An Environmental History of Canada

Laurel Sefton MacDowell

An Environmental History of Canada

Sample Material ? 2012 UBC Press

Contents

Acknowledgments / 1x Introduction / 1 Part 1: Aboriginal Peoples and Settlers 1 Encountering a New Land / 11 2 Settling the Land and Transforming the "Wilderness" / 40 Part 2: Industrialism, Reform, and Infrastructure 3 Early Cities and Urban Reform / 75 4 The Conservation Movement / 96 5 Mining Resources / 120 6 Cars, Consumerism, and Suburbs / 140 Part 3: Harnessing Nature, Harming Nature 7 Changing Energy Regimes / 163 8 Water / 188 9 The Contested World of Food and Agriculture / 215 Part 4: The Environmental Era 10 The Environmental Movement and Public Policy / 243 11 Parks and Wildlife / 268 12 Coastal Fisheries / 286 13 The North and Climate Change / 305 Conclusion / 326 Index / 331

Sample Material ? 2012 UBC Press

Sample Material ? 2012 UBC Press

Acknowledgments

This book began in the early 1990s, when I started to rethink Canadian history from an environmental perspective. I developed an undergraduate course in Canadian environmental history and a graduate course in North American environmental history, and I organized a conference on the new field of environmental history. I then began to write this book.

Many people have influenced and assisted me. A special thanks to Elizabeth Jewett for help with the photos. Ben Bradley, Colin Coates, Harriet Friedmann, Richard Hoffman, George Warecki, Alexander Murray, and the Toronto Environmental History group read and commented on earlier versions of several chapters. Thanks to Richard White for his advice about the photos and maps. Thanks to my daughter,

Jen MacDowell, who searched for and copied many articles, saving me a lot of time.

I particularly want to thank Randy Schmidt, senior editor at UBC Press, for his patience and support through a lengthy review and revision process. More recently, I worked with copy editor Lesley Erickson, production editor Holly Keller, and cartographer Eric Leinberger to bring the book to press. It has been a large task, but I appreciate their excellent work.

I am dedicating this book to Carl Berger ? my friend, teacher, colleague, and husband. Carl studied the natural world long before there was a field of environmental history. Together, we have bird-watched, gardened, and walked in forests, fields, and deserts. These experiences have influenced me and inform this history.

Sample Material ? 2012 UBC Press

Sample Material ? 2012 UBC Press

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