System Training Plan - ATSC Homepage
DRAFT
System Training Plan (STRAP)
For
Close Combat Tactical Trainer (CCTT)
Train To Standard With Simulators
Date: October 1998
Version: 10
U.S. Army Armor School
Fort Knox, Kentucky 40121
DRAFT
System Training Plan
for
Close Combat Tactical Trainer (CCTT)
Table of Contents
Paragraph Topic Page
1 System Description 4
2 Assumptions 6
3 Training Concept 6
4 Training Constraints 11
5 New Equipment Training Strategy Summary 12
6 Training Device Strategy 12
7 Training Test Support Strategy 13
8 Significant Training Issues at Risk 14
9 Post Fielding Evaluation Summary 14
Appendix A U.S. Army Armor School 15
Institutional Training System 16
Unit/Sustainment Training 21
Appendix B U.S. Army Infantry School 24
Training Strategy Plan 25
Institutional Training System 36
System Milestone Schedule 38
Appendix C Resource Summary 39
Appendix D Coordination Summary 40
Appendix E List of References 44
Appendix F Acronyms 45
Appendix G USAARMS - TRADOC Form 569-R-E Unit/Sustainment and System Milestone Schedules G-1
The proponent for this document is USAARMC, Directorate of Training and Doctrine Development. Users are invited to submit comments and suggested improvement to
e-mail, furlowv@FTKNOX-DTDD-EMH5.Army.Mil or on DA Form 2028, to
Director, DTDD
ATTN: ATZK-TDT-S
Fort Knox, KY 40121-5200
DSN 464-6365
DRAFT
System Training Plan
for
Close Combat Tactical Trainer (CCTT)
1. System Description.
a. The Combined Arms Tactical Trainer (CATT) concept seeks to incorporate combat, combat support, combat service support and Opposing Forces (OPFOR) into a large scale virtual simulation environment. The Close Combat Tactical Trainer (CCTT) is an integral part of this concept and the first CATT concept program to be fielded. CATT and CCTT are designed for application to Active and Reserve Component (RC), and National Guard training requirements. CCTT focus is on providing a fully interactive collective training environment for individuals, crews and units of close combat forces involved in the mounted warfare direct fire battle while integrating their supporting combat, combat support (CS) and combat services support (CSS) assets. The CCTT is maneuver simulation system of manned simulators, command and control operating centers with unit and equipment emulator workstations, and semi-automated forces (SAF) that operate on computer generated terrain databases.
b. Manned simulators represent various types of combat vehicles and weapon system platforms that operate and maneuver in the simulation world (synthetic environment). CCTT consists of manned simulators representing the vehicles of the Abrams series tanks, Bradley Fighting Vehicles (BFV), High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), M113 Family of Armored Vehicles including the Fire Support Team Vehicle (FIST-V) and Armored Personnel Carrier (APC). CCTT will also provide a leader manned Dismounted Infantry Module (DIM) for the movement of dismounted scout and infantry elements. They will provide opportunities to train collective skills (i.e., ARTEP Mission Training Plan (AMTP) tasks) and sustain individual and crew specific procedural skills (e.g., gunnery, communications, and leadership).
c. Semi-Automated Forces (SAF). The system will be capable of presenting additional friendly semi-automated forces (BLUFOR) and semi-automated opposing forces (OPFOR) employed by trained specialists at separate workstations.
1) The SAF are manually controlled, computer generated weapon systems and vehicles that represent forward, adjacent, and rear elements. Using a computer work station, the SAF operator can control the movement and fires of weapons systems either individually or in groups. The operator uses simulated radio communications with friendly units and other emulator stations to support such actions as coordination, passage of lines, etc. Actions of SAF elements are portrayed in the visual simulation of any other vehicle in line-of-sight and can be fired on and destroyed by weapons systems. The commander will have the option of using SAF vehicles “tethered” to manned simulators in leader exercises at battalion level.
(2) Enemy forces are generated by one of two methods. The least desirable is to subdivide the training audience into two sides, red (REDFOR) and blue (BLUFOR), and fight them against each other. In this mode, both sides play friendly tactics, unless a trained opposing force (OPFOR) is available. The preferred method is to fight the friendly force against a semi-automated opposing force (SAFOR). The SAFOR is a computer generated threat force (platoon through regiment) operated in similar fashion to the SAF by only a few people (one or two per regiment). It is capable of realistically portraying threat tactics, doctrine and equipment in a manner such that the friendly force cannot distinguish the semi-automated enemy from a force of manned simulators. Sufficient SAFOR is available to achieve doctrinally correct force ratios.
d. Tactical and support command posts and operations centers are provided with digital, voice and other Frequency Modulation (FM) communications systems. This allows operators and staff elements to manage, interact, coordinate, and control units and elements made up of manned simulators and computer generated forces. Emulator workstations allow staff elements, and operators to control computer generated vehicles and equipment. Computer generated vehicles, equipment and personnel provide added realism, and contribute to the overall effectiveness of the simulation. SAF subordinate elements operate in response to command post workstations or to operational missions. Computer generated entities will fully populate the synthetic battlefield. As digital communications systems are fielded to the combat fleet, the CCTT will be upgraded to incorporate that capability. This includes replication of all digital systems in the manned modules and operations staff elements as appropriate.
e. The government-owned, contractor operated system will be housed in mobile and fixed shelters. A mobile shelter provides a platoon size element (4 to 7 simulators) and all necessary supporting hardware and software to allow training at Mobilization Sites and Army National Guard Armories. Fixed shelters of either a Company/Team (1 to 40 simulators),with potential growth to battalion task force (1 to 150 simulators) are tailored to house mixes of modules to support the units at a given installation or region. The CCTT network can be subdivided into as many as five independent exercises operating concurrently on the same terrain. For example, three companies and two platoons could train simultaneously without interfering with each other. See Appendix A for a layout of a recommended site design for CCTT simulators at the Armor School. The layout identifies the type of simulators and recommended numbers for the fixed-site.
f. The CCTT system architecture permits electronic capture of all events that occur in a training exercise. The electronic record is played back on a high resolution 19-inch video screen and projected on a high resolution 60x80-inch video projection screen with the accompanying audio. The commander can use this playback capability to analyze the battle during the After Action Review (AAR) to show soldiers exactly what occurred. The CCTT AAR data will be available for input to the Standard Army After-Action Review System (STAARS).
g. The CCTT is being developed with Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) protocols with the potential of expansion to High Level Architecture (HLA) to support potential interaction with other virtual and constructive simulations such as Warfighter Simulation (WARSIM) 2000.
h. Other CATT programs and new system Program Managers (PMs) will be responsible for providing other manned simulators for crews and units to operate on the CATT battlefield.
i. Army Management Information Memorandum (AMIM) Number: 830 (Combined Arms Tactical Trainer)
j. New Equipment Training Plan (NETP) Number: A NETP is not developed for CCTT. There is no requirement to develop NETP via Army Modernization Training Automation System (AMTAS) for training devices.)
k. First Unit Equipped (FUE) Date: FY00
2. Assumptions.
a. No increase in the Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) structure is required to support the operation and maintenance for CCTT.
b. CCTT requires no new MOS/SSI to operate, maintain, or support.
c. Computer-based training will be available on each operations workstation.
d. Simulators will be kept current to incorporate the capabilities of new systems, and system improvements to include ammunition, digital communications, sensor systems, etc.
3. Training Concept.
a. General. CCTT is a maneuver trainer with a virtual environment that provides structured, multi-echelon, collective task training to active and ARNG armor battalions/ task forces; Mechanized battalions; battalion-level staffs; armor companies and company/ teams; cavalry troops; and armor, mechanized infantry, and scout platoons during peacetime and mobilization.
(1) Commanders will use CCTT to conduct command and control and tactical training, Army Training Evaluation Programs (ARTEPs) Mission Training, and combined arms exercises. He will select specifically structured scenarios to train collective tasks. The goal of CCTT is to provide the opportunity to practice, and achieve a level of proficiency for a majority of collective tasks, and subtasks prior to live simulation training.
(2) CCTT will support multi-echelon training, and the sustainment of leader tasks and collective tasks, and some individual tasks. It supplements live simulation training, and allows individuals, crews, and units to operate in a virtual/constructive simulation. CCTT will reduce the impact of weapons effects restrictions, safety concerns, terrain limitations, time allocation, and help in overcoming the adverse effects of scarce resources.
(3) Training Support Packages (TSPs) are the focus and direction for Army Training XXI (ATXXI). TSPs provide structured situational training templates that offer live, virtual or constructive battle staff, and collective training events. The CCTT TSPs provide a structured simulation-based training program that support unit training. The CCTT TSPs are based on the proven design of Simulation-Based Multiechelon Training Program for Armor Units (SIMUTA), rewritten and expanded by Army Research Institute (ARI) in cooperation with (ICW) TSM CATT, these became the Structured Training For Units in the Close Combat Tactical Trainer (STRUCCTT) scenarios. STRUCCTT is a software development of executable tactical scenario files installed in and played on the CCTT hardware. These files consist of structured tactical exercises in the Defense in Sector, Movement to Contact, and Deliberate Attack mission context. CCTT and STRUCCTT scenario library will support the operational fleet in its digital communications capabilities. STRUCCTT integrated into a training management and exercise development system called the Commander’s Integrated Training Tool (CITT) forms the basis for the comprehensive TSP package for CCTT.
