A2: MILITARY PROFESSIONALISM / AFRICAN CONFLICTS
A2: MILITARY PROFESSIONALISM / AFRICAN CONFLICTS
THERE ARE MULTIPLE CAUSES OF CONFLICT THE PLAN DOESN’T SOLVE
Amnesty International, May 24, 2007
[“Africa; Human Rights Situation Remains Precarious Africa News, lexis, p. np, JT//UMKC07]
At least a dozen countries in Africa were affected by armed conflict. Marginalization of certain communities, small arms proliferation and struggles for geo-political power and control of natural resources were some of the underlying causes of the conflicts.
ALTERNATE CAUSALITY—PEACE PROCESS AND SMALL ARMS
Amnesty International, May 24, 2007
[“Africa; Human Rights Situation Remains Precarious Africa News, lexis, p. np, JT//UMKC07]
Proliferation of small arms remained a serious problem, particularly in Burundi, the DRC, Somalia and Sudan, contributing to a vicious cycle of violence, instability, poor human rights situations and humanitarian crises.
In Angola, the Memorandum of Understanding for Peace and Reconciliation in Cabinda was signed by the government and the Cabindan Forum for Dialogue, formally ending the armed conflict in Cabinda. However, sporadic attacks by both sides against civilians persisted.
ALTERNATE CAUSALITY—CLIMATE CHANGE
Scott Baldauf, July 27, 2007
[“Climate change escalates Darfur crisis,” Christian Science Monitor, Pg. 1, JT//UMKC07]
Competition for water - in refugee camps, between farmers and herders, and between countries - has long sparked conflict in the arid region and forms one of the main causes of the war in Sudan's Darfur region. But the trouble is only beginning, as it becomes clear that dramatic climate change will have its sharpest effects in Africa, leading to rising hardship, massive population displacement, and, in some cases, all-out war.
A2: U.S.-AFRICAN RELATIONS
U.S.-AFRICAN RELATIONS ARE HIGH NOW
States News Service, July 17, 2007
[“DEMOCRACY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA,” U.S. Department of State Press Release, lexis, UMKC07//JT]
Dealing with the complex challenges that these strife-riven countries present requires the energetic engagement of neighboring African nations and of Africa's regional institutions, as well as the support of the United States and the broader international community. We have made it a priority to intensify our relationships with Africa's regional organizations, and with the African Union in particular on matters of human rights and democracy.
U.S.-AFRICAN MILITARY COOPERATION IS HIGH NOW—SOUTH AFRICA PROVES
Linda D. Kozaryn, , 2000
[“DoD Helps Promote Global Military Reform,” ,
American Forces Press Release, accessed 7-28-07, JT//UMKC07]
"South Africa, long isolated in the world by the former government's apartheid policy," Lekota said, "is slowly building up its relationships which share with us the ideas of freedom and democracy. We are eager to work with such countries so that we may learn from each others' experiences."
Cohen and Lekota said they discussed South Africa's goal of transforming its military into a smaller, more modern force. "The United States has been in the process of a similar transformation for some time," Cohen told reporters. "A U.S. team will be in South Africa next week to discuss some of the lessons that we learned and ways that we might be able to help South Africa make this very difficult transition."
Much of the hour-long meeting centered on peacekeeping training and future joint combined exchange training exercises, Lekota said. "The new regional and continental situation requires that we beef up our peace enforcement, peacekeeping and peacemaking capabilities," he said. "We are therefore happy to acknowledge U.S. interest and support in these training exercises. So in about a month's time, we shall proceed with further training in South Africa."
To further exemplify the U.S.-South African military cooperation, Cohen announced the United States would provide U.S. water purification equipment and teams to provide safe drinking water to eastern South Africa recently hit by disastrous floods. He also offered to send a team of experts to help South African defense forces address the problem of AIDS. The team is going to focus on health education and training, he said.
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