Feline Infectious Peritonitis and Coronavirus Web Site
Haemoplasmosis in CatsABCD guidelines on prevention and managementAgent propertiesThe haemoplasmas are haemotropic mycoplasmas, bacteria that parasitize red blood cells and can induce haemolytic anaemia. They are currently classified within the genus Mycoplasma in the Mycoplasmataceae family of bacteria. However, recent work suggests that although the hemoplasmas probably do belong to this family, they may be better placed in their own separate genusPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5IaWNrczwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTQ8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5IaWNrczwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTQ8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 1. In contrast to many ‘classical’ mycoplasmas, haemoplasmas are uncultivable. Their propagation is possible in living animals only, not in vitro.Three main haemoplasma species known to infect cats are Mycoplasma haemofelis, ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’ and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis’. These mycoplasmas have a worldwide distribution.EpidemiologyFeline hemoplasma infections are usually more common in male, non-pedigree cats with outdoor access and cat bite abscesses. Infection with ‘Ca. M. haemominutum’ is usually more prevalent in older cats, presumably because cats have an increasing chance of acquiring chronic subclinical infection over their lifetime. Some studies have found an association between hemoplasma infection and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HZW50aWxpbmk8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA5PC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HZW50aWxpbmk8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA5PC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 2, 3 whereas others have not ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Willi</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>497</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">4</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>497</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ddvwrvzeir2fd2exf0kxxf5mvar5xzwe9prz" timestamp="1260824958">497</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Willi, B.</author><author>Boretti, F. S.</author><author>Baumgartner, C.</author><author>Tasker, S.</author><author>Wenger, B.</author><author>Cattori, V.</author><author>Meli, M. L.</author><author>Reusch, C. E.</author><author>Lutz, H.</author><author>Hofmann-Lehmann, R.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.</auth-address><titles><title>Prevalence, risk factor analysis, and follow-up of infections caused by three feline hemoplasma species in cats in Switzerland</title><secondary-title>Journal of Clinical Microbiology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of Clinical Microbiology</full-title><abbr-1>J Clin Microbiol</abbr-1></periodical><pages>961-969</pages><volume>44</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>2006</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><accession-num>16517884</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>, and most studies have failed to show an association between hemoplasma infection and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) infectionPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HZW50aWxpbmk8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA5PC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HZW50aWxpbmk8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA5PC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 2-4. However variable results have been seen regarding retroviruses as risk factors for haemoplasma infections. Recent epidemiology studies suggest that the host phenotype (e.g. aggressive male phenotype) may drive some of these associations rather than infections being simple risk factors for each otherPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DYXJ2ZXI8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxS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 EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DYXJ2ZXI8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE1PC9ZZWFyPjxS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 EN.CITE.DATA 5. The prevalence of the feline haemoplasma species varies geographically. In general ‘Ca. M. haemominutum’ is most prevalent (0-46.7% of cats in prevalence studies found to be infected), followed by M. haemofelis (0-46.6% of cats) and ‘Ca. M. turicensis’ (0-26.0% of cats) in domestic cats. Reported prevalences vary not only due to geographical variation but also because the cats sampled in different studies are very variable i.e. some test only ill anaemic cats, whereas others sample healthy cats only, and some test stray feral cats whereas others focus on owned cats.The clustered geographical distribution of infection in some studies supports the role of an arthropod vector in hemoplasma transmission ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Sykes</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>530</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">6</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>530</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ddvwrvzeir2fd2exf0kxxf5mvar5xzwe9prz" timestamp="1260824958">530</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Sykes, J. E.</author><author>Drazenovich, N. L.</author><author>Ball, L. M.</author><author>Leutenegger, C. M.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis 95616, USA. jesykes@ucdavis.edu</auth-address><titles><title>Use of conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction to determine the epidemiology of hemoplasma infections in anemic and nonanemic cats</title><secondary-title>Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine</full-title><abbr-1>J Vet Intern Med</abbr-1></periodical><pages>685-693</pages><volume>21</volume><number>4</number><keywords><keyword>Anemia/microbiology/*veterinary</keyword><keyword>Animals</keyword><keyword>Cat Diseases/*epidemiology/microbiology</keyword><keyword>Cats</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Mycoplasma/*isolation & purification</keyword><keyword>Mycoplasma Infections/epidemiology/*veterinary</keyword><keyword>Polymerase Chain Reaction/*veterinary</keyword><keyword>Retrospective Studies</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2007</year><pub-dates><date>Jul-Aug</date></pub-dates></dates><accession-num>17708387</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. The cat flea has been implicated in feline hemoplasma transmission, but only very transient M. haemofelis infection has been reported via the haematophagous activity of fleas, and clinical and haematological signs of M. haemofelis infection were not induced in the recipient catPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Xb29kczwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDU8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Xb29kczwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDU8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 7. Additionally, a recent study found no evidence of hemoplasma transmission by fleas in an experiment involving the introduction of fleas into groups of cats housed together ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Lappin</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>739</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">8</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>739</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ddvwrvzeir2fd2exf0kxxf5mvar5xzwe9prz" timestamp="1418390649">739</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lappin, M.R.