(a) The Directorate of Training and Doctrine Development (DTDD), U.S. Army Armor Center (USAARMC), and the Directorate of Operations and Training, U.S. Army Infantry School (USAIS), are responsible for the future development of the STRUCCTT scenarios.
(b) STRUCCTT can be used for institutional (Warrior XXI) and unit (Warfighter XXI) collective training events. Warrior XXI is the institutional training component of ATXXI, and focuses on developing individual skills. Warfighter XXI is the unit training component of ATXXI, and focuses on integrating ongoing initiatives and future developmental efforts to produce a coherent and integrated unit training system.
(c) The STRUCCTT and CITT will support an effort to meet the need for the Active and National Guard (NG) units to conduct Company/Team and battalion-level missions in a simulated, fully interactive battlefield operating in real time. CITT will include instructions to the unit leaders on how to implement a training exercise with CCTT. It will introduce the commander to the training program, providing him the opportunity to review and select tables/exercises for training, and suggesting ways to modify the tables for his use. The unit commander will be able to select, and execute training scenarios based on the unit’s Mission Essential Task List (METL). He will plan, conduct, and evaluate CCTT unit training events using the same methods used in live simulation. CITT and the STRUCCTT scenarios will be distributed a minimum of six months prior to the fielding of CCTT.
b. The primary operation and maintenance of CCTT will be performed by the Contractor Logistic Support (CLS). CLS personnel will provide management operations and logistic support for CCTT. They will operate the control workstations [(e.g., AAR, Maintenance Console (MC), Master Control Console (MCC)] and Semi-Automated Forces (SAF ) workstations (OPFOR and BLUFOR). Soldiers will operate the operations workstations [e.g., Field Artillery Battalion Tactical Operations Center (FABTOC), Combat Engineer Station (CES), Combat Trains Command Post (CTCP), Fire Direction Center (FDC), Unit Maintenance Collection Point (UMCP), Tactical Air Control Party (TACP)], and manned simulator modules (e.g., M1A1/M1A2, M2A2/M3A2, and Dismounted Infantry (DIM) workstation). The operations workstations are housed in Tactical Operations Center (TOC) mock-ups to create the appropriate environment.
c. Commanders should plan to spend at least one day (4-8 hours) with their units in CCTT prior to each field training exercise to practice the events that will be conducted in the field. The commander will determine the length of time needed to conduct training. The echelon at which training is conducted during any of these periods should be based on the current training mission and unit METL.
d. CCTT familiarization training will provide an overview of CCTT capabilities and limitations, functions, and operation of all manned modules and operations workstations. The final validation of the familiarization training was completed during Initial Operational Test and Evaluation (IOT&E ). CCTT familiarization training will be presented to the unit by CLS personnel at fixed sites. Army National Guard (ARNG) units training with mobile CCTT will use the same training program (e.g., videotapes, CD-ROM, ICW) used at fixed sites.
(1) CCTT familiarization training for the manned modules will include the M1A1/M1A2 Abrams Main Battle Tank, M2A2/M3A2 Bradley Fighting Vehicle, M113A3 Armored Personnel Carrier (APC), M981 Fire Support Team Vehicle (FIST-V), High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), and Dismounted Infantry modules. Training for the operations workstations will include the same workstations listed in paragraph 3b above. The CCTT training program will include the following.
(a) CCTT Facilitator’s Handbook
(b) Videotapes for manned modules
(c) Interactive Courseware (ICW) in the form of Education of CCTT through Computer Assisted Training Technology (EDUCCATT) for the operations workstations.
(d) Hands-on Component Checklists for each module and workstation
(e) Pre-Combat Checklists for each manned module
(2) Upon completion of CCTT familiarization training the solider will participate in STRUCCTT orientation exercises with hands-on practice with specifically structured scenarios. The scenarios will provide additional practice for the manned module and operations workstation operators. Manned module operators will be required to identify friend and foe, rearm/refuel/resupply, engage combat vehicles, drive through obstacles, and perform other operations to; (a) overcome differences between operating in a CCTT virtual/ constructive simulation vs. real world, and (b) to provide them with experience in navigating on the CCTT terrain database.
(3) Operations workstation operators (UMCP, CTCP, FDC, etc.,) will perform actions of navigating within the operations workstation menus and screen displays, and specific workstation functions to support mission requirements for the training scenarios in virtual/constructive simulation.
e. CCTT will play an integral part of the Force XXI training program. It will be implemented under two of the three Armor pillars (institution, unit, self development) of training. These pillars for Armor training are an integral part of the Combined Arms Training Strategy (CATS).
(1) Warrior XXI (Institutional Training).
(a) U.S. Army Armor School (USAARMS). CCTT will be integrated into noncommissioned and commissioned officer professional development courses. Instruction will include the capabilities and functions of CCTT, and familiarization with navigating in the terrain database. It will emphasize the principles of defensive and offensive operations in simulated wargame practical exercises, and validate the Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs) studied during defensive/offensive instruction. See Appendix A, Institutional Training System, for more information on the specific courses integrated with CCTT training.
(b) U. S. Army Infantry School (USAIS). Students will use the CCTT in institutional training and become familiar with the use of CCTT in support of unit training management. They will participate in simulated exercises with CCTT as part of tactics training, applying the principles, procedures, tactics, and techniques of combined arms defensive and offensive operations in a simulation based environment. See Appendix B for more information on the specific courses integrated with CCTT training at the Infantry School.
(2) Warfighter XXI (Unit Training).
(a). Commanders, staffs, leaders, and trainers can use CCTT to practice and achieve a level of proficiency on collective tasks and subtasks prior to field training. CCTT will be fielded initially in platoon and company teams sets. Some of the sets may be expanded to battalion level sets. It will allow individuals, crews, and units to operate in a simulated combat environment. This will reduce the impact of weapons effects restrictions, safety concerns, terrain limitations, time allocation, and help in overcoming the adverse effects of scarce resources. CCTT will simulate the same logistics support requirements that would be generated by the operational vehicles and weapon systems.
(b) CCTT will be incorporated in the unit’s annual training calendar. CCTT training exercises are included in the Combined Arms Training Strategy (CATS) for Mounted Warfare units with recommended resource allocations for platoons, company and battalion level events. Although CATS is a guide, CCTT events and planning will be allocated in accordance with (IAW) tactical training guidance provided by the Major Command (MACOM) commander, his staff, and subordinate commanders. As an example, the MACOM commander may require or recommend a level of usage for particular types of units based on mission or localized training constraints. If ongoing training development efforts provide a satisfactory tactical training matrix, unit commanders at Division and Brigade level may require units to reach that level prior to free play exercises. The provisions and procedures in the field manuals for developing training programs (FM 25-100 and FM 25-101) and appropriate Mission Training Plans (MTP) will be followed. Commanders will develop their METL and determine how CCTT will assist in reaching their training objectives.
(c) Command Post elements will operate over digital and voice communications channels as they do in the field environment. As an example, the combat trains Command Post staff officers and NCOs will man their simulated command post. The battalion staff will simulate communications with the combat service support element at brigade level with which they will interact. The leaders and staff in combat support/combat service support elements at battalion will perform their functions in as near real manner as applicable with CCTT. They will have the capability to plan, execute, and manage supplies, fuel, and vehicles to support whatever type of exercise is being conducted. Also, the vulnerability of assets and the ability to constrain resupply by controlled supply rates will add realism to the Combat Service Support (CSS) operations. Real time movement of vehicles will emphasize the need for prior planning and coordination.
f. National Guard Unit Training.
(1) Mobile platoon sets of CCTT will support full platoon or company level leader only training at the ARNG armories. The mobile sets can be linked together or to a fixed site to support larger scale training exercises.
(2) ARNG training with CCTT mobile platoon sets can be used to conduct a Command Field Exercise (CFX) when the participants are only the company commander and his subordinate leaders. Full company/team and battalion task force training can be conducted at TRADOC and FORSCOM facilities. The ARNG annual training requirements are determined based on whether a unit is either a part of the Non-Enhanced or Enhanced Brigade. The Non-Enhanced Brigade units will train a minimum of 16 hours, and the Enhanced Brigade a minimum of 32 hours annually with CCTT.
g. CCTT becomes a critical component for the mobilization training base. These sites provide realism to training before deploying to a combat zone. In USAREUR, existing CCTT sites will train replacement units prior to field training with combat equipment.
h. Embedded Training (ET) is not required for CCTT.
i. It is the policy of TRADOC to develop Interactive Multimedia Instruction (IMI) to support all fielded systems. This is accomplished primarily via Interactive Courseware (ICW) (approximately one hour) for the operations workstations. The ICW will provide practical application on how to operate the operations workstations, and employ the functions provided by each workstation. As IMI has not been thoroughly explored for CCTT, the full range of media will be reviewed for consideration as training tools that will assist the units in conducting training with CCTT. IMI may consist of Computer-based Instruction (CBI); Computer-based Training (CBT); Interactive Course (ICW); Interactive Video-disc (IVD); Computer Managed Instruction (CMI); Electronic Performance Support System (EPSS); etc.
j. Doctrine and Tactics Training (DTT). CCTT will not impact on Armor doctrine and tactics development.
