Syllabus - Punjabi University



PUNJABI UNIVERSITY, PATIALA 147002

(INDIA)

(Established under Punjab Act No. 35 of 1961)

[pic]

Faculty of Life Sciences

Outline of Course and Syllabi

for

M.Sc. Environmental Sciences

(Choice Based Credit System)

Sessions: 2019-20 and 2020-21

M. Sc. (Environmental Sciences) Part-I

SEMESTER-I July/August 2019-20 & 2020-21 SESSIONS

Theory Classes : 20 Hours per week

Practical Classes : 12 Hours per week

Seminars/Library Consultation : 03 Hours per week

THEORY PAPERS

Theory Internal Assessment

MES111 Environmental Physics & Climatology : 55 Marks :20 Marks

MES112 Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology : 55 Marks :20 Marks

MES113 General Ecology : 55 Mark :20 Marks

MES114 Natural Resources, Conservation & Management : 55 Marks :20 Marks

Total :220 Marks :80 Marks

Total :220+80=300

Open Elective Subject – MES 415 Economic Zoology: Qualifying (50 marks)

PRACTICAL PAPERS

MES115 Practical paper-I

(Pertaining to theory papers MES111 & MES112) : 100 Marks

MES116 Practical paper-II

(Pertaining to theory papers MES113 & MES114) : 100 Marks

Total : 200 Marks

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT

|i |Attendance |20% |% of the Total Marks of the |

| | | |Internal Assessment |

|ii |Assignment/Project/Seminar |40% | |

|iii |Two Mid-semester Tests/Internal Examinations |40% | |

Attendance – 16 Marks

Assignment/Project/Seminar – 32 Marks

MST – 32 Marks Total- 80 Marks

The consolidated marks, out of maximum 80 marks, shall be supplied to the University through the Head of the Department under internal Assessment.

TOTAL MARKS FOR SEMESTER – I

Theory papers : 220 Marks

Practical Papers : 200 Marks

Internal Assessment : 80 Marks

Total : 500 Marks

(Credit System)

|Course Code |Course |Course option |Credits |Total Marks (Ext+Int) |

|MES111 |Environmental Physics and Climatology |Core-I |5 |55+20 = 75 |

|MES112 |Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology |Core-II |5 |55+20 = 75 |

|MES113 |General Ecology |Core-III |5 |55+20 = 75 |

|MES114 |Natural Resources, Conservation & Management |Core-IV |5 |55+20 = 75 |

|MES115 |Practical Paper – I Pertaining to |Practical-I | |100 |

| |theory paper – MES111& MES112 | |6 | |

|MES116 |Practical Paper – II Pertaining to |Practical-II | |100 |

| |theory paper – MES113& MES114 | | | |

| |Seminars/Library Consultation |1½ | |

| |Marks already included in Internal assessment | | |

|Total |27½ |500 |

SEMESTER-II November/December for 2019-20 & 2020-21 Sessions

Theory Classes : 20 Hours per week

Practical Classes : 12 Hours per week

Seminars/Library Consultation : 03 Hours per week

THEORY PAPERS Theory Internal Assessment

MES211 Environment Microbiology : 55 Marks :20 Marks

MES212 Wild Life Ecology : 55 Marks :20 Marks

MES213 Environment analysis and instrumentation : 55 Marks :20 Marks

MES214 Aquatic Environment Elective Paper-I : 55 Marks :20 Marks

MES215 Bioinformatics Elective Paper-I : 55 Marks :20 Marks

Total : 220 Marks :80 Marks

Total :220+80=300

PRACTICAL PAPERS

MES216 Practical paper-III (Pertaining to theory papers MES211 & MES212) : 100 Marks

MES217 Practical paper-IV (Pertaining to theory papers MES213, MES214/MES215): 100 Marks

Total :200 Marks

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT

|i |Attendance |20% |% of the Total Marks of the |

| | | |Internal Assessment |

|ii |Assignment/Project/Seminar/Tour |40% | |

|Iii |Two Mid-semester Tests/Internal Examinations |40% | |

Attendance – 16 Marks

Assignment/Project/Seminar/Tour – 32 Marks

MST – 32 Marks Total- 80 Marks The consolidated marks, out of maximum 80 marks, shall be supplied to the University through the Head of the Department under internal Assessment.

TOTAL MARKS FOR SEMESTER-II

Theory papers : 220 Marks

Practical papers : 200 Marks

Internal Assessment : 80 Marks

Total : 500 Marks

(Credit System)

|Course Code |Course |Course option |Credits |Total Marks |

| | | | |(Ext+Int) |

|MES211 |Environmental Microbiology |Core-V |5 |55+20 = 75 |

|MES212 |Wildlife Ecology |Core-VI |5 |55+20 = 75 |

|MES213 |Environment analysis and Instrumentation |Core-VII |5 |55+20 = 75 |

|MES214 |Aquatic Environment |Elective - I |5 |55+20 = 75 |

|MES215 |Bioinformatics |Elective - I |5 |55+20 = 75 |

| |*MOOC courses | | | |

|MES216 |Practical – III Pertaining to |Practical-III |6 |100 |

| |theory paper – MES211 & MES212 | | | |

|MES217 |Practical – IV Pertaining to |Practical-IV | |100 |

| |theory paper – MES213 & MES214/MES215 | | | |

| |Seminars/Library Consultation |1½ | |

| |Marks already included in Internal assessment | | |

|Total |27½ |500 |

* The subjects which the students can opt from MOOC will be notified by the department semester wise time to time

Semester – I MES111

Environmental Physics & Climatology

Maximum Marks: 75 Total Teaching Hrs: 45

Theory: 55 Time Allowed: 3 hrs

Internal Assessment: 20

Minimum Pass Marks: 35%

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections: A, B, & C. Section A & B will have four questions in each section from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 81/2 marks each. Section C will consist of 7 short-answer type questions covering the entire syllabus uniformly and each will carry 3 marks.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt two questions each from the section A and B of the question paper and the entire section C.