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feline haemoplasmas are not transmitted by </style><style face="italic" font="default" size="100%">Ctenocephalides felis</style></title><secondary-title>9th Symposium of the CVBD World Forum</secondary-title></titles><pages>44-46</pages><dates><year>2014</year></dates><pub-location>Lisbon, Portugal</pub-location><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>8. Some observations have suggested that cat fights are involved in transmission. Subcutaneous inoculation of ‘Ca. M. turicensis’-containing blood resulted in infection transmission, whereas the same inoculation method using ‘Ca. M. turicensis’-containing saliva, did not ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Museux</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>583</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">9</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>583</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ddvwrvzeir2fd2exf0kxxf5mvar5xzwe9prz" timestamp="1260824958">583</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Museux, K.</author><author>Boretti, F. S.</author><author>Willi, B.</author><author>Riond, B.</author><author>Hoelzle, K.</author><author>Hoelzle, L. E.</author><author>Wittenbrink, M. M.</author><author>Tasker, S.</author><author>Wengi, N.</author><author>Reusch, C. E.</author><author>Lutz, H.</author><author>Hofmann-Lehmann, R.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="italic" font="default" size="100%">In vivo</style><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> transmission studies of '</style><style face="italic" font="default" size="100%">Candidatus</style><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> Mycoplasma turicensis' in the domestic cat</style></title><secondary-title>Veterinary Research</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Veterinary Research</full-title><abbr-1>Vet Res</abbr-1></periodical><pages>45</pages><volume>40</volume><number>5</number><dates><year>2009</year><pub-dates><date>Sep-Oct</date></pub-dates></dates><accession-num>19505421</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> (Print)
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</research-notes></record></Cite></EndNote>9. This suggests that hemoplasma transmission by social contact (saliva via mutual grooming etc.) is less likely than transmission by aggressive interaction (blood transmission during a cat bite incident) ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Museux</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>583</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">9</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>583</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ddvwrvzeir2fd2exf0kxxf5mvar5xzwe9prz" timestamp="1260824958">583</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Museux, K.</author><author>Boretti, F. S.</author><author>Willi, B.</author><author>Riond, B.</author><author>Hoelzle, K.</author><author>Hoelzle, L. E.</author><author>Wittenbrink, M. M.</author><author>Tasker, S.</author><author>Wengi, N.</author><author>Reusch, C. E.</author><author>Lutz, H.</author><author>Hofmann-Lehmann, R.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="italic" font="default" size="100%">In vivo</style><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> transmission studies of '</style><style face="italic" font="default" size="100%">Candidatus</style><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> Mycoplasma turicensis' in the domestic cat</style></title><secondary-title>Veterinary Research</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Veterinary Research</full-title><abbr-1>Vet Res</abbr-1></periodical><pages>45</pages><volume>40</volume><number>5</number><dates><year>2009</year><pub-dates><date>Sep-Oct</date></pub-dates></dates><accession-num>19505421</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> (Print)
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</research-notes></record></Cite></EndNote>9. However, a recent study ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Lappin</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>739</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">8</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>739</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ddvwrvzeir2fd2exf0kxxf5mvar5xzwe9prz" timestamp="1418390649">739</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lappin, M.R.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feline haemoplasmas are not transmitted by </style><style face="italic" font="default" size="100%">Ctenocephalides felis</style></title><secondary-title>9th Symposium of the CVBD World Forum</secondary-title></titles><pages>44-46</pages><dates><year>2014</year></dates><pub-location>Lisbon, Portugal</pub-location><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>8 found evidence of horizontal transmission of ‘Ca. M. haemominutum’, but not M. haemofelis, by direct contact between cats in the absence of any apparent significant aggressive interaction and vectors. Blood transfusion is another potential route of transmission, and blood donors should be screened for hemoplasma infectionPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5QZW5uaXNpPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxNTwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5QZW5uaXNpPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxNTwvWWVhcj48
UmVjTnVtPjc1OTwvUmVjTnVtPjxEaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48c3R5bGUgZmFjZT0ic3VwZXJzY3JpcHQi
PjEwPC9zdHlsZT48L0Rpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+NzU5PC9yZWMtbnVt
YmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0iZGR2d3J2emVpcjJmZDJleGYw
a3h4ZjVtdmFyNXh6d2U5cHJ6IiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9IjE0NTc5MDEzOTAiPjc1OTwva2V5PjwvZm9y
ZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48
Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+UGVubmlzaSwgTS4gRy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0
aG9yPkhhcnRtYW5uLCBLLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+QWRkaWUsIEQuIEQuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1
dGhvcj5MdXR6LCBILjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+R3J1ZmZ5ZGQtSm9uZXMsIFQuPC9hdXRob3I+
PGF1dGhvcj5Cb3VjcmF1dC1CYXJhbG9uLCBDLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+RWdiZXJpbmssIEgu
PC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5GcnltdXMsIFQuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5Ib3J6aW5laywgTS4g
