of biogas plant installed using cow dung | | | |
|Cooking fuel saved (kg) due to use of biogas (kg/month) | | | |
|Slurry produced (kg) from biogas plant (kg/month) | | | |
|Slurry applied in the field (kg/ha) | | | |
Slat System
|Activities/Indicators |At present |Before |Remarks |
|Name of farmer: Name of CIG: |
|Use of Slat system for goats |Yes/No |Yes/No |Tick one |
| |If yes, mention the benefits | | |
Liter and Carcass Management
|Activities/Indicators |At present |Before |Remarks |
|Name of farmer: Name of CIG: |
|Proper liter and carcass management practices | | | |
|Disposal of litter | | | |
|Using for Biogas | | | |
|Disposal in pit for composting | | | |
|Selling to other farmers/compost traders | | | |
Deworming and Vaccination
|Activities/Indicators |At present |Before |Remarks |
|Name of farmer: Name of CIG: |
|Nature of disease events reduced due to deworming | No. of outbreak (%) | No. of outbreak (%) | |
|and vaccination | | | |
| |cattle |cattle | |
| |poultry |poultry | |
| |goat |goat | |
(Signature of the Monitor)
ESSM Format # 12A
National Agricultural Technology Project
Project Coordination Unit
Upazila Field Monitoring format on Environmental and Social Safeguard Activities
(PIU-DOF-Fisheries)
1. Name of Upazila: ______________________ District:___________________________
2. Name of the Respondents with Designations:
Name: Designations:
a)_______________________________________ _________________________
b)_______________________________________ _________________________
c)_______________________________________ _________________________
d)_______________________________________ _________________________
3. Promotion of environment-friendly technologies/activities (DOF-Fisheries)
|Activities |At present |Before |Remarks |
| |
|Pond Water Testing for Improved Water Quality |
|Conducted pond water testing for improved pond water |Yes/No |Yes/No |Tick one |
|quality | | | |
|PH, Oxygen, Hardness (Na content), Chlorine, etc. |Measured values |Standard values |Measures taken to|
|content (with standard value) of pond water |PH--- |PH --- |obtain standard |
| |Na-- |Na-- |values |
| |Chlorine--- |Chlorine--- | |
| |Turbidity-- |Turbidity-- | |
| |
|Market Fish Testing against Formalin |
|Fish tested against formalin |Yes/No |Yes/No |Tick one |
|Test found formalin along with severity (with allowable | | | |
|limit) | | | |
|No. of fish disease events |0/1/2/3 |0/1/2/3 |Tick one |
| |
|Proper Pond Management |
|Weedfish management and pond preparation done without | | | |
|using any hazardous chemical | | | |
|Pond sides turfing done to manage erosion and water | | | |
|pollution | | | |
|Pond embankment placed with fruit trees, forest trees, | | | |
|and perennial grass, etc. | | | |
Signature of the Monitor
ESSM Format # 12B
National Agricultural Technology Project
Project Coordination Unit
Field Monitoring format on Environmental and Social Safeguard
Activities at CIG level (PIU-DOF-Fisheries)
i) Category of CIG: Crop/Livestock/Fishery/SCDC ii) Year of formation:…………….
iii) Village:……………………………………iv) Union:……………………………………
v) Upazila: …………………… vi) District:………………………………..
