Electronic Fetal Monitoring - Tutorials
EFM Categories from Intrapartum Fetal Heart Rate Monitorin, Obstetrics & Gynecology. VOL. 114, NO. 1, JULY 2009
|Category |Description |Action |
| | |Normal tracing |
| |• Baseline rate: 110–160 beats per minute | |
|I |• Baseline FHR variability: moderate |Predicts normal fetal acid-base, continue routine monitoring, no |
| |• Late or variable decelerations: absent |specific action required |
| |• Early decelerations: present or absent | |
| |• Accelerations: present or absent | |
| |FHR tracings include any of the following: |Indeteriminate tracing |
| |Baseline rate | |
| |• Bradycardia not accompanied by absent baseline variability |Don’t predict abnormal acid-base but require continued monitoring and |
|II |• Tachycardia |reevaluation with respect to clinical conditions. |
| |Baseline FHR variability | |
| |• Minimal baseline variability |Ancillary tests of fetal well being or resuscitative measures may be |
| |• Absent baseline variability with no recurrent decelerations |used. |
| |• Marked baseline variability | |
| |Accelerations | |
| |• Absence of induced accelerations after fetal stimulation | |
| |Periodic or episodic decelerations | |
| |• Recurrent variables w/ minimal or moderate baseline variability | |
| |• Prolonged deceleration more than 2 minutes but less than10 minutes | |
| |• Recurrent late decelerations with moderate baseline variability | |
| |• Variables with: slow return to baseline, overshoots, or “shoulders,” | |
| |FHR tracings include either |Abnormal tracing |
| |Absent baseline FHR variability and any of the following: | |
|III |Recurrent late decelerations |Associated with abnormal fetal acid–base status. |
| |Recurrent variable decelerations | |
| |Bradycardia |Prompt evlautaion and treatment indicated, including oxygen, position |
| |Sinusoidal pattern |change, stopping labor stimulation, treat maternal hypotendion, and |
| | |treatment of tachysystole with FHR changes. |
| | | |
| | |Move to deliver if tracing does not improve. |
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