Qy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkhvc2llLCBNLiBKLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+TGxvcmV0LCBB
LjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+TWFyc2lsaW8sIEYuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5SYWRmb3JkLCBB
LiBELjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+VGhpcnksIEUuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5UcnV5ZW4sIFUu
PC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5Nb3N0bCwgSy48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRv
cnM+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+QkxPT0QgVFJBTlNGVVNJT04gSU4gQ0FUUyBBQkNEIGd1aWRlbGlu
ZXMgZm9yIG1pbmltaXNpbmcgcmlza3Mgb2YgaW5mZWN0aW91cyBpYXRyb2dlbmljIGNvbXBsaWNh
dGlvbnM8L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiBGZWxpbmUgTWVkaWNpbmUg
YW5kIFN1cmdlcnk8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48YWx0LXRpdGxlPkogRmVsaW5lIE1lZCBTdXJn
PC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PHBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiBG
ZWxpbmUgTWVkaWNpbmUgYW5kIFN1cmdlcnk8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5KIEZlbGluZSBN
ZWQgU3VyZzwvYWJici0xPjwvcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48YWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+
Sm91cm5hbCBvZiBGZWxpbmUgTWVkaWNpbmUgYW5kIFN1cmdlcnk8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnIt
MT5KIEZlbGluZSBNZWQgU3VyZzwvYWJici0xPjwvYWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PHBhZ2VzPjU4OC01
OTM8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+MTc8L3ZvbHVtZT48bnVtYmVyPjc8L251bWJlcj48a2V5d29yZHM+
PGtleXdvcmQ+Y2FuZGlkYXR1cy1teWNvcGxhc21hIGhhZW1vbWludXR1bTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5
d29yZD5ib3JuZSBkaXNlYXNlczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD51bml0ZWQtc3RhdGVzPC9rZXl3
b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPmZlbGluZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5wcmV2ZW50aW9uPC9rZXl3b3Jk
PjxrZXl3b3JkPm1hbmFnZW1lbnQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Y2FuaW5lPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPmJhcnRvbmVsbGE8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+cHJldmFsZW5jZTwva2V5d29yZD48
a2V5d29yZD5oYWVtb2ZlbGlzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMTU8
L3llYXI+PHB1Yi1kYXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5KdWw8L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNi
bj4xMDk4LTYxMng8L2lzYm4+PGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+V09TOjAwMDM1ODQ0MjcwMDAwNDwvYWNj
ZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+Jmx0O0dvIHRvIElTSSZndDs6Ly9X
T1M6MDAwMzU4NDQyNzAwMDA0PC91cmw+PHVybD5odHRwOi8vamZtLnNhZ2VwdWIuY29tL2NvbnRl
bnQvMTcvNy81ODguZnVsbC5wZGY8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM+PGVsZWN0cm9u
aWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjEwLjExNzcvMTA5ODYxMngxNTU4ODQ0OTwvZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNv
dXJjZS1udW0+PGxhbmd1YWdlPkVuZ2xpc2g8L2xhbmd1YWdlPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48L0Vu
ZE5vdGU+
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 10.PathogenesisMycoplasma haemofelis is the most pathogenic feline haemoplasma species as it can result in severe, sometimes fatal, haemolytic anaemia following acute infection in some cats, although others may develop only mild anaemia, so variability in outcome occurs. This may be due to host response differences or M. haemofelis strain variation, but disease can occur in immunocompetent. Chronic infection is usually not associated with significant anaemia and carrier cats exist which show no evidence of anaemia. In line with this, some epidemiological studies have not shown associations between anaemia and M. haemofelis infection, probably due to the inclusion of chronically M. haemofelis-infected asymptomatic cats. Although ‘Ca. M. haemominutum’ infection can cause erythrocyte parameters (e.g. red blood cell count, haemoglobin, haematocrit) to lower, anaemia is not commonly seen following infection unless the cat has concurrent problems e.g. immunosuppression or is undergoing chemotherapy. Many asymptomatic carrier cats of ‘Ca. M. haemominutum’ exist. ‘Ca. M. haemominutum’ has also been associated with the development of myeloproliferative disease in cats with FeLV infection in one experimental study ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>George</Author><Year>2002</Year><RecNum>407</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">11</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>407</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ddvwrvzeir2fd2exf0kxxf5mvar5xzwe9prz" timestamp="1260824957">407</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>George, J. W.</author><author>Rideout, B. A.</author><author>Griffey, S. M.</author><author>Pedersen, N. C.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.</auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of preexisting FeLV infection or FeLV and feline immunodeficiency virus coinfection on pathogenicity of the small variant of </style><style face="italic" font="default" size="100%">Haemobartonella felis</style><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> in cats</style></title><secondary-title>American Journal of Veterinary Research</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>American Journal of Veterinary Research</full-title><abbr-1>Am J Vet Res</abbr-1></periodical><pages>1172-1178</pages><volume>63</volume><number>8</number><dates><year>2002</year><pub-dates><date>Aug</date></pub-dates></dates><accession-num>12171173</accession-num><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>11. However cases of anaemia have been reported in which only ‘Ca. M. haemominutum’ infection was diagnosed and so it appears that in some cases ‘Ca. M. haemominutum’ can cause anaemia in the absence of concurrent diseases ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Weingart</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>748</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">12</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>748</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ddvwrvzeir2fd2exf0kxxf5mvar5xzwe9prz" timestamp="1425645871">748</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Weingart, C.</author><author>Tasker, S.</author><author>Kohn, B.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Clinic for Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
School of Veterinary Sciences and The Feline Centre, Langford Veterinary Services, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Clinic for Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany kohn@vetmed.fu-berlin.de.</auth-address><titles><title>Infection with haemoplasma species in 22 cats with anaemia</title><secondary-title>J Feline Med Surg</secondary-title><alt-title>Journal of feline medicine and surgery</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery</full-title><abbr-1>J Feline Med Surg</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery</full-title><abbr-1>J Feline Med Surg</abbr-1></alt-periodical><dates><year>2015</year><pub-dates><date>Mar 3</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1532-2750 (Electronic)
