Ch 13 File and Disk Maintenance - Del Mar College



Chapter 13

File and Disk Maintenance

LECTURE NOTES

|CHAPTER OUTLINE |TEACHING SUGGESTIONS |

|CHAPTER OVERVIEW |[pic] SLIDES 2-7 |

|How to avert hard drive problems and how to avert conditions that can cause | |

|data errors will be discussed. |Chapter Overview duplicated in PowerPoint slides. |

|Will learn the purpose and function of and then use Check Disk, Disk |After completion of lecture, suggest to students that they review Objectives|

|Cleanup, Disk Defragmenter, and Task Scheduler. |and Outcomes found on first page of chapter as a check to see if they have |

|The importance of and procedures for backing up and restoring files are |mastered concepts. |

|discussed. | |

|Will create an Automated System Recovery Disk for start up problems. | |

|The purpose and function of the Registry will be discussed. | |

|Will use the Computer Management tool to explore and manage your computer | |

|system. | |

| |SECTION 13.1 (pp. 720-723) |

|DETECTING AND REPAIRING DISK ERRORS WITH CHECK DISK |[pic] SLIDES 8-20 |

|Detecting and Repairing Disk Errors with Check Disk | |

|Physical hard drive problems. |A truism – not if you will have problems with hard drive, but when. |

|Wear and tear on hard disk. |Support power management |

|Minimize problem and conserve power with |Places computer on standby (when idle). |

|Power Management. |Monitor/hard disks turned off. |

|Hibernation. |Computer uses less power. |

|Head crash. |Minimize wear on system. |

|Minimize – place system where it will not get knocked around. |Hibernation. |

| |Turns off monitor/hard disk. |

| |Saves everything in memory on disk. |

| |Turns off computer. |

| |Head crash = Hard disk failure. |

| |Read/write head comes into contact with platter |

|Software-related hard drive problems. |Magnetic coating where data recorded damaged. |

|Viruses. | |

|Causes. | |

|Installing infected program. |Virus = A program that has damaging side effects. |

|Using a data file that has an embedded virus. |Can be intentional/unintentional. |

|To minimize. |Can destroy computer’s hard disk/data. |

|Purchase antivirus program. |Popular virus protection programs: Norton AntiVirus and Network Associates |

|Error causing conditions that may be repairable. |(formerly McAfee) VirusScan. |

|Power surges. |Surge protector (surge suppressor) = Prevents surges from reaching computer.|

|Minimize with surge protector. |UPS (Uninterruptible power supply) =--Provides backup power supply. |

|Power outages. |Locked system = Keyboard, mouse, and program are frozen. |

|Minimize with UPS. |NTFS (New Technology File system) |

|Locked system. |Volume = disk partition. |

|Minimize by following shutdown process. |Chain = A pointer, (when referring to FAT), that links clusters together. |

|Check Disk comes with WXP |Lost clusters |

|Locates/repairs problems on hard disk. |Marked by WXP as being in use but not representing any part of the chain of |

|Checks for logical errors in file system. |a file. |

|Invalid entries in tables that keep track of file locations |Fat knows clusters are occupied by data – does not know to which file |

|Problems that involve physical disk, lost clusters or cross-linked files. |clusters belong. |

|Lost clusters – not uncommon. |Clusters have no directory entry in directory table and do not belong to any|

|FAT/directory work together to define where/what files are. |file. |

|Each file has entry in directory table which points to starting cluster in |Lost clusters are debris resulting from incomplete data. |

|FAT. |Lost files converted into files |

|If file longer than one cluster - FAT pointer leads to next cluster |View contents - see if you want data. |

|Pointers chain together all clusters that make up file. |Files stored in root directory. |

|If pointer lost – chain broken. |Have extensions of .chk. |

|Broken chain is lost cluster | |

|Incorrectly marked by FAT as used - Unavailable for new data. |Discussion Question (1) What are three occurrences that can cause a loss of |

|Lost clusters |data on a hard drive? |

|Belong to no file. |Discussion Question (2) – What is the purpose and function of the Check Disk|

|Cannot be retrieved/deleted. |program that comes with Windows XP Professional? |

|Data useless. | |

|Lose disk space. | |

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|Reasons for lost clusters. | |

|Not exiting program properly. | |

|Power surge/failures. | |

|Check Disk | |

|Fix lost clusters automatically or | |

|Save them to disk as files. | |

|Cross-Linked Files. | |

|Two or more files claim same cluster as part of their chain. | |

|One file claims same cluster twice. | |

|Data in cross-linked file. | |

|Usually correct for only one file. | |

|May not be correct for any file. | |

|Check Disk | |

|CAN check/repair local hard drives, floppy disks, and removable drives. | |

|CANNOT find/fix errors on CD-ROMs or network drives. | |

|Only used on actual physical drives connected to system. | |

|System must have exclusive access to disk to complete job. | |

|Use on a regular basis. | |

|When using – close all open programs. | |

|Dealing with disk structure. | |

|Open files/programs can cause data loss/corrupt files, etc. | |

|If disk (volume) formatted as NTFS, WXP automatically (without running Check| |

|Disk) | |

|Logs all file transactions. | |

|Replaces bad clusters. | |

|Stores copies of key information for all files on NTFS volume. | |

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|ACTIVITY—USING CHECK DISK | |