SECTION-A

I. EARTH INTERIOR and GEOMORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSES

1. Earth processes; concept of residence, time & rates of natural cycles

2. Types of seismic waves and their role in the study of Earth's interior.

1.3 Different zones in the Earth's interior and their composition.

1.4 The Earth’s Magnetic Field - Magnetic reversal and magnetic anomaly.

1.5 Rock cycle, Introduction to major rock types.

1.6 Physical weathering, chemical weathering and their types.

II. GEOMORPHOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

2.1 Factors affecting landform development.

2.2 Fluvial system - Factors affecting stream erosion and deposition, erosional and depositional landforms.

2.3 Underground water system - Water table, landforms formed by ground water action.

2.4 Aeolian system - Mechanism of wind erosion, erosional and depositional

landforms.

2.5 Glacial system - Mechanism of glacial erosion, erosional and depositional

landforms.

SECTION-B

III. CLIMATE OF THE WORLD: Climatic features and native vegetation of the following:

1. Equatorial

2. Savanna

3. Hot Desert

4. Mediterranean

5. Steppe

|Climate and Hazards |

| |4.1 |Catastrophic geological hazards |

| | |Hazards - Fog and thunderstorm. |

| |4.2 |Prediction & perception of hazards. |

| |4.3 |Climate of India, Indian monsoon, tropical cyclones |

| |4.4 |Climate and House types. |

| |4.5 |Climatic change-Indicators of past climate, Carbon dioxide theory, Volcanic dust theory. |

SUGGESTED READING MATERIAL

A) Books:-

1. Cooke, R.U. and Doornkamp, J.C. (1974). Geomorphology in Environmental Management- An Introduction, Clarendon Press, Oxford, U.K.

2. Easterbrooke, D.J. (1969).Principles of Geomorphology. McGraw Hill, New York.

3. Keller, E.A. (1999).Introduction to Environmental Geology. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.

4. Press, F. and Siever. R. (1994) .Understanding Earth. W.H. Freeman & Co., U.S.A.

5. Ritter, D.F.; Kochel, R.C. and Miller, J.R. (1995). Process Geomorphology. Wm. C. Brown

Publishers, U.S.A.

6. Singh, S. (2000). Physical Geography. Prayag Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad.

7. Smithson, P.; Addison, K. and Atkinson, K. (2002). Fundamentals of the Physical Environment. Routledge Publishers, London.

8. Strahler, A.H. and Strahler, A.N. (1992). Modern Physical Geography. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

9. Wild, R. (1993). the Earth Care Annual. National Wildlife Federation, Rodale Press, Pennsylvania.

10. Cunningham, W.P. and Saigo, B.W. (1999). Environmental Science - A Global Concern

WCB McGraw- Hill, U.S.A.

11. Emiliani, C. (1992). Planet Earth. Cambridge University Press, U.K.

12. Fellmann, J.; Getis, A. and Getis, J. (1996). Human Geography-Landscapes of Human activities.WCB McGraw-Hill, USA.

13. Houghton, J. (1997).Global Warming - The complete Briefing. Cambridge Univ. Press, U.K.

14. Lean, G. & Hinrichsen, D. (1994). Atlas of the Environment. Harper Perennial Pub., New York.

15. Lundgren, L. (1986). Environmental Geology. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.

16. Lunine, J.I. (1999).Earth-Evolution of a Habitable World. Cambridge Univ. Press, U.K.

17. McKnight, T.L. (1993).Physical Geography-A Landscape Appreciation. Prentice Hall, New

Jersey.

18. Pearce, F. (1989). Climate and Man - From the Ice Ages to the Global Greenhouse. Ivision

Books, London.

19. Rogers, J.J.W. and Feiss, P.GG. (1998). People and the Earth - Basic Issues in the Sustainability of Resources and Environment. Cambridge University. Press, U.K.

20. Smithson, P.; Addison, K. and Atkinson, K. (2002). Fundamentals of the Physical Environment. Routledge Publishers, London.

21. Wellburn, A. (1996). Air Pollution and Climate Change- The Biological Impact. Longman Publishers, Singapore.

B) Web Sites:

1.

2.

3. : 80/atm.html/

4. skies/

MES112

Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology

Maximum Marks: 75 Total Teaching Hrs: 45

Theory: 55 Time Allowed: 3 hrs

Internal Assessment: 20

Minimum Pass Marks: 35%

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections: A, B, & C. Section A & B will have four questions in each section from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 8 1/2 marks each. Section C will consist of 7 short-answer type questions covering the entire syllabus uniformly and each will carry 3 marks.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt two questions each from the section A and B of the question paper and the entire section C.