1098-612X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>25736447</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. ‘Ca. M. turicensis’ infection has caused anaemia or a small lowering in erythrocyte parameters in some experimental studies, but generally anaemia is uncommon. Concurrent disease and immunosuppression are both thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of ‘Ca. M. turicensis’ disease, similar to ‘Ca. M. haemominutum’. Determining the pathogenicity of ‘Ca. M. haemominutum’ and ‘Ca. M. turicensis’ in naturally infected cats can been difficult as cats are often co-infected with other haemoplasma species, confounding disease associations. Carrier cats often have subclinical infections, but reactivation of infection can occur and may result in clinical disease ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Weingart</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>748</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">12</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>748</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ddvwrvzeir2fd2exf0kxxf5mvar5xzwe9prz" timestamp="1425645871">748</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Weingart, C.</author><author>Tasker, S.</author><author>Kohn, B.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Clinic for Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
School of Veterinary Sciences and The Feline Centre, Langford Veterinary Services, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Clinic for Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany kohn@vetmed.fu-berlin.de.</auth-address><titles><title>Infection with haemoplasma species in 22 cats with anaemia</title><secondary-title>J Feline Med Surg</secondary-title><alt-title>Journal of feline medicine and surgery</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery</full-title><abbr-1>J Feline Med Surg</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery</full-title><abbr-1>J Feline Med Surg</abbr-1></alt-periodical><dates><year>2015</year><pub-dates><date>Mar 3</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1532-2750 (Electronic)
1098-612X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>25736447</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. This may occur when the cat has failed to eliminate infection as a recent study found that cats that had previously recovered from M. haemofelis infection were protected from homologous re-challenge with M. haemofelis, confirming the presence of protective immunityPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5IaWNrczwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTQ8L1llYXI+PFJl
Y051bT43MzQ8L1JlY051bT48RGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHN0eWxlIGZhY2U9InN1cGVyc2NyaXB0Ij4x
Mzwvc3R5bGU+PC9EaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjczNDwvcmVjLW51bWJl
cj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9ImRkdndydnplaXIyZmQyZXhmMGt4
eGY1bXZhcjV4endlOXByeiIgdGltZXN0YW1wPSIxNDE4MTI3NzA0Ij43MzQ8L2tleT48L2ZvcmVp
Z24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU+PGNv
bnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPkhpY2tzLCBDLiBBLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+
V2lsbGksIEIuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5SaW9uZCwgQi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPk5vdmFj
Y28sIE0uPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5NZWxpLCBNLiBMLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+U3Rva2Vz
LCBDLiBSLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+SGVscHMsIEMuIFIuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5Ib2Zt
YW5uLUxlaG1hbm4sIFIuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5UYXNrZXIsIFMuPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRo
b3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+U2Nob29sIG9mIFZldGVyaW5hcnkgU2Np
ZW5jZXMsIFVuaXZlcnNpdHkgb2YgQnJpc3RvbCwgTGFuZ2ZvcmQgSG91c2UsIEJyaXN0b2wsIEJT
NDAgNURVLCBVbml0ZWQgS2luZ2RvbS4mI3hEO0NsaW5pY2FsIExhYm9yYXRvcnkgQ2xpbmljIGZv
ciBTbWFsbCBBbmltYWwgSW50ZXJuYWwgTWVkaWNpbmUuJiN4RDtDbGluaWNhbCBMYWJvcmF0b3J5
LiYjeEQ7Q2xpbmljYWwgTGFib3JhdG9yeSBDZW50ZXIgZm9yIENsaW5pY2FsIFN0dWRpZXMsIFZl
dHN1aXNzZSBGYWNpbGl0eSwgVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBadXJpY2gsIFdpbnRlcnRodXJlcnN0cmFz
c2UgMjYwLCBadXJpY2gsIDgwNTcsIFN3aXR6ZXJsYW5kLiYjeEQ7U2Nob29sIG9mIFZldGVyaW5h
cnkgU2NpZW5jZXMsIFVuaXZlcnNpdHkgb2YgQnJpc3RvbCwgTGFuZ2ZvcmQgSG91c2UsIEJyaXN0
b2wsIEJTNDAgNURVLCBVbml0ZWQgS2luZ2RvbSBTLlRhc2tlckBicmlzdG9sLmFjLnVrLjwvYXV0
aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPjxzdHlsZSBmYWNlPSJub3JtYWwiIGZvbnQ9ImRlZmF1
bHQiIHNpemU9IjEwMCUiPlByb3RlY3RpdmUgaW1tdW5pdHkgYWdhaW5zdCBpbmZlY3Rpb24gd2l0
aCA8L3N0eWxlPjxzdHlsZSBmYWNlPSJpdGFsaWMiIGZvbnQ9ImRlZmF1bHQiIHNpemU9IjEwMCUi
Pk15Y29wbGFzbWEgaGFlbW9mZWxpczwvc3R5bGU+PC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPkNs
aW4gVmFjY2luZSBJbW11bm9sPC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5DbGluaWNhbCBh
bmQgdmFjY2luZSBpbW11bm9sb2d5IDogQ1ZJPC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PHBlcmlvZGlj
YWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+Q2xpbmljYWwgYW5kIFZhY2NpbmUgSW1tdW5vbG9neTwvZnVsbC10aXRs
ZT48YWJici0xPkNsaW4gVmFjY2luZSBJbW11bm9sPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxwYWdl
cz4xMDgtMTE4PC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjIyPC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj4xPC9udW1iZXI+PGRh
dGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMTQ8L3llYXI+PHB1Yi1kYXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5Ob3YgMTk8L2RhdGU+PC9wdWIt
ZGF0ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4xNTU2LTY3OVggKEVsZWN0cm9uaWMpJiN4RDsxNTU2LTY3OVgg
KExpbmtpbmcpPC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjI1NDEwMjA2PC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1
cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRwOi8vd3d3Lm5jYmkubmxtLm5paC5nb3YvcHVibWVk
LzI1NDEwMjA2PC91cmw+PHVybD5odHRwOi8vY3ZpLmFzbS5vcmcvY29udGVudC8yMi8xLzEwOC5m
dWxsLnBkZjwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1u
dW0+MTAuMTEyOC9DVkkuMDA1ODEtMTQ8L2VsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjwvcmVjb3Jk
PjwvQ2l0ZT48L0VuZE5vdGU+
