Patient with carcinoid 4 years ago and now develops diarrhoea
2003 onc q4
Patient with carcinoid 4 years ago and now develops diarrhoea. Octreotide scan shown. Best treatment?
Carcinoid tumours arise from the enterochromaffin cells of the GIT. They contain serotonin but can secrete a variety of polypeptides (bradykinin, somatostatin, ACTH, GH, gastrin, VIP) amines (serotonin, 5 HT histamine) and prostaglandins (E, F).
Carcinoid syndrome refers to symptoms of flushing, diarrhea, valvular heart disease and bronchoconstriction. These symptoms are related to release of the above mediators.
Diagnose by urinary 5-HIAA (sens 75% and spec 100%)
Other options are blood serotonin and provocation testing with epinephrine.
Then image with octreotide scan and/or CT.
Treatment for the carcinoid syndrome is :
Remove primary if localized. However if they have carcinoid syndrome then >90% have mets at diagnosis.
Would still remove primary in cases of SI carcinoid with mets to prevent mesenteritis.
?liver dissection if limited disease.
For diarrhea treatment would be codeine if mild. Best treatment for severe diarrhea is octreotide. In 80% it is effective in controlling symptoms and in 5% may cause regression of the cancer.
Answer octreotide.
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