SECTION-A

I. Concept, Chemistry and composition of ENVIRONMENT

1.1 Concept and scope of Environmental Chemistry - Pollutant, Contaminant, Receptor, Sink, Pathways of a pollutant, Speciation, Threshold limit value, Stoichiometry, Gibb’s

Energy.

1.2 Composition of atmosphere and atmosphere structure.

1.3 Cycling of primary gaseous pollutants and chemistry of methane cycle.

1.4 Chemical and photochemical reactions in atmosphere.

1.5 Chemistry of ozone and alternatives for CFC’s.

II. Chemistry of Components

2.1 Chemistry of water: Acid base equilibria, pH and buffers, oxidation-reduction, redox

potential, ionization.

2.2 Concept of DO, BOD, COD, Sedimentation, Coagulation, filtration.

2.3 Inorganic and organic components of soil.

2.4 Introduction to Radiochemistry-α β γ radiations, nomenclature and classification of

nuclides.

2.5 Applications of radioisotopes in agriculture and industry.

SECTION-B

III. ROUTES AND KINETICS OF TOXICANT UPTAKE

3.1 Toxico Kinetics - Absorption, distribution and elimination of toxicants.

3.2 Route of toxicant uptake - skin, lungs, GIT, gills, toxicant uptake in plants.

3.3 Biochemical effects of Mercury, Lead, Chromium, Cadmium, Arsenic and

their relation to toxicity.

3.4 Toxic chemicals in the Environment.

IV. COMPLEX ISSUES

4.1. Antidotal procedure in toxicology.

4.2. Bioassays & its application

4.3. Biological indicator of toxicants.

4.4. Environmental toxicology of fertilizers.

4.5 Concept of major, Trace & Rare Earth Elements

4.6 Classification & mobility of trace elements

SUGGESTED READING MATERIAL

1. Baird, C (2000). Environmental Chemistry. W. H. Freeman and Company, USA.

2. De, A. K. (2003). Environmental Chemistry. New Age International Ltd., New Delhi.

3. Eisenbund, M. and Gesell, T. (1997). Environmental Radioactivity-from natural,

industrial and military sources. Acad. Press, USA.

4. Mido, Y. and Satake, M. (1995). Chemicals in the environment. Discovery Pub. House,

New Delhi.

5. Harrison, R. M. and Mora, S. J. De. (1996). Introductory chemistry for the Environmental

Chemistry. Cambridge University, Press.

6. Girard, J. E. (2005). Principals of Environmental Chemistry. Jones and Bartlett

Publishers, Inc.

7. Sodhi, G. S. (2006). Fundamental concepts of environmental chemistry. Narosa

Publishing House, New Delhi.

8. Sharma, B. K. (2001). Environmental Chemistry. Krishna Prakashan Media Pvt. Ltd.

Meerut.

9. Wright, D.A. & P. Welbowin (2002)-Environmental Toxicology, Cambridge Univ. Press, U.K.

10. Banerjii, S.K. (20010. Environmental Chemistry 2001. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

11. Satake, M.Y. Mldo; H. Ysuhisa, S.; Taguchi, M.S.; Sethi, S.A., Iqbal (1997). Environmental Toxicology, Discovery Pub. House, New Delhi.

12. De, A.K. (2003) Environmental Chemistry, New Age Int. Lts. N. Delhi.

13. Sood, A. (1999). Toxicology, Sampand Songs, N. Delhi.

MES113

General Ecology

Maximum Marks: 75 Total Teaching Hrs: 45

Theory: 55 Time Allowed: 3 hrs

Internal Assessment: 20

Minimum Pass Marks: 35%

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections: A, B, & C. Section A & B will have four questions in each section from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 8 1/2 marks each. Section C will consist of 7 short-answer type questions covering the entire syllabus uniformly and each will carry 3 marks.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt two questions each from the section A and B of the question paper and the entire section C.

SECTION-A

I. ECOSYSTEM AND ITS COMPONENTS

1.1 Ecosystem - Concept, components and characteristics.

1.2. Laws of Thermodynamic and generalized model of energy flow through an

ecosystem.

1.3. Concepts of primary productivity and secondary productivity, Law of minimum and Law of tolerance.

1.4. Food chain, food webs & ecological pyramids.

1.5 General relationship between Landscape, biomes and climate.

II. BIOTIC COMMUNITY - PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS

2.1. Concept of biotic community.

2.2. Intra community - classification & the phenomenon of ecological dominance.

` 2.3. Community analysis.

2.4. Species diversity within community.

2.5. Patterns in communities.

SECTION-B

IV. POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS & DYNAMICS

3.1. Group properties (Intra specific interactions).

3.2. Attributes of population - density, natality and mortality.

3.3. Age distribution.

3.4. Population growth vis-a-vis the concept of carrying capacity.

3.5. Density as a factor in regulating population - density independent and density

dependent factors.

IV. POPULATION REGULATION STRUCTURE AND INTERACTION

4.1. Population dispersal.

4.2. Population structure. Internal Distribution Patterns, Aggregation and Allee’s principle, Isolation and territoriality.

4.3. Interaction within population.- Negative Interactions and Positive Interactions

4.4. Population Behaviour-Basic behaviour patterns, Regulatory and compensatory behaviours and Social behaviour.

4.5. Linear regression models; Models of population growth & interaction: Lotka-Volterra and Leslie’s matrix model.

SUGGESTED READING MATERIAL

1. Benton, A.H. And Werner, W.E. (1976). Field Biology and Ecology. Tata McGraw Hill

Publishing Company Ltd. New Delhi.