4. Training Constraints.
a. CCTT shall provide the level of fidelity for visual, aural, tactile, and dynamic cueing required to perform the tasks and operations specified for the simulated weapons systems and units. The level of fidelity is determined from Army manuals for tactical operations and doctrine for each weapon system and Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) listed in section 3.5 of the System Development Specification.
(1) Workload shall be within viable time limits for interaction with the scenarios.
(2) Simulated work spaces, positions, and environments for personnel shall be representative of the operational equipment being simulated.
(3) The target audience shall be able to operate the CCTT system with minimal familiarization training to account for the differences between the trainer and the vehicle being replicated.
(4) The CCTT will not train the operators to perform tasks which are harmful to themselves or to the system. To reduce negative training, correct actions are required as in the actual situation.
b. TRADOC policy outlined in TRADOC Commander message 131958Z Aug 96 (ATTG-ZA) describes the conduct of “top quality training” with “significant training resource constraints”. Other paragraphs in that message require all new or revised POI’s that have resource growth to also identify tradeoffs in official correspondence otherwise, TRADOC will return the documents without action. TRADOC will adjust the resource tradeoffs at their level.
(1) There is one exception outlined in the message that permits the Commandant to request exception to policy. This exception to policy must be accompanied by justification for resource growth and explain what other alternatives were considered. When the Commandant cannot pay a manpower resource bill, TRADOC pays the bill from another Commandant’s savings. TRADOC has no additional manpower spaces.
(2) The integration of CCTT into warrior training will not increase the requirement for additional instructors, nor will it increase courses length. However, the low density of the Basis of Issue (BOI) for CCTT will greatly impact on the professional development courses of optimum class size to conduct training events, and on reserve units to conduct virtual/constructive training exercises.
c. TRADOC policy no longer supports TRADOC resourcing to dedicated new equipment training teams (NET-T). This requirement must now be resourced by the Program Manager (PM). CCTT does not require the support of a NET-T. All training support that is conducted by CLS at fielding must not create any resourcing impact on the institution and unit personnel.
d. TRADOC policy no longer resources Post Fielding Evaluation Teams from the Schools. Any and all training follow-up evaluations will be supported by the system proponent school as directed by the Commanding General/Deputy Commanding General, USAARMC.
5. WarMod XXI (New Equipment Training Strategy Summary).
a. Instructor and Key Personnel Training (I&KPT) will be conducted to transfer the initial CCTT knowledge and skills to personnel serving in key positions. This will include CLS personnel, and military and civilian persons that will establish the training base at the institution. I&KPT will be conducted for all personnel requiring knowledge and skills while serving in any capacity to support the operational test of CCTT.
b. Warnet for CCTT will be conducted through two separate approaches. First, the CLS will provide familiarization training for the manned modules, and facilitate the ICW for the operations workstations. Second, CITT will provide train-the-trainer instruction on how to employ CCTT to conduct unit training. It will include procedures for conducting unit/collective task training to accomplish specific training objectives, and recommend what the unit should do in preparation to train with CCTT. The train-the-trainer instruction will provide the “how to” on the selection, execution, and modification of CCTT exercises to maximize the training benefits of CCTT.
6. Training Device Strategy.
a. There is no requirement for any additional training devices to support training for CCTT. CCTT is a training device, and the first trainer in the CATT family to be fielded. The CATT family of simulator systems includes simulators for engineers, air defense, aviation, and artillery networked in a Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) environment. The CATT family of trainers will support training at the team/squad through battalion task force level. CCTT will reinforce and provide some sustainment for individual tasks that are performed to execute collective tasks; support unit training for Situational Training Exercises (STX) and Field Training Exercises (FTX) and allow for Command Field Exercises (CFX) for battalion leader only exercises for the Combined Arms Training Strategy (CATS).
b. Any approved changes to the operational characteristics and/or functions of a system replicated by CCTT modules must also be replicated in CCTT. CCTT must have the capability to be networked with other simulators/simulations, participate in live and constructive simulation training exercises, and support collective training for echelons at battalion and above.
c. The proponents will evaluate their doctrine and tactics to determine how CCTT will be integrated into their CATS. CCTT is a part of the Training Aids, Devices, Simulators, and Simulation (TADSS) training strategy of CATS. It is integrated into the simulation maneuver training strategy for active and ARNG armor battalions/task forces; mechanized battalions; armor companies and company/teams; cavalry troops; scout platoons; and cavalry and mechanized infantry. See Appendix A, Unit/Sustainment Training, for a recommended CATS for the M1A1 and M1A2 tanks. This recommendation contains the echelons, events, and frequencies to support collective task training.
d. CATS addresses the three pillars for Armor and Cavalry Training; unit, institution, and self development. The Armor CATS is Task-Based, Event-Driven, and Battle-Focused to provide a coherent training system for Force XXI. Paragraph 3, Training Concept, discussed the use of CCTT in unit and institutional training. CCTT supports Armor/Cavalry CATS in unit (Warfighter XXI) training in soldier, maneuver, and gunnery. CCTT at the institutional level (Warrior XXI) supports leader development and individual training. For additional information on how other training devices and combat systems are integrated into CATS, see the following Training Circulars (TC); TC 17-12-7-1 Institutional Training Strategy: Armor/Cavalry, TC 17-12-7-2, Self Development Training Strategy: Armor/Cavalry, and TC 17-12-7-3, Unit Training Strategy: Armor/Cavalry. These circulars provide a comprehensive look at the three pillars of the Armor/Cavalry Training Strategy.
7. Training Test Support Strategy.
a. The initial Training Test Support Package (TTSP) was developed by DTDD, USAARMC, and coordinated for review and input with the USAIS and others agencies (e.g., Air Defense Artillery School, Aviation School, Field Artillery School, Engineer School, Intelligence School, etc.) involved with the CCTT/CATT program. It describes the training and certification requirements for the test players for the operational testing of CCTT.
b. The training schedule, program of instruction (POI), and training program of the final TTSP was developed by DTDD, and approved by the Deputy Commanding General at the Armor School prior to the start of test training.
c. STRUCCTT was successfully used during the Initial Operational Test and Evaluation (IOT&E) to provide the structured training environment, and establish the baseline for CCTT training. STRUCCTT provides training exercises/scenarios in the Movement to Contact, Defense in Sector, and Hasty Attack mission context.
8. Significant Training Issues at Risk.
a. Training development resources are not available for in-house development, and update of the CCTT STRUCCTT TSPs to support institutional and unit training. Resource dollars must be made available for the contractual development of additional STRUCCTT TSPs using the CITT and maintenance and refinement of the existing TSPs.
b. The current CCTT Basis of Issue Plan (BOIP) is based on the current or near-term fielding of combat systems at each installation. Pending the final decision on the division restructure, an installation could have several versions of a combat system, i.e. M1A2 SEP in one brigade and M1A1D in another brigade. The ideal would be to provide additional manned modules to support each system at a significant cost. Other options to consider are to field a mixed set of modules, some of each, or to train-up or train-down on one set of modules.
c. The training issues stated above will not impact on the fielding of CCTT.
9. Post Fielding Evaluation Summary. TRADOC policy no longer resources Post Fielding Evaluation Teams from the Schools. Any and all training follow-up evaluations will be supported by the system proponent school as directed by the Commanding General/Deputy Commanding General, USAARMC. (See paragraph 4 above)
Appendix A
U.S. Army Armor School
Fort Knox, Kentucky
Contents:
Institutional Training System
Unit/Sustainment Training
System Milestone Schedules
Institutional Training System
USAARMS
Training Strategy For:
CMF 19
ANCOC 19K - is a 12-week, 2-day course designed to train armor platoon sergeants to lead, train and direct subordinates to maintain, operate and employ tank weapons and equipment. Instruction includes platoon tactical training, gunnery preparation, maintenance management, training management, leadership skills and staff support functions using the train-the-trainer concept. The student will receive a train-the-trainer briefing on how to train with CCTT. The briefing will include the selection of training exercises/tables, and a recommendation on what the unit should do in the preparation phase in order to optimize training with CCTT. Contractor Logistic Support (CLS) personnel will brief the student on the overall CCTT system, and provide training on the unique aspects of the manned modules and operations workstations. The student will become familiar with CCTT in 6-day tactical exercise: Plan Movement to Contact; Conduct Movement to Contact; Conduct Actions on Contact; Conduct a Hasty Attack; Call for and Adjust Fire; Plan Occupation of a Battle Position; Conduct Occupation of a Battle Position; and Conduct Displacement at a Platoon Level.