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5IaWNrczwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTQ8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 13, possibly in those that have previously eliminated infection. However another study found that cats that had recovered from previous ‘Ca. M. turicensis’ infection actually showed more severe and rapid M. haemofelis infection signs than na?ve cats infected with M. haemofelis HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_14" \o "Baumann, 2015 #760" PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CYXVtYW5uPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxNTwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CYXVtYW5uPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxNTwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 14. Thus more research is required into the relationship between infection with different haemoplasma species and its pathogenesis and immunity.Clinical presentationCommon clinical signs associated with pathogenic hemoplasma infections are lethargy, weakness, reduced appetite, dehydration, weight loss and intermittent pyrexia. Pallor, associated with anaemia, is also reported. Splenomegaly may be evident in some cats. Severe anemia may result in tachycardia, tachypnoea and weak or bounding femoral pulses with haemic cardiac murmurs. Icterus is uncommon despite the haemolytic nature of the anaemia. DiagnosisPathogenic hemoplasma infections typically cause a regenerative macrocytic hypochromic anemia although pronounced reticulocytosis is not always evident ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Kewish</Author><Year>2004</Year><RecNum>476</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">15</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>476</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ddvwrvzeir2fd2exf0kxxf5mvar5xzwe9prz" timestamp="1260824958">476</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kewish, K. E.</author><author>Appleyard, G. D.</author><author>Myers, S. L.</author><author>Kidney, B. A.</author><author>Jackson, M. L.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4.</auth-address><titles><title><style face="italic" font="default" size="100%">Mycoplasma haemofelis</style><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> and</style><style face="italic" font="default" size="100%"> Mycoplasma haemominutum</style><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> detection by polymerase chain reaction in cats from Saskatchewan and Alberta</style></title><secondary-title>Canadian Veterinary Journal</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Canadian Veterinary Journal</full-title><abbr-1>Can Vet J</abbr-1></periodical><pages>749-752</pages><volume>45</volume><number>9</number><dates><year>2004</year><pub-dates><date>Sep</date></pub-dates></dates><accession-num>15510683</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. Normoblasts may be present. White blood cell changes may also occur including leukopenia, lymphopenia, eosinopenia and monocytosis. Positive Coombs’ test results can occur, particularly with cold agglutinins, and persistent autoagglutination has been reported in acute haemoplasmosis, indicating the presence of erythrocyte-bound antibodies. However, in experimental studies ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Tasker</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>574</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">16</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>574</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ddvwrvzeir2fd2exf0kxxf5mvar5xzwe9prz" timestamp="1260824958">574</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Tasker, S.</author><author>Peters, I. R.</author><author>Papasouliotis, K.</author><author>Cue, S. M.</author><author>Willi, B.</author><author>Hofmann-Lehmann, R.</author><author>Gruffydd-Jones, T. J.</author><author>Knowles, T. G.</author><author>Day, M. J.</author><author>Helps, C. R.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Description of outcomes of experimental infection with feline haemoplasmas: copy numbers, haematology, Coombs' testing and blood glucose concentrations</title><secondary-title>Veterinary Microbiology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Veterinary Microbiology</full-title><abbr-1>Vet Microbiol</abbr-1></periodical><pages>323-32</pages><volume>139</volume><number>3-4</number><dates><year>2009</year></dates><urls><related-urls><url> these antibodies appear after the development of anaemia; the absence of erythrocyte-bound antibodies at the onset of development of anaemia could be due to reduced sensitivity for their detection or because erythrocyte-bound antibodies appear as a result of haemoplasma-induced haemolysis rather than mediating it. Indeed erythrocyte-bound antibodies disappear with antibiotic and supportive treatment alone, without glucocorticoid treatment. Hyperbilirubinemia is seen occasionally, due to hemolysis, and hypoxic liver damage may result in increased activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT). A polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia is also sometimes seen.Cytology of blood smears, stained with Romanowsky type stains, may reveal haemoplasmas on the surface of erythrocyte but this is known to be very insensitive for diagnosis, and cytology cannot easily differentiate haemoplasma species. The untrained eye may also fail to distinguish stain precipitate and Howell-Jolly bodies from haemoplasmas.As haemoplasmas do not grow on bacteriological media, in vitro.culture is not currently possible.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays are now the diagnostic method of choice for haemoplasma infection. PCR is far more sensitive and specific than cytology. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays allow quantification of haemoplasma DNA in the sample being analysed, allowing monitoring of response to treatment. It is known that M. haemofelis blood organism numbers can fluctuate markedly in some cats for several months following infection; the reason for this is not known but may be related to antigenic variation. No evidence of significant tissue sequestration of M. haemofelis, to explain reduced blood organism numbers, has been found ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Tasker</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>575</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">17</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>575</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ddvwrvzeir2fd2exf0kxxf5mvar5xzwe9prz" timestamp="1260824958">575</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Tasker, S.</author><author>Peters, I. R.</author><author>Day, M. J.</author><author>Willi, B.</author><author>Hofmann-Lehmann, R.</author><author>Gruffydd-Jones, T. J.</author><author>Helps, C. R.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Distribution of feline haemoplasmas in blood and tissue following experimental infection</title><secondary-title>Microbial Pathogenesis</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Microbial Pathogenesis</full-title></periodical><pages>334–340</pages><volume>47</volume><dates><year>2009</year><pub-dates><date>Sep 23</date></pub-dates></dates><accession-num>19782126</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. This is in contrast to ‘Ca. M. turicensis’, in which evidence of tissue sequestration was found in PCR negative catsPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Ob3ZhY2NvPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMzwvWWVhcj48
UmVjTnVtPjc2MTwvUmVjTnVtPjxEaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48c3R5bGUgZmFjZT0ic3VwZXJzY3JpcHQi
PjE4PC9zdHlsZT48L0Rpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+NzYxPC9yZWMtbnVt
YmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0iZGR2d3J2emVpcjJmZDJleGYw
a3h4ZjVtdmFyNXh6d2U5cHJ6IiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9IjE0NTc5MDM1NzUiPjc2MTwva2V5PjwvZm9y
ZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48
Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+Tm92YWNjbywgTS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9y