2. Chapman, J.L. And Reiss, M.J. (1995). Ecology- Principles and applications.

3. Claude Fauric; C.Ferra; Medori, P. & Devaux, J. (2001). Ecology. Sciences & Practice. Oxford & IBH Pub. Co. Pvt. Ltd. (N. Delhi).

4. Dash, M.C. (1993). Fundamentals of Ecology. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd. New Delhi.

5. Kormondy, E.J. (1986). Concept of Ecology. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.

6. Odum, E.P. (1996). Fundamentals of Ecology. Natraj Publishers, Dehradun.

7. Southwick, H.C. (1972). Ecology & Quality of our Env. Van No. Strand Reinhold Company, New York.

MES114

Natural Resources, Conservation & Management

Maximum Marks: 75 Total Teaching Hrs: 45

Theory: 55 Time Allowed: 3 hrs

Internal Assessment: 20

Minimum Pass Marks: 35%

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections: A, B, & C. Section A & B will have four questions in each section from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 8 1/2 marks each. Section C will consist of 7 short-answer type questions covering the entire syllabus uniformly and each will carry 3 marks.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt two questions each from the section A and B of the question paper and the entire section C.

SECTION-A

I. NATURAL RESOURCES - PLANTS AND ANIMALS

1.1 Natural resources: introduction, characteristics & classification.

1.2 Concept of endemic, extinct and threatened species (endangered, rare,

Vulnerable & interminate species).

1.3 Plants as a natural resource: a general account with reference to

Timber, food & medicines.

1.4 Animals as a natural resources: a general account with reference to game,

Wildlife & food.

5. Depletion of Plants and Animal resources: Causes & consequences

II. NATURAL RESOURCES - WATER, SOIL AND MINERALS

2.1 Water as a natural resource: as a medium for life and as a life support system.

2.2 Soil as a natural resource: a general account with reference to nutrients & soil biota

2.2 Role of agricultural practices, wind & water erosion

2.4 Origin, distribution & uses of economic minerals.

2.5 Exploitation of mineral resources from oceans with special reference to India.

SECTION-B

III. NATURAL RESOURCES - ENERGY

1. Energy: Sun as source of energy, solar radiation and its spectral characteristics

2. Fossil fuels: Coal, oil & natural gas

3. Hydro-electric power, tidal, wind energy and geothermal energy.

4. Nuclear energy, Bio-energy-biomass, biogas

5. Energy scenario in India

III. NATURAL RESOURCES-CONSERVATION STRATEGIES AND MANAGEMENT

4.1 In situ conservation of plants & animal species: Natural Parks, Biosphere

reserves & sanctuaries.

4.2 Ex situ conservation: Botanical gardens, Zoological parks, tissue culture

techniques, cryo - preservation of pollen, seeds & sperms

4.3 Conservation of soil.

4.4 Management of Grasslands.

4.5 Conservation of Forest, social forestry & agro forestry.

SUGGESTED READING MATERIAL

1. Bandhu, Desh (1987). Env. Education for conservation & Development. Indian Environment Society New Delhi.

2. Brady, N.C. (1974).The nature & properties of soil McMillan & Co.

3. Chaturvedi, A.N. (1994). Management of India's forest resources. Khanna Bandhu, Dehradun.

4. Dar, G.H.; Bhagat, R.C.; Khan, M.A. (2002). Biodiversity of the Kashmir Himalaya. Anmol

Publication, Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

5. Dasmann, R.F. (1981). Wildlife Biology.2nd edition. John Wiley & Sons. New York

6. Frankle, O.H. & Hawkel, J.G. (1975) .Plant genetic resources. International Biological

Programme-2, Cambridge Univ. Press London.

7. Gautam, A. & Rastogi, S. (2003). Resource Geography. International Publishing House, Meerut

8. Gupta, K.C. (2002). Energy & Environment in India - A study of Energy Management. Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi.

9. Heywood, V.H. (1995). Global Biodiversity Assessment. Cambridge University Press, UK

10. Jadhav, H.V. (1997) Energy & Environment. Himalaya Publishing House. Delhi.

11. Jairajpuri, M.S. (1991). Animal Resources of India - Protozoa to mammalia - State of the Art. Zoological survey of India. XI-XXVII.

12. Kathiresan, S.B. (1986). Essentials of forest management. Natraj Publishers Dehradun.

13. Kumar, H.D. (1995). Modern concepts of Ecology. Vikas Pub. House, Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

14. MaDicken, K.G. & Vergora, N.T. (1990). Agroforestry: classification & Management, John Wiley & sons, New York.

15. Nautiyal, S. & Kaul, A.K. (1999). Forest Biodiversity & its Conservation Practices in India. Oriental Enterprises, Dehradun, India.

16. Negi, S.S. (1992). Himalayan Wildlife, Habitat & Conservation. Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi.

17. Owen, O.S. & Chiras, D.D. (1995). Natural Resources Conservation. Prentice Hall India

18. Rana, S.V.S. (2003). Essentials of ecology & Environmental sciences. Prentice Hall Of India.

19. Singh, M.P. (2004). Natural Resources & renewable Energy. Daya Publishing House, Delhi.

20. Tiwari, P.C. (1995) .Natural Resources & sustainable development in

Himalaya. Shree Almora Book Depot., India.

