Name _______________________________________________ Per



Name _______________________________________________ Per ___________

Chapter 5: Cell Growth and Division Review Sheet

|Question |

|Answer |

| |

| The Cell Cycle (5.1) |

|What are the four main stages of the Cell Cycle? |Gap 1 (G1), Synthesis (S), Gap 2 (G2), Mitotic Phase (M or |

| |Cell Division) |

|What happens in Gap 1? |Cell Growth, organelles increase in number & cell carries |

| |out normal functions |

|What happens in the Synthesis phase? |Chromosomes (made of DNA) get copied |

|What happens in Gap 2? |Cell continues normal functions, gets larger & prepares for |

| |division |

|What are the two parts of the Mitotic Phase (Cell Division) and what happens in each? |Mitosis = nuclear division |

| |Cytokinesis = cytoplasmic division |

|G1 + S + G2 together are what longest phase of the cell cycle? |Interphase |

|A parent cell that completes the cell cycle produces how many daughter cells? |2 |

|A parent cell that begins the cell cycle with 24 chromosomes creates 2 daughter cells with |24 |

|how many chromosomes in each cell? | |

|Explain how a parent cell can divide to create two new cells with the same number of |Before division, chromosomes are duplicated so that each |

|chromosomes as the parent cell started with. |daughter cell receives a complete identical set |

|Are the cells in #8 identical or different from each other and the original parent cell that|Identical |

|created them? | |

|Which type of cells divide faster, prokaryotic or eukaryotic? Why? |Prokaryotic b/c they do not have as much DNA and they do not|

| |have organelles that need to be made |

|Why do cells lining the stomach need to divide more often than blood cells or liver cells? |They are subjected to a lot of wear and tear (stomach acids)|

| |so need to be replaced more often |

|As a cell grows, what happens to the ratio of its surface area to its volume? |SA:Volume ratio decreases (cell membrane does not grow as |

| |fast as cytoplasm) |

|As a cell grows, what does it have a more difficult time doing? |A larger cell has a more difficult time obtaining nutrients |

| |and removing wastes. |

|Instead of continuing to grow, what happens to a cell when it has maxed out its surface area|It divides, creating two smaller cells. |

|to volume ratio? | |

| Mitosis & Cytokinesis (5.2) |

| Double stranded molecule made of nucleotides, found in the nucleus of cells |DNA |

| A tightly packed, long continuous thread of DNA consisting of many genes |Chromosome |

|Combination of DNA + histone proteins, loosely packed, (thin spaghetti-looking material) |Chromatin |

|When during the cell cycle can you actually see chromosomes? |During cell division (the Mitotic phase) |

|How many chromosomes are in a human skin cell? |46 |

|Label the diagram to the right with the following terms: | |

|Sister chromatids | |

|Telomere | |

|Centromere | |

| Where the spindle grows from – will move to opposite sides of the cell during mitosis |Centrioles (the fishermen) |

| Microtubules that attach to and move and separate chromatids (chromosomes) during mitosis |Spindle Fibers (fishing lines) |

| List the four stages of mitosis in order |Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase |

| How is cytokinesis different in plant cells than in animal cells |Plant cells create a cell plate between the new nuclei – |

| |animal cells simply pinch in two |

| In what stage of mitosis are the sister chromatids pulled apart to opposite sides of the |Anaphase |

|cell? | |

| | |

| | |

| In what stage of mitosis are the sister chromatids lined up in the middle of the cell? |metaphase |

|In what stage of mitosis do the sister chromatids condense and the nuclear membrane breaks |prophase |

|down? | |

|In what stage of mitosis do the sister chromatids uncoil and the nuclear membrane start to |telophase |

|re-form? | |

|In the diagram below, identify each stage of the cell cycle: Note – they are not in order! |1 = anaphase |

|[pic] |2 = metaphase |

| |3 = prophase |

| |4 = telophase |

| Using the diagram in #30, list sequence of the cells in order |3 (2 ( 1 ( 4 |

|Regulation of the Cell Cycle (5.3) |

|If a cell does not get a go-ahead signal at the G1 Checkpoint, what stage does it enter? |G0 = no growth (cell will not divide) |

|What does this mean? | |

|If a cell does not get a go-ahead signal at the M checkpoint, what happens? |A multinucleated cell |

|Proteins that bind to cells and stimulate cell division |Growth factors |

|When normal cells come into contact with other cells, what happens? |They stop dividing |

|Programmed cell death (self-destruction of cells) that plays an important role in |apoptosis |

|development | |

|When a cell loses control over its cycle of growth and division & continues to divide |Cancer |

|Mass of disorganized cells created from repeated cell divisions |tumor |

|Type of #38 that remain clumped together and may be cured by removal |Benign tumor |

| | |

|Type of #38 that invade other tissues and are harder to remove |Malignant tumors |

|#40 Can do this, where they break free and cause tumors in other parts of the body |Metastasize |

|Substances that are known to cause cancers are called? Give examples |Carcinogens |

| |Ex/UV radiation from sun, X Rays, tobacco smoke, some |

| |viruses |

|Asexual Reproduction (5.4) |

|43. How many parents are needed in asexual reproduction? |one |

|44. Are offspring identical or different in asexual reproduction? |identical |

|45. How many parents needed for sexual reproduction? |two |

|46. Are offspring identical or different in sexual reproduction? |different |

|47. What is the shape of a bacterial chromosome? |circular |

|48. What is the name for asexual reproduction of bacteria? |Binary fission |

|49. Which type of reproduction is better (asexual or sexual) in terms of being able to |Sexual b/c populations would have genetic variety |

|adapt to new environments | |

|Multicellular Life (5.5) |

|50. List the levels of organization in your body from smallest ( largest |Cells ( tissues ( organs ( organ systems ( organism |

|51. Process by which unspecialized cells develop into their mature forms and functions |differentiation |

|51. Cells in an embryo differentiate based on this |Their location in the embryo as it develops |

|52. An undifferentiated cell that can develop into a variety of specialized cell types |Stem cells |

|53. These stem cells can become almost any cell in the human body (are pluripotent) |Embryonic stem cells |

|54. These stem cells can become only a few, closely related cells (multipotent) |Adult stem cells |

Label diagram below and then briefly describe the events of Stages A, B, C, & D:

A = __Gap 1 (G1)__________

Events during this stage: Cell grows, organelles are made, cell functioning normally

B = __Synthesis (S)______________

Events during this stage: DNA is copied (which replicates each chromosome)

C = __Gap 2 (G2)__________

Events during this stage: Cell grows, new organelles are made, cell preps for division

D = Mitotic Phase (M) or Cell Division__

Events during this stage: Mitosis (nuclear division – PMAT) and Cytokinesis (cytoplasmic division)

-----------------------

Test Format:

❑ 33 M/C

❑ 10 Short Answer

45 Points Total (48 possible)

What to Study:

❑ Ch 5 Notepacket

❑ Study Guide Ch 5

❑ This Review Sheet

❑ Cell Cycle Pie Chart

centromere

telomere

Sister chromatids

[pic]

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