PlJpb25kLCBCLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+TWVsaSwgTS4gTC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkdy
ZXN0LCBQLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+SG9mbWFubi1MZWhtYW5uLCBSLjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0
aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPkNsaW5pY2FsIExhYm9yYXRvcnksIFZl
dHN1aXNzZSBGYWN1bHR5LCBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIFp1cmljaCwgV2ludGVydGh1cmVyc3RyYXNz
ZSAyNjAsIDgwNTcgWnVyaWNoLCBTd2l0emVybGFuZC4gRWxlY3Ryb25pYyBhZGRyZXNzOiBtbm92
YWNjb0B2ZXRjbGluaWNzLnV6aC5jaC48L2F1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5UaXNz
dWUgc2VxdWVzdHJhdGlvbiBvZiAmYXBvcztDYW5kaWRhdHVzIE15Y29wbGFzbWEgdHVyaWNlbnNp
cyZhcG9zOzwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5WZXQgTWljcm9iaW9sPC9zZWNvbmRhcnkt
dGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PHBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+VmV0ZWluYXJ5IE1pY3JvYmlv
bG9neTwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPlZldCBNaWNyb2Jpb2w8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGlj
YWw+PHBhZ2VzPjQwMy05PC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjE2Nzwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+My00PC9u
dW1iZXI+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFuaW1hbHM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QW50aWJv
ZGllcywgQmFjdGVyaWFsL2Jsb29kPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkJhY3RlcmlhbCBMb2FkPC9r
ZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNhdCBEaXNlYXNlcy9kaWFnbm9zaXMvKmltbXVub2xvZ3kvcGF0aG9s
b2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNhdHM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RW56eW1lLUxpbmtl
ZCBJbW11bm9zb3JiZW50IEFzc2F5L3ZldGVyaW5hcnk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SW1tdW5p
dHksIEh1bW9yYWwvaW1tdW5vbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NeWNvcGxhc21hL2dlbmV0
aWNzLyppbW11bm9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk15Y29wbGFzbWEgSW5mZWN0aW9ucy9k
aWFnbm9zaXMvaW1tdW5vbG9neS9wYXRob2xvZ3kvKnZldGVyaW5hcnk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+UG9seW1lcmFzZSBDaGFpbiBSZWFjdGlvbi92ZXRlcmluYXJ5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3Jk
PlNwZWNpZmljIFBhdGhvZ2VuLUZyZWUgT3JnYW5pc21zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlRpbWU8
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Qmxvb2QgYW5kIHRpc3N1ZSBsb2Fkczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29y
ZD5IZW1vdHJvcGljIG15Y29wbGFzbWFzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlNlcm9sb2d5PC9rZXl3
b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMTM8L3llYXI+PHB1Yi1kYXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5E
ZWMgMjc8L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4xODczLTI1NDIgKEVsZWN0cm9u
aWMpJiN4RDswMzc4LTExMzUgKExpbmtpbmcpPC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjIzOTk4NDI4
PC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRwOi8vd3d3Lm5jYmku
bmxtLm5paC5nb3YvcHVibWVkLzIzOTk4NDI4PC91cmw+PHVybD5odHRwOi8vYWMuZWxzLWNkbi5j
b20vUzAzNzgxMTM1MTMwMDM4MTcvMS1zMi4wLVMwMzc4MTEzNTEzMDAzODE3LW1haW4ucGRmP190
aWQ9ZDU3MGE5MTQtZWI3ZS0xMWU1LWI5YTUtMDAwMDBhYWNiMzVlJmFtcDthY2RuYXQ9MTQ1ODEz
Njc0OF8wZTAwZmFkODBhOTYxMWIyZjEzMWM3NGExMzFiMmZiNzwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxz
PjwvdXJscz48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAuMTAxNi9qLnZldG1pYy4yMDEzLjA3
LjAxOTwvZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjwvRW5kTm90ZT4A
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Ob3ZhY2NvPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMzwvWWVhcj48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 EN.CITE.DATA 18. Haemoplasma serological tests have been difficult to develop due to our inability to culture haemoplasmas in vitro preventing the easy acquisition of significant amounts of haemoplasma proteins for use in serological assays. Serological assays are currently only available for use in experimental studies. These serological assays, based on a M. haemofelis dnaK protein, have suggested that antibody levels may differentiate between acute and chronic infection with M. haemofelis HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_19" \o "Barker, 2010 #664" PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CYXJrZXI8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEwPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CYXJrZXI8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEwPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 19 and have been more sensitive than PCR in detecting haemoplasma exposure (as PCR negative seropositive cats have been identified) ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Novacco</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>685</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">20</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>685</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ddvwrvzeir2fd2exf0kxxf5mvar5xzwe9prz" timestamp="1326659527">685</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Novacco, M.</author><author>Boretti, F. S.</author><author>Wolf-Jackel, G. A.</author><author>Riond, B.</author><author>Meli, M. L.</author><author>Willi, B.</author><author>Lutz, H.</author><author>Hofmann-Lehmann, R.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland. mnovacco@vetclinics.uzh.ch.</auth-address><titles><title>Chronic "Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis" infection</title><secondary-title>Veterinary Research</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Veterinary Research</full-title><abbr-1>Vet Res</abbr-1></periodical><pages>59</pages><volume>42</volume><number>1</number><edition>2011/04/22</edition><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Jan-Feb</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0928-4249 (Print)
0928-4249 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>21507220</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> [pii]
10.1186/1297-9716-42-59</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>20, but these assays are not appropriate for use in field cats due to cross-reactivity.TreatmentHaemoplasmosis generally has a good prognosis if prompt appropriate treatment is instigated. However, as haemoplasmas lack a cell wall around their cell membrane, ?