OPEN ELECTIVE SUBJECT ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY : MES 415

Maximum Marks: 50 Total Teaching Hrs: 30 Theory: 38 Time Allowed: 3 hrs Internal Assessment: 12 Minimum Pass Marks: 35%

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections: A, B & C. Section A & B will have four questions in each section from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 6 marks each. Section C will consist of 7 short-answer type questions that will cover the entire syllabus uniformly and each will carry two marks.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt two questions each from the section A & B of the question paper and the entire section C.

SECTION – A

1. Aquaculture : definition, objectives, its role in impending food crisis

2. Poultry farming: table and egg-laying varieties of chicken, economic importance of poultry products.

3. Dairy farming: milk production, status of dairy industry in India, importance of milk and other dairy products.

SECTION –B

4. Apiculture: brief introduction, honeybees, bee keeping, bee products and their utility, current status in India.

5. Sericulture: brief history, silk production moths, mulberry and non-mulberry sericulture, current status in India.

6. Lac culture: brief introduction, life cycle of lac insects, propagation, cultivation and current status in India.

Suggested Readings

1. Pillay, T.V.R. and Kutty, M.N. 2005. Aquaculture: Principles and Practices (2nd Edition) . Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Oxford U.K

2. Rice, E.J and Botosford, H.E. 1949. Practical Poultry Management John Wiley, Hansen Inc. New York

3. Sahai, R. and Vijh, R. K. 2000. Domestic Animal Diversity (Conservation and sustainable development). SI Publication, 231 MIG Housing Board, Karnal

4. Winter A.R. and Funk E.M. 1956 Poultry Science and Practice, J.E Lippinoctt and Co. Chicago, Philadelphia, New York.

5. Srivastava, K.P, Text Book of Applied Entomology Volume-II.

MES115

Practical Paper I: Pertaining to theory papers MES111 & MES112

MES111

1. Study of different types of rocks.

2. Study of structures of physical & chemical weathering.

3. Project/Assignments on following biomes: Savannah, Deserts, Tropical Rain forests and Steppes.

4. Project on different house types in relation to climate.

5. Project on Climatic catastrophes caused by climate change.

6. Project on impact of man-made ecological changes on the Himalayan ecosystem.

7. Project on impact of change of urban ecology on different birds.

MES112

1. To measure the pH of a given sample of water/soil by electrometric method.

2. To determine the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) in a sample of water.

3. To determine the amount of free CO2 in a sample of water.

4. To determine the total alkalinity of a sample of water.

5. To measure the total hardness of a given sample of water.

6. To measure the Biochemical Oxygen Demand of a given sample of water.

7. Assignment

MES116

Practical Paper II: Pertaining to theory MES113 & MES114

MES113

1. To study the soil fauna.

2. 2. To calculate population density of Animal species in grassland using quadrate method.

3. To calculate important value of index of species.

4. To study inter specific interactions.

5. 5. To study and enlist various biotic and abiotic components of pond and forest ecosystem.

6. To study flow of energy in an ecosystem with the help of generalized models.

7. Assignment

MES114

1. Estimating soil texture by measurement –sandy, loamy or clayey

2. To compare the chemical characteristics of soil: moisture content, pH, Organic Carbon (OC), Ammonium nitrate, available Phosphate (as P2O5), Nitrate Nitrogen and Available Potassium (K2O)

3. To determine the minimum size of the quadrate by 'Species-Area Curve' Method.

4. To collect data of land-use in India.

5. To prepare a list of herbicides/pesticidal products available in the market.

6. To prepare a list of wild and cultivated varieties of cereal crops (maize, wheat and rice), vegetables and oil seed crops in Patiala and its adjoining areas.

7. Map work related to natural resources.

8. Assignment/projects as assigned by the teacher.

SEMESTER II

MES211

Environmental Microbiology

Maximum Marks: 75 Total Teaching Hrs: 45

Theory: 55 Time Allowed: 3 hrs

Internal Assessment: 20

Minimum Pass Marks: 35%

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections: A, B, & C. Section A & B will have four questions in each section from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 8 1/2 marks each. Section C will consist of 7 short-answer type questions covering the entire syllabus uniformly and each will carry 3 marks.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt two questions each from the section A and B of the question paper and the entire section C.

SECTION-A

I. MICROBIAL ENVIRONMENT

1.1 Nature and function of micro-organisms in soil

1.2 Nature and function of micro-organisms in air

1.3 Microbes and Biogeochemical cycles - Carbon cycle, Sulphur cycle, Nitrogen cycle, Phosphorus cycle and iron cycle

1.4 Aquatic Microbiology - Microbes of marine, fresh water & polluted environment

1.5 Potability of water - Microbial assessment of water quality

II. FOOD MICROBIOLOGY

2.1 Initial contamination and microbial spoilage of food

2.2 Sources and types of microbes in milk

2.3 Pasteurization of milk

2.4 Preservation and dehydration of food

2.5 Fermented foods: Vegetables and dairy products

SECTION-B

III. INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY

3.1 Types of fermentation process

3.2 Alcoholic fermentation

3.3 Production of vinegar, lactic acid and citric acid

3.4 Production of antibiotics, amino-acids, vitamins, vaccines, steroid transformation

3.5 Microorganisms in Bioassays

IV. DEVELOPMENTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

4.1 White - rot fungal (WRF) technology for treatment of hazardous wastes.

4.2 Bioremediation - concept, types, advantages and disadvantages.

4.3 Vermiculture technology

4.4 Bioventing and Air sparging

4.5 Biofertilizers types, production and applications

SUGGESTED READING MATERIAL

1. Agarwal, I.K. and I.K. Nene (1985). Seed borne diseases of field crops and their control. Publication and information Division, I.C.A.R.