Pond Water Testing for Improved Water Quality
|Activities/Indicators |At present |Before |Remarks |
| |
|Name of farmer: Name of CIG: |
|Conducted pond water testing for improved pond water |Yes/No |Yes/No |Tick one |
|quality | | | |
|PH, Oxygen, Hardness (Na content), Chlorine, etc. |Measured values |Standard values |Measures taken to |
|content (with standard value) of pond water |PH--- |PH --- |obtain standard PH, |
| |Na-- |Na-- |Na, Chlorine |
| |Chlorine--- |Chlorine--- | |
| |Turbidity-- |Turbidity-- | |
Market Fish Testing against Formalin
|Activities/Indicators |At present |Before |Remarks |
| |
|Name of farmer: Name of CIG: |
|Fish tested against formalin |Yes/No |Yes/No |Tick one |
|Test found formalin along with severity (with | | | |
|allowable limit) | | | |
Proper Pond Management
|Activities/Indicators |At present |Before |Remarks |
| |
|Name of farmer: Name of CIG: |
|Weedfish management and pond preparation done without| | | |
|using any hazardous chemical | | | |
|Pond sides turfing done to manage erosion and water | | | |
|pollution | | | |
|Pond embankment placed with fruit trees, forest | | | |
|trees, and perennial grass, etc. | | | |
(Monitoring of the Monitor)
ESSM Format # 13A
National Agricultural Technology Project
Project Coordination Unit
Field Monitoring format on Environmental and Social Safeguard Activities
at Upazila Level (SCDC- Hortex-HVC)
1. Name of Upazila: ______________________ District:___________________________
2. Name of the Respondents with Designations:
Name: Designations:
a)_______________________________________ _________________________
b)_______________________________________ _________________________
3. Promotion of environment-friendly technologies/activities (Hortex-HVC)
|Activities |At present |Before |Remarks |
|Functionality of CCMC and Other Information |
|No. of CCMC functional | | | |
|No. of safe commodity marketed | | | |
|Quantity of safe commodity marketed (tons) | | | |
|Farmer’s income increased (%) | | | |
|% gap between farm gate and consumer prices reduced | | | |
|No. of CCMC dispose waste regularly | | | |
|No. of farmers wash their produces (vegetables, | | | |
|fruits, etc.) with fresh water | | | |
|No. of farmers use toxic preservative in their | | | |
|produces before marketing | | | |
|No. of traders use toxic preservative in the | | | |
|commodities before marketing | | | |
|Zero Energy Preservation Process |
|No. of farmers practicing zero energy preservation | | | |
|process | | | |
|Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Technology |
|No. of farmers adopted IPM technology (Pheromone | | | |
|Traps, Brachonet, etc.) | | | |
|Area coverage by IPM (ha) | | | |
|Reduction of pesticides (Ripcord, Melathion, | | | |
|Sumithion) use (kg) due to practicing of IPM | | | |
|technology | | | |
|Light Traps |
|No. of farmers using light traps for rice pest- brown| | | |
|plant hopper, stem borer, green leaf hopper and fruit| | | |
|fly (for fruit & vegetables) | | | |
|Reduction in use (kg/ton) of Basudin, Carbofuran, | | | |
|etc. | | | |
|Training |
|No. of training on safe use of pesticides conducted | | | |
|No. of training on bio-safety conducted | | | |
|No. of training on Sanitary and Phyto-sanitary (SPS) | | | |
|conducted | | | |
Signature of the Monitor
ESSM Format # 13B
National Agricultural Technology Project
Project Coordination Unit
Field Monitoring format on Environmental and Social Safeguard Activities
at CIG Level (SCDC- Hortex-HVC)
1. Name of Upazila: ______________________ District:___________________________
2. Name of the Respondents with Designations:
Name: Designations:
a)_______________________________________ _________________________
b)_______________________________________ _________________________
3. Promotion of environment-friendly technologies/activities (Hortex-HVC)
|Activities |At present |Before |Remarks |
|Functionality of CCMC and Other Information |
|No. of safe commodity marketed | | | |
|Quantity of safe commodity marketed (kg) | | | |
|Income increased (%) | | | |
|% gap between farm gate and consumer prices reduced | | | |
|Dispose waste regularly | | | |
|Wash produces (vegetables, fruits, etc.) with fresh | | | |
|water | | | |
|Use toxic preservative in produces before marketing | | | |
|Use toxic preservative in the commodities before | | | |
|marketing | | | |
|Zero Energy Preservation Process |
|Practicing zero energy preservation process | | | |
|Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Technology |
|Adopted IPM technology (Pheromone Traps, Brachonet, | | | |
|etc.) | | | |
|Area coverage by IPM (ha) | | | |
|Reduction of pesticides (Ripcord, Melathion, | | | |
|Sumithion) use (kg) due to practicing of IPM | | | |
|technology | | | |
|Light Traps |
|Using light traps for rice pest- brown plant hopper, | | | |
|stem borer, green leaf hopper and fruit fly (for | | | |
|fruit & vegetables) | | | |
|Reduction in use (kg/ton) of Basudin, Carbofuran, | | | |
|etc. | | | |
|Training |
|Received training on safe use of pesticides | | | |
|conducted | | | |
|Received training on bio-safety conducted | | | |
|Received training on Sanitary and Phyto-sanitary | | | |
|(SPS) conducted | | | |
Signature of the Monitor
ESSM Format # 14A
National Agricultural Technology Project
Project Coordination Unit
Field Monitoring format on Environmental and Social Safeguard Activities in relation to women participation in NATP at Upazila Level
(PIU-DAE-DLS-DOF-Hortex: Crops-Livestock-Fisheries-HVC)
1. Name of Upazila: ______________________ District:___________________________
2. Name of the Respondents with Designations:
Name: Designations:
a)_______________________________________ _________________________
b)_______________________________________ _________________________
c)_______________________________________ _________________________
d)_______________________________________ _________________________
3. Women participation in NATP activities (It can be used as Women CIG Checklist).
|Activities |At present |Before |Remarks |
|No. of female CIGs | | | |
|Total female-members in CIGs (all) | | | |
|Female farmers trained (no. or as % of total farmers | | | |
|trained) | | | |
|No. of female CIGs started group savings | | | |
|Total amount saved | | | |
|Amount invested in profitable activities | | | |
|Opportunity created due to NATP interventions for women | | |
|Do you have any requirement that can enhance your |Yes/No | |
|activities? |If yes, mentioned those. | |
| | | |
| | | |
|Name of training completed | | |
|Name of demonstration received | | |
|Problems faced by Women members of CIGs/Female CIGs |Yes/No | |
| |If yes, mention those. | |
| | | |
Signature of the Monitor
ESSM Format # 14B
National Agricultural Technology Project
Project Coordination Unit
Field Monitoring format on Environmental and Social Safeguard Activities in relation to women participation in NATP at CIG level
(PIUs-DAE, DLS, DOF, Hortex: Crops, Livestock, Fisheries, HVC)
i) Category of CIG:Crop/Livestock/Fishery/SCDC ii) Year of formation:…………….
iii) Village:……………………………………iv) Union:……………………………………
v) Upazila: …………………… vi) District:………………………………..
Women participation in NATP activities (It can be used as Women CIG Checklist).
|Activities/Indicators |At present | Remarks |
|Name of farmer: Name of CIG: |
|Total amount saved (Taka) | | |
|Amount invested in profitable activities (Taka) | | |
|Opportunities created due to NATP interventions | | |
| | | |
|Do you have any requirements that can enhance your activities? | | |
|Problems faced by Women members of Female CIGs /mixed CIGs |Yes/No | |
| |If yes, mention those. | |
| |a. | |
| |b. | |
| |c. | |
(Monitoring of the Monitor)
ANNEX 8: List of Tables
Table A: Environmental Impact Identification in Various ARTS Project Activities…….............…..15
Table 1. Issues in subprojects that may be financed by the project ARTS Project ………………......32
Table 2. Subproject Types Excluded from ARTS Project……………………………………............33
Table 3. Environmental Issues and Relevant Laws and Regulations in Bangladesh............................44
Table 4. ECR Environmental Categories for Projects and Industries in Bangladesh...........................45
Table 5. Project Areas Studied During Field Visits…………………………………..........................49
Table 6. Environmental Assessment and Management Framework Arrangements.............................51
Table 7. Capacity Building Criteria for Managing Subprojects...........................................................60
Table 8. Outline of Different Training Needs……………………………...........................................62
-----------------------
[1] Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a mix of farmer-driven, ecologically based pest control practices that seeks to reduce reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides. It involves (a) managing pests (keeping them below economically damaging levels) rather than seeking to eradicate them; (b) relying, to the extent possible, on nonchemical measures to keep pest populations low; and (c) selecting and applying pesticides, when they have to be used, in a way that minimizes adverse effects on beneficial organisms, humans, and the environment.
[2] Shaikh M.A.Q. 2011. "Agricultural Research and Extension Management: Achievements and Weaknesses". Keynote Paper presented at the Round Table Discussion on the same subject, Organized by the Bangladesh Academy of Agriculture (BAAG), October 2, 2011, BARC Auditorium, Dhaka.
[3] Shaikh M.A.Q. 2007. Consulting Report on " Reformulation of BARC Act 1996 for Greater Efficiency of the National Agricultural Research System", NATP, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Dhaka.
[4] Hussain, M.Gul. 2005. Bangladesh Agriculture: A Critique on Performances and Challenges of Tomorrow. Jatio Shahitya Prakashoni, 21/1 Purana Paltan, Dhaka 1000.
[5] MoA,2012. National Agricultural Extension Policy (NAEP) 2012, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka.
[6] MoA, 1999. National Agricultural Policy, Ministry of Agriculture, GOB, Dhaka.
[7] Shaikh, M.A.Q. 2012. Consultancy report on, "Farmers' Access to Agricultural Inputs (Seeds, Fertilizers, Pesticides, Irrigation, Technologies and Subsidies) Vis-a-Vis the Implementation of Agricultural Extension Services : Policy Limitations and Recommendations", WAVE Foundation/ Asia Foundation, Dhaka.
[8] Shaikh M.A.Q. 2007. Consulting Report on " Reformulation of BARC Act 1996 for Greater Efficiency of the National Agricultural Research System, NATP, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Dhaka.
[9] GOB, 2012. The Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council Act 2012. Act no.13 of 2012, 8 March 2012, Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka.