Location: USAARMS, Fort Knox, KY
Lesson Plans: 1 Qtr FY99
Course Start: In place
Year: FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03
Classes: 4 4 4 4 4
Student Load: 272
ANCOC 19D - is a 14-week, 4-day course designed to train cavalry or scout platoon sergeants to lead, train and direct subordinates to maintain, operate and employ cavalry weapons and equipment. The student will receive a train-the-trainer briefing on how to train with CCTT. The briefing will include the selection of training exercises/tables, and a recommendation on what the unit should do in the preparation phase in order to optimize training with CCTT. Contractor Logistic Support (CLS) personnel will brief the student on the overall CCTT system, and provide training on the unique aspects of the manned modules and operations workstations. The student will become familiar with CCTT in a 6-day tactical exercise: Conduct a Route Reconnaissance at Platoon Level; Conduct a Hasty River Crossing; Conduct a Zone Reconnaissance at Platoon Level; Conduct Actions on Contact; Conduct an area Reconnaissance at Platoon Level; Conduct a Screening Mission; Conduct a Mounted Patrol; and Conduct a Relief in Place at Platoon Level.
Location: USAARMS, Fort Knox, KY
Lesson Plans: 1 Qtr FY99
Course Start: In place
Year: FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03
Classes: 2 2 2 2 2
Student Load: 115
12A
Mounted Maneuver Training (MMT) - is a 1-week course designed to familiarize cadets on maneuver heavy combat equipment and operations consisting of tank gunnery, Field Artillery, Air Defense Artillery, Engineer, Aviation, combat vehicle driving, and mounted tactical training for Armor and Infantry. Contractor Logistic Support (CLS) personnel will brief the student on the overall CCTT system, and provide training on the unique aspects of the manned modules and operations workstations. Cadets will become familiar with CCTT in a 1-day tactical exercise.
Location: USAARMS, Fort Knox, KY
Lesson Plans: FY99
Course Start: In place
Year: FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03
Classes: 8 8 8 8 8
Student Load : 1200
Armor Officer Basic Course (AOBC) - is an initial entry level 17-week course. Training produces new armor and scout leaders imbued with the warrior spirit and well grounded in the basic fundamentals of tactics, gunnery, maintenance, and soldier/leader skills in order to prepare them to assume command of a M1A1, M1A2, or Scout platoon. Contractor Logistic Support (CLS) personnel will brief the student on the overall CCTT system, and provide training on the unique aspects of the manned modules and operations workstations. The student will participate in a 5-day tank platoon offensive/defensive tactical exercise using both M1A1 and M1A2 CCTT systems for FY 99. Beginning with FY 01, AOB will transition to teaching the new digital systems with a requirement for the student to participate in 5-day offensive and defensive exercises using the M1A1-D
(FY 01) and the M1A2 SEP (FY 03).
Location: USAARMS, Fort Knox, KY
Lesson Plans: FY99
Course Start: In place
Year: FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03
Classes: 11 11 11 11 11
Student Load: 630
Armor Officer Advanced Course (AOAC) - is a 18-week course. It is a comprehensive program that prepares company grade officers to perform the duties of combined arms company/team commander and assistant staff officer at battalion and brigade level. Contractor Logistic Support (CLS) personnel will brief students and provide familiarization training to students on the overall CCTT system, its unique aspects of the manned modules and operations workstations. Information will be provided on how to train with CCTT. CCTT will provide students the opportunity to apply the principles of offense and defense operations in a computer assisted simulated wargame. They will validate tactics, techniques, and procedures learned from company level with tactical exercises and STX lanes for a total of 6 days (3 days for offense and 3 days of defense).
Location: USAARMS, Fort Knox, KY
Lesson Plans: 1 Qtr FY99
Course Start Date: In place
Year: FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03
Classes: 4 4 4 4 4
Student Load: 390
Scout Platoon Leaders Course (SPLC) – is an initial entry 3-week course. Training prepares commissioned officers and sergeants (E6/above) to lead reconnaissance (ACR, Div Cav, Bn TF, Bde Recon Trp, and LAV) platoons. Beginning FY 01, SPLC will require 12 M114s with the LRAS3 system CCTT. The student will participate in a 3-day scout platoon reconnaissance and security tactical exercise designed to emphasize the student’s ability to demonstrate proficiency in both tactics and the digital communication internet. The student must complete the goals and objectives of the mission and pass all current information to the S2 using the Long Range Advance Scout Surveillance System (LRAS3)/All Source Analysis System (ASAS) interface.
Location: USAARMS, Fort Knox, KY
Lesson Plans: FY01
Course Start: In place
Year: FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03
Classes: 11 11 11 11 11
Student Load:
Armor Pre-Command Course (APCC) - is a 2-week, 2-day course that prepares the student for command at the battalion and brigade levels. Focusing on current tactics, techniques, and procedures, and gunnery. On day five of the course, students and instructors are transported by air to the National Training Center (NTC), Ft Irwin, Ca, where they spend five days observing tactical operations performed by armor and infantry units. Contractor Logistic Support (CLS) personnel will provide a familiarization briefing on the capabilities and limitations of CCTT. The briefing will include a structured tour of the CCTT facility.
Location: USAARMS, Fort Knox, KY
Lesson Plans: FY99
Course Start Date: In place
Year: FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03
Classes: 5 5 5 5 5
Student Load: 80
TRAS DOCUMENT:
ITP: 3Q FY88
CAD: No Change
POI: No Change
TRAINING SUPPORT REQUIRED:
Simulators
M1A1/M1A2 14
BFV M2/M3 16
Dismounted 3
FIST-V M981 2
HMMWV 2
M113A3 APC 2
Unit/Sustainment Training
LCSMM PHASE: DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING DEVELOPMENT
1. Individual Training. CCTT will provide minimal sustainment training for the individual tasks associated with the combat vehicles and weapon system platforms simulated through manned modules and operations workstations.
2. Collective Training. CCTT provides the commander the opportunity to train in virtual simulation, prior to each live simulation training exercise. It also offers the opportunity for continue training in virtual simulation to refine skills and correct deficiencies identified during live simulation. CCTT is a part task virtual trainer, and will not train all Army Training and Evaluation Program (ARTEP) Mission Training Plan (MTP) tasks to standard. However, the unit commander can select exercises from the CCTT Training Support Package (TSP). The TSP is designed and developed as the Structured Training For Units in the Close Combat Tactical Trainer (STRUCCTT). It provides the opportunity for him to conduct training based on his unit’s Mission Essential Task List (METL).
a. STRUCCTT will be used to sustain unit training. It will support the needs of the Active Component (AC) and National Guard (NG) units to conduct Company/Team and battalion-level missions in a simulated, fully interactive battlefield operating in real time. The STRUCCTT train-the-trainer package will provide the unit leaders with the “how to” on the selection, execution, and modification of exercises to maximize the training benefits of CCTT. The unit commander will be able to select, and execute training scenarios based on the unit’s Mission Essential Task List (METL). The STRUCCTT provides the format for structured, multi-echelon, collective training for armor battalions/task forces; battalion-level staffs; armor companies and company/teams; cavalry troops; and armor, mechanized infantry, and scout platoons.
b. CCTT will support a basis of issue of at least one Company/Team/Troop (CO/TM/TRP) size set for each AC heavy division and AC cavalry regiment; and a platoon set (mobile) to specified NG regions. This basis of issue provides approximately 7.5 days of training at platoon level and 12.5 days of training at company level with CCTT each year in the AC heavy force. The National Guard distribution will allow approximately 7.5 days of CCTT training in the Enhanced Brigades annually, and 2.5 training days in the non-Enhanced Brigades. Training is conducted at echelons, platoon through battalion, depending on the training objectives of the commander and the site capabilities. Training is conducted in a session lasting from a minimum of four hours to a maximum of three days. After the commander has scheduled time with CCTT, he prepares a training plan designed to focus on specific tasks and missions. Preparation for training is no different than that normally made for live simulation training.
c. Coordination for training exercises will be conducted with the local CCTT site. The unit will man the simulators and command and control functions of CCTT. Contractor Logistic Support (CLS) personnel will conduct the exercise(s) under the direction of the commander and his staff. (Site personnel will not participate in the training). The commander will be able to stop an exercise at his discretion and conduct an During-Action Review (DAR). He can do this using normal procedures used in the field or supplement it with both video and audio playback of the battle using CCTT’s AAR capability. After the DAR, the commander can restart the exercise from the initial condition or resume it from the point where the exercise was stopped. At the conclusion of the exercise, the commander can again conduct an effective AAR supported by the CCTT’s extensive AAR capability.
3. Task Performance Support (TPS) Codes for CCTT have been developed by the Directorate of Doctrine Development (DTDD), Training Development Division, Analysis Branch. TPS codes were developed to assist unit commanders during the planning phase of training collective tasks with Training Aids, Devices, Simulators, and Simulation (TADSS). Ratings for the TPS codes are established, and are based on the performance capability of the TADSS to train specific tasks. Task assessment rating range from the highest possible rating of 4, and to the lowest rating of zero. The collective tasks are coded to support a specific TADSS by echelon starting at crew level. The commander will access the TPS codes for CCTT through the Automated System Approach to Training (ASAT).