2. Agries, G.N. (1988). Plant Pathology, Acad Press, Inc.

3. Alemander, M. (1983). Soil Microbiology, Wiley Eastern Limited.

4. Frazier, W.C. and D.C. Westheff (1978). Food Microbiology, TATA McGraw Hill Pub. Co. Ltd.

5. Frobisher; M.R.D., Hinsdill, K.T. Crabtree, C.R. Goodheart (1974). Fundamentals of Microbiology, W.B. Saunders Company.

6. Hinchee, R.E. And Olfenbuttel, R.F. (1991). In Situ Bioreclamation: Applications and Investigations for Hydrocarbons and Contaminated Site Remediation. Butterworth- Heinemann, U.S.A.

7. Meyers, R.A. (1999). Encyclopedia of Environmental Pollution and Cleanup. Iiiol. 2. John Wiley & Sons, U.S.A.

8. Pelzcar, M.J.; Reid, R.D. & E.C.S. Chan (1977). Microbiology. MCGRAW Hill, New York.

9. Schlegel, H.G. (1985). General Microbiology, Cambridge University Press

10. Shukla, S.B. And Shantharam (2000). General Microbiology. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Ltd. N. Delhi.

11. Stainer, R.Y.; J.L. Ingraham; M.L. Wheels and P.R. Painter (1995). General Microbiology. McMillan Press Hong Kong.

12. Subha Rao, N.S. (1986). Soil Micro-Organisms and Plant growth. Oxford and IBH Pub. Co.

13. Tortora, G.J.; Funke, B.R. & Case, C.L. (1995). Microbiology - An Introduction. The Benjamin / Cummings Pub. Co., USA.

MES212

Wild Life Ecology

Maximum Marks: 75 Total Teaching Hrs: 45

Theory: 55 Time Allowed: 3 hrs

Internal Assessment: 20

Minimum Pass Marks: 35%

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections: A, B, & C. Section A & B will have four questions in each section from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 8 1/2 marks each. Section C will consist of 7 short-answer type questions covering the entire syllabus uniformly and each will carry 3 marks.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt two questions each from the section A and B of the question paper and the entire section C.

SECTION-A

I. WILDLIFE AND WILDLIFE HABITAT

1.1 Wildlife: Definition, concepts & importance of wildlife in biological studies.

1.2 Methods of studying wildlife (Birds & Mammals) in their natural habitat

1.3 Wildlife as a Natural Resource.

1.4 Wildlife Habitat: Forest, Desert & Grassland with their characteristics wildlife.

1.5 Forest: Types, ecological characteristics & distribution pattern in India

II. ENVIRONMENT DEGRADATION & WILDLIFE

2.1 Impact of Environment pollutants on wildlife.

2.2 Changed land use pattern and its effect on wildlife.

2.3 Wildlife diseases (Viral, Bacterial, Protozoan, Helminthes and Ticks).

2.4 Man & Wildlife conflict.

2.5 Wildlife management principle.

SECTION-B

III. SOCIOBIOLOGY OF WILD ANIMALS

3.1 Social organization in wild animals.

3.2 Evolution of Societies: Cost and benefit of social living.

3.3 Role of social behaviour in population regulation.

3.4 Sexual selection: Intrasexual selection (Male-male competition), Inter sexual selection (Female choice).

3.5 Social life in Primates.

IV. STATUS & DISTRIBUTION OF WILDLIFE IN INDIA

4.1 Habitat management with respect to cover & water

4.2 Food habit analysis of wildlife species

4.3 Zoo-geographic subdivisions of India based on important mammalian fauna.

4.4 Endangered Wildlife species (Birds & Mammals) of India.

4.5 Important National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries & Biosphere Reserves in India with characteristic Wildlife.

SUGGESTED READING MATERIAL

1. Berwick, S.H. & Sharma, V.B. (1995).Wildlife Research & Management, Oxford Univ. Press, Delhi.

2. Champion, H. C. & Sheth, S.K. (1968). A revised Survey of the Forest Types of India Pub. Manager, Col. Press- Nasik/Manager of Publication Delhi-6.

3. Dassman, R.F. (1982). Wildlife Biology (II Ed.). Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.

4. Giles, R.H. (1984).Wildlife Management Techniques. The Wildlife Society, Washington, D.C.

5. Leopld, A. (1933).Game Management. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, London.

6. Odum, E.P. (1971). Fundamentals of Ecology. W.B. Saunder Co./ Toppan Co. Ltd.

7. Prater, S.H. (1980). The Book on Indian Animals. BNHS, Bombay.

8. Schaller, G. B. (1987). The Dear & the Tiger. ZSI, Calcutta.

9. Sparke, J. (1970). Bird Behaviour. Govosset & Dulop, Inc. New York.

10. Stoddart, A.I. (1975). Range Management: Pub. McGraw Hill, Col. Inc. New York

11. Teague, R.D. (1971). A manual of Wildlife Conservation Pub. The Wildlife Society, Washington, D.C.

12. Tikader, B.K. (1983). Threatened Animals of India. ZSI, Calcutta.

MES213

Environment analysis and instrumentation

Maximum Marks: 75 Total Teaching Hrs: 45

Theory: 55 Time Allowed: 3 hrs

Internal Assessment: 20

Minimum Pass Marks: 35%

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections: A, B, & C. Section A & B will have four questions in each section from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 8 1/2 marks each. Section C will consist of 7 short-answer type questions covering the entire syllabus uniformly and each will carry 3 marks.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt two questions each from the section A and B of the question paper and the entire section C.