|Using Check Disk | |

|MYDATADISK disk should be in Drive A. | |

|Activity steps. | |

|Open Windows Explorer | |

|Click My Computer | |

|Right-click Drive A icon | |

|Click Properties/Tools/Check Now/ Start/ OK/OK. | |

|Close all open windows | |

|Activity completed. | |

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|CLEANING UP YOUR DISK | |

|Cleaning Up Your Disk | |

|Hard drive determines computer’s performance. |SECTION 13.2 (pp. 723-725) |

|All files stored on hard disk. |[pic] SLIDE 21 |

|Want easy/quick access to files. | |

|Need disk space for |Choose error checking – invoke Check Disk |

|New files. |Two check disk options: |

|Temporary files that programs create. |Automatically fix file system errors |

|Documents waiting to be printed. |Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors |

|Cache files. |Selecting this option automatically activates first option. |

|Recycle bin. |Status bar indicates program’s progression. |

|If files/caches not deleted frequently | |

|Hard drive runs out of space. | |

|System performance slowed down. |SECTION 13.3 (p. 725) |

|Disk Cleanup. |[pic] SLIDES 22-24 |

|Utility tool. | |

|Helps maintain disk space. |Cache = storage area for often used information that can be accessed |

|Intended for hard drives. |quickly. |

| |Many programs do not delete temporary files. |

|ACTIVITY—USING DISK CLEANUP | |

|Using Disk Cleanup |Discussion Question (3) – What is a cache? |

|Activity steps. |Discussion Question (4) – What is the purpose of Disk Cleanup? What |

|Click |benefits do you gain from running this program? |

|Start/Programs/Accessories | |

|System Tools/Disk Cleanup | |

|Down arrow in drop-down list box | |

|Outside drop-down list box/OK | |

|Recycle Bin/View Files command button | |

|Close Recycle Bin | |

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|Click |SECTION 13.4 (pp. 726-730) |

|More Options tab/Clean Up (under Windows Components)/Cancel |[pic] SLIDE 25 |

|Clean Up (in Disk cleanup window under Installed Programs)/Close | |

|Clean Up (in disk Cleanup window under System Restore) |Analysis of students’ computers not the same. |

|No/Disk cleanup tab/OK/Yes |Be sure to view files before eliminating them. |

|Start/All Programs/Accessories |Discuss other options that free up disk space. |

|System Tools/Disk Cleanup/OK/Cancel | |

|Activity completed. | |

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|CONTIGUOUS AND NONCONTIGUOUS | |

|Contiguous and Noncontiguous Files |System Restore |

|To store and retrieve files (data). |Utility used to restore computer to a previous state if a problem occurs |

|Disk divided into sectors (numbered blocks). |with WXP |

|Sectors grouped into clusters. |Works with WXP files and Registry |

|Cluster set of contiguous sectors. |Does not affect data files. |

|Number of sectors in cluster on hard disk varies – depends on: |WXP creates a restore point daily and at time of significant events |

|Size of hard drive. |(installing new program/new device driver/etc. |

|How it was installed. |System restore points take up lots of disk space. |

|File (usually) larger than one cluster. | |

|WXP keeps track of location of all file parts. | |

|When File deleted in FAT or FAT32 | |

|Only entries in FAT deleted. |Discussion Question (19) – What is the purpose and function of System |

|Space file occupied available. |Restore? |

|Writing files to a disk. |Discussion Question (20) – What is a restore point? |

|WXP tries to write to adjacent cluster. | |

|Easier to retrieve/store information when file is contiguous. |SECTION 13.5 (pp. 730-731) |

|Fragmented disk. |[pic] SLIDES 26-30 |

|Disk composed of noncontiguous files. | |

|Takes longer to read as head moves around disk to find all parts of a file. |WXP keeps track of data (grouped into files). |

| |File = Program, or collection of related information (data) stored on a |

| |disk. |

| |Contiguous - in contact or touching. |

| |Contiguous files = Files written to adjacent clusters on a disk. |

| |Noncontiguous files = Files written to a disk in nonadjacent clusters. |

| |Sector = portion of a track (data stored in tracks) that is 512 bytes long.|

| |Clusters = Smallest unit WXP handles. |

|OPTIMIZING PERFORMANCE OF DISKS | |

|Optimizing the Performance of Disks |Discussion Question (5) - Compare and contrast contiguous and noncontiguous |

