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Child SoldiersMap:What do you notice about this map?What are wondering about the information this map shows? Stats:What is 1 thing that surprised you?What is 1 thing that changed, challenged or confirmed your thinking?Video Notes: Rehabilitation (3 things that was important)Ishmael Beah: A Long Way Gone Memoirs of A Boy SoldierCreate list of words that explain what Ishmael Beah has ‘lost’ through the war?How did these experiences might have affected him and other child soldiers.Why are children used in war? Star any that Ismhael mentioned.Decolonization of AfricaCrash Course: EgyptBankrupted themselves in the 19th century while trying to _____________________Egyptian king took orders from the British, so while technically Egypt had been independent since 1922, it was very _________________ independence. 1950s, the King was overthrown by army and Gemal Abdul Nasser- who brilliantly played the US and USSR off each other to the benefit of Egypt.One of the most problematic legacies of colonialism was its ______________________. Colonial boundaries became redefined as the borders of new nation states, even where those boundaries were arbitrary or in some cases pernicious (spiteful/evil). Ex: ________________: 2 very different tribes the Hutu and Tutsis were combined into one nationThe colonizers focus on value of extraction really hurt these new nations. Europeans claimed to bring civilization and ______________ development to their colonies, but focused solely on building infrastructure to get resources and export them. When Europeans left, African nations did not have the institutions necessary to thrive in the postwar (WWII) industrial world. They had very few schools and even fewer universities. EX: When ________________ achieved independence from Belgium in 1960, there were only ___ Congolese college graduates in a nation of ___ million people. In many of these new countries, the traditional elites had been undermined by imperialism. Most Europeans didn’t rule their African possessions directly, but rather through the proxies of local rules. Once European rulers left, those local rules (upper classes) were seen as illegitimate collaborators. This meant a new group of rulers had to rise up and take their place,, often with very little experience in governance. (Most of these leaders came from the __________________)We don’t want to get the wrong impression about Africa. Because while the continent does have less freedom and lower levels of development than other regions in the world, many African nations show strong and consistent signs of ___________, despite the challenges of decolonization. Botswana has gone from _____ literacy (ability to read) to _____ in the past 15 years and has seen steady GDP growth over 5%. Benin’s economy has grown in each of the past 12 years, which is better that Europe of the US can say. In 2002, Kenya’s life expectancy was 47 years old, today its ___ years old. Ethiopia’s per capita GDP has ____________ over the past 10 years Mauritania has seen its infant mortality rate fall by more than 40%. These nations have existed on average about 13 years less than your grandparents have. PowerPoint Presentation: As a result of colonialism and imperialism, Africa suffered long term effects, such as the loss of important natural resources like gold and rubber, economic devastation, cultural confusion, geopolitical division, and political subjugation.??Europeans often justified this using the concept of the White Man's Burden, an obligation to "civilize" the peoples of Africa.?On February 12th 1941, United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill met to discuss the postwar world. The result was the Atlantic Charter.??One of the provisions in this document that was introduced by Roosevelt was the autonomy of imperial colonies. Therefore after World War II, there was pressure on Britain to abide by the terms of the Atlantic Charter?. The legacy of European dominance remained evident in the national borders, political infrastructures, education systems, national languages, economies, and trade networks of each nation.?Cold War influenced the development of new African nations- pro-West or pro-East.??Most African Countries were being developed during the worst part of Cold War?Countries were given aid by US or USSR OR had invasions/coups lead by US or USSR?Proxy Wars (Angola)?Consequently, right from the beginning, most of the African Administrations?failed to:?o Inspire loyalty in the citizenry?o Produce a political class with integrity?o Inculcate in the military, police and the security forces an?understanding of their proper role in society?o External factors: the Cold War, economic interests, etc?The General Causes of Human Rights Violations?Racism (tribalism, ethnicism)?Migration?Poverty?Ignorance?Religious intolerance?Monopoly of power?Mismanagement?Lack of judicial and press autonomy?Border conflicts?Where did a lot of these issues originate from???Post-Colonialism forced new countries to deal with all of these issues.... at the same time...??? ................
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