SECTION-A

I. AIR AND SOIL ANALYSIS:

1. Air Sampling

2. Soil Sampling

3. Analysis of physico-chemical parameters of Air : SPM, NO2, SO2 & Relative humidity

4. Analysis of biological parameters of Air and Soil.

II. WATER ANALYSIS:

2.1. Sampling & Analysis of physical parameters of water: movement, colour, temperature, annual heat budget, transparency, turbidity

2.2 Analysis of Chemical Parameters of water: COD, BOD, Total dissolved solid, Total suspended solid

2.3 Analysis of Chemical Parameters of water: Na, K, P, NO3, PO4, HCO3, CO3

2.4 Bacteriological sampling and analysis of water quality standards

SECTION-B

III. PHOTOMETRY:

3.1. Principle, Operation & Application of Colorimetry.

3.2. Principle, Operation & Application of Spectrophotometer

3.3. Principle & instrumentation of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.

3.4. Principle, instrumentation & application of Flame Photometer.

3.5. Principle & application of Infrared Spectrophotometer.

3.6 Electrophoresis, X-ray fluorescence & diffraction

IV. CHROMATOGRAPHY:

4.1. Paper Chromatography- Principle, types, experimental procedures &

application.

4.2. Thin Layer Chromatography- Principle, experimental procedures &

application

4.3. Gas Liquid Chromatography - Principle & experimental procedures

4.4 Gas Chromatography - Components of Gas Chromatography & their

description.

4.5. High Pressure liquid Chromatography- Principle, instrumentation & Application.

SUGGESTED READING MATERIAL

Rajvaidya, N. & Markenday, D.K. : Environmental Analysis & Instrumentation (Vol.2)

A.P.H. Pub.Co.5, Ansari Road, DaryaGanj, N. Delhi. A.P.H.A. : Standard Methods for the examination of water

& wastewater, 20th edition. Am. Pub. Hlth. Asso. , Washington.

MES214

Aquatic Environment

Elective Paper - I

Maximum Marks: 75 Total Teaching Hrs: 45

Theory: 55 Time Allowed: 3 hrs

Internal Assessment: 20

Minimum Pass Marks: 35%

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections: A, B, & C. Section A & B will have four questions in each section from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 8 1/2 marks each. Section C will consist of 7 short-answer type questions covering the entire syllabus uniformly and each will carry 3 marks.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt two questions each from the section A and B of the question paper and the entire section C.

SECTION-A

I. AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT, HYDROLOGY AND CONSERVATION

1.1 Water resources and their status.

1.2 Runoff: factors affecting runoff, Measurement of runoff and stream gauging

1.3 Causes for dwindling of fresh water resources

1.4 Water conservation.

1.5 National Water Policy

II. WETLANDS AND THEIR CONSERVATION

2.1 Wetland in India.

2.2. Wetland Assessment.

2.3 Wetland Monitoring.

2.4 Ramsar framework for wetland management.

2.5 National Wetland Policy (as per Ramsar convention).

SECTION-B

III. LOTIC AND LENTIC ENVIRONMENT

3.1 Lakes: Origin and Classification.

3.2 Springs: origin, characteristics, importance and classification

3.3 Physical and chemical characteristics of Lakes

3.4 Physical and chemical characteristics of rivers

3.5 Stratification in lakes and rivers: thermal and chemical.

IV. AQUATIC ORGANISMS

4.1 Ecological classification of fresh water organisms.

4.2 Plankton: importance and management.

4.3 Macrophytes: importance, classification and management.

4.4 Aquatic organisms- Fishes, importance, causes of their depletion & conservation.

4.5 Aquatic birds: Importance and causes of their depletion.

SUGGESTED READING MATERIAL

1. Wetzel, R. G. (2002). Limnology Lakes and River Ecosystem. Academic Press, London.

2. Schowoerbel, J. (1991). Handbook of limnology. Scientific publ. Jodhpur.

3. Goldman, C. R. and Horne, A. J. (1994). Limnology. McGraw Hill Int. Book Co., New

Delhi.

4. Hutchinson, G. E. (2004). Treatise on Limnology. Vol. I, part-2, Vol. II. John Willey and

Sons, New York.

5. Jhingran, V. G. (1992). Fish and Fishes of India. Hindustan Publishing Corporation, India.

6. Aggarwal, S. C. (1999). Limnology. APH Publ. Corp., New Delhi.

7. Garg, S. K. (1998). Hydrology and water resources engineering. Khanna Publishers,

Delhi.

8. Bal, A.S (2005). An Introduction to Environment Management. Himalaya Publishing

House, Mumbai.

9. India’s Wetlands Mangroves and Coral Reefs (1992). WWF India.

10. Dugan, P. (1993). A Mitchell Beazley World Conservation Atlas. Wetlands in Danger.

Mitchell Beazley, London.