|Defragger, disk optimization program or disk defragger. |files. |

|Utility program fixes fragmented disk. | |

|Moves data around on a disk to make files contiguous. | |

|Directory table and FAT rewritten so new locations of files are available. | |

|Prior to running Disk Defragmenter. | |

|Run Check Disk and Disk Cleanup. | |

|Remove all lost or cross-linked clusters/unnecessary files. | |

|Close all open programs. | |

|Allow ample time. | |

|Back up disk as program manipulates disk. | |

|Disk Defragmenter used only on local drives. |SECTION 13.6 (p. 731) |

|Must have administrator privileges to use this utility program. |[pic] SLIDES 31-32 |

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| |Defragger (disk optimization program) = A means to optimize performance on a|

| |disk. |

|ACTIVITY—USING DISK DEFRAGMENTER |Rearranges files/programs/empty spaces on hard drive. |

|Using Disk Defragmenter |Not a disk compression program |

|Place MYDATADISK disk in Drive A. |-----Does not compress data. |

|Activity steps. |In System Tools, WXP provides Disk Defragmenter |

|Click Start/My Computer |Good time to run disk defragmenter program is overnight, or when away from |

|Right-click Drive A icon |computer. |

|Click Properties/Tools tab/Defragment Now/OK/Drive C/Analyze button/View |Cannot use Disk Defragmenter on floppy/network. |

|Report |If disk defragmenter program run every couple of weeks decreases running |

|Scroll to bottom of Volume Information list box |time as program will have less to do. |

|Click Close | |

|If you have another drive, select it |Discussion Question (6) - How does the Disk Defragmenter utility help |

|Click Analyze |optimize disk performance? |

|When analysis is complete Click View Report and scroll to bottom of Volume |Discussion Question (7) - List and explain two factors that should be |

|Information list box then Click Close |considered before defragmenting your disk. |

|Close all open windows |SECTION 13.7 (pp. 731-735) |

|Activity completed. |[pic] SLIDE 33 |

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| |Floppy disks cannot be defragmented. |

|STARTING PROGRAMS AUTOMATICALLY |Can start defragment from menus or from a property sheet |

|Starting Programs Automatically |Line color indicates file’s current status. |

|Task Scheduler. |Volume Information reports statistics describe volume size, cluster size, |

|Can schedule any program to run at any selected time. |and used, free and percentage of free space. |

|Make sure program |Show students how to interpret Analysis display bar. |

|Does not need user input. |Discuss View Report. |

|Can exit when task completed. | |

|Can be used to schedule tasks such as Disk Cleanup or Backup. | |

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|ACTIVITY—USING TASK SCHEDULER |SECTION 13.8 (pp. 735-736) |

|Using Task Scheduler |[pic] SLIDES 34-35 |

|Activity steps | |

|Click Start/All Programs/Accessories/ System Tools/Scheduled |Task Scheduler = wizard for scheduling any program to run at any time. |

|Tasks/View/Tiles |Example of using Task Scheduler: |

|Double-click Add Scheduled Task |Dial online during off-hours, search for certain topics, download results, |

|Click Next/Disk Cleanup/Next/Weekly/ Next/Sunday/Next |hang up. |

|Enter password in second and third text boxes |Need program for this task before it could be scheduled. |

|Click Next/Finish/View/Refresh/Advanced (on menu bar) |Discussion Question (8) – List and explain two ways that the Task Scheduler |

|Close menu |wizard could be used. |

|Click Disk Cleanup/ key/Yes | |

|Close Scheduled Tasks window/all open windows. |SECTION 13.9 (pp. 736-740) |

|Activity completed. |[pic] SLIDE 36 |

| |Can schedule program to run at almost any interval |

| |Must identify user responsible for starting this task by keying in user’s |

|BACKING UP YOUR DATA |name and logon password. |

|Backing Up Your Data |When clicking Advanced on menu bar can: |

|Critical task (often neglected). |Pause or stop using Task Scheduler. |

|Backup = duplicate of file (s) on a disk copied to another medium. |Look at log of completed tasks. |

|Retrieve files by restoring them to original medium. |Notified of any missed tasks. |

|Advantage of backup vs. copy. |Task Scheduler files have extension of .job. |

|Backup file can span multiple backup disks. | |

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| |SECTION 13.10 (pp. 740-743) |

|Working with WXP |[pic] SLIDES 37-46 |

|Create settings, install/delete programs. | |

|Adding/making changes to system Registry. |Backup = Making copy of file for safekeeping. |

|If Registry corrupt – cannot boot WXP |Prior - used floppies - time consuming. |

|With backup – restore to what you had previously. |Now - use tape backup unit, removable drive (Zip or Jaz drives), or special |

