Disorders of the excretory system:



Disorders of the excretory system:

1. acute renal failure: occurs when kidneys lose their capability to filter blood in a short period of time. hours to days.

2. Glomerulonephritis: is an immune complex disease whereby antibodies attack the basement membrane of the kidneys or antigen antibody complexes deposit there causing enhanced inflammation. This reaction destroys the basement membrane and can cause proteins and large molecules to leak into the urine.

3. Renal insufficiency: can develop when nephrons are destroyed due to infection, damage from diabetes, arteriosclerosis, hypertension. This is usually treated with dialysis.

4. Kidney stones: a common disorder. most stones are crystals formed from calcium and oxalate. Urine has inhibitors that prevent crystal formation but some people do not have enough and are more prone to developing stones. If crystals are tiny they travel and get stuck in urethra. sometimes they get stuck in ureter and can cause severe back pain, nausea, vomiting, blood in urine. A person will either pass it naturally or the stones have to be crushed and removed surgically.

5. urinary tract infections: urethritis ( urethra), cystitis( bladder), pyelonephritis ( include kidneys). Most common cause is bacteria E.coli. Very common in females because of the short urethra. Risk factors include sexual intercourse, poor personal hygiene. treatment with antibiotics, increase water intake ( cranberry juice).

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