Review for Biology Fall Semester



Directions: For all SR questions explain why your answer is correct and why the other choices are incorrect.

1. Look at the water molecule. Describe how the structure of water influences its:

• Polarity: The slightly positive and negative ends of water. The side with the hydrogens is positive and the sides with the oxygen is negative

• Density: Less dense as a solid than as a liquid, hence ice floats in water

• Solvent properties: Water is a universal solvent meaning that it can

dissolve many solutes (sugar/salt)

2. As water becomes colder, it sinks, yet ice floats. Describe what happens to the density of water as the water temperature decreases from 20(C to 4(C and then from 4(C to 0(C.

• Explain why the density of water is affected by temperature.

As the temperature decreases to freezing the water that forms ice will be less dense than the liquid water.

• Explain how living things in ponds benefit from this property.

Living things in a pond, such as fish, will be protected and given a thermal barrier that will allow them to survive the winter/cold months.

3. Draw and label a pH scale.

0--------------------------7--------------------------14

Acid Neutral Base

(Lemons) (H20) (Soap)

4. Describe the effect of pH on:

• enzyme regulation: If there are drastic changes in pH the enzyme will denature (unwind/unwrap) and no longer function.

• living organisms: Living organisms need the pH in specific locations to be stable and remain at homeostasis for normal bodily conditions to continue.

5. A bush, 3.5 meters tall, is 1,000 times larger than a eukaryotic cell. What size is the cell in meters?

A. 3.5 x102 m

B. 3.5 x10-3 m

C. 3.5 x10-4 m

D. 3.5 x105 m

Show how you did the conversion or describe it in words.

A eukaryotic cell, animal or plant cell, is smaller than a bush which means the exponent must be negative. Since it is 1000 times smaller you will count the zeroes and get the number three, which tells you the answer must be an exponent that is -3

6. Describe or draw the structure of carbohydrates. What roles do carbohydrates have in living organisms?

Carbohydrates are organic molecules that contain carbon, such as the sugar glucose( C6H12O6. Carbs, such as sugar, give our bodies energy.

7. Which of these best describes the major role of carbohydrates in the human diet?

A. form cell membranes

B. catalyze cellular reactions

C. supply energy for the body

D. provide building blocks for proteins

8. Describe the structure of lipids. What roles do lipids have in living organisms?

The building blocks of lipids are: 3 fatty acids and a glycerol. They store energy for the body and create the cell membrane for cells.

9. Describe the structure of proteins. What roles do proteins play in living organisms?

10. The building blocks of proteins are: amino acids. They help our body make muscles and help with cell repair.

11. State the roles of vitamins C, K and D.

Vitamin C: helps our immune system/keeps us healthy

Vitamin K: allows our body to make blood clots

Vitamin D: keeps our bones strong

12. Describe the difference between an organic and inorganic molecule? Give an example of each.

Organic molecules contain carbon like CO2 and CH12O6

Inorganic molecules do not contain carbon like H2O and O2

13. Describe an enzyme and explain the role of enzymes.

Enzymes increase the rates of chemical reactions

Enzymes are specific to the substrate it bonds with and can be used multiple times

14. Without enzymes, the chemical reactions in your body would

A. not occur at all.

B. occur at much the same rate as they do now.

C. require a different pH.

D. occur too slowly to support life processes.

15. Enzymes only work with specific substrates because each substrate

A. has a specific activation site for enzyme attachment. _

B. can only use a specific ionic bond with the enzyme.

C. destroys its specific enzyme.

D. actively interferes with other substrates around it.

BCR:

|Temp ((C) |Enzyme Action |

| |Rate (%) |

|0 |20 |

|10 |25 |

|20 |60 |

|30 |80 |

|40 |100 |

|50 |20 |

16. The table shows data collected for an enzyme.

• Sketch a graph of the data. Based on the data, at what temperature does the enzyme work best?

The enzyme works best at 40 because it is at 100%

• Write a statement that summarizes the effect of temperature on the reaction rate of the enzyme.

As the temp. increase the action rate increase until it peaks

at 40. Then after 40 it begins to drastically decrease.

17. Plants such as the Venus flytrap and the sundew attract and consume insects. These plants are able to produce substances which break down the insect into compounds that are usable by the plant. Which of these chemical compounds break down the insect?

A. [pic]lipids

B. minerals

C. [pic]enzymes

D. [pic]nucleic acids

18. Venus flytraps obtain much of their nitrogen from amino acids found in the insects. Which of these is the source of the amino acids?

A. [pic]lipids

B. proteins

C. nucleic acids

D. carbohydrates

19. Explain how temperature affects the rate of diffusion. Sketch a graph to illustrate your answer.

As temperature increases the rate of diffusion will increase from an area of high concentration to low concentration because the molecules will vibrate and move at a quicker pace and travel faster through air or water.