|Backup program supplied with WXP supports five methods of backups: |tapes. |

|Normal or Full backup |Discuss difference in backing up files on different types of media. |

|Copies all files from hard drive to backup medium. |Making back ups critical – if data on hard disk lost – no need to recreate |

|Archive bit turned off after files are backed up. |it (can copy data back to hard drive from tape/floppy/etc.) |

|Archive bit OFF – Backup knows file has been copied. |For back ups to be useful, need to back up data regularly. |

|File edited - archive bit turned ON. | |

|Copying file – attribute not altered by copy routine. | |

|Archive bit altered by certain programs such as Backup. |Archive bit = File attribute (archive flag). |

|Incremental Backup. |Gives backup history of a file. |

|Only copies files that have changed or created since last normal or |Archiving file = Archiving to save a file usually refers to long-term |

|incremental backup. |storage. |

|Marks files as having been backed up by clearing archive bit. |Full backup = Backup procedure that backs up every file on a disk. |

|Differential backup. |Full system backup does what full back up does, but also copies system files|

|Copies files that have changed or created since last normal or incremental |including Registry. |

|backup. |Registry = Contains all of system’s settings and allows system to function |

|Does not mark files as having been backed up. |properly. |

|Does not clear archive bit. |Differential backup = Backs up all selected files that have changed since |

|Daily Backup |the last time an All selected files backup was used. |

|Backs up modified files only on day backup performed. |Incremental backup = Only backs up files that have changed since last full |

|Files not marked as having been backed up. |or incremental backup. |

|Archive bit is not cleared. |Archive data = Information stored in archive files. (See Archive Bit above).|

|Option requires Backup run on daily basis. |- Archiving a file removes a file from hard disk and stores it on another |

| |medium for historical purposes. |

| |Compare and contrast differential and incremental backups. |

|Copy Backup |- Incremental saves time when doing backup. |

|Backs up selected files. |- Differential saves time when restoring files. |

|Does not mark files as having been backed up. |Stress importance of doing test restore to be sure restore is working. |

|Archive bit not cleared. |Discuss |

|Comparing full backups to incremental backups. |- Various backup mediums. |

|Full backups – |- How often backups should be done & why. |

|Longer to backup but shorter to restore. |- Importance of having more than one copy of backup. |

|Incremental backups | |

|Longer to backup but shorter to restore. |Discussion Question (9) - Why is it important to back up data? Programs? |

|Usually use combination of: |Discussion Question (10) - Compare and contrast full (normal) and |

|Full backups and incremental backups |incremental backups. |

|Restore most recent full backup media and all incremental media that have |Discussion Question (11) – What is the difference between using a |

|changes on them. |differential backup or using the daily option for incremental backups? |

|Takes least amount of storage | |

|Quickest method for backing up | |

|Restore takes longer – need all tapes and disks. |Discussion Question (12) - Why is it wise to have more than one copy of your|

|Full backups and differential backups. |backup? |

|More time consuming |Discussion Question (13) – List and explain two ways that the Backup Program|

|Restore faster/easier because backup data stored on fewer disks/tapes. |can be used. |

|Restore most recent full backup media and all incremental media that have | |

|changes on them. | |

|Differential backup backs up selected files that have changed since last | |

|normal or incremental backup. | |

|All files that have archive bit on are backed up | |

|Backup complete – archive bit is left on. | |

|Need regular backup schedule. | |

|Determined by computer usage and how often files are edited. | |

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|If on network | |

|Network administrator – takes care of full backup. | |

|You take care of data files. | |

|Wise to have more than one copy of backup media. | |

|Do not store both copies in one place (fire and theft problems). | |

|To access Backup | |

|Right-click a drive/Choose Properties/Tools Tab/and select Backup Now | |

|command button. | |

|Can also access Backup from Programs submenu. | |

|Backup can be used to | |

|Archive data. | |

|Make room on hard disk by copying seldom-used files to backup medium. | |

|Transfer programs/files to other computers. | |

|Make new computer look like old system. | |

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|ACTIVITY—USING BACKUP | |

|Using Backup | |

|Place MYDATADISK disk in Drive A | |

|Activity steps. | |

|Click Start/All Programs/Accessories/ System Tools/Backup | |

|Switch to Wizard | |

|Always Start in Wizard Mode should have a check mark | |

|Click Next/Backup files and Settings/Next/Let me choose what to | |

|backup/Next/plus sign next to My Computer | |

|Expand Drive C | |

|Locate and expand WUGXP folder | |

|Click WUGXP in left pane – be sure not to place a check mark in the box | |

|In right pane locate and check boxes in front of AST.99/AST.NEW/AST.TMP/ | |

|ASTRO.TMP/ASTRO.TXT | |

|Click Next | |

|Select Backup and key in ASTRO | |

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|Click Next/Advanced/down arrow in drop-down list box/Next | |