5. The following are the recommended echelons, events, and frequencies to support unit collective training for the M1A1 and M1A2 tanks.
Tank Battalion Training Strategy
Platoon Situational Training Exercise (STX) AC Semiannually
NG Semiannually
Company Command Field Exercise (CFX) AC Semiannually
NG Annually
Fire Coordination Exercise (FCX) AC Semiannually
NG Annually
Battalion Command Field Exercise (CFX) AC Semiannually
NG Annually
Fire Coordination Exercise (FCX) AC Semiannually
NG Annually
Cavalry Squadron Training Strategy
Platoon Situational Training Exercise (STX) AC Semiannually
NG Semiannually
Troop Command Field Exercise (CFX) AC Semiannually
NG Annually
Fire Coordination Exercise (FCX) AC Semiannually
NG Annually
Squadron Command Field Exercise (CFX) AC Semiannually
NG Annually
Fire Coordination Exercise (FCX) AC Semiannually
NG Annually
6. Unique requirements: It is important that unit leaders understand that operators for the manned modules and operations workstations must be MOS qualified for their duty position in CCTT. CCTT is not a trainer to qualify soldiers to operate a specific system. System specific training must be received at the MOS producing school in the professional development or specialty courses.
a. When scheduling training with your local CCTT site manager, it is critical that all soldiers receive the familiarization training on the CCTT manned modules and operations workstations. The manned module operators will receive instruction on the trainer unique components of the manned module (i.e., M1A1/M1A2), and learn to navigate in the CCTT terrain database.
b. Operations workstation operators (i.e., UMCP, CTCP, FDC, etc.,) will be trained using interactive courseware (ICW) training. The operators will perform actions of navigating within the operations workstation menus and screen displays, and specific workstation functions in virtual/constructive simulation.
c. After the completion of the familiarization training for the manned modules and operations workstations, the unit will participate in STRUCCTT orientation exercises with hands-on practice with specifically structured scenarios. The scenarios will provide additional practice for the manned module and workstation operators. STRUCCTT orientation exercises will include the identification of friend and foe, rearm/refuel/ resupply, engage combat vehicles, drive through obstacles, and perform other operations to; (a) overcome differences between operating in a CCTT virtual/constructive simulation vs. real world, and (b) to provide them with experience in navigating on the CCTT terrain database.
Appendix B
U.S. Army Infantry School
Fort Benning, Georgia
Contents:
System Training Plan
Institutional Training System
System Milestone Schedule
DRAFT
CLOSE COMBAT TACTICAL TRAINER
INFANTRY
TRAINING STRATEGY
UNITED STATES ARMY INFANTRY SCHOOL
ATSH-OTY
FT. BENNING, GA. 31905
POC: Mr. Ron Gorday
706-545-2918
Prepared by
Gary L. Hubbard
Sherikon,Inc.
GENERAL
A Training Strategy is the overall concept for integrating resources into a program to train and maintain the individual and collective skills needed to perform a unit’s wartime mission. This training strategy will be reflected in the Standard Army Training System, (SATS) and Combined Arms Training Strategies (CATS).
The procedures and methods described in the USAIS, Close Combat Tactical Trainer (CCTT) Infantry Training Strategy, are based on the concept that all infantrymen (light & mechanized) must be technically and tactically proficient, and effectively apply their skills on the combined arms battlefield. The initial CCTT will be focused on heavy divisions. As the Army moves into the 21st Century Land Warrior, this initial strategy will evolve with the CCTT systems, to accommodate the training of more light infantry and attachments e.g. medical and engineer support). New weapon systems with embedded training features, and more high fidelity training simulations will update CCTT through P3I and CATT-CORE programs. FM 25-100 stresses the need to increase use of high resolution virtual simulations/simulators as a resource effective method for sharpening soldier, and leader skills while training unit’s METL. The execution of this strategy throughout the next decade will involve seamless integration of simulation training in Live, Constructive, and Virtual environments. In the future, unit commanders will develop their respective Mission Essential Task Lists (METLs) and gear their training programs to the increased capability of the 21st Century land Warrior and other emerging Soldier Systems.
Two primary components compose this training strategy: institutional training and unit training. Both components will use simulations as part of the training of individual, crew, leader and collective skills. The infantry training strategy will implement CCTT in the Infantry Pre-command Course (PCC), NCOES 11M, Bradley Leader, and Infantry Officer Advanced Course (IOAC) and in all infantry units based on their METL. During Initial entry Infantry one station unit training (OSUT) and Infantry Officer Basic Course (IOBC), the focus is on learning the basic infantry skills and leadership. The training experience is field based with hands on exercises. A critical step in the CCTT training strategy is to train the trainers and leaders first. Leader courses and unit publications develop officer and NCO proficiencies necessary to plan and conduct mission training and to evaluate the effectiveness of unit training programs. Infantry advanced officer and non-commissioned officer leader courses will be focused on a greater use of CCTT for portions of the training management program. These leaders will understand how unit mission oriented training is accomplished by a combination of CCTT exercises, live force-on-force field training , and live-fire exercises. In tactical units the CCTT assists the commander in insuring individual, leader, and unit collective tasks are trained and evaluated to standard and discussed during after-action reviews. Objective evaluations of both individual and unit proficiency provide operational readiness indicators and identifies future training requirements. Training support materials are provided by the proponent schools to include field manuals, training aids, devices, simulations, and programs that are doctrinal foundations and guidance for training the force.
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
a. The Combined Arms Tactical Trainer (CATT) system seeks to incorporate combat, combat support, combat service support and OPFOR into a large scale simulation. CCTT is an integral part of this concept. When fielded to heavy divisions, the Close Combat Tactical Trainer (CCTT) will be a Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) compatible system capable of world wide networking of simulators. CCTT includes both manned virtual and constructive simulators operating on a computer generated data base in a manner that provides combined arms collective training in combat operations (gunnery, fire support and maneuver) for tactical units battalion size and below. Units above battalion will be able to exercise simultaneously in BBS and CBS; later WARSIM 2000 Synthetic Theater Of War (STOW). The initial manned simulators/work stations represent various types of combat vehicles and weapons platforms. CCTT will perform as a tactical maneuver trainer and a part task trainer for combat vehicle crews, operators, gunners, and dismounted leaders (infantry/scout). Numerous infantry mission essential tasks can be performed with a high degree of realism in CCTT. The combat vehicles represented include the Abrams Tank, Bradley Fighting Vehicle, FIST-V, M113A3, and HMMWV. Unlike previous systems (SIMNET) the initial CCTT system also provides for a commanders popped hatch capability (M1A1/A2, M2/3A2) and a limited function Dismounted Infantry (CCTT-DI) module which includes scouts (dismounted combatants). Battlefield functions not represented by CCTT manned simulators/work stations are portrayed in the battle through the use of emulators which allow the actual user to provide the normal support battlefield functions. The emulators will include Unit Maintenance Collection Point (UMCP), Field Artillery Battalion Tactical Operations Center (FABTOC) Combat Trains Command Post (CTCP), Tactical Operations Center (TOC), Tactical Air Control Party (TACP), and Fire Direction Center (FDC). CCTT will be produced in fixed and mobile versions. The fixed sites will primarily support the active component while the mobile versions will support the Reserve Components (RC). Crew level gunnery skills will continue to be trained in the UCOFT/MCOFT.
b. Manned virtual simulator modules in CCTT are limited initially to M1 series tanks, M2/3 series Bradley Fighting Vehicles with dismounted infantry (DI) plt/Sqd leader work stations (3 constructive simulation DI stations per platoon), HMMWV, M113A3 and the M981 Fire Support Vehicle. Pre-planned enhancements (P3I and CATT CORE) to the initial system will include upgrades ( eg. BFV M2A3/ DIVE) across the full spectrum of infantry, armor, aviation, artillery, air defense, combat support and combat service support vehicles, weapons platforms, dismounted combatants and dynamic terrain. These upgrades/enhancements may be either fully immersed virtual manned simulators, such as planned for dismounted infantry (DI), or emulators depending on the training requirements identified as the 21st Century Land Warrior systems are fielded. The ability to involve dismounted infantry leaders, and ultimately each dismounted platoon member and attachments ( eg. FO, Medic, Eng.) may greatly expand as the army conducts experiments with the Gen II Soldier, and 21 CLAW AWE programs.
c. Semi-Automated Forces (SAF). The system will be capable of presenting additional friendly semi-automated (blue) forces and threat semi-automated (opposing) forces.
( 1 ) The BLUFOR SAF are manually controlled computer generated weapon systems and vehicles that represent forward, adjacent, and rear elements. Using a computer work station, the BLUFOR operator can control the movement and fires of weapons systems either individually or as units. The operator uses a simulated radio communication with friendly units and other emulator stations to support such actions as coordination, passage of lines, etc. Actions of BLUFOR elements are portrayed in the visual simulation of any other vehicle in line-of-sight and can be fired on and destroyed by the enemy. The commander will have the option of using BLUFOR vehicles tagged to manned simulators to replicate formations and larger units.
