SBI4U: Biochemistry Review Sheet



SBI4U: Biochemistry Review Sheet

Ensure you know the meaning of the following terms:

Cell Structure

Cell Theory

Prokaryote

Eukaryote

Organelles

Nucleus

Ribosomes

Cytoplasm

Cell Membrane

Mitochondria

Golgi Apparatus

Lysosomes

Peroxisomes

Cytoskeleton

Cell Wall

Chlorolast

Vacuole

Chemistry Overview

Atom

Element

Molecule

Matter

Subatomic Particles (Protons, Neurons, Electrons)

Isotope

Intramolecular Force

Ionic Bond

Covalent Bond

Intermolecular Force

Hydrogen Bonding

Polar Bond

Electronegativity

Polar Molecule

Solubility

Hydrophillic

Hydriphobic

Functional Group

Hydroxyl

Carbonyl

Ketone

Aldehyde

Carboxyl

Phosphate

Condensation/Dehydration Reaction

Hydrolysis Reaction

Neutralization

Redox Reactions

Acid

Base

Macromolecules

Monomer

Polymer

Carbohydrates

Monosaccharide

Disaccharide

Polysaccharide

Starch

Glycogen

Cellulose

Sucrose

Glucose

Lipids

Triglycerides

Phospholipids

Steroids

Glycerol

Fatty Acids

Ester Linkage

Saturated Fatty Acid

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid

Trans Fat

Hormone

Proteins

Amino Acid

Peptide Bond

Essential amino acids

R-group

Polypeptide

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary Structure

Sulfhydryl Functional groups

Nucleic Acids

Nucleotides

Nitrogen Base

Deoxyribose Sugar

Ribose Sugar

Purines (Adenine, Guanine)

Pyrimidines (Thimine, Cytosine, Uracil)

DNA vs. RNA

Hydrogen Bonds

Double Helix

Phosphodiester Bonds

Benedict’s Test

Lugol Test

Sudan Red Test

Biuret Test

Enzymes

Catalyst

Activation Energy

Substrate

Active Site

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

Lock and Key Model

Induced Fit Model

Inhibitor

Competitive Inhibitor

Non-competitive Inhibitor

Allosteric Regulation

Allosteric Binding Site

Allosteric Activator

Allosteric Inhibitor

Cell Membrane

Glycoprotein

Channel Protein

Fibrous Protein

Cholesterol

Diffusion

Osmosis

Semi-Permeable Membrane

Solute

Solvent

Active Transport

Passive Transport

Review Questions:

1. Compare and contrast between the following terms:

a. Atom/ Compound

b. Ionic Bond/ Covalent Bond

c. Carboxyl/Carbonyl

d. Molecule/ Macromolecule

e. Carbohydrate/ Protein

f. Chloroplast/ Mitochondria

g. Benedict’s Test/ Lugol Test

h. Integral Protein/ Peripheral Protein

i. Solute/ Solvent

j. Active Transport/ Passive Transport

k. Active Site/ Allosteric Site

l. Enzyme/ Catalyst

2. Label the organelles on the following 2 cells.

Cell A:

3. Which image in question 2 is a plant cell? Give three pieces of evidence to support your answer.

4. Fill in the chart below with the appropriate information.

|Organelle |What type of cells is it found in? |Function |

| |(plant, animal, both) | |

|Vacuole | | |

| | | |

|Ribosomes | | |

| | | |

|Chloroplast | | |

| | | |

|Cell Wall | | |

| | | |

|Nucleus | | |

| | | |

|Mitochondria | | |

| | | |

|Rough Endoplasmic | | |

|Reticulum | | |

5. Sketch and label a diagram of the phospholipid bilayer. Label the a channel proteins, a glycoprotein, cholesterol, and phospholipids. State the role each of these plays in the membrane. Also show the route that H2O, CO2, O2, and glucose take to enter the cell.

6. Complete the following table regarding the 4 main types of biological molecules.

|Macromolecule |Monomer (subunit) |Function |

| | |stores genetic information |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

|Proteins | | |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

| |glycerol + fatty acids | |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

|Carbohydrates | | |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

7. What is the difference between Benedict’s Test, Lugol Test, Sudan Red Test, and Biuret Test? For each test describe what a positive reaction would look like.

8. Compare the lock and key model to the induced fit model. How are they similar? How are they different?

9. Compare competitive and non-competitive inhibition. How are they similar? Give two ways they are different.

10. Draw a picture of an enzyme and substrate that require allosteric regulation. Include the following: enzyme, active site, allosteric site, substrate, and activator.

11. Name one example of industrial enzyme use and explain how this is important to society.

*** To study try summarizing your notes, organizing notes into summary charts/tables, drawing diagrams, and writing and answering practice questions. All of these techniques will help you actively think about the concepts we have covered!

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Cell B:

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