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AP PsychologyName:_________________________________Unit 2Research Designs WorksheetFor each of the following examples of psychological questions, choose which design would be the most appropriate to use in research and explain why.A psychologist wants to identify how the holiday season impacts the anxiety levels of Americans. She wants to get results on the feelings of anxiety from over one million Americans in the next month. What design should she use and why?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________A psychologist is interested in identifying the relationship between coffee and intelligence, but is not interested in identifying causation. What type of research method should the psychologist use and why?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________A psychologist has heard on the news that a child was found in a remote location with no ability to speak any language or communicate through gestures. As such, the little boy may have no concept of civilization or social skills. The psychologist wants to study this child to see what advances may be made from studying what can happen to a child with no formal upbringing. What design should he use and why?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________A psychologist is interested in learning how aggression is impacted when people are in prison. She understands that she cannot set up her own lab experiment due to ethical reasons, but still thinks that the study of aggression in locations of confinement could add knowledge to the field of psychology. What design should she use and why?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A psychologist is interested in studying how smartphones will impact the general knowledge base and social skills of children born between 1990-1995. She wants to study 100 kids in this age group who have owned a smartphone since 2010. She hopes to continue this study over the next 50 years.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Review: Correlational vs. Experimental ResearchCorrelational methods involve studying behaviors as they are. These approaches involve careful observation, measurement, and interpretation of behaviors to uncover relationship among the factors that influence behavior. Correlational methods can be employed in case studies, surveys, and naturalistic observation.Experimental methods involve procedures that manipulate the conditions surrounding the behavior being studied. In effect, the experimenter interferes with normal behavior to narrow down the causes of behavior. By establishing equivalent conditions and systematically varying a specific factor, the experimenter determines the impact of that factor. This is the chief advantage of experimentation; experimental methods allow us to determine cause-effect relationships in a way that correlational methods cannot.A participant's agreement to take part in a study after being told what to expect is known as _____.participant observerplacebo effectinformed consentdebriefingIn ______ research, a researcher observes or measures (without manipulating) two or more variables to find relationships between them, without inferring a causal relationship.experimental correlational basic applied A number that indicates the degree and direction of the relationship between variables is called a/an _____.inferenceinferential statisticcorrelation coefficientquasi-correlation Replication increases scientific confidence in a theory if the ______.citations are accurateresults are similarstatistics are accuratestatistics are significant_____ research observes and records behaviors without manipulating variables or producing cause and effect explanations.DescriptiveEmpiricalIndependentDependentThe first step in the scientific method is ________ .developing a theoryforming a testable hypothesisdesigning a studyreviewing the literature of existing theoriesA researcher decides to study how students in a classroom respond to positive feedback from their teacher by watching them via a two-way mirror. This method of unobtrusive viewing of behavior in its usual setting is referred to as:A longitudinal studyA case studyAn experimentRemote viewingNaturalistic observation Psychologists generally prefer the experimental method to other research methods becauseExperiments are more likely to support psychologists’ hypotheses.Experiments can show cause-effect relationshipIt is easier to obtain a random sample for an experimentDouble-blind designs are unnecessary in an experimentExperiments are more likely to result in statistically significant findings. Jen collects survey data that indicates that students who spend more time preparing for the AP test tend to score better than other students. Jen can now conclude thatStudying improves exam grades.A relationship exists between studying and exam grades.A significant correlation exists between studying and exam grades.Anyone who does not study will do poorly on the exam.Better students tend to study more. ................
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