Guidelines for Standards of Care in Animal Shelters

Association of Shelter Veterinarians

TM

Guidelines for

Standards of Care in

Animal Shelters

The Association of Shelter Veterinarians ? 2010

Authors:

Sandra Newbury, Mary K. Blinn, Philip A. Bushby, Cynthia Barker Cox,

Julie D. Dinnage, Brenda Griffin, Kate F. Hurley, Natalie Isaza, Wes Jones, Lila Miller,

Jeanette O��Quin, Gary J. Patronek, Martha Smith-Blackmore, Miranda Spindel

Guidelines for Standards of Care in Animal Shelters

Association of Shelter Veterinarians

TM

Guidelines for

Standards of Care in

Animal Shelters

The Association of Shelter Veterinarians ? 2010

Authors

Sandra Newbury, DVM, Chair, Editor

Koret Shelter Medicine Program, Center for

Companion Animal Health, University of California

Davis, Davis, California.

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Shelter Animal Medicine,

Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of

Wisconsin-School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison,

Wisconsin.

Mary K. Blinn, DVM

Shelter Veterinarian, Charlotte/Mecklenburg Animal

Care and Control, Charlotte, North Carolina.

Philip A. Bushby, DVM, MS, DACVS

Marcia Lane Endowed Professor of Humane Ethics

and Animal Welfare, College of Veterinary Medicine,

Mississippi State University, Mississippi State,

Mississippi.

Cynthia Barker Cox, DVM

Head Shelter Veterinarian, Massachusetts Society

for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Boston,

Massachusetts.

Julie D. Dinnage, DVM

Executive Director, Association of Shelter

Veterinarians, Scottsdale, Arizona.

Brenda Griffin, DVM, MS, DACVIM

Adjunct Associate Professor of Shelter Medicine,

College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida,

Gainesville, Florida.

Kate F. Hurley, DVM, MPVM

Koret Shelter Medicine Program, Center for

Companion Animal Health, University of California

Davis, Davis, California.

Wes Jones, DVM

Shelter Veterinarian, Napa Humane, Napa, California.

Lila Miller, DVM, Editor

Vice-President, Veterinary Advisor, ASPCA,

New York.

Adjunct Assistant Professor, Cornell University College

of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York.

University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary

Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Jeanette O��Quin, DVM

Public Health Veterinarian, Ohio Department of Health,

Zoonotic Disease Program, Columbus, Ohio.

Gary J. Patronek, VMD, PhD, Editor

Vice President for Animal Welfare and New Program

Development, Animal Rescue League of Boston, Boston,

Massachusetts.

Clinical Assistant Professor, Cummings School

of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts, North Grafton,

Massachusetts.

Martha Smith-Blackmore, DVM, Editor

Director of Veterinary Medical Services, Animal Rescue

League of Boston, Boston, Massachusetts.

Fellow, Tufts Center for Animals and Public Policy.

Clinical Assistant Professor, Cummings School

of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts, North Grafton,

Massachusetts.

Miranda Spindel, DVM, MS

Director of Veterinary Outreach, ASPCA,

Fort Collins, Colorado.

Natalie Isaza, DVM

Clinical Assistant Professor, Merial Shelter Medicine

Clerkship, College of Veterinary Medicine, University

of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.

3

Guidelines for Standards of Care in Animal Shelters

Table of contents

Authors

3

Introduction

7

Background

8

1. Challenges to Ensuring Welfare

8

2. The Need for Standards

9

3. The Five Freedoms and Companion Animals

10

How to Use This Document

11

Management and Record Keeping

12

1. Establishment of Policies and Protocols

12

2. Management Structure

12

3. Training

12

4. Animal Identification and Record Keeping

12

Facility Design and Environment

1. Primary Enclosure

13

2. Surfaces and Drainage

15

3. Heating Ventilation, and Air Quality

15

4. Light

16

5. Sound Control

17

6. Drop Boxes

17

Population Management

18

1. Capacity for Care

18

2. Protocols for Maintaining Adequate Capacity for Care

19

3. Monitoring Statistical Data

19

Sanitation

4

13

20

1. Cleaning and Disinfection

20

a) Sanitation Procedures

20

22

b) Fomite Control

2. Other Cleaning

23

3. Rodent/Pest Control

23

Medical Health and Physical Well-being

24

1. Veterinary Relationship and Recordkeeping

24

2. Considerations on Intake

25

Table of contents

3. Vaccinations

25

4. Emergency Medical Care

26

5. Pain Management

26

6. Parasite Control

27

7. Monitoring and Daily Rounds

27

8. Nutrition

28

9. Population Well-being

29

10. Response to Disease or Illness

29

a) Isolation

29

b) Diagnosis

30

c) Outbreak Response

30

11. Medical Treatment of Shelter Animals

Behavioral Health and Mental Well-being

1. Considerations on Intake

30

32

32

a) Behavioral History

32

b) Minimizing Stress

32

2. Behavior Evaluation

32

3. In-shelter Care

34

a) Environment

34

Enclosures

34

Separation

34

b) Daily Routine

34

c) Enrichment and Socialization

34

Interactions with People

34

Behavioral Considerations for Long-term Shelter Stays

35

Other Types of Enrichment

36

d) Behavioral Modification

Group Housing

36

37

1. Risks and Benefits of Group Housing

37

2. Facilities

37

3. Selection

37

4. When Group Housing is Inappropriate

38

5

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