-lactams (e.g. penicillins, cephalosporins) are not effective in treatment. Tetracyclines (primarily doxycycline) and fluoroquinolones (e.g. marbofloxacin, pradofloxacin) are effective for the treatment of haemoplasmosis. The majority of studies have evaluated the response of M. haemofelis only to treatment. Doxycycline (10 mg/kg SID PO or 5 mg/kg BID PO) is often used as a 1st line treatment, typically for 3 weeks although longer treatment courses are recommended by some to increase the chance of eliminating infection, although longer antibiotic treatment courses have not been evaluated for the clearance of infection. One studyPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Eb3dlcnM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA5PC9ZZWFyPjxS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==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Eb3dlcnM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA5PC9ZZWFyPjxS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==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 21 suggested that pradofloxacin (at two doses; both the standard 5 mg/kg daily PO, as well as a higher dose of 10 mg/kg daily PO) may be more effective at clearing M. haemofelis than doxycycline. Sometimes dual ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Tasker</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>629</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">22</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>629</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ddvwrvzeir2fd2exf0kxxf5mvar5xzwe9prz" timestamp="1269444933">629</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Tasker, Séverine</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Haemotropic mycoplasmas: what's the real significance in cats?</title><secondary-title>Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery</full-title><abbr-1>J Feline Med Surg</abbr-1></periodical><pages>369-381</pages><volume>12</volume><number>5</number><dates><year>2010</year></dates><urls><related-urls><url> or sequential therapy with doxycycline and a fluroquinolone can be helpful. It has been found that ‘Ca. M. haemominutum’ infection does not necessary respond to antibiotics similarly to M. haemofelis; in one study ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Tasker</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>477</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">23</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>477</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ddvwrvzeir2fd2exf0kxxf5mvar5xzwe9prz" timestamp="1260824958">477</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Tasker, S. </author><author>Caney, S.M.A.</author><author>Day, M.J.</author><author>Dean, R.S.</author><author>Helps, C.R.</author><author>Knowles, T.G.</author><author>Lait, P.J.P.</author><author>Pinches, M.D.G.</author><author>Gruffydd-Jones, T.J.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>School of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, United Kingdom.</auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of chronic FIV infection, and efficacy of marbofloxacin treatment, on '</style><style face="italic" font="default" size="100%">Candidatus</style><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> Mycoplasma haemominutum' infection</style></title><secondary-title>Microbes and Infection</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Microbes and Infection</full-title><abbr-1>Microbes Infect</abbr-1></periodical><pages>653-661</pages><volume>8</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>2006</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><accession-num>16483821</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> ‘Ca. M. haemominutum’ organism numbers in the blood only temporarily fell during marbofloxacin (2 mg/kg SID PO) treatment, with organism numbers re-increasing to pre-treatment levels following completion of a 4 weeks course of treatment. The response of ‘Ca. M. turicensis’ to antibiotic treatment has not been fully evaluated but doxycycline can be effective ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Museux</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>583</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">9</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>583</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ddvwrvzeir2fd2exf0kxxf5mvar5xzwe9prz" timestamp="1260824958">583</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Museux, K.</author><author>Boretti, F. S.</author><author>Willi, B.</author><author>Riond, B.</author><author>Hoelzle, K.</author><author>Hoelzle, L. E.</author><author>Wittenbrink, M. M.</author><author>Tasker, S.</author><author>Wengi, N.</author><author>Reusch, C. E.</author><author>Lutz, H.</author><author>Hofmann-Lehmann, R.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="italic" font="default" size="100%">In vivo</style><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> transmission studies of '</style><style face="italic" font="default" size="100%">Candidatus</style><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> Mycoplasma turicensis' in the domestic cat</style></title><secondary-title>Veterinary Research</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Veterinary Research</full-title><abbr-1>Vet Res</abbr-1></periodical><pages>45</pages><volume>40</volume><number>5</number><dates><year>2009</year><pub-dates><date>Sep-Oct</date></pub-dates></dates><accession-num>19505421</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> (Print)
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</research-notes></record></Cite></EndNote>9.Corticosteroids have been recommended as adjunct treatment for any immune-mediated component of haemoplasma-associated anaemia, although cats usually recover without any need for corticosteroid treatment, as antibiotic and supportive care alone is usually adequate. Supportive care can be important; correction of dehydration with fluid therapy, and blood transfusion if the anaemia is severe.Prevention Blood donors should be screened for hemoplasma infection by PCR in order to prevent inadvertent transmission by blood transfusion from asymptomatic carrier cats. There are no vaccines against feline haemoplasmosis. Keeping cats indoors is also likely to prevent infection (but may be impractical) as outdoor status has been identified as a risk factor. Although vector transmission has not been proven, preventative flea and tick treatment is probably wise to help prevent infection in case vectors are involved. Zoonotic infectionsHaemoplasma infections with novel hemoplasma species have been described in humansPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NYWdnaTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTM8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NYWdnaTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTM8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 24, 25, as well as with species that have possibly originated in animals, including the cat ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Santos</Author><Year>2008</Year><RecNum>580</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">26</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>580</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="ddvwrvzeir2fd2exf0kxxf5mvar5xzwe9prz" timestamp="1260824958">580</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Santos, A. P.</author><author>Santos, R. P.</author><author>Biondo, A. W.</author><author>Dora, J. M.</author><author>Goldani, L. Z.</author><author>de Oliveira, S. T.</author><author>de Sa Guimaraes, A. M.</author><author>Timenetsky, J.</author><author>de Morais, H. A.</author><author>Gonzalez, F. H.</author><author>Messick, J. B.