(2) Enemy forces are generated by one of two methods. The least desirable is to subdivide the training audience into two sides, red and blue, and fight them against each other. In this mode, both sides play friendly tactics, unless a trained opposing force (OPFOR) is available. The preferred method is to fight the friendly force against a semi-automated SAF opposing force (OPFOR). The OPFOR is a computer generated threat force (plt through regiment) operated in similar fashion to the BLUFOR by only a few people (one or two per regiment). It is capable of realistically portraying threat tactics, doctrine and equipment in a manner such that the friendly force cannot distinguish the semi-automated enemy from a force of manned simulators. Sufficient OPFOR is available to achieve doctrinally correct force ratios.
d. The government owned contractor operated CCTT system will be housed in mobile or fixed shelters. A mobile shelter provides a platoon size element (4 to 7 simulators) and all necessary supporting hardware and software to allow training at Mobilization Sites and Army National Guard Armories and U. S. Army Reserve Centers. Fixed shelters of either company/team (up to 50 simulators) or battalion /task force (up to 150 simulators) size shelters tailored to house mixes of modules to support the units at a given installation or region. The CCTT network can be subdivided into as many as five independent exercises operating concurrently on the same terrain. For example, three companies and two platoons could train simultaneously without interfering with each other.
e. The CCTT local area network (LAN) at each location will be connected to a long haul network (LHN). The LHN is a preplanned product improvement (P3I) which permits participants at one site to train with or against participants at one or more other sites. The LHN capability provides the integration of combat, combat support, and combat service support units from diverse locations into the same training exercise without departing their home stations. This allows training on a full combined arms battlefield, normally only possible in the field at major combat training areas. The LHN also allows units from one location to train along side units they would join in wartime. The CCTT will network with Bn/BDE Simulation (BBS), and the future higher level maneuver linked simulators such as WARSIM 2000 and Deep Battle Integration Training (DBIT). The DBIT will permit the linking of Co/TM, and Bn TFs operating on CCTT with higher level simulated units, and with live maneuver elements at the Combat Training Center (CTC). The battlefield environment will include day-night variability, obscuration, three dimensional dynamic terrain, vegetation, mines, buildings ( USAIS will seek a future P3i for MOUT capability), weather variability, chemical warfare and other features still to be determined.
f. The CCTT system architecture permits electronic capture of all events that occur in a training exercise. The electronic record can be played back on a high resolution 19 inch video screen and projected on a high resolution 60x80 inch video projection screen with the accompanying audio. The commander can use this playback capability to analyze the battle in preparation for his After Action Review (AAR). He can also use it during his AAR to show his soldiers exactly what occurred.
2. TRAINING STRATEGY:
a. CCTT is incorporated into the Standard Army Training System and is reflected in the Combined Arms Training Strategy (CATS), The CATS Training Exercise Development System will show how CCTT fits into the Mech. infantry units overall training strategy, CCTT supports training as a precursor to tactical field training. In this mode the unit uses CCTT to support the train up designated staff, leaders/crews for the field exercise. Specific leader and collective tasks that have been identified as appropriate for training in CCTT are identified in SATS 4.0. The CCTT training strategy is designed to provide realistic virtual or constructive simulation training for:
Mechanized Infantry Battalion/Task Force Commanders
Battalion/Task Force Staff
Mechanized Infantry Company/Team Commanders
Executive Officers
First Sergeants
BFV Platoon Leaders
BFV Platoon Sergeants
Dismounted Infantry Platoon/Squad Leaders
Bradley/Tank Commanders
Bradley/Tank Gunners
Bradley/Tank Drivers
Forward Observers
Scouts
( Future, All Dismounted Platoon Members/Combatants, Inf., FO, Medic)
Training conducted with CCTT can be effectively used to train “portions” of the many leader tasks associated with mission planning and decision making and the tactical execution of unit missions CCTT does not require the high expenditure of logistical and administrative resources associated with field training. Preparation and exercise set up time is minimal. This allows the unit leaders to practice a task or rehearse a mission many times in CCTT before they take soldiers to the field. During the after action reviews, the commander can identify his unit’s weaknesses and correct them in low cost environment and achieve the desired level of proficiency. The commander can then take his unit to the field and attain a higher level of proficiency than may otherwise be possible in the time allocated. The combination of CCTT and other live, constructive and virtual training will produce an synergistic effect. CCTT also permits post training and mission rehearsal of tactical operations that cannot be trained in the field because they are either too hazardous, expensive, or because a lack of facilities. Future USAIS developments in MOUT simulation training is just one example of how upgrades to CCTT-DI will support the infantry commander.
b. The CCTT is designed to support TOE unit training requirements for active and reserve component training during peacetime and mobilization. The concept is to maintain proficiency for designated individual/leader and collective skills in the less expensive environment of CCTT, and other devices/simulations, then refine those skills on actual equipment in the field. The challenge to the commander and staff is to achieve an effective blend of Mission Essential Task List (METL), training resources, and scheduling constraints.
(1) Commanders should initially consider spending at least one day (4-8 hours) in CCTT prior to each field training exercise, practicing events/tasks/missions that will be conducted in the field. Both mounted and dismounted infantry missions may be planned and practiced, Initially the CCTT Dismounted Infantry module (DIM) will have three leader workstations. Based on the training mission these DI stations could be manned by a Bradley /Light infantry platoon leader and his two dismounted squad leaders, or a light infantry squad leader and his two fire team leaders. As the CCTT-DIM system matures and incorporates the upgrades in advanced technology, it is a goal to involve each dismounted soldier ( inf. platoon/squad member and other attachments eg. FO, Medic, Eng.) in the virtual simulation. Commanders and small unit leaders may also plan time in CCTT upon return from field exercises to work on problems identified. The commander or small unit leaders will determine the tasks/missions and length of time to conduct training. The echelon at which training is conducted during any of these periods should be based on the training mission and level of proficiency at that time. Some of that time will be spent training as independent crews, squads, platoons, company teams, and full battalion task forces.
(2) The following are some recommended types of CCTT events by echelons, and frequencies to support a M2 Infantry Battalion Combined Arms Training Strategy (CATS). These are outlined in SH 23-150. (Draft Jan 95) and the Training Exercise Development System data base.
(NOTE: These are notional examples only, final data AC/RC to be determined based on the revision of SATS 4.0)
ECHELON SIMULATION/EVENT ANNUAL FREQUENCY
AC/RC
Crew Drills 4/4
Squad Drills 4/4
Platoon Drills 8/8
Crew Situational Training Exercises (STX) 4/4
Squad STX 4/4
Platoon STX 4/4
Company STX 4/4
Platoon Field Training Exercises (FTX) 2/2
Company FTX 2/2
Battalion FTX 2/2
Platoon External Evaluation (EXEVAL) 2/2
Company EXEVAL 1/1
Battalion EXEVAL 1/1
(3) The commander/small unit leaders will be able to train their units to standard for many mission/tasks using CCTT (DI). The objective is to train those tasks or missions which have been identified as the highest skill transfer in CCTT (DI), and to a proficiency level that ensures efficient use of subsequent field training time. This means working the mistakes out on the CCTT (DI) system before going to the field where mistakes simply waste time and valuable resources.
b. Active Component (AC) Unit Training.
The CCTT (DI) program supports a basis of issue of at least one Company/troop size site for each heavy division and regiment, ( light divisions will not receive CCTT). This basis of issue provides approximately 20 days of training in CCTT each year for each mechanized/armor platoon in the heavy force. Training is conducted at any echelon platoon through battalion, depending on the training objectives of the commander. Training is conducted in a session lasting from a minimum of four hours to a maximum of about three days. The commander selects tasks and missions to be trained based on his Mission Essential Task List (METL). Training conditions and standards are based on the appropriate Mission Training PIan (MTP). After the commander has prepared a training plan designed to focus on specific tasks and missions, he schedules time in CCTT (DI). Preparation for training is not different than normally made for field training and includes the following.
(1) Preparation of operations orders for blue and red forces. Operations will always be planned to avoid unproductive or inefficient training.
(2) Development of initial conditions for each exercise. In addition to the general and special situation this must include:
Selection of a terrain data base
Designation of staff functions to be played
and initial location of these facilities
Identification, location and orientation of
each vehicle at its starting location
Degraded maintenance reliability of each vehicle
Initial quantities of fuel and ammunition
Allowable fuel and ammunition supply rates
Aviation sortie rate
Artillery availability rate/resupply rate
(3) Selection of personnel to man the TOC, CTCP, the respondent stations for CAS and Artillery, and incorporation of the duties of these personnel into the operations order.
(4) Development of a Master Events List (MEL). The MEL provides a scheme for introduction of events or information into the training by either the red force, adjacent forces or higher headquarters. Ideally, the MEL is prepared and executed by the staff of the training audience’s next higher headquarters without the participation of the training audience commander. This prevents the unit commander from having perfect knowledge of the future and enhances the training. The MEL forces the occurrence of desired training opportunities.