|Clear all options | |

|Click Next/Next | |

|Now is selected | |

|Click Next/Finish/Report button | |

|Close Notepad then Click Close | |

|Open Windows Explorer/Drive A | |

|Close Drive A window. | |

|Activity completed. | |

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|RESTORE |SECTION 13.11 (pp. 743-751) |

|Restore |[pic] SLIDE 46 |

|Backup option/Restore Wizard | |

|Used to copy some/all of files to original disk/another disk/or directory. |Backup requires writing information to hard disk – each system unique – |

|Can choose which backup set to copy from. |steps are only one example of how to use Backup |

|To restore |If doing activity on PC – only doing incremental backup of some files. |

|Choose Restore and type of restoration. |Should not and cannot perform this activity if on a network. |

|OR Choose Restore Wizard. |Discuss Backup and Restore Wizard. |

| |Backup files and settings – 4 backup choices |

|ACTIVITY—RESTORING FILES |Personal documents and settings |

|Restoring Files |Documents/settings of everyone who is a user on system |

|Activity steps. |All information on computer (includes creating ASR disk including Registry |

|Click |and other key system files. |

|Start/All Programs/Accessories |What you want to back up |

|System Tools/Backup/Next |Note: default \setting is to back up My Documents and settings. |

|Restore files and settings/Next |Compare Backup Wizard window with Explorer Window. |

|MYDATADISK is in Drive A |Wizard wants to know where to back up to. |

|Click plus sign in left pane |Backup creates file. |

|In right pane, click last entry in list |- User decides device/file name to use. |

|In left pane, click check box (next to Drive C)/Next/Advanced command |“Discuss types of backups. |

|button/down-arrow (in Restore files to drop-down list box) |- Normal, Copy, Incremental, Differential. |

|Click | |

|Original location/Next | |

|Replace existing files/Next/Next |SECTION 13.12 (p. 751) |

|Finish/Report command button |[pic] SLIDE 47 |

|Close Notepad/Restore Progress dialog box | |

|Click |Suggest to students to periodically do a practice restore to ensure that |

|Start/All Programs/Accessories |backup is working correctly (i.e., bad tape, not copying, etc.) |

|System Tools/Backup | |

|Advanced Mode/Restore and Manage Media tab/Schedule jobs tab | |

|Close Backup window | |

|Activity completed. |SECTION 13.13 (pp. 751-758) |

| |[pic] SLIDE 48 |

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|AUTOMATED SYSTEM RECOVERY (ASR) |Activity one example of how to restore. |

|Automated System Recovery (ASR) |If doing activity on PC – only doing incremental backup of some files. |

|Built in repair system for a catastrophic failure of system. |If on a network do not/cannot do this activity. |

|Saves information about disk partitions arrangements, system files and |Files can be restored to original location/alternate location/single folder.|

|detected hardware |Discuss option buttons to select and restore files that are on disk. |

|Saves contents of system drive to some backup media. |Restore remembers which drive and folder files came from. |

|During process creates floppy disk that is pointing to location of backup |Wizard used but Backup/Restore can be used. |

|files. | |

|Feature not available on WXP Home Edition. |Discussion Question (14) – Explain how you can restore files. |

|Repair system relies on creation of an Automated system Recovery (ASR) | |

|Created in Advanced Mode of Backup | |

|Need ASR, availability of backed up system files & WXP installation CD to: | |

|Boot system. | |

|Repair corrupted system. | |

|Fix corrupt Registry. |SECTION 13.14 (pp. 758-759) |

|Does not save program files or data files. |[pic] SLIDES 49-51 |

|Not substitute for backing up data. | |

|Used for system problems. |Process is automated – requires a fair amount of preparation. |

|Restores system, as it was when ASR was made/upgraded. |Choose location that can handle large files |

|To repair damaged version of WXP |Zip disk or another drive on a network. |

|Boot system from WXP installation CD or setup floppy disk. |Update ASR when any change made to system. |

|Asked if you want to install WXP or repair damaged version. | |

|To Repair, press and follow directions. | |

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| |Emergency repair process also relies on data saved in %SystemRoot%\Repair |

|THE REGISTRY |Folder |

|The Registry |Notation %SystemRoot% indicates a variable name. |

|WXP is customizable |Substituted name of your Windows folder. |

|OS keeps track of Configuration information |Discussion Question (15) – The Automated System Recover (ASR) is not a |

|System information i.e. hardware, applications, users. |substitute for backing up data. Explain. |

| |Discussion Question (16) – What is the purpose and function of the Automated|

| |System Recovery (ASR)? |

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|PREVIOUS VERSIONS OF WINDOWS | |