20. Draw the structure of the cell membrane and label the parts. Describe the function of the cell membrane.

The outside structure of the cell membrane is made of lipids. Objects pass through the membrane through protein channels.

[pic]

21. Which of the following is an example of osmosis?

A. the movement of sugar from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

B. the movement of sugar from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration

C. the movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

D. the movement of water molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration

22. A student prepared a wet-mount slide of red onion skin and observed it under high power of a compound light microscope (view A). After adding a substance to the slide and waiting one minute, the student observed that there were changes in the cells (view B).

• Identify a substance that could have been added to the cells in view A to make them resemble the cells view B. The cell wall of the plant cell stays the same but the internal vacuole, which holds water, shrinks. The substance was salt. It draws the water out of the vacuole by osmosis and this is called hypertonic.

• Identify the specific substance that diffused to cause the change in appearance from view A to view B. The substance that moved out of the vacuole is water.

23. Starch turns blue-black in the presence of iodine solution. A selectively permeable dialysis sac containing a starch solution is placed into a beaker of iodine solution. After a few minutes the starch solution turned blue-black.

[pic]

Why did the starch solution turn black? Explain what is taking place in the beaker.

The starch solution turned black because the iodine diffused across the semi-permeable dialysis sac into the starch solution. This is taking place because the dialysis sac allows the iodine to pass through (semi-permeable) and a color change is seen.

24. Which characteristic of prokaryotic organisms makes them different from eukaryotes?

A. Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles.

B. Prokaryotes do not have chromosomes.

C. Prokaryotes are made of cells.

D. Prokaryotes have DNA.

25. Create a graphic organizer to show how the cell membrane, the organs of the excretory system, and the circulatory system (blood) all work together in a multicellular organism to dispose of wastes. Write a text description for the graphic organizer

The excretory system removes waste from the blood (circulatory system) by the kidneys. The waste, which is now urine, is placed into the bladder where it will be removed when the bladder is full.

26. Identify the structures used in movement and describe how each organism moves.

A: Psuedopodia (false foot): stretches its body forward and pulls itself forward

B: Flagella: It uses the single back appendages to propel forward

C: Cilia: The tiny hairs around the outside move together to shift its body forward

27. Which of these is not a direct function of the skeletal system?

A. blood circulation

B. muscle attachment

C. support of the body

D. protection of the organs

28. Using the diagram of the elbow, explain how the skeletal and muscular systems work together to raise and lower the forearm.

Your muscles are attached to the bones in your body and

As you move the Humerus bone your bicep and tricep

Will contract and expand with it.

29. Listed below are the many roles of the circulatory system. Describe what materials are transported by the circulatory system. Explain how the system accomplishes each of its roles.

• Transports substances to and from cells.

Red blood cells transport oxygen to vital organs of the body to allow them to function

• Helps maintain constant internal temperature.

• Helps maintain constant pH and water balance.

• Protects the body.

White blood cells help our body remain healthy by protecting us from diseases and infections. If white blood cells counts decrease our body is fighting off infection.

30. What is the role of vascular tissue?

A. to promote reproduction

B. to control movement

C. to transport materials

D. to produce energy

31. Look at the diagram of the cell. Which structure performs a function similar to a function of the human lungs?

Structure 1: Nucleus: Holds DNA

Structure 2: Lysosome: Removes waste

Structure 3: Rough ER: Transports ribosomes to golgi apparatus

Structure 4: Cell Membrane: Allows the movements of materials

in and out of the cell

32. The pituitary gland sends out hormone 1 to a gland. The gland responds by releasing hormone 2. As the levels of hormone 2 rise, the pituitary gland stops releasing hormone 1. Sketch a graph of this process. What is the name of this process? The process is feedback

Pituitary gland ( hormone 1 ( gland ( hormone 2

Hormone 2 increases and the pituitary gland will stop releasing the first hormone

33. Describe the role of the endocrine system.

The endocrine system secretes hormones into the blood stream to control psychological and behavioral processes

34. The nervous system and senses detect internal and external changes in an organism’s environment and respond to those changes. Explain how the nervous system performs its role.

The nervous system is controlled by the brain. The brain controls the sense of feeling and responding to external environmental changes and internal body changes. The neurons in the brain send messages to your body to allow it to react to such changes to maintain homeostasis.

35. Describe a stimulus. Give an example of one and a possible response by the organism.

A Stimulus is something external to your body that creates a reaction. Example: The light becoming bright and your pupils get smaller.

36. The diagram illustrates the movement of materials involved in a process that is vital for the energy needs of organisms. Where does this process occur?