(5) Coordination with the next higher headquarters to provide response cells to
represent functions normally performed by organizations outside the immediate training audience. For example, the fire support element at battalion headquarters trains along with his assigned unit, but he needs a respondent station to react to his requirements for information and fires. This respondent station might be an officer from the DS artillery battalion who responds for all artillery units that would normally participate in the battle.
(6) Coordination of the training exercise with CCTT (DI) site manager/operator.
(7) The unit mans the simulators and command and control facilities. They conduct the exercise(s) under the direction of the commander and his staff. (Site personnel do not participate in the training.) The commander stops an exercise at his discretion and conducts the AAR. He can do this using normal procedures used in the field or supplement them with both video and audio playback of the battle using the systems AAR capability as described above. After the AAR the commander can restart the exercise from the initial condition or resume it from the point where he stopped it. Upon completion of the training, the unit departs the facility and control of the facility reverts to the site manager/operator.
(8) CCTT (DI) will be incorporated into all future Combined Arms Training Strategies (CATS). See Unit/Sustainment Training for a more detailed review of how CCTT is integrated into Infantry CATS, SH 32-150. The U.S. Army Infantry School (USAIS) will continue to evaluate doctrine, tactics, leader development, individual and collective tasks as the system matures to determine how CCTT (DI) will be integrated into other LIVE, CONSTRUCTIVE and VIRTUAL simulations. USAIS will also continue training development and conduct analysis to integrate new materiel and future systems with embedded training features into the CCTT and Dismounted Infantry (DI) Modules.
c. Reserve Component (RC) Unit Training.
( 1 ) Mobile platoon size sets of CCTT will support platoon and company level leader training at Army National Guard Armories and U.S. Army Reserve Centers The commander trains his platoons individually in four hour sessions. The approach to training is similar to the active component, with some notable exceptions. In order to avoid burdening the commander with training overhead responsibilities, operators accompanying the equipment provide SAF and respondent station support. The commander can use his own personnel for these functions, but it is recognized that this is not always possible or desirable.
(2) Training at the company level can be achieved with a platoon size set of equipment by conducting a CFX type exercise where only the commander and his subordinate leaders participate. Full company/team and battalion task force training will be conducted either at regional facilities dedicated to RC use or at TRADOC and FORSCOM fixed facilities. Peacetime training is generally oriented on MTP tasks, conditions and standards. When long haul networking (LHN) is established, capstone units in CONUS can be initialized into their General Defensive Plan (GDP) positions along side the forces they would join in wartime. If allied forces acquire the CCTT type technology, combined operations training can be conducted by networking forces in simulators at allied facilities using the same data base as U. S. forces in U. S. facilities. During wartime CCTT becomes a critical component of the mobilization training base. Mobile sites are concentrated at mobilization training areas. These sites provide realism to training or mission rehearsal before deploying to a war zone.
d. Institutional Training.
(1) The CCTT (DI) will be used to enhance leader skill training in decision making, planning for operations, squad fire distribution, platoon fire planning, evaluating tactical training, and mission rehearsal in the institutional environment. CCTT-DI will be integrated into the USAIS Programs of Instruction (POI) for infantry officer and enlisted leader courses. Initial entry training for infantry soldiers will continue to be a hands on field based program. This builds the initial infantry skills and soldierization experience in a actual environment.
(NOTE: These are notional examples, Actual course content for CCTT is TBD)
ANCOC 11M, This is a 10 week 2 day course designed to train infantry platoon sergeants to lead, train and direct subordinates to operate , maintain and employ infantry weapons systems in a combat environment. Training includes familiarization with the CCTT-DI system and then use CCTT to participate in both Mounted and Dismounted exercises of the following: Plan Movement To Contact; Conduct Movement To Contact; Conduct Actions On Contact; Conduct a Hasty Attack; Call For And Adjust Fire; Plan Occupation of a Battle Position; Conduct occupation of a Battle Position; Conduct Displacement at Platoon Level.
Bradley Leaders Course, This is a 16 week course. Training provides the selected NCO with the technical and tactical skills and knowledge needed to perform the duties of a BFV leader. Students will become familiar with the CCTT-DI system as part of the tactics and training management instruction.
IOAC, This is a 20 week course. It is a comprehensive program that prepares an officer for his duties as a combined arms company/tm commander and assistant S-3 at battalion or brigade level. Students will become completely familiar with use of CCTT in unit training. They will participate in simulated exercises with the CCTT-DI. The CCTT will provide the opportunity to apply the principles, procedures, tactics and techniques of defense and offense operations in a computer based virtual environment.
IPCC, The CCTT will be integrated into this POI as a BFV add on. Content TBD.
(2) In the institutional environment the Infantry School will provide a cadre (or small group instructors) to guide or direct planning of training and supervise the execution of the CCTT (DI) based tactical training, and conduct AARs.. Students are assigned to crew/squad, platoon, company, leadership or Battalion staff positions; taught the applicable SOP; familiarized with the terrain, general and special situation; organized into units; and prepared to execute the operations order. Special monitoring equipment is used by the instructor/cadre to monitor student performance and provide real-time coaching. Additional sets of recording and playback equipment are provided to support simultaneous AARs with multiple units as they complete similar parallel exercises prescribed by the course POI. (TBD)
Supporting Documents
A. Combined Arms Training Strategy (CATS), SH 23-150
B. CCTT-DI Individual/collective task analysis.
C. Dismounted Infantry/scout Virtual Environment (DIVE) TD/CD Test Bed .
D. Future Light Infantry Requirements, 21CLAW.
CCTT, STRAP, USAIC/USAIS
Institutional Training Strategy For: (*)
Infantry Pre-command Course, This is a one week course. The CCTT will be integrated into the training management portion of the POI. Content TBD
Location: USAIS, Ft. Benning, Ga.
Lesson Plans: FY 97
Course Start Date: In place, CCTT add on FY98
Year: FY 98 FY 99 FY 00 FY 01 FY 02
Classes 5 5 5 5 5
Student Load: 25
Infantry Officer Advance Course, This is a 20 week course. Students will become completely familiar with use of CCTT in support of unit training management. They will participate in simulated exercises with CCTT as part of tactics training, applying the principles, procedures. tactics, and techniques of the combined arms defense and offensive operations in a simulation based environment.
Location: USAIS, Ft. Benning, Ga.
Lesson Plans: FY 97
Course Start Date: In place, CCTT add on FY98
Year: FY 98 FY 99 FY 00 FY 01 FY 02
Classes 5 5 5 5 5
Student Load: 808
BFV Leader Course, This is a 6 week course. Selected students receive training to perform the technical and tactical duties of a Bradley fighting vehicle leader. the training will include familiarization with the CCTT system and execution of simulated tactical exercises.
Location: USAIS, Ft. Benning, Ga.
Lesson Plans: FY 97
Course Start Date: In place, CCTT add on FY98
Year: FY 98 FY 99 FY 00 FY 01 FY 02
Classes 10 10 10 10 10
Student Load: 765
Advanced Noncommissioned Officer Course (CMF 11M), This is a 10 week 2 day course designed to train Bradley platoon sergeants. Training will include a complete familiarization with the CCTT system as part of training management instruction and
participation in simulated tactical exercise as part of defensive and offensive tactical operations.
Location: USAIS, Ft. Benning, Ga.
Lesson Plans: FY 97
Course Start Date: In place, CCTT add on FY98
Year: FY 98 FY 99 FY 00 FY 01 FY 02
Classes 4 4 4 4 4 Student Load: 166
NOTE: As development of the dismounted infantry (DI) module progresses additional courses/poi hours may be added for light infantry . *A detailed CCTT/DI Infantry Training Strategy will be published separately.
Training Support Required:
CCTT simulators/systems required for the institution/training base.
M1A1/M1A2 14
BFV M2/M3 16
Dismounted Inf 3
FIST-V M981 2
HMMWV 2
M112A3 2
System Milestone Schedule Page 1 of 1
System: TRADOC School As of Date:
CCTT USAIS 24 Aug 95
POC: Office Symbol: Telephone:
Mr. Ron Gorday ATSH-OTY-I (706) 545-2918
Element/Product: Individual Training
FY95 FY96 FY97 FY98
1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q
CMF 11
ANCOC 11M 6 4 7 8
BFV Leader Course 6 4 7 8
IOAC 6 4 7 8
INF Pre-Command Course 6 4 7 8
LEGEND
1. Initial ITP Completed and submitted
2. Analysis Completed
3. Annotated Task List Completed
4. CAD
5. Training Program Worksheet Completed and Submitted
6. ITP Completed
7. POI Completed and submitted
8. Resident Course Start Date
Appendix C
Resource Summary
USAARMS
FY99 FY00 FY01
Officer 1 1 1
Warrant Officer 0 0 0
Enlisted 4 4 4
Civilian 5 5 5
(1 civilian as CCTT site manager, 4 civilian trainers)
Note: The numbers above are for the personnel at the CCTT fixed site facility, and are resourced from USAARMS assets. Personnel will coordinate and assist unit leaders to schedule CCTT training rotations. A New Equipment Training Team (NETT) of Government personnel will not be required for CCTT. The Contractor Logistic Support (CLS) will provide briefings and familiarization training to include functions, capabilities and limitations of CCTT, and functions and operations of the manned modules, and operations workstations.