|Initialization files (used in previous versions of Windows). | |

|.INI file extension (comes from initialization files). | |

|Used to store information (users, environmental parameters, and necessary | |

|drivers.) | |

|Two types of initialization files in | |

|System initialization files. | |

|Windows created the system .ini files (WIN.INI and SYSTEM.INI). | |

|Configuration files contained info Windows needed | |

|To run itself. | |

|To run programs installed on specific computer. | |

|Private initialization files. | |

|Application programs create private .INI files. | |

|Kept track of state of application, i.e., screen position or last-used | |

|files. | |

|W had two primary initialization files. | |

|To run windows both files were needed. | |

|WIN.INI file | |

|Information on how system behaved. | |

|Primary location for software configuration information. | |

|Specific system-wide information added by software application. |SECTION 13.15 (pp. 759-761) |

|SYSTEM.INI file. |[pic] SLIDES 52-60 |

|Pointed OS to correct hardware and software components such as device | |

|drivers. |Initialization of files discussed because of downward compatibility. |

|Primary location for computer hardware system information. |Initialization files = Files that initialize program/process. |

| |- Earlier Windows version, OS and most application programs stored |

| |information about users, environmental parameters and necessary drivers in |

| |.INI files |

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| |WIN.INI and SYSTEM.INI files were needed to run Windows and programs |

|Also used REG.DAT file. |installed on specific computer. |

|Registration database |SYSTEM.INI for hardware settings. |

|Information about |WIN.INI for user settings. |

|-- How various applications open. |Also needed REG.DAT for file associations, various private initialization |

|-- How some print file extensions. |files, and object linking & embedding. |

|-- How OLE objects handled, etc. | |

|Not ASCII file |Discussion Question (17) – Compare and contrast system and private |

|Only edited by REGEDIT |initialization files found in previous versions of Windows. |

|NOW WINOWS XP USES SINGLE LOCATION, CALLED REGISTRY FOR HARDWARE, SYSTEM |Discussion Question (18) – What is the purpose and function of the Registry?|

|SOFTWARE AND APPLICATION CONFIGURATIONS INFORMATION. | |

|Old files available for legacy application programs. | |

|Registry Information comes from | |

|Installation of Windows XP. | |

|Booting of Windows XP. | |

|Applications. | |

|System and user interaction. | |

|Every part of W uses Registry | |

|Registry files kept in %SystemRoot%\System32\Config. | |

|Registry files (backed up) kept in %SystemRoot%\Repair\RegBack. | |

|Registry can be restored by | |

|Use ASR disk – choices available to restore Registry by using Recovery | |

|Console. | |

|Text based command interpreter – allows system administrator to access hard | |

|disk and files. | |

|Beyond scope of text. | |

|“Last Known Good Configuration” option – | |

|Use arrow to highlight title then press | |

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|Safe Mode – Press key | |

|Loads minimum drivers and functionality that allows Windows XP to run. | |

|Go into safe mode – presented with Startup menu | |

|Allows you to troubleshoot different types of problems. | |

|System Restore – easier way to solve many problems. | |

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|SYSTEM RESTORE | |

|System Restore | |

|Used to undo changes made to computer and restore computer to “Desirable | |

|State” | |

|Does the following: | |

|Rolls back computer to more stable state. | |

|System Restore keeps track of changes made at specific times | |

|Tracks when new software program installed | |

|Above times called restore points | |

|Can create own personal points | |

|Restore points allow you to “roll back” your computer to when everything was| |

|working correctly. | |

|Saves email messages, browsing history, and so on | |

|Does not save or restore documents. | |

|For computer system not data files | |

|May select which dates you want to restore to (use calendar) | |

|Provides several restore points | |

|Creates initial system checkpoint when you upgrade or install WXP | |

|Regular checkpoints created daily and at significant events | |

|Restore points created prior to update if Windows Automatic update is used. | |

|All system restores are reversible. | |

|If restore point selected not successful – can undo it. | |

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|ACTIVITY – USING SYSTEM RESTORE | |

|Using System Restore | |

|Activity cannot be done in lab environment | |

|Activity steps. | |

|Click | |

|Start/All Programs/Accessories |SECTION 13.16 (pp. 761-762) |

|System Tools/System Restore |[pic] SLIDES 61-62 |

|Create a restore point/Next | |

|Key in Pre-Wonder |Making changes to system settings (hardware/software) can cause |

|Click |computer/devices to no longer work or to work incorrectly. |

|Create/Close/Start/All Programs |System is in an “undesirable state”. |

|Accessories/System Tools |Discuss why System Restore cannot be used to save data. |

|System Restore |Amount of changes saved depends on computer usage, hard disk size, amt. of |

|Be sure Restore my computer to an earlier time is selected. |space allocated to store System Restore Information |

|Click Next/Show previous button/Cancel |Typically one to three weeks. |

|Activity completed. | |

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|PLUG AND PLAY AND DEVICE DRIVERS | |

