BUILDING TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT IN …

BUILDING TRANSIT ORIENTED

DEVELOPMENT IN

ESTABLISHED COMMUNITIES

Julie Goodwill

Graduate Student Assistant

Principal Investigator

Sara J. Hendricks, AICP

Co-Principal Investigator

November 2002

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CENTER FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH

University of South Florida

4202 E. Fowler Avenue, CUT100

Tampa, FL 33620-5375

(813) 974-3120,

SunCom 574-3120,

Fax (813) 974-5168

Edward Mierzejewski, Ph.D., P.E., CUTR Director

Joel Volinski, NCTR Director

Dennis Hinebaugh, Transit Program Director

The contents of this report reflect the views of the author, who is responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the

information presented herein. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of

Transportation, University Research Institute Program, in the interest of information exchange. The U.S.

Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof.

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TECHNICAL REPORT STANDARD TITLE PAGE

1. Report No.

2.

Government Accession No.

3. Recipient's Catalog No.

473-135

4. Title and Subtitle

5. Report Date

Building Transit Oriented Development in Established Communities

October 2002

6. Performing Organization Code

7.

8. Author(s)

9. Performing Organization Report No.

Sara J. Hendricks and Julie Goodwill

10. Performing Organization Name and Address

11. Work Unit No.

National Center for Transit Research

Center for Urban Transportation Research,

University of South Florida

4202 E. Fowler Avenue, CUT 100,

Tampa, FL 33620-5375

12. Contract or Grant No.

DTRS98-G-0032

13. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address

14. Type of Report and Period Covered

Office of Research and Special Programs

U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C. 20690

Florida Department of Transportation

605 Suwannee Street, MS 26, Tallahassee, FL 32399

15. Sponsoring Agency Code

16. Supplementary Notes

Supported by a grant from the Florida Department of Transportation and the U.S. Department of

Transportation

17. Abstract

This report provides a synthesis of the steps that established car oriented communities have taken to transform

into transit oriented communities. The report identifies several approaches, such as the use of transit oriented

design, focusing transit oriented development (TOD) around park-and-ride lots, making changes to land

development regulations, parking management, offering development incentives, coordinating stakeholders,

incorporating transit into future development/redevelopment, crafting TOD design guidelines, predesignating

transit corridors, ensuring pedestrian and bicycle access, adapting transit services to the needs of suburbanstyle communities, offering location efficient mortgages and ideas for dealing with community resistance

toward applying transit friendly measures to car oriented communities. This report presents a literature review

with conclusions, an annotated bibliography and five case studies of communities that have taken steps to

become transit oriented. These communities include Atlanta, Charlotte, Orlando, the Central Puget Sound

Region in Washington and Denver.

18. Key Words

19. Distribution Statement

Transit oriented development,

public transit, transit oriented

design

Available to the public through theNational Technical Information Service

(NTIS),5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22181 ph (703) 487-4650

20. Security Classif. (of this report)

21. Security Classif. (of this page)

Unclassified

Unclassified

Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-69)

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22. No. of pages

23. Price

Table of Contents

Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................i

Introduction ...............................................................................................................................1

The Emergence of Suburbia .....................................................................................................3

Characteristics of Suburban Land Development.........................................................4

Implications of Suburban Development for Transit....................................................6

The Reestablishment of Transit Oriented Communities..........................................................7

Reinstituting Transit Oriented Design .........................................................................7

Trends Supporting Transit Oriented Development .....................................................7

Perceived Benefits of Transit Oriented Development.................................................8

Typical Transit Oriented Development Design Features............................................9

Performance Criteria for Successful Transit Oriented Development .......................10

Challenges To Transit Oriented Development ..........................................................11

Financial Risk To Developer ..............................................................................12

High Initial Public Investment Costs..................................................................12

Unsupportive Regulatory Framework................................................................12

Community Resistance .......................................................................................12

Community Approaches to Becoming Transit Friendly........................................................14

Applying Financing Methods for Transit Oriented Development............................14

Offering Incentives.....................................................................................................14

Coordinating Stakeholders .........................................................................................15

Tailoring Land Use Regulations To Promote Transit Oriented Design ...................16

Crafting Transit Supportive Design Guidelines ........................................................17

Providing Effective Pedestrian and Bicycle Access..................................................17

Managing Parking ......................................................................................................18

Building Transit Oriented Development At Park-And-Ride Lots ............................19

Predesignating Transit Corridors ...............................................................................20

Incorporating Transit Service Into Future Development/Redevelopment................20

Adapting Transit Services to Suburbia ......................................................................21

Offering Location Efficient Mortgage?....................................................................23

Offering Car Sharing Programs .................................................................................24

Overcoming Community Resistance Through Public Education .............................24

Conclusions .............................................................................................................................27

Appendix A: Case Studies ......................................................................................................30

Charlotte, North Carolina...........................................................................................31

Public Support.....................................................................................................31

Corridor Transit Planning ...................................................................................31

South Corridor.....................................................................................................32

Transit Station Area Principles...........................................................................32

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Joint Development Principles.............................................................................33

Pedestrian Overlay Districts ...............................................................................33

Recent Transit Improvements.............................................................................33

Conclusion...........................................................................................................34

Denver, Colorado .......................................................................................................35

Blueprint Denver.................................................................................................35

FasTracks ............................................................................................................35

The T-REX Project .............................................................................................35

Examples of Transit-Oriented Development .....................................................36

The Point Project....................................................................................................... 36

I-25 and Broadway.................................................................................................... 36

Union Station ............................................................................................................ 37

Conclusion...........................................................................................................37

Atlanta, Georgia..........................................................................................................38

Georgia Regional Transportation Authority (GRTA) .......................................38

Atlanta Regional Commission Initiatives ..........................................................39

Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority TOD .........................................39

Lindbergh City Center .............................................................................................. 39

Medical Center.......................................................................................................... 40

Conclusion...........................................................................................................40

Orlando, Florida..........................................................................................................41

Land Development Code ....................................................................................41

Bicycle Plan.........................................................................................................42

Central Florida Mobility Design Manual ...........................................................42

Lymmo ................................................................................................................42

Examples of Transit-Oriented Development .....................................................43

Naval Training Center Redevelopment.................................................................... 43

Southeast Orlando Sector Plan ................................................................................. 43

Other Examples......................................................................................................... 44

Conclusion...........................................................................................................44

The Central Puget Sound Region, Washington.........................................................45

Central Puget Sound Regional Transit Authority ..............................................45

King County Transit Oriented Development Program......................................46

The Village at Overlake Station ............................................................................... 46

Metropolitan Place .................................................................................................... 46

Station Area Planning .........................................................................................47

Location Efficient Mortgage? Program ............................................................48

The Ave Street Project ........................................................................................48

Conclusion...........................................................................................................49

Appendix B: Annotated Bibliography...................................................................................50

Endnotes ..................................................................................................................................57

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