11. Abbasi, S. A. (1997). Wetlands of India. Discovery Publishing House. New Delhi.

12. Sinha, P. C. and Mohanty, R. (2002). Wetland Management Policy and Law. Kanishka

Publishers, Distributors, New Delhi.

MES215

Bioinformatics

Elective Paper - I

Maximum Marks: 75 Total Teaching Hrs: 45

Theory: 55 Time Allowed: 3 hrs

Internal Assessment: 20

Minimum Pass Marks: 35%

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections: A, B, & C. Section A & B will have four questions in each section from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 8 1/2 marks each. Section C will consist of 7 short-answer type questions covering the entire syllabus uniformly and each will carry 3 marks.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt two questions each from the section A and B of the question paper and the entire section C.

SECTION – A

1. Bioinformatics : Concepts, skills and Applications

1. Introduction and objectives of Bioinformatics

2. Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics

3. Elementary Knowledge about Biological Molecules and their Structural Profiles

2. Operating Systems, Programming.

2.1. Using Linux Operating System

2.2 Programming with perl

2.3 Understanding and Using Biological databases

2.4 Molecular markers and their role in modern biology

SECTION –B

3. Sequence Alignments, Phylogeny and Phylogenetic trees

3.1 Local and Global Sequence alignment, pairwise and multiple sequence alignment.

3.2 Scoring an alignment, scoring matrices

3.3 Types of phylogenetic trees

3.4 Different approaches of phylogenetic tree construction - UPGMA, Neighbour joining, Maximum Parsomony, Maximum likelihood

Suggested Reading MATERIAL

1. Xiong, Jin.2006. Essential Bioinformatics. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts

2. Gibas, Cynthia and Jambeck, Per. 2006. Developing Bioinformatics computer skills. O'Reilly, Cambridge

3. Rastogi, S.C., Mendiratta, Namita and Rastogi, Parag. 2003. Bioinformatics: Concepts , Skills and Applications . CBS Publishers and Distributors

4. Scientific American, Editors at Scientific American. 2001 Understanding Nanotechnology

5. Shelley. Toby. 2006. Nanotechnology: New Promises, New Dangers (Global Issues). Zed Books, U.K

6. Walker, J.M. and Rapley, R.2000. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (4th edition) . The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, U.K

7. Avise, John C. 2004. Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution (2nd Edition) Sinauer Associates, Inc. , Sunderland , Massachusetts

8. Saxena Sanjay (2003) A First Course in Computers, Vikas Publishing House

9. Pradeep and Sinha Preeti (2007) Foundations of Computing, 4th ed., BPB Publications

10. Lesk M.A.(2008) Introduction to Bioinformatics . Oxford Publication, 3rd International Student Edition

11. Primrose and Twyman (2003) Principles of Genome Analysis & Genomics. Blackwell

ONLINE READING MATERIAL

1. Biology/Bioinformatics-Books.html

2. bioinformatics

MES216

Practical Paper III: Pertaining to theory MES211 & MES212

MES211

1. To compare dissolved oxygen content in standing and running water samples.

2. To study the free carbon dioxide content in the water sample.

3. Study of alkalinity in the water sample.

4. Study of total hardness in the water sample.

5. Collection of plankton: plankton nets.

5. 6. Collection of Zoobenthos: Scoop sampler, Ekman Dredge grab and Vanveen's grab

7. Counting of plankton and zoobenthos

8. Study of plankton in given water sample: Phytoplankton, Zooplankton

9. Study of Zoobenthos.

MES212

1. Sterilization of glassware used in microbiology laboratory.

2. Preparation of nutrient broth and nutrient agar.

3. Preparation of nutrient agar plates and swabbing to obtain colonies.

1. 4. Differential staining of given culture to identify gram positive and gram negative bacteria.

5. Perform hanging drop mount method to examine the motility of bacteria.

3. 6. Determine the total number of microorganisms per ml of given milk sample by direct microscopic count.

7. Determine the quality of given milk sample by using Methylene Blue test.

5. 8. Perform stormy clot fermentation test to detect the presence of anaerobic bacteria in given milk sample.

6. 9. Demonstration of Catalase activity for H2O2 production in the given bacterial colony.

MES217

Practical Paper IV: Pertaining to theory papers MES213,

MES214 & MES215

MES213

1. To prepare project/assignment on impact of changing ecology on wild life.

2. To prepare project/assignment on role of wild animal in an ecosystem.

3. 3. To prepare project/assignment on documentation of wild life of Harike bird Sanctuary.

4. 4. Project report on Wild life of a National Park (Raja Ji National Park/Jim Corbett National Park)

5. To study the wild animals in the laboratory.

6. An assignment on ecology of biological invasions in India.

MES214

1. To study different methods of air monitoring

2. To study the different methods of water sampling.

3. A visit to nearby Sewage Treatment Plant

4. 4. To separate a sample of amino acids with the help of paper chromatography and TLC.

5. Demonstration of working of Spectrophotometer and Gas Chromatography.

6. Project work as assigned by the teacher.

MES215

1. Knowledge about computer, different softwares, operating systems & web

2. Introduction to bioinformatics databases

3. Phylogenetic analysis

4. Sequence retrieval using BLAST

5. Sequence alignment & phylogenetic analysis using clustalW & phylip Knowledge of HTML and its usage

*Minor changes in the practical syllabus can be done as per availability of the material.

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