|Plug and Play and Device Drivers |Discussion Question (21) – If you use System Restore, is it still necessary |

|Prior to W95, adding hardware was an involved process. |to back up your data files? Why or why not? |

|Physically added hardware. | |

|Each component needs access to system resources (such as IRQ and DMA | |

|channels). | |

|Make software changes. | |

|Hardware devices need software support found in driver files that must be | |

|installed. | |

|Need some technical expertise to adjust settings so hardware devices work. | |

|Plug and Play (Plug it in and play it). | |

|Industry standard developed by Intel and Microsoft. |SECTION 13.17 (pp. 762-765) |

|Automates adding new hardware to computer. |[pic] SLIDE 63 |

|WXP better than W95/98/2K Professional | |

|Process. |Created restore point – make description brief but meaningful |

|Install hardware. |Displayed restore points - Any date that is in bold on calendar holds a |

|Boot system. |restore point |

|Windows XP | |

|Detects hardware device. | |

|Makes appropriate adjustments to system. | |

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|Windows XP added support for new types of devices. | |

|Universal serial bus (USB). | |

|USB devices share common connector – do not need to be configured manually. | |

|IEEE 1394 – high-speed serial bus. | |

|Used by devices that need fast data transfer (Scanners/Video cameras.) | |

|For Plug and Play to work, need |SECTION 13.18 (pp. 765-766) |

|Computer with Plug and Play compatible BIOS. |[pic] SLIDES 64-68 |

|Device to be installed is Plug and Play compatible. | |

|OS is Plug and Play compatible (W2000 is). |IRQ = (Interrupt Request Line) signals CPU to get its attention. |

|Full support in WXP requires |DMA (Direct Memory Access) devices. |

|Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) compliant system board. |Use DMA channels to access memory. |

|BIOS. |Do not go through CPU. |

|OS – WXP. |Hardware conflict (device won’t work). |

|Device to be installed. |Devices competing for same IRQ or DMA channel. |

|Drivers for that device. | |

|Legacy hardware. | |

|Hardware that is not Plug and Play compatible. | |

|WXP solves hardware conflicts with older computer/devices. | |

|Use Add/Remove Hardware wizard in Control Panel. | |

|If hardware conflicts occur use Device Manager. | |

|To add updated drivers. | |

|Help identify problems. | |

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|ACTIVITY—LOOKING AT PLUG & PLAY | |

|Looking At Plug and Play | |

|Activity steps. | |

|Click | |

|Start/My Computer/Properties | |

|Hardware tab/Device Manager |Software drivers = Provide software support for/or “drive” the hardware. |

|Expand and then collapse Computer entry |Called drivers because they “drive” the hardware. |

|Locate and double-click System devices |Sometimes called “Plug and Pray”. |

|Right-click Plug and Play Software Device Enumerator. |Computers manufactured between 1995 and 1998 use |

|Click |Advanced Power Management (APM) BIOS\ or Plug and Play BIOS. |

|Properties/Driver tab (if available) |Plug and Play setting in BIOS needs to be set to off. |

|Driver Details/OK/Cancel |See computer documentation on how to do this. |

|Minus sign next to System Devices. | |

|Select and expand Sound, video and game adapters | |

|Right-click sound card. | |

|Click Properties/Driver tab/Cancel | |

|Collapse entry | |

|Close all open windows. | |

|Activity steps. | |

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|THE PAGING FILE | |

|The Paging File | |

|Previously called swap file. | |

|Space on hard drive used as virtual memory when system runs out of physical | |

|memory. | |

|Paging file is dynamic (shrinks/grows). | |

|Pros/cons of paging file. | |

|Slows down performance. | |

|Using disk vs. memory. | |

|Gives user more “room” to operate. | |

|Can set place and size of paging file. | |

|Microsoft recommends letting Windows manage paging file. | |

|Reasons for setting place/size of paging file. | |

|Second hard drive free of executable programs. | |

|Large hard drive with little information. | |

|Increases paging file size. | |

|Place paging file on drive with fastest access time. | |

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|ACTIVITY – LOOKING AT SETTING UP YOUR PAGING FILE | |

|Setting Up Your Paging File | |

|Activity steps. | |

|Click Start | |

|Right-click My Computer | |

|Click | |

|Properties/Advanced tab | |

|Settings command button (in Performance Options) |SECTION 13.19 (pp. 766-771) |

|Advanced tab/Change command button |[pic] SLIDE 69 |

|Question mark in title bar | |

|Initial size (MB) text box |Determine if computer is compatible with Plug and Play. |

