Digestive System - DS



Digestive System - DS

1. What is digestion?

2. What is the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion?

3. What are the 2 parts of the DS?

4. What are the 4 layers of the AC?

5. What 3 things make the mucosal layer?

6. What does the mucosa encircle?

7. What are the 3 functions of the mucosa?

8. What is the structure of the submucosa?

9. What is its 2 functions?

10. How many layers of muscle does the muscle layer have?

11. What is another name for the serosa layer?

12. What are its 3 functions?

13. Which layer does food rub against?

14. Which layer is the one you touched first when dissecting?

15. What are the 2 kinds of movements the AC performs?

16. How does the mixing movement occur?

17. How does the propelling movement occur?

18. What is another name for the propelling movement?

19. Which DS organ is the first to come in contact with your food?

20. Which DS organ is the last to come in contact with your food?

21. How does the mouth perform mechanical digestion?

22. What is the DS function of your cheeks?

23. What tissue type comprised your tongue?

24. What are the 2 DS functions of your tongue?

25. What are the 2 DS functions of your palate?

26. What is the longest part of your DS? How long is it?

27. Put the following structures in order from when food first comes in to leaving

Epiglottis (EP) Esophagus (ES) Hard palate (HP)

Laryngopharynx (LP) Lips (L) Lingual tonsils Oropharynx (O) Palantine tonsils (PT) Soft palate (SP)

Teeth (TE) Tongue (TO) Uvula (U)

28. What are the 2 kinds of teeth that you get?

29. What are the 4 teeth types and the function of each

30. What is the 1 DS function of your teeth?

31. What are the 2 parts of each tooth?

32. What substance covers the crown? What is its function?

33. What substances is below? What is its function?

34. What are the 4 DS functions of your salivary glands?

35. What enzyme is in saliva? What nutrient does it digest?

36. What part of your nervous system controls your SG?

37. What are the 3 SG and where are they located?

38. What is the 1 DS function of your pharynx ?

39. What are the 3 stages of swallowing?

40. Arrange these 6 steps of the swallowing reflex in order from beginning to end

a. Epiglottis closes off the larynx

b. Muscles relax to open the esophagus

c. Peristalsis forces food into the esophagus

d. Pharynx is pulled upward

e. Soft palate rises to block nasal cavity

f. Tongue seals off oral cavity

41. What is the 1 DS function of your esophagus?

42. What separates the esophagus from the stomach?

43. What is its function?

44. What are the 5 DS functions of your stomach?

45. What are the 4 regions of the stomach and where is each located?

46. The cardiac sphincter marks the division between the stomach and esophagus. What sphincter lies between the stomach and small intestine?

47. What is different about the mucosa layer in the stomach?

48. What 3 cells lie in the gastic pits of the mucosa? What does each secrete? What does each secretion do?

49. The product of all 3 stomach cells is called? How much of it is produced daily?

50. What hormone causes the secretion of the gastric juices? What part of your nervous system causes gastric juices to be released?

51. What stops the secretions of the gastric juices when food leaves the stomach?

52. Does the stomach absorb much?

53. What is chyme?

54. What 2 factors determine the rate at which the stomach empties?

55. What food type remains in the stomach longer?

56. What pancreatic cells produce the pancreatic juice?

57. Nutrient Enyme Product(s)

Starch amylase disaccharides

Fats ____ ____

Nucleic acids ____ ____

Protein ____ ____

____

____

58. Besides enzymes, what other chemical does pancreatic juice have?

59. What does the hormone secretin do?

60. What does the hormone cholecystokinin do?

61. What secretion does the liver make that is directly related to the DS? What is its function? What is the name of this function?

62. What is its function?

63. What stimulates the gallbladder to release bile?

64. What are the 4 functions of the SI?

65. Arrange the 3 portions of the SI in order from beginning to end.

66. What are the 2 functions of the mesentery?

67. What is the function and location of the greater omentum?

68. What are villi? What is their function?

69. Why are 25% of your feces made from dead epithelial cells?

70. What do goblet cells secrete?

71. What do the intestinal glands secrete? Why?

72. What are the 6 enzymes made by the SI? What does each do?

73. What causes the SI to begin its secretions?

Nutrient Digestion starts Final product How absorbed

Starch mouth simple sugars f.diffusion/act.trans

Protein ____ ____ ____

____ ____ ____ chylomicrons/absorbed

74. What are the 2 normal movements of the SI?

75. How does diarrhea occur?

76. What separates the SI from the LI?

77. What causes it to open?

78. What are the 3 functions of the LI?

79. What are the 4 parts of the LI?

80. What are the 4 parts of the colon?

81. Which part of the anus do you learn to control during potty training?

82. What are the 2 differences in the LI wall from the rest of the AC?

83. What is the LI’s only secretion? Why are its 3 functions?

84. What are intestinal flora? What 2 functions do they have? What unpleasant function do they perform?

85. What are the 2 movements of the LI?

86. In what 2 ways are the movements of the LI different from the SI’s?

87. What is a mass movement?

88. What 6 things are in feces?

89. Where does it get its color from? It’s smell?

90. What causes tonsillitis? How can it be dangerous?

91. What are dental caries? What cause them?

92. What causes a hiatal hernia? How can it be a problem?

93. What is an ulcer? What causes it?

94. What might trigger vomiting? What 2 muscles cause it?

95. What is acute pancreatitis? What causes it?

96. What does cystic fibrosis do to your pancreas?

97. What are the 3 possible causes of jaundice?

98. What is hepatitis? How do you treat it?

99. What causes gallstones?

100. What is lactose intolerance?

101. What is malabsorption? How is it related to gluten?

102. What is appendicitis? What can happen if it ruptures?

103. What are hemorrhoids? What can cause them?

104. What is a colonoscopy?

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