Dove Medical Press



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Figure S1 Evaluation of CIA in rats. (A) Typical pictures of non-injected hind paws on day 36 after CIA induction. (B) The data of secondary hind paw swelling on every 4 days from day 12 to 36. (C) Typical pathological images of ankle joint sections (HE staining). High-power images (×200) show the amplifications of regions boxed in blue in low-power images (×50). CIA rat displayed many pathological characteristics resembling RA in joint pathology, including synovial hyperplasia (a), inflammatory cell infiltration (b), cartilage damage (c) and pannus formation (d). (D) The pathological scores of every parameter of ankle joint damage in CIA rats. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 30). ##P < 0.01 compared with normal rat group.

Abbreviations: CIA, collagen-induced arthritis; mL, milliliter; V, volume.

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