|Cancel/Cancel/Cancel |ISA Plug and Play BIOS. |

|Activity completed. |ISA Plug and Play bus on older system. |

| |Not all devices have a Driver tab because not all devices have drivers. |

|ADMINISTRATIVE TOOLS AND SYSTEM INFORMATION |Driver tab |

|Administrative Tools and System Information |Driver Details |

|System Information |Update driver |

|Collects/displays system configuration information for local/remote |Roll back driver |

|computers |Uninstall |

|Includes hardware configuration, including driver information. |Device manager window tells you if devices are working properly. |

|Used to view/access different tools |? = Problem and device is disabled. |

|Use to find information required by support technicians. |Explanation point enclosed in a circle = Device has a problem. |

|Saves data files in files with .nfo ext |Can look at each device on system and review its properties and attributes. |

|Microsoft Management Console (MMC) |Discussion Question (23) – Why would you want to roll back a driver? Where |

|Tool to create/save/open collection of administrative tools (console). |would you accomplish this task? |

|Framework that hosts admin tools. | |

|Go over Figure 11.5Administrative Tools, (PowerPoint slide) | |

|Component Services. | |

|Programming tool used to create/configure/maintain COM applications. |SECTION 13.20 (pp. 771-772) |

|Tool rarely used by user. |[pic] SLIDES 70-73 |

|Computer Management. | |

|Manage disks, and local and remote computers. |Computer’s system performance impacted by |

|Has information about computer system. |Amount of physical memory. |

| |Processor. |

| |Swap file = Windows “swaps” information to and from hard disk when needed. |

| |Demand paging = Process of swapping information to and from hard disk. |

|Data Sources (ODBC). |Virtual memory = Memory that doe snot actually exist. |

|Programming/Administrative tool to access data from various database |Can extend size of computer’s memory by using a disk to simulate memory |

|management systems. |space. |

|Event Viewer. |Compare virtual and regular memory. |

|Gathers hardware/software and system problems information. | |

|Monitors security events. |Discussion Question (22) – What is a paging file? Explain some of the |

|Local Security Policy. |advantages and disadvantages of paging. |

|Allows Security administrator to configure security levels for local | |

|computer policies. | |

|Performance. | |

|Logging counter/event data/generating performance alerts features. | |

|Services. | |

|Can start/stop/pause/resume services on remote and local computers. |SECTION 13.21 (pp. 772-774) |

|Can configure startup and recover options. |[pic] SLIDE 74 |

|Services include tasks as running scheduled tasks or starting network | |

|connection. |ACTIVITY IS SPECIFIC TO MACHINES USED FOR DEMONSTRATION. |

| |Can specify virtual memory settings. |

|ACTIVITY—USING SYSTEM INFORMATION AND COMPUTER MANAGEMENT |For best performance follow Windows suggestions |

|Using Computer Management |Set initial size to equal or greater than recommended size |

|Activity steps. |Must be administrator to make any changes |

|Click Start/All Programs/Accessories/ System Tools/System Information | |

|Expand Hardware Resources. | |

|Click IRQs/Tools | |

|Collapse hardware resources | |

|Close System Information window | |

|Click Start/Control Panel | |

|Double-click Administrative Tools/Computer Management | |

|Storage should be expanded | |

|Double-click Disk Management |SECTION 13.22 (pp. 774-775) |

|Close Computer Management/Control Panel |[pic] SLIDES 75-77 |

|Activity completed. | |

| |Console = Collection of administrative tools. |

| |Full exploration of MMC beyond scope of this textbook. |

| |Administrative Tools folder found in Control Panel. |

| |Many tools in Administrative Tools require user to have administrator |

| |privileges. |

| |Can add Administrative Tools to Start menu using Taskbar and Start Menu |

| |Properties sheet. |

| |Counter log |

| |Can record data about items as hardware usage and also provide alerts. |

| |Can set an alert on counter defining that message be sent when counter’s |

| |value equals, exceeds, or falls below some specified setting. |

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| |Discussion Question (24) – What is system information? Identify two kinds |

| |of information you could locate in this tool. |

| |Discussion Question (25) – What is the Microsoft Management Console (MMC)? |

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| |SECTION 13.23 (pp. 776-777) |

| |[pic] SLIDE 78 |

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| |System Summary |

| |View all info about computer system |

| |Tools that can be used. |

| |System Restore |

| |Net Diagnostic –checks network connections |

| |File Signature Verification Utility –maintains integrity of system – detects|

| |changes |

| |Direct X –enhances multimedia capabilities – provides access to display and |

| |audio cards |

| |Dr. Watson – detects system information and program failures – records |

| |information in log file (used by technical support professionals) |

| |Disk Management |

| |Graphical tool for managing disks. |

| |Support for partitions and logical drives. |

| |Allows online administrative tasks without shutting down system or |

| |interrupting users. |

| |Provides shortcut menus to show tasks that can be performed on a selected |

| |object. |

| |Must be administrator to use. |

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