A. chloroplasts

B. ribosomes

C. mitochondria

D. vacuoles

37. Which of these statements is illustrated by the diagram?

A. The mitochondrion uses the sun’s energy directly.

B. The end products of photosynthesis do not provide energy for cellular respiration.

C. The main source of energy for photosynthesis is carbohydrates.

D. Carbohydrates are converted into ATP by the mitochondrion.

38. Make a chart that shows the materials, products, and cellular organelles and conditions involved in photosynthesis.

Material needed: Sun/CO2/H2O

Products (output): C6H12O6 (Carb/organic molecule)/O2

Organelle: Chloroplast

Conditions: Area with Sunlight

39. Compare chemosynthesis and photosynthesis.

Chemo: Uses inorganic molecules to produce energy needed in areas without sunlight

Photo: Uses organic molecules to produce energy needed in areas with sunlight

BCR

40. Describe how carbon cycles through the environment.

• Explain how carbon dioxide is exchanged between plants and their environment: CO2 is taken in by plants from humans and factories that give off carbon and these plants produce O2 that is needed by animals/humans

• Describe how plants use carbon from the atmosphere to create more complex molecules: Plants use the carbon to produce complex molecules such as O2 and C6H12O6 by photosynthesis

• Describe how animals that eat plants change these carbon compounds and return carbon to the atmosphere: Animals will eat plants and take in the carbon, which is in the form of Carbohydrates, and return the carbon to the environment when they defecate or decompose after death

41. Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Anaerobic does not require oxygen

Aerobic requires oxygen

| |Anaerobic Respiration |Aerobic Respiration |

|Cellular organelles involved |Mitochondria |Mitochondria |

|Materials |Glucose |Oxygen and glucose |

|Products |Alcohol |CO2 and H2O |

|Energy |Oxygen |ATP |

42. A student performs an investigation to determine the heart rate of a rabbit. The teacher tells her the heart rate should be about 100 beats per minute. How could this information affect the investigation?

A. It could introduce bias.

B. It could remove experimental error.

C. It could increase the accuracy of the data.

D. It could reduce the number of measurements needed.

43. A study on a poultry farm was conducted to determine the percentage of vitamin supplement necessary to add to the feed of turkeys in order to maximize their growth. According to this data, what percentage of vitamin supplement should be added to the turkeys’ diet?

A. 6%

B. 8%

C. 10%

D. 14%

44. Describe the trend illustrated by the Turkey Growth Graph.

The trend shows that the weight will peak at 10% and begin to decrease until 12% when another increase occurs. Then at 14% it peaks one more time at which point it slowly begins to decrease.

45. In the lab setup pictured, a student is trying to determine the effect of pollutants on the growth of three groups of seeds. The results will not be valid because the experiment has no

A. conclusion.

B. hypothesis.

C. control.

D. variable.

46. Scientists are developing a microscopic submarine to deliver medicine to sites within the body. A biomotor that uses bacteria would move the submarine. The scientists are experimenting with several species of bacteria to find which one works best in the biomotor.

Which of these is the dependent variable in the scientists' experiment?

A. the species of bacteria

B. the movement of the submarine

C. the size of the submarine

D. the sites within the body

BCR

The drugs usually used to treat high blood pressure do not affect blood vessels in the lungs. Bosentan is a new drug being studied as a treatment for high blood pressure in the lungs. In an experiment, patients treated with bosentan showed an improvement in the distance they could walk without fatigue within 12 weeks. Design an experiment to test the effectiveness of bosentan in treating high blood pressure in the lungs. In your answer be sure to:

• state the hypothesis: If the drug Bosentan is taken then the patients will be able to walk a longer distance without begin fatigued

• describe the control group: The control group would be those patients who do not take the drug Bosentan

• list the constants: The amount of time the drug is take, the patients who do or do not take the drug, the distance walked by both groups

• describe the type of data that should be collected to determine if the hypothesis is supported: The data collected should be how far each group, with and without the drug, walk after the 12 week period

A company claims their fertilizer increases the growth of tomato plants by 25 %. The student decides to perform an experiment to test this claim. She performs the following procedure.

1. Choose three similar-sized tomato plants.

2. Plant each tomato plant in a small pot.

3. Place all three small pots into one container and place on a window sill.

4. Add fertilizer mixed with water to Plants 1 and 2.

5. Add only water to Plant 3.

6. Record the heights of the three plants after four weeks.

The results are shown in the table.

BCR

47. Analyze the student's experiment to determine if it supports the claims made in the fertilizer company's advertisement. In your response, be sure to include

• a description of data needed to support the company's claim: height of plants after 4wks

• an explanation of the results of the student's experiment: The plants did not grow 25% better with the fertilizer because Plant 3 grew the same amount as Plant 2

• an evaluation of the student's experiment: The experiment was well thought out but…

• a description of any changes you would make to the experiment; explain your answer

… changes could have been: more measurements, another plant without fertilizer

-----------------------

H

H

O

[pic]

A

[pic]

[pic]

C

[pic]

B

[pic]

[pic]

[pic]

[pic]

[pic]

[pic]

[pic]

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download