Instructor Requirements for New Equipment Testing. CLS personnel will conduct the familiarization training for CCTT manned modules and operations workstations for all operational testing events at the testing site. The resource requirements have been determined by that specific CCTT site.
Systems required for the training base at U.S. Army Armor School and Center, Fort Knox, KY:
Simulators
M1A1/M1A2 14
BFV M2/M3 16
Dismounted 3
FIST-V M981 2
HMMWV 2
M113A3 APC 2
Appendix D
Coordination Summary
26 Oct 93 Staffing
CONCUR COMMENTS COMMENTS
AGENCY W/O COMMENTS SUBMITTED ACCEPTED
USAARMS
16th Cav
1/16 Cav No Response
2/16 Cav No Response
3/16 Cav Telephonic
4/16 Cav 1 1
5/16 Cav 4 4
DOES (ATSB-ES) 17 17
DCD 11 11
TSM-CATT 25 25
STRICOM 16 13
USATSC (ATIC-DMR-CA) 4 4
ATSH-OTY-M No Response
AMSTE-TA-A 1 1
USAES (ATSE-T-PD-NES) 4 3
TRADOC (ATTG-CS) 6 6
HQDA (DAMO-TRS) 1 1
ATZL-NSC-P 5 5
ATZL-CTT 5 5
AMCDE-M-SP No Response
FCJ3-FM No Response
AEAGC-TD-TS No Response
ATNC-NMM-A No Response
ATCL-TAA No Response
SFAE-ASM-SS No Response
USMC (OT&E) No Response
AMSEL-RD-EW-CI No Response
AMSTE-TA-R No Response
EAGC-DSCOPS No Response
EACJ-TD No Response
ATZQ-TDI-N No Response
ATSK-TX No Response
ATSL-DT-NE No Response
ATZN-CM-FND No Response
ATZH-DTN No Response
ATSE-TDN-M No Response
ATSI-TDN-S No Response
ATSM-DTT-N No Response
ATSP-TDI No Response
ARZR-KCO No Response
NON-ACCOMMODATED COMMENTS
STRICOM
Comments: The comments related to the three significant training issues at risk for CCTT stated in the STRAP.
Rationale for Non-accommodation: The issues are not training issues at risk that require resolution before system development or fielding, and therefore are deleted from the STRAP. The significant training issues at risk were as follows.
1. The level of training proficiency that a unit must demonstrate on the system prior to using conventional training methods and, the proper mix of CCTT for maximizing tactical training opportunities: Recommended solution: Conduct a Post-Fielding Training Effectiveness Analysis (PFTEA).
2. The level of fidelity required to ensure training effectiveness and minimize negative training. Recommend solution: Conduct a Cost and Operational Effectiveness Analysis (COEA).
3. To what extent do we play the individual soldier (Lps, Ops, dismounted infantry). Recommended solution: Conduct an analysis of training objectives to determine requirements.
USAES (ATSE-T-PD-NES)
Comment: The comment related to adding additional training devices to the training device strategy (i.e. ENCATT, ADCATT, etc).
Rationale for Non-accommodation: Reference to TRADOC Reg 351-9, this paragraph describes the training devices used to train the system (CCTT). CCTT is a training device and there is no requirement for any additional devices.
01 Sep 95 Staffing
CONCUR COMMENTS COMMENTS
AGENCY W/O COMMENTS SUBMITTED ACCEPTED
USAARMS
16th Cav 4 4
DFD (formerly DCD) 16 16
1ATB X
TSM-CATT No response
(Ft Knox, KY)
DOES X
ARI 30 27
NGB-ART-S X 2 2
STRICOM 11 11
USAIS&C Appendix B
NON-ACCOMMODATED COMMENTS
ARI
1. Comment: The comment recommended the use of the acronym “SAFOR” rather than “SAF” when referring to semi-automated forces.
Rationale for Non-accommodation. “SAF” is the acronym used in the updated ORD, dated 30 Oct 95.
2. Comment: The comment questioned whether an MOA actual exist between Loral and the STRICOM, since government agencies and contractors do not enter into MOAs.
Rationale for Non-accommodation. An MOA has been written to remedy those details not defined in the original contract in order to receive training deliverable products developed by the contractor.
3. Comment: The comment questioned whether the use of the term “eight-hour training scenarios” rather than “eight-hour briefing”.
Rationale for Non-accommodation. The term “eight-hour briefing” is correct according to the STRICOM approved Training Plan for CCTT, dated 25 Aug 95.
05 March 98 Staffing
CONCUR COMMENTS COMMENTS
AGENCY W/O COMMENTS SUBMITTED ACCEPTED
USAARMS/USAARMC
ATSB-SBZ-T 7 7
ATSB-NCO 1 1
OSACG 2 2
ATZK-SM 12 10
TSM-Tank X 0
ATZK-FD No Response
PERI-IK (ARI) No Response
CSTE-COK (Teco) No Response
Infantry School 1 1
Engineer School X 0
Air Defense Artillery X 1 1
Signal School X 1 1
CASCOM X 0
Intelligence School 33 30
ATCL-NSC-C(TSM-CATT) X 18 16
Field Artillery School No Response
ATIC-DMR X 3 3
ATIC-ATMW-PM X 4 4
ATTG-R X 1 1
ODCSSA X 0
ATIC-ATMD X 1 1
AMSTI-CA(STRICOM) X 0
NON-ACCOMMODATED COMMENTS
ATZK-SM
1. Comment: Comment stated that the requirements listed do not match the current BOIP.
Rationale for Non-accommodation. The numbers used state the required number of simulators needed for training, not what is available in the current BOIP.
2. Comment. Same as 1 above
Rationale for Non-accommodation. Same as 1 above.
Intelligence School
1. Comment: Comment indicates that the CCTT System Description is similar to Home Station Training Instrumentation (HTI) and are they intended to compliment each other.
Rationale for Non-accommodation. HTI is still in very rough draft and is not recognized based on its current content. Eventually, a system similar to HTI may be required to interface with CCTT for combined virtual and live exercises.
2. Comment: Comment recommends that funding requirements be included to conduct Post Fielding Evaluations.
Rationale for Non-accommodation. The STRAP is not a funding document. The Post Fielding Evaluation, if conducted on-site, will come out of the proponent’s assets.
3. Comment: Comment recommends combining the Armor/Cavalry and Infantry strategies in a single strategy.
Rationale for Non-accommodation. The Infantry strategy is a stand-alone document. Combining it with the Armor/Cavalry strategy would confuse the reader.
ATCL-NSC-C
1. Comment: The comment referred to Infantry CATS not being addressed in paragraph 6d. of the STRAP.
Rationale for Non-accommodation. The Infantry strategy is a stand-alone input to the STRAP. Combining it with the Armor/Cavalry strategy would confuse the reader.
2. Comment: The comment made reference to the differences in the detail of information in Appendix A for Armor institutional training system and Infantry institutional training system in Appendix B.
Rationale for Non-accommodation. The Infantry strategy is a stand-alone document in Appendix B.
ATTG-R
Comment: The comment indicated that the courses listed in Appendix A and B didn’t indicate whether course lengths would change after the introduction of CCTT training.
Rationale for Non-accommodation. The information on the impact of CCTT on institutional training is located on page 12, para 4b(2) of the STRAP.
Appendix E
List of References
1. Operational Requirements Document (ORD) (Update) - 30 Oct 95
2. Test and Evaluation Master Plan (TEMP) (Update) - 21 Mar 96
3. Warnet XXI Action Plan, Revised Coordinating Draft - 26 Apr 96
4. Close Combat Tactical Trainer (CCTT) System Manprint Management Plan (SMMP) - Approved 23 Mar 93
5. Combined Arms Tactical Trainers - CCTT Interoperability Description Document (DRAFT) - 03 Aug 95
6. CCTT Verification, Validation and Accreditation (VV&A) Master Plan - 06 Oct 95
7. Training Plan for the CCTT - Approved 25 Aug 95
Appendix F
Acronyms
AAR After Action Review
CATS Combined Arms Training Strategy
CD-ROM Compact Disk-Read Only Memory
CES Combat Engineer Support
CLS Contractor Logistic Support
CTCP Combat Trains Command Post
EDUCCATT Education of CCTT through Computer-Assisted Training Technology
FABTOC Field Artillery Battalion Tactical Operations Center
FDC Fire Direction Center
MC Maintenance Console
MCC Master Control Console
OC Operations Center
P3I Preplanned Product Improvement
SAF Semi-Automated Forces
STRICOM Simulation, Training and Instrumentation Command
STRUCCTT Structured Training For Units In the Close Combat Tactical Trainer
TACP Tactical Air Control Party
TADSS Training Aids, Devices, Simulators, and Simulations
TREDS Training Exercise Development System
TSP Training Support Package
TTSP Training Test Support Package
TTP Tactics, Techniques and Procedures
UMCP Unit Maintenance Collection Point
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