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. santos1@purdue.edu</auth-address><titles><title>Hemoplasma infection in HIV-positive patient, Brazil</title><secondary-title>Emerging Infectious Diseases</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Emerging Infectious Diseases</full-title><abbr-1>Emerg Infect Dis</abbr-1></periodical><pages>1922-1924</pages><volume>14</volume><number>12</number><dates><year>2008</year><pub-dates><date>Dec</date></pub-dates></dates><accession-num>19046522</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>, raising the possibility of zoonotic infections. Key PointsMycoplasma haemofelis is the most pathogenic of the three feline haemoplasma species‘Ca. M. haemominutum’ and ‘Ca. M. turicensis’ infections are less pathogenic but can result in disease in immunocompromised cats Male non-pedigree cats with outdoor access are more likely to be haemoplasma infected‘Ca. M. haemominutum’ is more common in older catsThe natural mode of transmission of haemoplasma infection is not known; aggressive interactions and vectors are possibilities.Transmission by blood transfusion is possible and all blood donors should be screen for haemoplasma infectionPolymerase chain reaction assays are the preferred diagnostic method for haemoplasma infectionsAsymptomatic carrier cats exist for all feline haemoplasma speciesTreatment with doxycycline for 3 weeks is usually effective for M. haemofelis-associated clinical disease (but this may not clear infection)Little information is currently available on the antibiotic responsiveness of ‘Ca. M. haemominutum’ and ‘Ca. M. turicensis’References ADDIN EN.REFLIST 1.Hicks CA, Barker EN, Brady C, Stokes CR, Helps CR and Tasker S. Non-ribosomal phylogenetic exploration of Mollicute species: new insights into haemoplasma taxonomy. Infect Genet Evol. 2014; 23: 99-105.2.Gentilini F, Novacco M, Turba ME, Willi B, Bacci ML and Hofmann-Lehmann R. Use of combined conventional and real-time PCR to determine the epidemiology of feline haemoplasma infections in northern Italy. J Feline Med Surg. 2009; 11: 277-85.3.Macieira DB, de Menezes RD, Damico CB, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for hemoplasmas in domestic cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus and/or feline leukemia virus in Rio de Janeiro - Brazil. J Feline Med Surg. 2008; 10: 120-9.4.Willi B, Boretti FS, Baumgartner C, et al. Prevalence, risk factor analysis, and follow-up of infections caused by three feline hemoplasma species in cats in Switzerland. J Clin Microbiol. 2006; 44: 961-9.5.Carver S, Beatty JA, Troyer RM, et al. Closing the gap on causal processes of infection risk from cross-sectional data: structural equation models to understand infection and co-infection. Parasit Vectors. 2015; 8: 658.6.Sykes JE, Drazenovich NL, Ball LM and Leutenegger CM. Use of conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction to determine the epidemiology of hemoplasma infections in anemic and nonanemic cats. J Vet Intern Med. 2007; 21: 685-93.7.Woods JE, Brewer MM, Hawley JR, Wisnewski N and Lappin MR. Evaluation of experimental transmission of 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum' and Mycoplasma haemofelis by Ctenocephalides felis to cats. Am J Vet Res. 2005; 66: 1008-12.8.Lappin MR. Feline haemoplasmas are not transmitted by Ctenocephalides felis. 9th Symposium of the CVBD World Forum. Lisbon, Portugal2014, p. 44-6.9.Museux K, Boretti FS, Willi B, et al. In vivo transmission studies of 'Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis' in the domestic cat. Vet Res. 2009; 40: 45.10.Pennisi MG, Hartmann K, Addie DD, et al. BLOOD TRANSFUSION IN CATS ABCD guidelines for minimising risks of infectious iatrogenic complications. J Feline Med Surg. 2015; 17: 588-93.11.George JW, Rideout BA, Griffey SM and Pedersen NC. Effect of preexisting FeLV infection or FeLV and feline immunodeficiency virus coinfection on pathogenicity of the small variant of Haemobartonella felis in cats. Am J Vet Res. 2002; 63: 1172-8.12.Weingart C, Tasker S and Kohn B. Infection with haemoplasma species in 22 cats with anaemia. J Feline Med Surg. 2015. 13.Hicks CA, Willi B, Riond B, et al. Protective immunity against infection with Mycoplasma haemofelis. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2014; 22: 108-18.14.Baumann J, Novacco M, Willi B, et al. Lack of cross-protection against Mycoplasma haemofelis infection and signs of enhancement in "Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis"-recovered cats. Vet Res. 2015; 46: 104.15.Kewish KE, Appleyard GD, Myers SL, Kidney BA and Jackson ML. Mycoplasma haemofelis and Mycoplasma haemominutum detection by polymerase chain reaction in cats from Saskatchewan and Alberta. Can Vet J. 2004; 45: 749-52.16.Tasker S, Peters IR, Papasouliotis K, et al. Description of outcomes of experimental infection with feline haemoplasmas: copy numbers, haematology, Coombs' testing and blood glucose concentrations. Vet Microbiol. 2009; 139: 323-32.17.Tasker S, Peters IR, Day MJ, et al. Distribution of feline haemoplasmas in blood and tissue following experimental infection. Microbial Pathogenesis. 2009; 47: 334–40.18.Novacco M, Riond B, Meli ML, Grest P and Hofmann-Lehmann R. Tissue sequestration of 'Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis'. Vet Microbiol. 2013; 167: 403-9.19.Barker EN, Helps CR, Heesom KJ, et al. Detection of humoral response using a recombinant heat shock protein 70, DnaK, of Mycoplasma haemofelis in experimentally and naturally hemoplasma-infected cats. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2010; 17: 1926-32.20.Novacco M, Boretti FS, Wolf-Jackel GA, et al. Chronic "Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis" infection. Vet Res. 2011; 42: 59.21.Dowers KL, Tasker S, Radecki SV and Lappin MR. Use of pradofloxacin to treat experimentally induced Mycoplasma hemofelis infection in cats. Am J Vet Res. 2009; 70: 105-11.22.Tasker S. Haemotropic mycoplasmas: what's the real significance in cats? J Feline Med Surg. 2010; 12: 369-81.23.Tasker S, Caney SMA, Day MJ, et al. Effect of chronic FIV infection, and efficacy of marbofloxacin treatment, on 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum' infection. Microbes Infect. 2006; 8: 653-61.24.Maggi RG, Compton SM, Trull CL, Mascarelli PE, Mozayeni BR and Breitschwerdt EB. Infection with Hemotropic Mycoplasma Species in Patients with or without Extensive Arthropod or Animal Contact. J Clin Microbiol. 2013; 51: 3237-41.25.Steer JA, Tasker S, Barker EN, et al. A novel hemotropic Mycoplasma (hemoplasma) in a patient with hemolytic anemia and pyrexia. Clin Infect Dis. 2011; 53: e147-51.26.Santos AP, Santos RP, Biondo AW, et al. Hemoplasma infection in HIV-positive patient, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008; 14: 1922-4. ................
................
In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.
To fulfill the demand for quickly locating and searching documents.
It is intelligent file search solution for home and business.
Related searches
- web site make
- create web site for free
- feline hyperthyroidism and kidney disease
- infectious gastroenteritis and colitis unspecified
- plug and play web cam
- copy and paste web link
- feline diseases and symptoms guide
- feline leukemia symptoms and progression
- web site certificates expires
- plug and play web camera
- web site designer
- infectious gastroenteritis and colitis icd 10 code