BUILDING TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT IN …
BUILDING TRANSIT ORIENTED
DEVELOPMENT IN
ESTABLISHED COMMUNITIES
Julie Goodwill
Graduate Student Assistant
Principal Investigator
Sara J. Hendricks, AICP
Co-Principal Investigator
November 2002
i
CENTER FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH
University of South Florida
4202 E. Fowler Avenue, CUT100
Tampa, FL 33620-5375
(813) 974-3120,
SunCom 574-3120,
Fax (813) 974-5168
Edward Mierzejewski, Ph.D., P.E., CUTR Director
Joel Volinski, NCTR Director
Dennis Hinebaugh, Transit Program Director
The contents of this report reflect the views of the author, who is responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the
information presented herein. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of
Transportation, University Research Institute Program, in the interest of information exchange. The U.S.
Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof.
ii
TECHNICAL REPORT STANDARD TITLE PAGE
1. Report No.
2.
Government Accession No.
3. Recipient's Catalog No.
473-135
4. Title and Subtitle
5. Report Date
Building Transit Oriented Development in Established Communities
October 2002
6. Performing Organization Code
7.
8. Author(s)
9. Performing Organization Report No.
Sara J. Hendricks and Julie Goodwill
10. Performing Organization Name and Address
11. Work Unit No.
National Center for Transit Research
Center for Urban Transportation Research,
University of South Florida
4202 E. Fowler Avenue, CUT 100,
Tampa, FL 33620-5375
12. Contract or Grant No.
DTRS98-G-0032
13. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address
14. Type of Report and Period Covered
Office of Research and Special Programs
U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C. 20690
Florida Department of Transportation
605 Suwannee Street, MS 26, Tallahassee, FL 32399
15. Sponsoring Agency Code
16. Supplementary Notes
Supported by a grant from the Florida Department of Transportation and the U.S. Department of
Transportation
17. Abstract
This report provides a synthesis of the steps that established car oriented communities have taken to transform
into transit oriented communities. The report identifies several approaches, such as the use of transit oriented
design, focusing transit oriented development (TOD) around park-and-ride lots, making changes to land
development regulations, parking management, offering development incentives, coordinating stakeholders,
incorporating transit into future development/redevelopment, crafting TOD design guidelines, predesignating
transit corridors, ensuring pedestrian and bicycle access, adapting transit services to the needs of suburbanstyle communities, offering location efficient mortgages and ideas for dealing with community resistance
toward applying transit friendly measures to car oriented communities. This report presents a literature review
with conclusions, an annotated bibliography and five case studies of communities that have taken steps to
become transit oriented. These communities include Atlanta, Charlotte, Orlando, the Central Puget Sound
Region in Washington and Denver.
18. Key Words
19. Distribution Statement
Transit oriented development,
public transit, transit oriented
design
Available to the public through theNational Technical Information Service
(NTIS),5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22181 ph (703) 487-4650
20. Security Classif. (of this report)
21. Security Classif. (of this page)
Unclassified
Unclassified
Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-69)
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22. No. of pages
23. Price
Table of Contents
Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................i
Introduction ...............................................................................................................................1
The Emergence of Suburbia .....................................................................................................3
Characteristics of Suburban Land Development.........................................................4
Implications of Suburban Development for Transit....................................................6
The Reestablishment of Transit Oriented Communities..........................................................7
Reinstituting Transit Oriented Design .........................................................................7
Trends Supporting Transit Oriented Development .....................................................7
Perceived Benefits of Transit Oriented Development.................................................8
Typical Transit Oriented Development Design Features............................................9
Performance Criteria for Successful Transit Oriented Development .......................10
Challenges To Transit Oriented Development ..........................................................11
Financial Risk To Developer ..............................................................................12
High Initial Public Investment Costs..................................................................12
Unsupportive Regulatory Framework................................................................12
Community Resistance .......................................................................................12
Community Approaches to Becoming Transit Friendly........................................................14
Applying Financing Methods for Transit Oriented Development............................14
Offering Incentives.....................................................................................................14
Coordinating Stakeholders .........................................................................................15
Tailoring Land Use Regulations To Promote Transit Oriented Design ...................16
Crafting Transit Supportive Design Guidelines ........................................................17
Providing Effective Pedestrian and Bicycle Access..................................................17
Managing Parking ......................................................................................................18
Building Transit Oriented Development At Park-And-Ride Lots ............................19
Predesignating Transit Corridors ...............................................................................20
Incorporating Transit Service Into Future Development/Redevelopment................20
Adapting Transit Services to Suburbia ......................................................................21
Offering Location Efficient Mortgage?....................................................................23
Offering Car Sharing Programs .................................................................................24
Overcoming Community Resistance Through Public Education .............................24
Conclusions .............................................................................................................................27
Appendix A: Case Studies ......................................................................................................30
Charlotte, North Carolina...........................................................................................31
Public Support.....................................................................................................31
Corridor Transit Planning ...................................................................................31
South Corridor.....................................................................................................32
Transit Station Area Principles...........................................................................32
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Joint Development Principles.............................................................................33
Pedestrian Overlay Districts ...............................................................................33
Recent Transit Improvements.............................................................................33
Conclusion...........................................................................................................34
Denver, Colorado .......................................................................................................35
Blueprint Denver.................................................................................................35
FasTracks ............................................................................................................35
The T-REX Project .............................................................................................35
Examples of Transit-Oriented Development .....................................................36
The Point Project....................................................................................................... 36
I-25 and Broadway.................................................................................................... 36
Union Station ............................................................................................................ 37
Conclusion...........................................................................................................37
Atlanta, Georgia..........................................................................................................38
Georgia Regional Transportation Authority (GRTA) .......................................38
Atlanta Regional Commission Initiatives ..........................................................39
Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority TOD .........................................39
Lindbergh City Center .............................................................................................. 39
Medical Center.......................................................................................................... 40
Conclusion...........................................................................................................40
Orlando, Florida..........................................................................................................41
Land Development Code ....................................................................................41
Bicycle Plan.........................................................................................................42
Central Florida Mobility Design Manual ...........................................................42
Lymmo ................................................................................................................42
Examples of Transit-Oriented Development .....................................................43
Naval Training Center Redevelopment.................................................................... 43
Southeast Orlando Sector Plan ................................................................................. 43
Other Examples......................................................................................................... 44
Conclusion...........................................................................................................44
The Central Puget Sound Region, Washington.........................................................45
Central Puget Sound Regional Transit Authority ..............................................45
King County Transit Oriented Development Program......................................46
The Village at Overlake Station ............................................................................... 46
Metropolitan Place .................................................................................................... 46
Station Area Planning .........................................................................................47
Location Efficient Mortgage? Program ............................................................48
The Ave Street Project ........................................................................................48
Conclusion...........................................................................................................49
Appendix B: Annotated Bibliography...................................................................................50
Endnotes ..................................................................................................................................57
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