[10] Shaikh M.A.Q. 2007. Consulting Report on " Reformulation of BARC Act 1996 for Greater Efficiency of the National
[11] MoA, 2012. National Agricultural Extension Policy 2012. Ministry of Agriculture, GOB, Dhaka.
[12] IFC guidelines on EHS (2007)
[13] EMF for LGSP (SDF, 2006)
[14] EMF for NATP (2006)
[15]EMF Bosnia (2007)
[16] ESMF for Bihar Rural Livelihoods Project, India (2007)
[17] From PCN of ARTS Project
[18] "Dhap" - floating beds made by heaping up water hyacinth and other aquatic weeds that grow in shallow and in somewhat stagnant waters. Seeds of vegetables are sown on top of the "Dhaps" for growing vegetables etc.
[19] Shaikh, M.A.Q. 2012. Consultancy report on, "Farmers' Access to Agricultural Inputs (Seeds, Fertilizers, Pesticides, Irrigation, Technologies and Subsidies) Vis-a-Vis the Implementation of Agricultural Extension Services : Policy Limitations and Recommendations", WAVE Foundation/ Asia Foundation, Dhaka.
[20] Any modifications will be mutually agreed between GoB and the World Bank.
[21] Bangladesh: State of the Environment, 2001
[22] D. G. Kinniburgh and P. N. Smedley, Arsenic contamination of groundwater in Bangladesh, BGS Technical Report WC/00/19, Vol. 1-4 (2001); UNDP., Groundwater Survey: The Hydrogeological Conditions of Bangladesh, UNDP Technical Report DP/UN/BGD-74-009/1(1982)
[23] M. Khaliquzzaman and A. H. Khan, Arsenic Exposure of Bangladesh Population through Food Chain, Report prepared for SEARO WHO, Delhi (2003)
(URL: physics.harvard.edu/.../arsenic/arsenic_project_introduction.html)
[24] Costal Zone Policy 2005.
[25] FAO (2006) Arsenic contamination of irrigation water, soil and crops in Bangladesh. Accessed at on July 26, 2011.
[26] British Geological Survey (BGS) and the Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE) (2001). Arsenic contamination of groundwater in Bangladesh. Vol 2: Final report. Kinniburgh, D. G. and Smedley, P. L. (eds). British Geological Survey Technical Report WC/00/19.
[27]School of Environmental Studies-Dhaka Community Hospital (SOES-DCH) accessed July 28, 2011.
[28] Jean’s Arsenic Site. “All about arsenic, how it gets into drinking water and why it matters,” accessed July 26, 2011.
[29] World Bank-Water and Sanitation Program (2005). Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater in South and East Asian Countries. Vol. II Technical Report, No 31303.
[30] FAO (2006)
[31] Department of Public Health Engineering, accessed July 26, 2011.
[32]Bangladesh has two designated Ramsar Sites, namely part of the Sunderbans mangrove forest and Tangoar Haor. The ARTS Project area does not contain any Ramsar sites, however some project areas in the Barisal division are adjacent to Sundarbans.
[33] IFC guidelines on EHS (2007)
[34]Addresses the requirements of OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment.
[35] OP 4.09 Pest Management; provides much more detailed guidance, and access to pest management and IPM
resources
[36] OP 4.04 Natural Habitats and OP 4.36 Forests.
[37] OP 4.37 Safety of Dams.
[38] Some of these training needs can be taken care of by integrating environmental components in already planned other trainings.
[39] To include, among other topics, storage, application, personal protection, avoiding contamination of water and other parts of the environment and the like.
[40] Please refer to the World Bank Operational Policy on Pest Management (OP1.09) for details of IPM.
-----------------------
PD, PCU
MD, Hortex Foundation
Director, SCDC/ARTS
Project Manager-1
Supply Chain Expert-1
Account Officer-1
IT Officer-1
POs
LBF-10
MMC
CIGs
Director, PIU, NATP-DoF
(Md. Goljar Hossain)
Local Extension Agents for Fisheries (LEAFs)
Upazila Focal Persons
(Upazila Fisheries Officers)
NATP-DoF Focal Person
(A.K.M. Aminullah Bhuiyan,
Training and Communication Expert, NATP-DoF)
Dr. Md. Serajul Islam, Social Safeguard Expert, NATP-PCU will be acted as Focal Person on behave of Project Coordination Unit
Focal Persons-PIUs, Focal Persons -KGF, Focal Persons –Hortex
Upazila Focal Persons
(Upazila Level Officers)
SAAO/SCDO/CEAL/LEAFs
................
................
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