Key Events and Battles of the Civil War



APUSH SG 39 Key Events and Battles of the Civil War (Answer Key)

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|Event |Date |Location |Significance |

|Lincoln elected president |November 1860 |U.S. |Though winning in the electoral college, Lincoln's lack of a popular majority (1.9 million |

| | | |out of 4.7 million votes cast) is an indication of the problems he would face with a |

| | | |divided nation |

|Crittenden Compromise |December 1860 |U.S. |This unsuccessful, last-minute effort to avert the Civil War would have extended the |

| | | |Missouri Compromise line to California, protected slavery, & upheld the fugitive slave law.|

| | | |Its defeat made the Civil War inevitable. |

|South Carolina secedes |December 1860 |South Carolina |On news of Lincoln's election, South Carolina (site of nullification fight in 1830s) became|

| | | |the first of 11 states to secede from the Union |

|Confederacy formed |February 1861 |Montgomery, Alabama |Seven states form Confederacy, write their own constitution, and plan for an independent |

| | | |nation |

|Lincoln inaugurated |March 1861 |Washington, D.C. |Lincoln enters Washington D.C. in disguise because of unrest. Southerners begin seizing |

| | | |federal posts. |

|Ft. Sumter attacked |April 1861 |Charleston, South |Lincoln decides to supply Ft. Sumter, but wants the South to fire the first shot. When Fort|

| | |Carolina |Sumter is attacked, the Civil War began. |

|Bull Run (Manassas) |July 21, 1861 |Northern Virginia |During the first battle of the Civil War, Gen. McDowell led 30,000 men against 22,000 |

| | | |Southern troops in an attempt to go "On to Richmond." South scored a victory & McDowell was|

| | | |replaced by Gen. McClellan |

|Monitor vs. Merrimac |March 1862 |Off Hampton Roads, |First ironclad battle in history ends in a draw as the Merrimac withdraws after daylong |

| | |Virginia |exchange of fire. Union blockade of South is maintained |

|Shiloh |April 1862 |Tennessee |Grant overcomes Southern forces with heavy losses for each side: 13,000 Union casualties, |

| | | |11,000 for South |

|2nd Battle of Bull Run |August 1862 |Northern Virginia |McClellan replaced by Gen. Pope. Lee and Gen. Stonewall Jackson defeat Union troops again |

|(Manassas) | | |at Manassas and Pope is replaced by McClellan |

|Antietam |September 1862 |Maryland |Over 23,000 casualties (more than all previous American wars combined). Convinced England &|

| | | |France not to ally with the CSA; Gave Lincoln confidence to issue the Emancipation |

| | | |Proclamation |

|Emancipation Proclamation |September 23, 1862 |Washington, D.C. |With victory at Antietam, Lincoln announces that on 1/1/1863, all slaves in the rebelling |

| | | |states would be free. Does not affect border states. Forces European nations to recognize |

| | | |that choosing to support the South in the Civil War is support slavery. The Civil War |

| | | |becomes a moral war |

|Chancellorsville |May 1863 |Northern Virginia |Gen. Hooker defeated by Lee, but Stonewall Jackson is mistakenly shot by his own men and |

| | | |killed.  |

|Vicksburg |July 1863 |Mississippi |After a long siege, General Ulysses Grant is able to take full Union control of the |

| | | |Mississippi River. |

|Gettysburg |July 1863 |Pennsylvania |The largest battle in the Western Hemisphere. “Turning Point of the Civil War” because the |

| | | |Union defeated Lee’s army & the South never again invaded Northern soil; Began Northern |

| | | |“winning streak” |

|Chattanooga |November 1863 |Tennessee |Reinforced with troops from the East, Grant is able to push Southern troops back and |

| | | |prepare for assault on Atlanta and the heart of the Confederacy |

|Grant given command of all |March 1864 |Washington, D.C. |When Lincoln's Cabinet complains that Grant is a drunk and seeks to interfere with his |

|Union troops | | |command, Lincoln gives him unconditional support and asks not to be notified of his plans. |

| | | |Grant embraces “total war,” begins a siege of Richmond, and orders Sherman to “march to the|

| | | |sea” |

|“March to the Sea” |September-December |Georgia |Gen. Sherman destroys Atlanta and then sends troops on 300 mile destructive March to the |

|Atlanta to Savannah |1864 | |Sea. Railroads torn up, buildings destroyed, crops burned in an attempt to break the will |

| | | |of the South; Victory of Atlanta gave Lincoln a boost in the Election of 1864 |

