SBI4U: Biochemistry Review Sheet
SBI4U: Biochemistry Review Sheet
Ensure you know the meaning of the following terms:
Cell Structure
Cell Theory
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Organelles
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Cytoskeleton
Cell Wall
Chlorolast
Vacuole
Chemistry Overview
Atom
Element
Molecule
Matter
Subatomic Particles (Protons, Neurons, Electrons)
Isotope
Intramolecular Force
Ionic Bond
Covalent Bond
Intermolecular Force
Hydrogen Bonding
Polar Bond
Electronegativity
Polar Molecule
Solubility
Hydrophillic
Hydriphobic
Functional Group
Hydroxyl
Carbonyl
Ketone
Aldehyde
Carboxyl
Phosphate
Condensation/Dehydration Reaction
Hydrolysis Reaction
Neutralization
Redox Reactions
Acid
Base
Macromolecules
Monomer
Polymer
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
Sucrose
Glucose
Lipids
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Steroids
Glycerol
Fatty Acids
Ester Linkage
Saturated Fatty Acid
Unsaturated Fatty Acid
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid
Trans Fat
Hormone
Proteins
Amino Acid
Peptide Bond
Essential amino acids
R-group
Polypeptide
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary Structure
Sulfhydryl Functional groups
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides
Nitrogen Base
Deoxyribose Sugar
Ribose Sugar
Purines (Adenine, Guanine)
Pyrimidines (Thimine, Cytosine, Uracil)
DNA vs. RNA
Hydrogen Bonds
Double Helix
Phosphodiester Bonds
Benedict’s Test
Lugol Test
Sudan Red Test
Biuret Test
Enzymes
Catalyst
Activation Energy
Substrate
Active Site
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
Lock and Key Model
Induced Fit Model
Inhibitor
Competitive Inhibitor
Non-competitive Inhibitor
Allosteric Regulation
Allosteric Binding Site
Allosteric Activator
Allosteric Inhibitor
Cell Membrane
Glycoprotein
Channel Protein
Fibrous Protein
Cholesterol
Diffusion
Osmosis
Semi-Permeable Membrane
Solute
Solvent
Active Transport
Passive Transport
Review Questions:
1. Compare and contrast between the following terms:
a. Atom/ Compound
b. Ionic Bond/ Covalent Bond
c. Carboxyl/Carbonyl
d. Molecule/ Macromolecule
e. Carbohydrate/ Protein
f. Chloroplast/ Mitochondria
g. Benedict’s Test/ Lugol Test
h. Integral Protein/ Peripheral Protein
i. Solute/ Solvent
j. Active Transport/ Passive Transport
k. Active Site/ Allosteric Site
l. Enzyme/ Catalyst
2. Label the organelles on the following 2 cells.
Cell A:
3. Which image in question 2 is a plant cell? Give three pieces of evidence to support your answer.
4. Fill in the chart below with the appropriate information.
|Organelle |What type of cells is it found in? |Function |
| |(plant, animal, both) | |
|Vacuole | | |
| | | |
|Ribosomes | | |
| | | |
|Chloroplast | | |
| | | |
|Cell Wall | | |
| | | |
|Nucleus | | |
| | | |
|Mitochondria | | |
| | | |
|Rough Endoplasmic | | |
|Reticulum | | |
5. Sketch and label a diagram of the phospholipid bilayer. Label the a channel proteins, a glycoprotein, cholesterol, and phospholipids. State the role each of these plays in the membrane. Also show the route that H2O, CO2, O2, and glucose take to enter the cell.
6. Complete the following table regarding the 4 main types of biological molecules.
|Macromolecule |Monomer (subunit) |Function |
| | |stores genetic information |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
|Proteins | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| |glycerol + fatty acids | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
|Carbohydrates | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
7. What is the difference between Benedict’s Test, Lugol Test, Sudan Red Test, and Biuret Test? For each test describe what a positive reaction would look like.
8. Compare the lock and key model to the induced fit model. How are they similar? How are they different?
9. Compare competitive and non-competitive inhibition. How are they similar? Give two ways they are different.
10. Draw a picture of an enzyme and substrate that require allosteric regulation. Include the following: enzyme, active site, allosteric site, substrate, and activator.
11. Name one example of industrial enzyme use and explain how this is important to society.
*** To study try summarizing your notes, organizing notes into summary charts/tables, drawing diagrams, and writing and answering practice questions. All of these techniques will help you actively think about the concepts we have covered!
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Cell B:
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