|Lee surrenders |April 9, 1865 |Appomattox Court |Lee, refusing to see his troops suffer any further, surrenders to Grant. Southern troops |

| | |House, Va |given generous terms of surrender  |

APUSH SG 39 Key Events and Battles of the Civil War

S

|Event |Date |Location |Significance |

|Lincoln elected president |November 1860 |U.S. | |

| | | | |

| |December 1860 |U.S. |This unsuccessful, last-minute effort to avert the Civil War would have extended the |

| | | |Missouri Compromise line to California, protected slavery, & upheld the fugitive slave law.|

| | | |Its defeat made the Civil War inevitable. |

|South Carolina secedes | |South Carolina |On news of Lincoln's election, South Carolina (site of nullification fight in 1830s) became|

| | | |the first of 11 states to secede from the Union |

|Confederacy formed |February 1861 | |Seven states form Confederacy, write their own constitution, and plan for an independent |

| | | |nation |

|Lincoln inaugurated |March 1861 |Washington, D.C. |Lincoln enters Washington D.C. in disguise because of unrest. Southerners begin seizing |

| | | |federal posts. |

|Ft. Sumter attacked | |Charleston, South |Lincoln decides to supply Ft. Sumter, but wants the South to fire the first shot. When Fort|

| | |Carolina |Sumter is attacked, the Civil War began. |

| |July 21, 1861 |Northern Virginia |During the first battle of the Civil War, Gen. McDowell led 30,000 men against 22,000 |

| | | |Southern troops in an attempt to go "On to Richmond." South scored a victory & McDowell was|

| | | |replaced by Gen. McClellan |

|Monitor vs. Merrimac |March 1862 |Off Hampton Roads, | |

| | |Virginia | |

|Shiloh |April 1862 | |Grant overcomes Southern forces with heavy losses for each side: 13,000 Union casualties, |

| | | |11,000 for South |

|2nd Battle of Bull Run |August 1862 |Northern Virginia |McClellan replaced by Gen. Pope. Lee and Gen. Stonewall Jackson defeat Union troops again |

|(Manassas) | | |at Manassas and Pope is replaced by McClellan |

|Antietam |September 1862 |Maryland | |

| | | | |

| |September 23, 1862 |Washington, D.C. |With victory at Antietam, Lincoln announced that all slaves in the rebelling states (but |

| | | |not the border states) would be free. Forces European nations to recognize that choosing to|

| | | |support the South is support slavery. |

|Chancellorsville |May 1863 |Northern Virginia |Gen. Hooker defeated by Lee, but Stonewall Jackson is mistakenly shot by his own men and |

| | | |killed. |

| |July 1863 |Mississippi |After a long siege, General Ulysses Grant is able to take full Union control of the |

| | | |Mississippi River. |

|Gettysburg |July 1863 |Pennsylvania | |

| | | | |

|Chattanooga |November 1863 |Tennessee |Reinforced with troops from the East, Grant is able to push Southern troops back and |

| | | |prepare for assault on Atlanta and the heart of the Confederacy |

| |March 1864 |Washington, D.C. |Lincoln gives Grant unconditional support and asks not to be notified of his plans. Grant |

| | | |embraces “total war,” begins a siege of Richmond, and orders Sherman to “march to the sea” |

|“March to the Sea” |September-December |Georgia | |

|Atlanta to Savannah |1864 | | |

| |April 9, 1865 |Appomattox Court |Lee, refusing to see his troops suffer any further, surrenders to Grant. Southern troops |

| | |House, Va |given generous terms of surrender |

Name ____________________

APUSH SG 39 Date ____________ Pd ______

Reconstruction Plans, Laws, Amendments, and Effects

|Lincoln’s |Congress’ |Andrew Johnson’s Plan (“Presidential |“Radical |

|Reconstruction Plan |Wade-Davis Bill |Reconstruction”) |Reconstruction” Plan |

|Proposed: 1863 |Proposed: 1864 |Enacted:1865-1867 |Enacted:1867-1877 |

|Rejected by Congress |Vetoed by Lincoln | | |

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|Conditions: |Conditions: |Conditions: |Conditions: |

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|Programs passed by Congress to assist |Reconstruction Amendments |Political Impact of Reconstruction |Economic Impact of Reconstruction |

|African-Americans | | | |

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|Negative Effectives of Reconstruction |

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1. Which Reconstruction Plan was the most appropriate for the nation after the Civil War? Explain.

2. Did the positive effects of Reconstruction outweigh the negative effects? Explain.

3. What unanswered questions remain regarding “fixing” something that is “broken” in America?

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